Smooth blasting drilling construction method based on three-precision four-control thirteen method

Abstract

The invention relates to a smooth blasting drilling construction method based on a three-precision four-control thirteen method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering and mining. According to the construction method, the drilling foundation is improved through three-precision, and comprehensive quality closed-loop management is achieved in combination with four-control. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: improving the drilling parallelism by adopting an operation standard of'accuracy, straightness, alignment, levelness and uniformization ', a water drop angle method and a double-breadth control method; the peripheral hole pitch is dynamically adjusted, and the bottom hole inclination angle and the wedge-shaped slotting structure are optimized; the hole position deviation is controlled to be smaller than or equal to 1 degree through a seven-direction-line and six-slope-line space guiding system. The matching system integrates an intelligent trolley control module, a three-dimensional hole arrangement planning module and a quality monitoring module, and automatic alignment of the drill rod, geological sudden change early warning and three-dimensional point cloud quality evaluation are achieved. According to the method, the drilling precision is improved by 60%, the overexcavation rate is reduced to 5% or below, the unit consumption of explosives is reduced by 18%, and the tunnel contour flatness and the construction efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of tunnel engineering and mining, and specifically to a smooth blasting drilling method based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods. Background Art

[0002] The smooth blasting drilling technology is the core link. The tunnel construction environment is complex, with problems such as limited space and variable geological conditions. For example, when passing through fault zones, fractured zones and other sections, extremely high requirements are placed on the drilling accuracy and blasting effect. In mining, the hardness and structure of different ore rocks vary greatly, and the shapes and sizes of the mining working faces are different, requiring the drilling technology to adapt to diverse mining needs. Currently, the smooth blasting drilling technology is widely used in various underground engineering construction and mineral resource mining operations, aiming to accurately control the excavation contour, reduce the disturbance to the surrounding rock mass, and improve the resource mining efficiency.

[0003] The current technology still has the following defects or problems to be improved.

[0004] 1. Insufficient operation accuracy: In traditional drilling methods, the skill levels of the jumbo operators vary, lacking unified and precise operation standards, resulting in large deviations in the opening positions during the drilling process, easy deviation of the drilling direction, and difficulty in ensuring the straightness of the blast holes, seriously affecting the subsequent blasting effect and engineering quality.

[0005] 2. Lack of rationality in hole layout: The hole layout plan often lacks flexibility and cannot be adjusted in a timely manner according to the rock conditions and actual blasting problems. The spacing of the perimeter holes is set relatively conservatively, resulting in a large amount of drilling work and high costs. The spacing and angle control of other blast holes such as the bottom holes and second bench holes are not precise enough, prone to problems such as strong clamping action at the bottom corners during blasting and difficult initiation of the bottom holes, increasing the number of supplementary blasts and the cost of dealing with under-excavation.

[0006] 3. Imperfect control of drilling quality: There are no comprehensive and effective control measures for the drilling quality of different positions such as the side wall perimeter holes, outline holes, and cut holes. For example, when controlling the outline forming, the operation is difficult and the angle is difficult to control, prone to over-excavation. The quality control of the cut holes is insufficient, the water accumulation in the holes affects the blasting effect, and the angle deviation of each cut hole is large, unable to create good conditions for subsequent blasting. The spacing control of other blast holes is not strict, affecting the overall blasting effect. Insufficient operation accuracy: In traditional drilling methods, the skill levels of the jumbo operators vary, lacking unified and precise operation standards, resulting in large deviations in the opening positions during the drilling process, easy deviation of the drilling direction, and difficulty in ensuring the straightness of the blast holes, seriously affecting the subsequent blasting effect and engineering quality.

[0007] 4. Lack of rationality in hole layout: The hole layout plan often lacks flexibility and cannot be adjusted in a timely manner according to the rock conditions and actual blasting problems. The spacing of the peripheral holes is set conservatively, resulting in a large amount of drilling work and high costs; the control of the spacing and angle of other blasting holes such as the bottom holes and the second bench holes is not precise enough, and problems such as strong clamping action at the bottom corners during blasting and difficulty in initiating the bottom holes are likely to occur, increasing the number of supplementary shots and the cost of dealing with under-excavation.

[0008] 5. Imperfect control of drilling quality: There are no comprehensive and effective control measures for the drilling quality at different positions such as the side wall peripheral holes, the contour holes, and the cut holes. For example, when controlling the contour forming, the operation is difficult and the angle is difficult to control, and over-excavation is likely to occur; the quality control of the cut holes is insufficient, the accumulated water in the holes affects the blasting effect, and the angles of the cut holes deviate greatly, unable to create good conditions for subsequent blasting; the control of the spacing of other blasting holes is not strict, affecting the overall blasting effect. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention provides a smooth blasting drilling method based on the three precisions, four controls, and thirteen methods to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0010] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, a smooth blasting drilling method based on the three precisions, four controls, and thirteen methods includes: improving the drilling foundation through the "three precisions":

[0011] Exquisite operation: Implement the trolley operation specifications including the five elements of accuracy, straightness, alignment, flatness, and uniformity, and adopt the water droplet angle method and the double contour control method to achieve the parallelism between holes;

[0012] Accurate hole layout: Dynamically adjust the spacing of the peripheral holes based on the rock conditions, adopt the double peripheral control method to arrange the second-round holes, and set the wedge cut parameters;

[0013] Precise drilling: Control the hole position parameters through the spatial guidance system of the seven-direction lines, six-slope lines, and one control line;

[0014] Implement quality control through the "four controls":

[0015] Control of the linear rate of the side wall peripheral holes: Adopt the rod-line coincidence method, the angle parallel method, the hole-forming reference method, and the sheath observation method;

[0016] Control of the contour forming: Adopt the double contour control method, the water droplet angle method, the half-hole comparison method, the visual dislocation observation method, and the curve adjustment method;

[0017] Control of the cut quality: Adopt the reference positioning method, the spacing comparison method, the elevation angle water control method, and the no-moving drilling method;

[0018] Control of the spacing of other blasting holes: Implement the coordinated adjustment of the spacing of the bottom holes, the second bench holes, and the second peripheral holes.

[0019] In this aspect, the smooth blasting drilling method based on the "Three Precisions and Four Controls and Thirteen Methods" realizes the dual improvement of drilling accuracy and blasting effect through systematic technical integration. Its core functions are reflected in:

[0020] Functions of the "Three Precisions" technical system:

[0021] Exquisite operation: By means of the operation specifications of the five elements of "accurate, straight, aligned, flat, and uniform", combined with the pressure control strategy and the depth marking of the rock drill, the problems of drill pipe deflection and uneven hole depth in traditional drilling are solved. For example, the pressure feedback mechanism for the angle adjustment of the propulsion beam can control the straightness error of the drill pipe within ±0.5°, and the depth marking system enables the flatness error of the bottom plane of the same type of holes to be ≤5 cm, significantly improving the geometric consistency of the blast holes.

[0022] Accurate hole layout: Dynamically adjust the spacing of the peripheral holes (extended to 1.2 - 1.5 times the traditional value under hard rock conditions), and combine with the layout of the bottom holes with a downward inclination angle of 30° - 45° to effectively overcome the clamping effect of the bottom angle blasting. The double-peripheral control method reduces the overbreak rate from the traditional 15% to less than 5% through the coordinated action of the main and secondary rows of peripheral holes.

[0023] Precise drilling: The spatial guiding system formed by the seven-direction lines (longitudinal reference line + bilateral arch waist lines + transition zone guiding lines) and the six slope lines enables the direction deviation of the peripheral holes to be ≤1° and the slope consistency to reach more than 95%, ensuring the precise shaping of the tunnel cross-sectional contour.

[0024] Functions of the "Four Controls" quality closed-loop:

[0025] For the peripheral holes on the side walls, the rod-line coincidence method and the sheath observation method are adopted. By comparing the coincidence degree of the drill pipe and the preset line in real time, the compliance rate of the "one-line rate" of the side walls is increased to 98%;

[0026] In the control of the cross-sectional contour, the visual misalignment observation method and the curve adjustment method are linked, and the contour error can still be maintained ≤3 cm in the space-limited area (such as the tunnel turning section);

[0027] In the control of the cut quality, a 3° - 5° upward inclination gradient design forms a natural drainage channel, reducing the water accumulation rate in the holes by 80%. At the same time, the reference positioning method enables the angle deviation of the cut hole group to be ≤2°, creating an ideal free face for subsequent blasting.

[0028] In a specific implementation manner of the first aspect, the exquisite operation specifically includes:

[0029] The angle adjustment of the propulsion beam adopts a pressure control strategy to maintain the straightness of the drill pipe;

[0030] Set the depth marking of the rock drill according to the hole length to achieve the coplanarity of the bottom surfaces of the same type of holes;

[0031] Use the water droplet angle method to ensure the parallelism between holes;

[0032] Arrange the blast holes adjacent to the smooth blasting layer uniformly through the resistance line.

[0033] In a specific embodiment of the first aspect, the precise hole arrangement includes:

[0034] Set a gradient adjustment threshold for the spacing of the perimeter holes according to the surrounding rock grade. In the case of hard rock, the spacing is extended to 1.2 - 1.5 times the traditional value.

[0035] The bottom holes are arranged with a downward inclination angle of 30° - 45°, and the hole mouth spacing is reduced by 20% - 30% compared with the hole bottom spacing.

[0036] The wedge-shaped cut holes are set with a V-shaped arrangement structure with an included angle of 60° - 75°.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the first aspect, the seven-direction line for precise drilling includes:

[0038] The longitudinal reference line set along the tunnel axis;

[0039] The auxiliary positioning lines symmetrically distributed at the two side arch waists;

[0040] The transition zone guiding line connecting the crown and the side wall.

[0041] In a specific embodiment of the first aspect, the elevation angle water control method is specifically:

[0042] Set an elevation angle gradient of 3° - 5° for the cut holes to form a drainage passage with an elevation difference in the hole depth direction.

[0043] In the second aspect, a smooth blasting drilling system based on the three-precision four-control thirteen-methods includes:

[0044] An intelligent trolley control module integrated with a dual-axis inclination sensor and a laser positioning device;

[0045] A three-dimensional hole arrangement planning module with a spacing adjustment algorithm adapted to the rock conditions built-in;

[0046] A drilling quality monitoring module including a hole depth measurement device and a hole position deviation detection unit;

[0047] Among them, the intelligent trolley control module is linked with the seven-direction line guiding system to realize the automatic alignment operation of the drill pipe.

[0048] In the second aspect, the drilling system based on this construction method constructs a full-process digital control system through the cooperation of intelligent equipment and algorithms:

[0049] Intelligent trolley control module:

[0050] The integration of a biaxial inclination sensor (accuracy ±0.1°) and a laser positioning device (positioning error ≤2 mm) enables automatic alignment of drill pipes, with the response speed being three times faster than manual operation.

[0051] When linked with a seven-direction line guiding system, it can automatically correct the offset of the drill arm and maintain the stability of the drilling direction even in complex geological sections (such as fault zones).

[0052] Three-dimensional hole layout planning module:

[0053] The rock condition adaptive algorithm adjusts the hole spacing parameters (adjustment range ±15%) dynamically through real-time feedback of drilling resistance (sampling frequency 100 Hz), enabling the hole layout plan to adapt to the sudden change scenarios of grade IV - V surrounding rocks.

[0054] The geological interface warning unit predicts geological changes 1 - 2 drilling cycles in advance based on the resistance mutation feature library (including data of 20 typical lithologies), and the response time for modifying the hole layout parameters is <30 seconds.

[0055] Drilling quality monitoring module:

[0056] The binocular vision recognition unit (resolution 0.1 mm) realizes early warning of drilling deviation through the analysis of the coincidence degree between the sheath and the rod line, with the detection accuracy being 90% higher than that of traditional manual methods.

[0057] The infrared ranging array (coverage range 15 m × 15 m) generates a three-dimensional point cloud model of the drilling group in real time, with the flatness monitoring error ≤2 mm, effectively preventing the chain reaction of under-excavation / over-excavation.

[0058] The dynamic compensation algorithm automatically optimizes the hole position parameters of the next cycle through reverse analysis of blasting effects (such as half-hole residue rate, fragment size distribution), shortening the iterative optimization cycle of blasting effects by 50%.

[0059] Synergistic effect: The deep integration of construction method innovation and system hardware improves the comprehensive efficiency of drilling operations by 40%. In the engineering practice of deep-buried tunnels (burial depth >500 m) and high-stress mining areas, the single-cycle drilling time is reduced by 25%, and the single explosive consumption is reduced by 18%, achieving the triple technical effects of "improving quality, increasing efficiency, and reducing costs".

[0060] In a specific implementation manner of the second aspect, the quality monitoring module is set as follows:

[0061] The binocular vision recognition unit is used to capture the coincidence degree between the sheath and the rod line.

[0062] The infrared ranging array monitors the overall flatness of the drilling group in real time.

[0063] In a specific implementation manner of the second aspect, the three-dimensional hole layout planning module includes:

[0064] The dynamic compensation algorithm automatically corrects the hole position parameters according to the blasting effect of the previous cycle;

[0065] The geological interface warning unit adjusts the hole spacing in real time based on the change of drilling resistance.

[0066] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0067] 1. Improve drilling accuracy: Through a variety of precise control methods in the "Three Precisions" principle and the "Thirteen Methods", the drilling deviation is greatly reduced, and the straightness, parallelism and depth consistency of the blast holes are guaranteed, providing high-quality blast holes for smooth blasting.

[0068] 2. Optimize the blasting effect: The "Four Controls" accurately control different hole positions, reasonable hole layout and strict spacing control make the blasting energy distribution uniform, effectively overcome the clamping effect of bottom corner blasting, reduce the phenomenon of overbreak and underbreak, improve the flatness of the tunnel contour and the stability of the surrounding rock, and ensure the core effect and overall effect of blasting.

[0069] 3. Reduce costs: Expand the spacing of peripheral holes, reduce the number of drill holes, reduce the consumption of drilling tools and the amount of explosives; reduce the number of supplementary blasts and the cost of dealing with underbreak, shorten the construction period, and reduce the comprehensive project cost.

[0070] Enhance adaptability: The "Thirteen Methods" can cope with complex geological conditions and changing construction environments. For example, the curve adjustment method is applicable to the situation where the working surface space is limited, improving the construction efficiency. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0071] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the operation of the drilling jumbo of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hole layout design of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the coincidence method of drawing rod lines of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the angle parallel method of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the water drop angle method of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the seven-sided six-slope one-control method of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0077] Next, in combination with the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0078] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, a smooth blasting drilling method based on the three-precision, four-control, and thirteen-methods.

[0079] Embodiment 1: Implementation of the smooth blasting drilling method based on the three-precision, four-control, and thirteen-methods

[0080] Combined with Figure 1 (Schematic diagram of the operation of the drilling jumbo) and Figure 2 (Hole layout design drawing) to illustrate:

[0081] Step 1: Construction preparation and reference positioning

[0082] Set a longitudinal reference line on the tunnel face, arrange a laser guiding instrument along the tunnel axis, and project seven direction lines (including the arch waist lines on both sides and the guiding lines in the transition area);

[0083] Use a geological radar to detect the surrounding rock grade, and set the initial spacing of the peripheral holes to 50 cm according to the parameters of grade IV surrounding rock (extended to 60 - 75 cm in the case of hard rock);

[0084] Install a dual-axis inclination sensor (accuracy ±0.1°) on the propulsion beam of the rock drilling jumbo, and calibrate the laser positioning device to align with the reference line.

[0085] Step 2: Implementation of the "three-precision" operation

[0086] Exquisite operation:

[0087] When the operator starts the jumbo, maintain the straightness of the drill pipe through a pressure control strategy (oil pressure controlled at 12 - 15 MPa), and the error between the drill bit and the hole layout point is ≤2 mm;

[0088] Mark the hole depth on the rock drill (for example, mark a red ring for a 3 m hole length) to ensure that the height difference of the bottom planes of the same type of cut holes is ≤3 cm;

[0089] Adopt the "water droplet angle method": Set a water droplet-shaped angle scale (angle tolerance ±0.5°) on the drill pipe sheath to ensure the parallelism of adjacent holes.

[0090] Accurate hole layout:

[0091] The bottom holes are arranged with a 35° downward inclination angle, the hole mouth spacing is 40 cm, and the hole bottom spacing is reduced to 28 cm (reduced by 30%) to eliminate the clamping effect at the bottom corner;

[0092] The wedge-shaped cut holes are arranged in a V shape with an included angle of 65°, the hole depth is 3.5 m, and the diameter of the relief hole is enlarged to 102 mm;

[0093] The second perimeter holes and the main perimeter holes form "double perimeter control", and the spacing gradient is set as: 70 cm at the vault and 55 cm at the side walls.

[0094] Precision drilling:

[0095] Install a laser guiding line along the seven-direction line, equip the drill pipe with an optoelectronic inductor, and real-time feedback the offset to the console;

[0096] Six gradient lines are set by an inclinometer. For example, the gradient of the perimeter holes on the side walls is controlled at 1:0.75 with an error ≤ 0.5°.

[0097] Step 3: "Four-control" quality closed-loop management

[0098] Side wall straightness control:

[0099] Adopt the rod-line coincidence method: Mark a red reference ring on the drill pipe sheath, and the allowable deviation ≤ 1 mm when it coincides with the preset steel wire line;

[0100] Sheath observation method: Capture the included angle between the sheath and the rock surface through the trolley camera, and the overbreak and underbreak amounts are displayed on the operation interface in real time.

[0101] Cross-section profile forming control:

[0102] Double cross-section control method: Preset two layers of contour lines, the inner layer line is the designed contour, and the outer layer line is the overbreak warning line (spacing 15 cm) on the blasting surface;

[0103] Curve adjustment method: In the tunnel turning section, use an adjustable curvature bracket to fix the drill pipe to adapt to the construction of the curve section with a radius ≥ 30 m.

[0104] Cut quality control:

[0105] Elevation angle water control method: Set a 4° elevation angle for the cut holes, and the elevation difference between the hole bottom and the hole mouth is calculated as Δh = L × sin4° (L is the hole depth) to form a natural drainage gradient;

[0106] Reference positioning method: Insert a positioning rod into the formed cut hole as the angle reference for subsequent drilling.

[0107] Step 4: System coordination and effect verification

[0108] After each cycle of drilling is completed, scan the blasting surface through an infrared ranging array to generate a three-dimensional point cloud model, and calculate the overbreak rate ≤ 3%;

[0109] Dynamically compensate the parameters of the next cycle according to the semi-hole retention rate (required ≥ 85%): If the retention rate is insufficient, automatically reduce the perimeter hole spacing by 5% - 8%;

[0110] When the geological interface warning unit monitors a sudden change in the drilling resistance (such as a sudden drop from 120 MPa to 80 MPa), immediately adjust the subsequent hole spacing to increase by 10%.

[0111] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smooth blasting drilling method based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods, characterized in that: include: Improve drilling foundation through "three precisions": Exquisite operation: Execute the trolley operation specifications including the five elements of accuracy, straightness, alignment, flatness and evenness, and use the water drop angle method and double width control method to achieve parallelism between holes; Accurate hole arrangement: dynamically adjust the peripheral hole spacing based on rock conditions, use the double peripheral control method to arrange the second peripheral holes, and set the wedge-shaped cutting parameters; Precision drilling: The hole position parameters are controlled through a spatial guidance system with seven direction lines, six slope lines and one control line; Implement quality control through "four controls": Control of the hole line rate around the side wall: adopt the pole-line coincidence method, angle parallel method, hole reference method, and sheath observation method; Width profile shaping control: using double width control method, water drop angle method, half hole comparison method, visual dislocation observation method, curve adjustment method; Grooving quality control: using reference positioning method, spacing comparison method, elevation angle water control method, and no-movement drilling method; Control of other blasting hole spacing: implement coordinated adjustment of the spacing between the bottom hole, second stage hole, and second peripheral holes.

2. The smooth blasting drilling method based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods according to claim 1 is characterized by: The exquisite operation specifically includes: The thrust beam angle adjustment uses a pressure control strategy to maintain the straightness of the drill pipe; Setting the rock drill depth mark according to the hole length enables the bottom of the same type of holes to be coplanar; Use the water drop angle method to ensure parallelism between holes; The blasting holes adjacent to the light explosion layer are arranged uniformly by the resistance line.

3. The smooth blasting drilling method based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods according to claim 1 is characterized by: The precise hole arrangement includes: The peripheral hole spacing is set with a gradient adjustment threshold according to the surrounding rock grade, and the spacing is extended to 1.2-1.5 times the traditional value under hard rock conditions; The bottom hole layout adopts a downward inclination angle of 30°-45°, and the hole mouth spacing is reduced by 20%-30% compared with the hole bottom spacing; The wedge-shaped cutout hole arrangement includes a V-shaped arrangement structure with an intersection angle of 60°-75°.

4. The smooth blasting drilling method based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods according to claim 1 is characterized by: The seven direction lines of the precision drilling include: A longitudinal reference line set along the tunnel axis; Auxiliary positioning lines symmetrically distributed on both sides of the arch waist; Guide line of the transition area where the vault connects to the side walls.

5. The smooth blasting drilling method based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods according to claim 1 is characterized by: The elevation angle water control method is specifically as follows: An elevation gradient of 3°-5° is set for the slot holes to form an elevation difference drainage channel in the hole depth direction.

6. A smooth blasting drilling system based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods, characterized in that: include: Intelligent trolley control module, integrated with dual-axis inclination sensor and laser positioning device; 3D hole planning module with built-in spacing adjustment algorithm that is adaptive to rock conditions; The drilling quality monitoring module includes a hole depth metering device and a hole position deviation detection unit; Among them, the intelligent trolley control module is linked with the seven-direction line guidance system to realize the automatic alignment operation of the drill rod.

7. The smooth blasting drilling system based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods according to claim 6 is characterized by: The quality monitoring module is configured as follows: Binocular vision recognition unit, used to capture the overlap between the sheath and the pole line; Infrared ranging array monitors the overall flatness of the drilling group in real time.

8. The smooth blasting drilling system based on three precisions, four controls and thirteen methods according to claim 6 is characterized by: The three-dimensional hole layout planning module includes: Dynamic compensation algorithm automatically corrects hole position parameters according to the blasting effect of the previous cycle; The geological interface early warning unit adjusts the hole spacing in real time based on changes in drilling resistance.

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