Normal-temperature heat source heat engine and normal-temperature heat source power generation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the related field of new energy heat engines, which comprises an expansion system, a compression system and a heat source heat exchange assembly, and the expansion system comprises a booster pump, a low-heating-power energy efficiency medium storage tank, an expansion high-temperature circulating heat exchanger, an expansion low-temperature circulating heat exchanger and an expansion machine generator set; the compression system comprises a high-thermal-power energy-efficiency medium storage tank, a throttle valve, a compression high-temperature circulating heat exchanger, a compression low-temperature circulating heat exchanger and a compressor; the expansion system and the compression system are subjected to gasification and condensation heat circulating exchange through the circulating heat exchangers; the heat source heat exchange assembly comprises a heat source heat exchanger and a heat cycle controller, absorbs heat energy in a normal-temperature heat source, enables expansion work to be larger than compression work and outputs work difference by using thermal performance difference between two media with similar gasification temperatures. Medium and low temperature heat energy is adopted to replace fuel, the problems of carbon emission, environmental pollution and the like caused by fuel combustion are solved, meanwhile, dependence on conventional energy is reduced, and the production cost is further reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy heat engines, and specifically provides a heat engine using a normal temperature heat source and a power generation method using a normal temperature heat source. Background Art

[0002] Most existing heat engines and generators utilize the heat generated by burning fuels to increase the expansion energy of a medium and convert the expansion energy into mechanical energy and electrical energy. They are mainly divided into two categories: isobaric expansion work and isochoric expansion work. Their common working principle is to pressurize the medium and cause the medium to heat up and expand. The expansion energy generated after the medium heats up does work externally, and this work process is carried out continuously or cyclically to continuously output electrical energy. Their main drawback is that various fuels need to be used, causing the atmospheric temperature to rise and posing an irreversible harm to the Earth's environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above deficiencies and provide a heat engine using a normal temperature heat source and a power generation method using a normal temperature heat source.

[0004] The present invention provides a heat engine using a normal temperature heat source, specifically a heat engine with two media, gas-liquid two-phase, dual-cycle work difference output, and heating amount equal to output momentum. It includes an expansion system, a compression system, and a heat source heat exchange component. The expansion system includes a pressure pump, a low thermal efficiency medium storage tank, an expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, an expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger, and an expansion engine generator set; the compression system includes a high thermal efficiency medium storage tank, a throttle valve, a compression high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, a compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger, and a compressor; the heat source heat exchange component includes a heat cycle controller and a heat source heat exchanger, and the heat source heat exchange component is connected to the compression system or the expansion system to absorb the thermal energy of an external heat source; the expansion system and the compression system perform gasification heat and condensation heat cycle exchanges through a cycle heat exchanger; during the two-medium thermal cycle process, the gasification heat and condensation heat of the two media are cross-exchanged under a low temperature difference state. The low thermal efficiency medium is pressurized and gasified to obtain a relatively high expansion energy, and the compression work of the high thermal efficiency medium gas with equal heat exchange amount is relatively small. Theoretically, the difference between the expansion work and the compression work minus the work of the pressure pump is the work output by the heat engine to the outside. The kinetic energy or electrical energy output by the heat engine is equal to the thermal energy of the heat source absorbed by the heat engine. If the heat absorption temperature of the heat source heat exchanger is controlled below normal temperature, then normal temperature air or water can be used as the energy source.

[0005] In the expansion system, the low thermal energy efficiency medium is placed in the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank. The liquid outlet of the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the pressure pump. The liquid outlet of the pressure pump is connected to the liquid inlet of the expansion loop of the expansion low-temperature heat exchanger. The gaseous medium flowing out of the gas outlet of the expansion loop of the expansion low-temperature heat exchanger enters the expansion engine generator set to drive the expansion engine generator set to generate electricity. The gas outlet of the expansion engine generator set is connected to the gas inlet of the expansion high-temperature heat exchanger. The liquid outlet of the expansion high-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank.

[0006] In the compression system, the high thermal energy efficiency medium is placed in the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas outlet of the compressor is connected to the gas inlet of the compression high-temperature heat exchanger. The liquid outlet of the compression high-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank. The liquid inlet of the throttle valve is placed in the medium in the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank. The liquid outlet of the throttle valve is connected to the inlet of the compression low-temperature heat exchanger. The gas outlet of the compression low-temperature heat exchanger is connected to the gas inlet of the compressor. The gas outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank.

[0007] In the heat source heat exchange component, the heat cycle controller is arranged inside the heat source heat exchanger. When the heat source heat exchange component is connected to the expansion system, due to the different temperatures at each part of the expansion system closed loop, a suitable temperature zone can be selected to connect the heat source heat exchange component. The suitable temperature zone can be before the expansion engine or after the expansion engine. Connecting before the expansion engine is pre-heating, and connecting after the expansion engine is post-heating. Post-heating will slightly increase the power consumption of the compression system. When the heat source heat exchanger is connected to the compression system, due to the different temperatures at each part of the compression system closed loop, a suitable temperature zone can be selected to connect the heat source heat exchange component. The suitable temperature zone can be before the compressor or after the compressor. Connecting before the compressor is pre-heating, and connecting after the compressor is post-heating. Post-heating will slightly increase the circulation volume of the high thermal energy efficiency medium.

[0008] If the molecular weight of the medium is represented by X and the heat of vaporization is represented by H, then their product XH is the thermal energy efficiency of the medium under one atmosphere. Different media will have different products, some are similar, and some differ greatly. Examples of pairs of media with similar vaporization temperatures and significantly different thermal energy efficiency coefficients XH are: 1. Pentafluoropropane, vaporization temperature at 1 atm is 14.3 °C, XH is 19698 Cyclobutane, vaporization temperature at 1 atm is 12.5 °C, XH is 23912 2. Tetrafluoroethylene r134, vaporization temperature at 1 atm is -25.7 °C, XH is 21600 Trifluorochloroethylene, vaporization temperature at 1 atm is -27.85 °C, XH is 15704 3. Vaporization temperature of hexafluoropropane at 1 atm: -1.4 °C, XH 24381 Vaporization temperature of trifluorobromoethylene at 1 atm: -2.5 °C, XH 19642 4. Vaporization temperature of nitrogen dioxide at 1 atm: 21 °C, XH 24667 Vaporization temperature of pentafluoropropane r245fa at 1 atm: 14.3 °C, XH 19698 5. Vaporization temperature of dinitrogen trioxide at 1 atm: 2 °C, XH 39368 Vaporization temperature of trifluorobromoethylene at 1 atm: -2.5 °C, XH 19642 Single media, azeotropic mixtures or multi-component non-azeotropic media such as etc. can also be paired up.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for generating electricity from a heat source at normal temperature: by utilizing the thermal performance difference between two media with similar vaporization temperatures, making the expansion work greater than the compression work and outputting the work difference, and the heating amount being equal to the output electricity.

[0010] The specific method for connecting the heat source heat exchange component before the compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the compression system is as follows: First, select a medium group according to the heat source temperature. Use the medium with lower thermal performance in the medium group as the expansion medium for liquid pressurization, heat absorption and vaporization, and the medium with higher thermal performance as the compression medium for gas compression, heat release and condensation liquefaction. Under the state where the central temperatures of the two systems are quite the same, the temperature difference of the compression system is greater than that of the expansion system, so that the vaporization heat and condensation heat are cross-exchanged equally between the two media; the difference between the expansion work and the compression work minus the work for liquid pressurization is the output work of the heat engine, and the heat difference between the two systems is supplemented by external heating, and the heating amount is equal to the output electricity; if the external heating temperature is selected below normal temperature, then normal temperature air or water can be used as the energy source, and its working method is as follows: Working method of the expansion system: The medium with low thermal energy efficiency is placed in the storage tank of the medium with low thermal energy efficiency. The liquid medium is sucked out from the storage tank of the medium with low thermal energy efficiency through a pressure pump and pressurized. The high-pressure and low-temperature liquid medium enters the expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger, exchanges heat and vaporizes with the high-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the compression system, then enters the expansion machine generator set. The expansion machine drives the generator to generate electricity. The low-pressure gaseous medium flowing out of the expansion machine flows into the expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, exchanges heat and liquefies with the low-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the compression system, and then flows into the storage tank of the medium with low thermal energy efficiency, and the expansion system completes a cycle operation.

[0011] Specifically, it includes two stages: One is the preparation stage: First step, vacuum-inject the medium with low thermal energy efficiency of the expansion system (simultaneously vacuum-inject the medium with low thermal energy efficiency of the compression system), connect the present invention to an external power source to provide the power required for starting the present invention; Second step: Start the pressure pump, and the expansion system is in the startup and operation stage (the compression system starts synchronously). Third step: According to the operating conditions of the present invention, adjust the temperature, pressure parameters, etc. of the liquid medium in the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank to the set values, and start the heat circulation controller. When the power generation of the system is greater than the power consumption, it automatically switches to self-power supply, and the system enters the normal working stage. Second is the normal working stage: First step: The pressure pump sucks out the liquid medium from the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank and pressurizes it. Adjusting the flow rate of the pressure pump can adjust the flow rate output. Second step: The high-pressure liquid low thermal energy efficiency medium enters the expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the high-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the compression system. While it is liquefied and releases heat, the low thermal energy efficiency medium absorbs enough heat to gasify and expand, becoming a high-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium. Third step: The high-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium enters the expansion engine generator set to drive the expansion engine generator set to generate electricity or output power simultaneously. Fourth step: The low-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium flows out from the outlet of the expansion engine generator set and enters the expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the high-thermal energy efficiency medium liquid in the low-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the compression system to gasify it. At the same time, after releasing heat itself, it becomes a low-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium. Fifth step: The low-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium that is isentropic to the medium in the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank returns to the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, thus realizing the isentropic cycle of the low thermal energy efficiency medium.

[0012] The working method of the compression system: The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous high-thermal energy efficiency medium flowing out from the high-temperature and high-pressure gas outlet of the compressor passes through the compression high-temperature cycle heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the low thermal energy efficiency medium liquid in the low-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the expansion system to gasify it. At the same time, after releasing heat itself, it becomes a high-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium and flows into the high-thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank. The throttle valve with the inlet placed in the high-energy efficiency medium storage tank adjusts the outflow rate of the medium in the high-energy efficiency medium storage tank. The high-energy efficiency liquid medium after flow rate adjustment enters the normal temperature heat source heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the normal temperature heat source. The heat exchange amount is equal to the output work of the heat engine, and the heat exchange amount is controlled by the heat circulation controller. The preliminarily enthalpy-increased liquid flowing out from the outlet of the normal temperature heat source heat exchanger enters the compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the low-pressure and high-enthalpy low thermal energy efficiency medium gas in the high-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the expansion system to liquefy it. At the same time, after absorbing heat itself, it becomes a low-pressure and high-enthalpy gas medium and is sucked into the inlet of the compressor, completing a compression cycle.

[0013] Specifically include: First step: Start the compressor. The gaseous high-thermal-efficiency medium flows out from the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the compressor and enters the compression high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the low-thermal-efficiency medium liquid in the expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger to vaporize it. At the same time, after releasing heat itself, it becomes a high-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium and flows into the medium storage tank. Second step: Import the throttle valve placed in the high-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank to adjust the flow rate of the medium in the high-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank to maintain the thermal balance of the two systems. Third step: The high-thermal-efficiency liquid medium after the flow rate adjustment by the throttle valve enters the ambient heat source heat exchanger to exchange heat with the ambient heat source. The heat exchange amount is equal to the output of the heat engine. The heat exchange amount is regulated by the heat cycle controller, and adjusting the heat cycle controller can adjust the output of the present invention. Fourth step: The high-thermal-efficiency medium of the preliminarily enthalpy-increased liquid enters the compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the low-thermal-efficiency medium gas in the expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger to liquefy it. At the same time, after absorbing heat itself, it becomes a low-pressure and high-enthalpy gas medium and is sucked into the intake port of the compressor, completing a heat exchange cycle of the medium.

[0014] The principle of the specific power generation method in which the heat source heat exchange component is connected to other positions of the expansion system or the compression system is the same and will not be elaborated here.

[0015] When shutting down the system, just cut off the power supplies of the compressor, the heat cycle controller, and the pressure pump successively.

[0016] The present invention uses ambient air or water, or other medium- and low-temperature heat energies to replace fuel, solves the problems of carbon emissions and environmental pollution caused by fuel combustion, reduces the dependence on conventional energy at the same time, further reduces production costs, and expands the living space of mankind. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural principle diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Wherein: 1 - heat cycle controller, 2 - ambient heat source heat exchanger, 3 - throttle valve, 4 - low-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank, 5 - high-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank, 6 - pressure pump, 7 - expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger, 8 - compression high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, 9 - expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger, 10 - compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger, 11 - expansion machine generator set, 12 - compressor. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] The working principle and technical features of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings are drawn in a simplified icon-based form, with some enlarged and specified parts, only for the convenience of drawing and clearly assisting in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention. All the icons in the drawings are a professional product, with classification and sequence, and there are national standards or enterprise standards, and only the selection is required. For example, the pressure pump 6 can be a plunger pump, a centrifugal pump, a vane pump, a gear pump, etc., as long as it meets the requirements of pressure, flow rate and other indicators for selection; for example, the heat exchanger includes a double-pipe type, a fin type, a special-shaped plate type, a heat pipe type, etc.; the compressor 12 can be a piston machine, a scroll machine, a rotor machine, etc.; the expansion machine generator set 11 is composed of an expansion machine and a generator. The expansion machine can be a steam turbine, a piston machine, a rotor machine, etc., and the generator can be direct current or alternating current; the heat cycle controller is mainly a fan in gas and mainly a pump in liquid; all motors are adjustable speed.

[0020] The efficiency of the compressor 12 should be above 80% - 92%, and the efficiency of the low-pressure expansion machine should be above 80% - 92%. The medium has a very large thermal conductivity during the condensation and vaporization stages, and a very large heat transfer can be achieved with a very small temperature difference. For example, for a heat pipe using this principle, the thermal conductivity can reach 100,000 W / mK. Among the discovered media, no two physical properties are exactly the same, and the same is true for thermophysical properties. Under the example conditions of this embodiment, the product of the efficiency of the applied compressor 12 and the efficiency of the expansion machine generator set 11 must be greater than the ratio of the thermo-energy efficiency coefficients XH of the two media. The ratio of the thermo-energy efficiency coefficients XH of the two media is obtained by dividing the lower value of the thermo-energy efficiency coefficient XH by the higher value of the thermo-energy efficiency coefficient XH, and leaving a large margin. Only then will this embodiment have a large output.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is described as "communicating with" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "disposed on" another component, it can be directly disposed on the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. The terms "high enthalpy", "low enthalpy", "high thermo-energy efficiency medium", "low thermo-energy efficiency medium", etc. and similar expressions are only for the purpose of explaining relative values; all the numerical values and calculations in this embodiment are not limit values or all values, but only help to understand this embodiment: Unless otherwise defined, all the technical and scientific terms used in this embodiment have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise stated. The terms used in this embodiment are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] All the medium technical parameters in this embodiment are obtained from Matheson Gas Data Handbook, Industrial Gas Handbook, Compressed Gas Handbook, Heat Pump Technology Handbook, etc. Some of the data are rough data obtained by decomposing the curve graph, which are not accurate enough, but still within the acceptable error range.

[0023] A heat engine with a normal-temperature heat source provided in this embodiment has the structure shown in the figure and includes an expansion system and a compression system. The heat source heat exchange component is placed in the compression system. The circulating heat exchanger exchanges the condensation heat and vaporization heat between the two systems. The normal-temperature heat source heat exchanger absorbs the heat energy in the air at about 25°C. The expansion system includes a low-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 4, a pressure pump 6, an expansion low-temperature circulating heat exchanger 7, an expansion high-temperature circulating heat exchanger 9, and an expansion engine generator set 11. The low-thermal-efficiency medium is r245fa. The liquid outlet of the low-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 4 is connected to the liquid inlet of the pressure pump 6. The liquid outlet of the pressure pump 6 is connected to the liquid inlet of the expansion low-temperature circulating heat exchanger 7. The gaseous medium flowing out of the gas outlet of the expansion low-temperature circulating heat exchanger 7 enters the expansion engine generator set 11 to drive the expansion engine generator set 11 to generate electricity. The gas outlet of the expansion engine generator set 11 is connected to the gas inlet of the expansion high-temperature circulating heat exchanger 9. The medium liquid outlet of the expansion high-temperature circulating heat exchanger 9 is connected to the liquid inlet of the low-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 4. The compression system includes a heat cycle controller 1, a normal-temperature heat source heat exchanger 2, a throttle valve 3, a high-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 5, a compression high-temperature circulating heat exchanger 8, a compression low-temperature circulating heat exchanger 10, and a compressor 12. The high-thermal-efficiency medium is dinitrogen tetroxide (nitrogen dioxide coexistence polymer). The high-temperature and high-pressure gas outlet of the compressor 12 is connected to the gas inlet of the compression high-temperature circulating heat exchanger 8. The low-temperature liquid outlet of the compression high-temperature circulating heat exchanger 8 is connected to the liquid inlet of the high-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 5. The bottom liquid outlet of the high-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 5 is connected to the liquid inlet of the throttle valve 3. The liquid outlet of the throttle valve 3 is connected to the normal-temperature heat source heat exchanger 2. The normal-temperature heat source heat exchanger 2 absorbs the heat energy in the air at about 25°C. The heat cycle controller 1 maintains continuous heat supply. The outlet of the normal-temperature heat source heat exchanger 2 is connected to the inlet of the compression low-temperature circulating heat exchanger 10. The gas outlet of the compression low-temperature circulating heat exchanger 10 is connected to the gas inlet of the compressor 12.

[0024] Assume that the selected medium vaporization temperature is approximately equal to the liquefaction temperature, and the central temperature of both systems is 22°C. The temperature change range of the compression system is 2°C larger than that of the expansion system. The relevant technical parameters of the medium in the expansion system are as follows: The low-thermal-efficiency medium selects refrigerant r245fa, 0.10175mp, the liquid density at 15°C is 1.365 kg / L, the liquid enthalpy is 219.58 kj / kg, the gas enthalpy is 416.21 kj / kg, XH 19698; The liquid density of refrigerant R245fa is 1.36 kg / L. When the liquid refrigerant R245fa is pressurized to 0.17278 MPa, the work consumption is approximately 0.052 kJ / kg. When heated to 29 °C, the gasification volume is 9.8207 kg / m³, that is, 101.8 L / kg. The liquid enthalpy is 219.5 kJ / kg, the gas enthalpy is 426.74 kJ / kg, and the heat absorption after pressurization is 207 kJ / kg. The system analysis flow rate is set to 1 kg / s.

[0025] The expansion energy can be divided into an isobaric part and an isochoric expansion: The isobaric part E1 = ΔPV = 0.07112 * 101.8 = 7.24 kJ / kg; The isochoric expansion E2 = ∫ΔPx ≈ 1.52 kJ / kg; E = 8.74 kJ / kg; Calculated at a conversion efficiency of 80%, the power or electric energy W that can be output per kg of refrigerant R245fa cycle is 7 kW; The working method of the expansion system includes two stages: One is the preparation stage: First step, vacuum inject the low thermal efficiency medium R245fa into the expansion system (synchronously vacuum inject the medium dinitrogen tetroxide into the compression system), connect this embodiment to an external power supply to provide the power required for starting the normal temperature heat source generator; Second step, start the pressure pump 6 to make the expansion system of the low thermal efficiency medium R245fa enter the starting and running stage (the compression system starts synchronously); Third step, adjust the temperature of the low thermal efficiency medium R245fa in the low thermal efficiency medium storage tank 4 to 15 °C and the pressure to 0.10175 MPa, and start the heat cycle controller. The power of the heat cycle controller is set to 0.1 kW. When the system power generation is greater than the power consumption, it automatically switches to self-power supply, and the system enters the normal working stage; The other is the normal working stage: First step, the pressure pump 6 sucks out the liquid low thermal efficiency medium R245fa from the low thermal efficiency medium storage tank 4 and pressurizes it to 0.17278 MPa. The pressure difference is 0.07112 MPa, the flow rate is set to 1 kg / s, the power of the pressure pump 6 is approximately 0.06 kW, and the liquid enthalpy is 220 kJ / kg. Adjusting the flow rate of the pressure pump 6 can adjust the output of the low thermal efficiency medium R245fa; In the second step, the pressurized low-thermal-efficiency medium r245fa in liquid state enters the expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger to exchange heat with the 30°C high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the high-temperature cycle heat exchanger of the compression system, causing it to liquefy while releasing heat, enabling the low-thermal-efficiency medium to absorb sufficient heat to vaporize and expand, becoming a high-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium. At a pressure of 0.17278 mp, when the vaporization temperature of the low-thermal-efficiency medium r245fa is 29°C, the gas enthalpy is 426.74 kj / kg, and when the superheat temperature is 30°C, it is approximately 427 kj / kg. The total heat exchange amount is 207 kj / kg; In the third step, the high-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous low-thermal-efficiency medium enters the expansion generator set 11 to drive the expansion generator set 11 to generate electricity, with the generated electricity being approximately 7 kw; In the fourth step, the low-thermal-efficiency medium r245fa in gaseous state with low pressure and high enthalpy flows out from the outlet of the expansion generator set 11 and enters the expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger 9 to exchange heat with the high-thermal-efficiency medium liquid in the compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger 10, causing it to vaporize. At the same time, after releasing heat itself, it becomes a low-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium, and the total heat exchange amount is approximately 200 kj / kg; In the fifth step, the low-thermal-efficiency medium r245fa in liquid state with low pressure and low enthalpy and isentropic to the medium in the low-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 4 returns to the low-thermal-efficiency medium storage tank 4, thus realizing the isentropic cycle of the low-thermal-efficiency medium r245fa.

[0026] The relevant technical parameters and characteristics of the compression system medium are as follows: The compression system medium selects dinitrogen tetroxide. Dinitrogen tetroxide (white) and nitrogen dioxide (brown) are copolymers. When solid, it is almost pure dinitrogen tetroxide. At 21°C, it contains approximately 1% nitrogen dioxide, at 27°C, it contains approximately 27% nitrogen dioxide, and at 150°C, it is almost pure nitrogen dioxide; The enthalpy of formation of the gas at 25°C: nitrogen dioxide is 33.2 kj / mol, and dinitrogen tetroxide is 9.16 kj / mol. It can be calculated that the standard reaction enthalpy for dinitrogen tetroxide to absorb heat and form nitrogen dioxide is 57.36 kj / mol, and nitrogen dioxide releases 57.36 kj / mol of heat when pressurized to form dinitrogen tetroxide. The theoretical heat of vaporization for dinitrogen tetroxide to vaporize into nitrogen dioxide is 623.8 kj / kg. The partial XH of dinitrogen tetroxide 49333 < the partial XH of nitrogen dioxide 53361. The thermal efficiency from the vaporization of liquid dinitrogen tetroxide to nitrogen dioxide gas is better than that from the vaporization of liquid dinitrogen tetroxide to dinitrogen tetroxide gas. In this embodiment, it is applied in the high-proportion dinitrogen tetroxide region, ignoring nitrogen dioxide with higher performance (the actual operation is a mixed process of physical phase change and chemical reversible reaction). The following is a conservative analysis based on dinitrogen tetroxide.

[0027] Gas density: at 1 atm and 21.1°C, it is 3.81 kg / m3, and the specific volume is 262 L / kg; Vaporization heat: 536.23 kJ / kg at the boiling point under 1 atm; Under a pressure of 0.0864 MPa, the vaporization temperature is 14 °C, and the volume is approximately 304 L / kg. Under a pressure of 0.12 MPa, the vaporization temperature is 30 °C, and the volume is approximately 220 L; The work required to isobarically compress 80% of 304 L of gas to 220 L with an efficiency of 9.5 kJ / kg; Circulation volume: The heat exchange required per cycle is 200 kJ, and 373 g of dinitrogen tetroxide with a vaporization heat of 536.23 kJ / kg is required as the isothermal circulation volume.

[0028] Power for cycle compression: Approximately 3.5 kW; Condensation heat and vaporization heat cross heat exchanger: The temperature difference is set to 1 °C. In the boiling and condensation different-plane heat exchange system, the heat transfer coefficient can reach 100,000 W / mK, which is 250 times that of copper. Therefore, the heat transfer capacity is limited by the wall thickness. For example, when the wall thickness is 1 mm and the material is copper, a heat exchange surface area of 0.55 square meters is required for a heat exchange of 220 kJ.

[0029] The working method of the compression system includes two stages: One is the preparation stage: Start the compressor 12, cool down the expansion system by compressing the low-temperature cycle heat exchanger 10, adjust the temperature of the medium r245fa in the low thermal efficiency medium storage tank 4 to 15 °C and the pressure to 0.10175 MPa. At the same time, the heat cycle controller 1 is also started. After the external power supply is switched to the internal power supply, it enters the normal stage.

[0030] The second is the normal working stage: The first step, the normal power consumption of the compressor 12 is about 3.5 kW. Gaseous dinitrogen tetroxide flows out from the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the compressor 12, with a pressure of 0.12 MPa and a superheated gas temperature of about 31 °C. It enters the compression high-temperature cycle heat exchanger 8 and exchanges heat with the liquid low thermal efficiency medium r245fa in the expansion low-temperature cycle heat exchanger 7 to vaporize it. The heat exchange amount is 207 kJ. At the same time, after releasing heat itself, it becomes high-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid dinitrogen tetroxide and flows into the high thermal efficiency medium storage tank 5; The second step, the throttle valve 3 with its inlet placed in the high thermal efficiency medium storage tank 5 adjusts the outflow rate of the medium dinitrogen tetroxide in the high thermal efficiency medium storage tank 5, controls it at about 373 g / s, and maintains the thermal balance of the two systems; The third step, the liquid dinitrogen tetroxide adjusted by the throttle valve 3 enters the normal-temperature heat source heat exchanger 2 and exchanges heat with the air at about 25 °C. The heat exchange amount is about 3.5 kJ / s, which is equal to the 3.5 kW output by the present invention to the heat cycle system outside. The heat exchange amount is controlled by the heat cycle controller 1. The power consumption of the heat cycle controller 1 is set to 0.1 kW, and its thermal balance is outside the system. Adjusting the rotation speed of the heat cycle controller 1 can adjust the output of this embodiment; In the fourth step, the preheated dinitrogen tetroxide enters the compression low-temperature cycle heat exchanger 10, where it exchanges heat with the low thermal efficiency medium r245fa in the expansion high-temperature cycle heat exchanger 9 to be liquefied. The heat exchange amount is 200 kj. At the same time, after absorbing heat itself, it becomes low-pressure high-enthalpy dinitrogen tetroxide gas, which is sucked into the intake port of the compressor 12 to enter the next cycle.

[0031] The motor output of the expansion system in this embodiment minus the consumption of this embodiment itself is the external output power of this embodiment, which is approximately 3.4 kw.

[0032] When shutting down the system, just cut off the power supplies of the compressor 12, the heat cycle controller 1, and the pressure pump 6 successively.

[0033] The above embodiments disclosed in the present invention are for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined in the present invention can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and creative features disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. The present invention provides a normal temperature heat source heat engine, specifically a dual-medium, gas-liquid two-phase, dual-cycle work difference output, and heat equal to output momentum heat engine, comprising expansion and compression systems and a heat source heat exchange component, the circulation heat exchanger is for exchanging condensation heat and vaporization heat between the expansion and compression systems, the expansion system comprises a booster pump, a low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, an expansion high temperature circulation heat exchanger, an expansion low temperature circulation heat exchanger, and an expander generator set; The compression system contains a high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, a throttle valve, a compression high temperature circulation heat exchanger, a compression low temperature circulation heat exchanger, and a compressor. The expansion system and the compression system exchange vaporization heat and condensation heat through the circulation heat exchanger. The heat source heat exchange component includes a heat source heat exchanger and a heat cycle controller, and the heat source heat exchange component is connected in a compression system or an expansion system.

2. A normal temperature heat source heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that In the expansion system, the low thermal energy efficiency medium is placed in a low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, the liquid outlet of the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank is connected with the liquid inlet of the booster pump, the liquid outlet of the booster pump is connected with the liquid inlet of the expansion circuit of the expansion low-temperature circulation heat exchanger, the gaseous medium flowing out of the air outlet of the expansion circuit of the expansion low-temperature circulation heat exchanger enters the expander generator set, drives the expander generator set to generate electricity, the air outlet of the expander generator set is connected with the air inlet of the expansion high-temperature circulation heat exchanger, and the liquid outlet of the expansion high-temperature circulation heat exchanger is connected with the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank.

3. A normal temperature heat source heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that In the compression system, a high thermal energy efficiency medium is placed in a high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, the high temperature and high pressure air outlet of the compressor is connected to the air inlet of the compression high temperature circulation heat exchanger, the liquid outlet of the compression high temperature circulation heat exchanger is connected to the liquid inlet of the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, the liquid inlet of the throttle valve is placed in the medium in the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, the liquid outlet of the throttle valve is connected to the inlet of the compression low temperature circulation heat exchanger, the air outlet of the compression low temperature circulation heat exchanger is connected to the air inlet of the compressor, and the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank.

4. A normal temperature heat source heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that In the heat source heat exchange component, the heat cycle controller is arranged inside the heat source heat exchanger, and the heat source heat exchange component is connected to the expansion system or the compression system to form a closed loop.

5. A method for generating electricity from a normal temperature heat source, characterized in that By utilizing the difference in thermal properties between the gas and liquid phases of two media with similar vaporization temperatures, the expansion work is greater than the compression work and the work difference is output, and the heating amount is equal to the output electricity.

6. A normal temperature heat source power generation method according to claim 5, characterized in that The specific method of connecting the heat source heat exchange component before the compression low-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the compression system is: first, select the medium group according to the heat source temperature, and use the medium with low thermal performance in the medium group as the expansion medium for liquid pressurization, heat absorption and vaporization, and the medium with high thermal performance as the compression medium for gas compression, heat release, condensation and liquefaction. When the center temperatures of the two systems are equivalent, the temperature difference of the compression system is greater than the temperature difference of the expansion system, so that the vaporization heat and condensation heat are cross-exchanged in equal amounts between the two media; the difference between the expansion work and the compression work minus the work of liquid pressurization is the output work of the heat engine, and the heat difference between the two systems is supplemented by external heating, and the heating amount is equal to the output work of the heat engine; if the external heating temperature is selected below room temperature, room temperature air or water can be used as energy.

7. A method for generating electricity at room temperature heat source according to claim 5, characterized in that The low thermal energy efficiency medium is placed in a low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, and the liquid medium is sucked out of the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank by a pressure pump and pressurized. The high-pressure and low-temperature liquid medium enters the expansion low-temperature circulation heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the high-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the compression system to vaporize and expand, and then enters the expander generator set. The expander drives the generator to generate electricity, and the low-pressure gaseous medium flowing out of the expander flows into the expansion high-temperature circulation heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the low-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the compression system to liquefy, and then flows into the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank. The expansion system completes a cycle operation.

8. A normal temperature heat source power generation method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous high-thermal energy-efficiency medium flowing out from the high-temperature and high-pressure outlet of the compressor passes through the compression high-temperature circulation heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the low-thermal energy-efficiency medium liquid in the low-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the expansion system to gasify it, and at the same time releases heat by itself to become a high-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium and flows into the high-thermal energy-efficiency medium storage tank. The throttle valve placed in the inlet of the high-energy-efficiency medium storage tank adjusts the outflow rate of the medium in the high-energy-efficiency medium storage tank. The high-energy-efficiency liquid medium with flow adjustment enters the normal temperature heat source heat energy exchanger to exchange heat with the normal temperature heat source. The heat exchange amount is equal to the output work of the heat engine. The heat exchange amount is controlled by the heat cycle controller. The initial enthalpy-rising liquid flowing out of the liquid outlet of the normal temperature heat source heat energy exchanger enters the compression low-temperature circulation heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the low-pressure, high-enthalpy, low-thermal energy-efficiency medium gas in the high-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the expansion system to liquefy it, and at the same time absorbs heat by itself to become a low-pressure and high-enthalpy gas medium and is sucked into the air inlet of the compressor to complete a compression cycle.

9. A method for generating electricity at room temperature heat source according to claim 6, characterized in that The working method of the expansion system specifically includes two stages: The first is the preparation stage: The first step is to vacuum-inject the low thermal energy efficiency medium of the expansion system (synchronously vacuum-inject the low thermal energy efficiency medium of the compression system), connect the present invention with an external power source, and provide the power required for starting the present invention; The second step is to start the booster pump, and the expansion system is in the startup operation stage (the compression system is started synchronously); The third step is to adjust the temperature and pressure parameters of the liquid medium in the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank to the set values ​​according to the use conditions of the present invention, and start the thermal cycle controller. When the power generation of the system is greater than the power consumption, it automatically switches to self-power supply, and the system enters the normal working stage; The second is the normal working stage: In the first step, the booster pump sucks the liquid medium from the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank and pressurizes it. The output can be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the booster pump; In the second step, the high-pressure liquid medium with low thermal energy efficiency enters the expansion low-temperature circulation heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the high-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the compression system, so that the medium is liquefied and releases heat at the same time, so that the medium with low thermal energy efficiency absorbs enough heat to vaporize and expand, and becomes a high-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium; In the third step, the high-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium enters the expander generator set to drive the expander generator set to generate electricity or output power at the same time; In the fourth step, the low-pressure and high-enthalpy gaseous medium flows out from the outlet of the expander generator set and enters the expansion high-temperature circulation heat exchanger, and exchanges heat with the high-thermal energy-efficient medium liquid in the low-temperature circulation heat exchanger of the compression system to gasify it, and at the same time releases heat to become a low-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium; In the fifth step, the low-pressure and low-enthalpy liquid medium that is isentropic with the medium in the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank is returned to the low thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank, thereby realizing the isentropic cycle of the low thermal energy efficiency medium.

10. A normal temperature heat source power generation method according to claim 6, characterized in that The working method of the compression system specifically includes: The first step is to start the compressor, and the gaseous high thermal energy efficiency medium flows out from the high temperature and high pressure outlet of the compressor, enters the compression high temperature circulation heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the low thermal energy efficiency medium liquid in the expansion low temperature circulation heat exchanger to gasify it, and at the same time releases heat itself to become a high pressure and low enthalpy liquid medium and flows into the medium storage tank; The second step is to place a throttle valve in the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank at the inlet to adjust the flow rate of the medium in the high thermal energy efficiency medium storage tank to maintain the thermal balance of the two systems; In the third step, the high thermal energy efficiency liquid medium, which has been regulated by the throttle valve flow rate, enters the normal temperature heat source heat energy exchanger to exchange heat with the normal temperature heat source, and the heat exchange amount is equal to the output of the heat engine. The heat exchange amount is controlled by the heat cycle controller, and the output of the present invention can be adjusted by adjusting the heat cycle controller; In the fourth step, the high thermal energy efficiency medium with initial enthalpy rise liquid enters the compression low-temperature circulation heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the low thermal energy efficiency medium gas in the expansion high-temperature circulation heat exchanger to liquefy it, and at the same time absorbs heat itself to become a low-pressure and high-enthalpy gas medium, which is sucked into the air inlet of the compressor, completing a heat exchange cycle of the medium.

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