A fine cutting control method and device based on laser energy and spot regulation

Abstract

The present invention relates to image data analysis technology, and discloses a fine cutting control method and device based on laser energy and spot regulation, including: calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters of the cutting material, obtaining the incision image data of cutting the material according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width, calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data, determining whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, if the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, then adjusting the spot width according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, obtaining the incision image data when cutting the material according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, and then returning to the step of calculating the incision neatness, otherwise confirming that the incision neatness meets the requirements, and performing fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and the preset cutting path. The present invention can improve the quality of laser cutting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of image data analysis, and particularly to a fine cutting control method and device based on laser energy and spot regulation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern industrial manufacturing, laser cutting technology is widely used in many key industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and electronic device production due to its significant advantages such as high precision, non-contact processing, and flexible cutting of complex shapes.

[0003] However, the current laser cutting technology still faces many problems to be solved in achieving fine cutting. On the one hand, it is difficult to accurately regulate laser energy. For materials to be cut with different materials, due to huge differences in physical properties such as hardness, thermal conductivity, melting point, and absorption rate of laser wavelength, it is difficult to accurately match the appropriate laser energy density during the cutting process. If the energy density is too low, it may cause incomplete cutting of the material and situations such as incision adhesion; if the energy density is too high, it will cause excessive melting of the material, resulting in rough incisions and too large heat-affected areas, seriously affecting the cutting quality and processing accuracy. On the other hand, the regulation of the spot width is not precise and efficient enough. As a key factor determining the area size of the laser acting on the material, the spot width has a direct and important impact on the cutting effect. The existing spot regulation methods are difficult to quickly and accurately adjust according to the physical parameters of the material and the real-time cutting situation, and cannot meet the fine cutting requirements of different cutting materials. In addition, during the actual cutting process, there is a lack of a systematic and perfect method to comprehensively consider the synergistic effect of laser energy and spot width to achieve fine control of the cutting process, resulting in the cutting efficiency and quality being difficult to be effectively improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a fine cutting control method, system, device and medium based on laser energy and spot regulation, and its main purpose is to solve the problem that the existing laser cutting method cannot regulate the laser energy density and spot width in real time according to the physical parameters of the material, thereby resulting in low cutting quality.

[0005] To achieve the above object, a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by the present invention includes:

[0006] Optionally, calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters includes:

[0007] Obtaining the hardness data, thermal conductivity data, melting point data, and absorption rate data included in the physical parameters;

[0008] Calculate the main term of energy density based on the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and the preset first calibration index and second calibration index;

[0009] Perform a logarithmic operation based on the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, and the preset weight parameter to obtain a logarithmic correction term;

[0010] Perform an exponential operation based on the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and the preset growth control parameter to obtain an exponential coupling factor;

[0011] Calculate the square root of the ratio of the hardness data and the thermal conductivity data, and calculate an intensity suppression term based on the square root and the preset intensity suppression parameter;

[0012] Calculate the ratio of the exponential coupling factor to the intensity suppression term to obtain an energy density suppression term;

[0013] Perform a multiplication operation based on the main term of energy density, the logarithmic correction term, the energy density suppression term, and the preset proportionality constant to obtain the laser energy density.

[0014] Optionally, the calculation formula of the laser energy density is as follows: Wherein, is the laser energy density, is the preset proportionality constant, is the hardness data, is the melting point data, is the absorption rate data, is the thermal conductivity data, is the first calibration index calculated in advance, is the second calibration index calculated in advance, is the preset weight parameter, is the preset growth control parameter, is the preset intensity suppression parameter.

[0015] Optionally, the obtaining of the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width includes:

[0016] Obtain the initial incision image data of the material to be cut;

[0017] Obtain the incision thermal imaging data of the material to be cut;

[0018] Perform filtering processing on the initial incision image data according to the pre-obtained laser wavelength data to obtain filtered image data;

[0019] Extract the incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation;

[0020] Perform weighted fusion on the incision edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the incision image data.

[0021] Optionally, calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data includes:

[0022] Convert the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain first incision edge coordinate data and second incision edge coordinate data;

[0023] Calculate the average ordinate of the first incision edge coordinate data and the second incision edge coordinate data to obtain a first average ordinate and a second average ordinate;

[0024] Calculate the incision neatness according to the first incision edge coordinate data, the second incision edge coordinate data, the first average ordinate and the second average ordinate.

[0025] Optionally, the calculation formula of the incision neatness is as follows: Wherein, is the incision neatness, is the sample number of the first incision edge coordinate data, represents the th coordinate data ordinate in the first incision edge coordinate data, is the first average ordinate, represents the th coordinate data ordinate in the second incision edge coordinate data, is the second average ordinate.

[0026] Optionally, calculating the adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness includes:

[0027] Calculate the neatness deviation value according to the incision neatness and the neatness threshold;

[0028] Perform a logarithmic operation on the neatness deviation value, calculate the ratio of the logarithmic operation result to the incision neatness to obtain a neatness deviation weight term;

[0029] Perform an exponential operation on the spot width according to the difference between the incision neatness and the neatness threshold to obtain an exponential operation result;

[0030] Calculate the sum of the exponential budget result and the spot width, calculate the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, and multiply the calculated ratio by a preset step constraint weight to obtain an exponential weight term;

[0031] After summing the neatness deviation weight term and the exponential weight term, an adjustment step size is obtained.

[0032] Optionally, the calculation formula of the adjustment step size is as follows: Wherein, is the adjustment step size, is the incision neatness, is the neatness threshold, is the spot width, is the laser energy density, is a preset step size constraint weight.

[0033] Optionally, the adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step size includes:

[0034] Calculating a ratio of the laser energy density to the spot width to obtain a ratio factor;

[0035] Determining whether the ratio factor is greater than a preset ratio threshold;

[0036] If the ratio factor is greater than the ratio threshold, adding the spot width and the adjustment step size to obtain an adjusted spot width;

[0037] If the ratio factor is less than or equal to the ratio threshold, subtracting the adjustment step size from the spot width to obtain an adjusted spot width.

[0038] To solve the above problems, the present invention also provides a cutting fine control device based on laser energy and spot regulation, the device includes:

[0039] A laser energy density calculation module, configured to obtain physical parameters of a material to be cut, and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters;

[0040] An image data acquisition module, configured to acquire incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width;

[0041] An incision neatness calculation module, configured to calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data;

[0042] A parameter adjustment module, configured to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, calculate an adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step, and after obtaining incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to the step of calculating the incision neatness in the incision neatness calculation module according to the incision image data;

[0043] A fine cutting module, configured to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, confirm that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and perform fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining physical parameters of the material to be cut, calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters, obtaining incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width, calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data, determining whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, if the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, calculating an adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step, and after obtaining incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, returning to the step of calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data, if the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, confirming that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and performing fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path. Therefore, the cutting fine control method and device based on laser energy and spot regulation proposed by the present invention can solve the problem that the existing laser cutting method cannot adjust the laser energy density and spot width in real time according to the physical parameters of the material, resulting in low cutting quality. Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a functional module diagram of a cutting fine control device based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] The realization, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed implementation manners

[0048] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0049] An embodiment of the present application provides a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation. The execution subject of the fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation includes, but is not limited to, at least one of electronic devices such as a server, a terminal, etc. that can be configured to execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application. In other words, the fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation can be executed by software or hardware installed on a terminal device or a server device, and the software can be a blockchain platform. The server includes, but is not limited to: a single server, a server cluster, a cloud server or a cloud server cluster, etc. The server can be an independent server or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communications, middleware services, domain name services, security services, Content Delivery Network (CDN), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0050] Referring to Figure 1 As shown, it is a schematic flowchart of a fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation includes:

[0051] S1. Obtain the physical parameters of the material to be cut, and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention, the physical parameters may include hardness, thermal conductivity, melting point, and absorptivity.

[0053] Specifically, the hardness directly affects the difficulty of laser penetration and cutting. Harder materials may require higher energy density to achieve effective cutting.

[0054] Specifically, the thermal conductivity determines the speed of heat transfer of the material under the action of laser. For materials with high thermal conductivity, it is relatively difficult to accumulate laser energy in the cutting area, and the energy density needs to be accurately matched during cutting to prevent incomplete cutting caused by excessive heat dissipation.

[0055] Specifically, the determination of the melting point helps to set the upper limit of laser energy to prevent problems such as incision adhesion and roughness caused by excessive melting of the material.

[0056] Specifically, the absorption rate refers to the absorption ability of the material to be cut with respect to the laser wavelength. Different materials have different absorption rates for lasers with different wavelengths.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters includes:

[0058] Obtaining the hardness data, thermal conductivity data, melting point data, and absorption rate data included in the physical parameters;

[0059] Calculating the main term of the energy density according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and preset first calibration index and second calibration index;

[0060] Performing a logarithmic operation according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, and a preset weight parameter to obtain a logarithmic correction term;

[0061] Performing an exponential operation according to the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and a preset growth control parameter to obtain an exponential coupling factor;

[0062] Calculating the square root of the ratio of the hardness data and the thermal conductivity data, and calculating an intensity suppression term according to the square root and a preset intensity suppression parameter;

[0063] Calculating the ratio of the exponential coupling factor to the intensity suppression term to obtain an energy density suppression term;

[0064] Performing a product operation according to the main term of the energy density, the logarithmic correction term, the energy density suppression term, and a preset proportionality constant to obtain the laser energy density.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the laser energy density is as follows: Wherein, is the laser energy density, is a preset proportionality constant, is the hardness data, is the melting point data, is the absorption rate data, is the thermal conductivity data, is a pre-calculated first calibration index, is a pre-calculated second calibration index, is a preset weight parameter, is a preset growth control parameter, is a preset intensity suppression parameter.

[0066] Specifically, both the first calibration index and the second calibration index are indexes calculated in advance through experiments. The first calibration index can take 0.6, and the second calibration index can take 1.2.

[0067] Specifically, the preset weight parameter can take 0.1.

[0068] Specifically, the growth control parameter can control the growth rate when calculating the laser energy density corresponding to materials with high reflectivity but extremely high melting points (such as tungsten).

[0069] Specifically, the intensity suppression parameter can suppress the laser energy density when calculating the laser energy density corresponding to materials with high hardness but poor thermal conductivity (such as ceramics).

[0070] S2. Obtain the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present invention, the test area refers to the area pre-defined in the material to be cut, which is usually not in the main area of the post-cutting. Without affecting subsequent cutting, the incision generated according to the current laser energy density and spot width can be previewed.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present invention, the spot width is the diameter size of the laser spot on the material surface, and the spot width determines the area size of the laser acting on the material.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present invention, obtaining the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width includes:

[0074] Obtain the initial incision image data of the material to be cut;

[0075] Obtain the incision thermal imaging data of the material to be cut;

[0076] Perform filtering processing on the initial incision image data according to the pre-obtained laser wavelength data to obtain filtered image data;

[0077] Extract the incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation;

[0078] Perform weighted fusion on the incision edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the incision image data.

[0079] Specifically, a thermal imaging sensor can be used to obtain the incision thermal imaging data of the material to be cut.

[0080] Specifically, filtering the initial incision image data according to the pre-acquired laser wavelength data to obtain filtered image data means filtering out the part with the same wavelength as the laser wavelength data in the initial incision image data.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, extracting the incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation means extracting the part with a temperature greater than a preset temperature threshold in the incision thermal imaging data as the incision edge data.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present invention, performing weighted fusion on the incision edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the incision image data means fusing the incision edge data and the filtered image data according to a certain weight, and the weight can be determined through pre-experiments to obtain the weight with the best fusion effect.

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, by acquiring the incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width, the efficiency of subsequent calculation of the incision neatness can be improved.

[0084] S3. Calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data.

[0085] In an embodiment of the present invention, the incision neatness is a parameter reflecting the smoothness of the incision of the material to be cut.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data includes:

[0087] Converting the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain first incision edge coordinate data and second incision edge coordinate data;

[0088] Calculating the average ordinate of the first incision edge coordinate data and the second incision edge coordinate data to obtain a first average ordinate and a second average ordinate;

[0089] Calculating the incision neatness according to the first incision edge coordinate data, the second incision edge coordinate data, the first average ordinate, and the second average ordinate.

[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, since there are two edges of the incision of the material to be cut, two sets of data can be obtained when converting the incision image data into coordinate data.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present invention, converting the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system is performed with the direction of the incision in the incision image data as the abscissa for conversion.

[0092] Specifically, the calculation formula for the incision neatness is as follows: Wherein, is the incision neatness, is the sample number of the coordinate data of the first incision edge, represents the ordinate of the th coordinate data in the coordinate data of the first incision edge, is the first average ordinate, represents the ordinate of the th coordinate data in the coordinate data of the second incision edge, is the second average ordinate.

[0093] S4. Determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold value.

[0094] If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold value, then execute S5. Calculate the adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment step is a parameter representing the size of a single adjustment to the spot width.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present invention, calculating the adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness includes:

[0097] Calculate the neatness deviation value according to the incision neatness and the neatness threshold value;

[0098] Perform a logarithmic operation on the neatness deviation value, calculate the ratio of the result of the logarithmic operation to the incision neatness, and obtain the neatness deviation weight term;

[0099] Perform an exponential operation on the spot width according to the difference between the incision neatness and the neatness threshold value to obtain the result of the exponential operation;

[0100] Calculate the sum of the result of the exponential operation and the spot width, calculate the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, and multiply the calculated ratio by a preset step constraint weight to obtain the exponential weight term;

[0101] After summing the neatness deviation weight term and the exponential weight term, obtain the adjustment step.

[0102] Specifically, the calculation formula for the adjustment step is as follows: Wherein, is the adjustment step, is the incision neatness, is the neatness threshold value, is the spot width, is the laser energy density, is the preset step constraint weight.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the incision neatness is less than or equal to a preset neatness threshold, by calculating and adjusting the step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, the accuracy of adjusting the spot width can be improved.

[0104] S6. Adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step. After obtaining the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to S3. Calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data.

[0105] In an embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step includes:

[0106] Calculate the ratio of the laser energy density to the spot width to obtain a ratio factor;

[0107] Determine whether the ratio factor is greater than a preset ratio threshold;

[0108] If the ratio factor is greater than the ratio threshold, add the spot width to the adjustment step to obtain the adjusted spot width;

[0109] If the ratio factor is less than or equal to the ratio threshold, subtract the adjustment step from the spot width to obtain the adjusted spot width.

[0110] In an embodiment of the present invention, by adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step, the neatness of the subsequent incision of the material to be cut can be improved.

[0111] If the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, execute S7. Confirm that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and perform fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

[0112] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, it indicates that the incision neatness meets the requirements, and the parameter sizes of the current laser energy density and the current spot width match the physical parameters of the material to be cut.

[0113] In an embodiment of the present invention, when the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold, the laser energy density, the spot width, and the physical parameters are stored, which is convenient for directly calling the laser energy density and the spot width when cutting the same material or materials with similar physical parameters later.

[0114] In an embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining physical parameters such as the hardness, thermal conductivity, melting point, and absorptivity of the material to be cut, and based on these parameters, preset exponents, and parameters, the laser energy density is calculated through a specific formula. In a pre-defined test area of the material to be cut, cutting is performed according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width to obtain initial incision image data and incision thermal imaging data. After processing such as filtering, edge extraction, and weighted fusion, the incision image data is obtained. The incision image data is converted into coordinate data, the average ordinate of the edge coordinate data is calculated, and then the incision neatness is calculated according to the formula. The incision neatness is compared with the preset threshold. If it is less than or equal to the threshold, the adjustment step size is calculated based on the laser energy density, spot width, and incision neatness, and then the spot width is adjusted according to the rules, and the incision image data is re-obtained and the neatness is calculated; if it is greater than the threshold, it is confirmed that the incision neatness meets the requirements, and fine cutting is performed according to the current laser energy density, spot width, and preset path, which greatly improves the quality of laser cutting.

[0115] As Figure 2 shown, it is a functional module diagram of a cutting fine control device based on laser energy and spot regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0116] The cutting fine control device 100 based on laser energy and spot regulation of the present invention can be installed in an electronic device. According to the functions achieved, the cutting fine control device 100 based on laser energy and spot regulation can include a laser energy density calculation module 101, an image data acquisition module 102, an incision neatness calculation module 103, a parameter adjustment module 104, and a fine cutting module 105. The modules of the present invention can also be referred to as units, which refer to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by a processor of an electronic device and can complete fixed functions, and are stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0117] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0118] The laser energy density calculation module 101 is used to obtain the physical parameters of the material to be cut and calculate the laser energy density according to the physical parameters;

[0119] The image data acquisition module 102 is used to obtain the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the preset spot width;

[0120] The incision neatness calculation module 103 is configured to calculate the incision neatness according to the incision image data;

[0121] The parameter adjustment module 104 is configured to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, calculate an adjustment step according to the laser energy density, the spot width, and the incision neatness, adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step, and after obtaining the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to the step of calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data in the incision neatness calculation module 103;

[0122] The fine cutting module 105 is configured to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, confirm that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and perform fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

[0123] Specifically, each module in the cutting fine control device 100 based on laser energy and spot regulation in the embodiments of the present invention adopts the same technical means as those in the above Figure 1 The cutting fine control method based on laser energy and spot regulation, and can produce the same technical effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0124] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.

[0125] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0126] In addition, each functional module in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of a combination of hardware and software functional modules.

[0127] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention.

[0128] Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims involved.

[0129] The embodiments of the present application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Among them, artificial intelligence (AI) is a theory, method, technology, and application system that uses digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use knowledge to obtain the best results.

[0130] In addition, it is obvious that the word "including" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. The multiple units or devices stated in the system claims can also be implemented by one unit or device through software or hardware. The terms such as "first" and "second" are used to denote names and do not denote any specific order.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtaining physical parameters of the material to be cut, and calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters; Obtaining incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width; Calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data; Judging whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold; If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, then calculate a neatness deviation value according to the incision neatness and the neatness threshold, perform a logarithmic operation on the neatness deviation value, calculate the ratio of the logarithmic operation result to the incision neatness to obtain a neatness deviation weight term, perform an exponential operation on the difference between the incision neatness and the neatness threshold with respect to the spot width to obtain an exponential operation result, sum the exponential operation result and the spot width, calculate the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, multiply the calculated ratio by a preset step constraint weight to obtain an exponential weight term, and sum the neatness deviation weight term and the exponential weight term to obtain an adjustment step size; Adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step size, obtain the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, and then return to the step of calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data; If the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, then confirm that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and perform fine cutting on the material to be cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

2. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters includes: Obtaining the hardness data, thermal conductivity data, melting point data, and absorption rate data included in the physical parameters; Calculating a main energy density term according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and preset first and second calibration indices; Performing a logarithmic operation according to the hardness data, the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, and a preset weight parameter to obtain a logarithmic correction term; Performing an exponential operation according to the thermal conductivity data, the melting point data, the absorption rate data, and a preset growth control parameter to obtain an exponential coupling factor; Calculating the square root of the ratio of the hardness data and the thermal conductivity data, and calculating an intensity suppression term according to the square root and a preset intensity suppression parameter; Calculating the ratio of the exponential coupling factor to the intensity suppression term to obtain an energy density suppression term; Performing a product operation according to the main energy density term, the logarithmic correction term, the energy density suppression term, and a preset proportionality constant to obtain the laser energy density.

3. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 2, wherein, The calculation formula of the laser energy density is as follows: where e is the laser energy density, G is a preset proportionality constant, H is the hardness data, T m is the melting point data, A is the absorption rate data, k is the thermal conductivity data, α is a pre-calculated first calibration index, β is a pre-calculated second calibration index, λ is a preset weight parameter, μ is a preset growth control parameter, and δ is a preset intensity suppression parameter.

4. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that The obtaining the incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width includes: Obtaining initial incision image data of the material to be cut; Obtaining incision thermal imaging data of the material to be cut; Filter the initial incision image data according to the pre-acquired laser wavelength data to obtain filtered image data; Extract the incision edge data of the incision thermal imaging data based on threshold segmentation; Perform weighted fusion on the incision edge data and the filtered image data to obtain the incision image data.

5. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, wherein Calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data includes: Convert the incision image data into coordinate data based on a preset two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain first incision edge coordinate data and second incision edge coordinate data; Calculate the average ordinate of the first incision edge coordinate data and the second incision edge coordinate data to obtain a first average ordinate and a second average ordinate; Calculate the incision neatness according to the first incision edge coordinate data, the second incision edge coordinate data, the first average ordinate, and the second average ordinate.

6. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that The calculation formula for the incision neatness is as follows: Among them, Q is the incision neatness, N is the sample number of the coordinate data of the first incision edge, and F i represents the ordinate of the i-th coordinate data in the coordinate data of the first incision edge, is the first average ordinate, D i represents the ordinate of the i-th coordinate data in the coordinate data of the second incision edge, is the second average ordinate.

7. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that The calculation formula for the adjustment step size is as follows: Among them, ΔW is the adjustment step size, Q is the incision neatness, and Q D is the neatness threshold, W L is the spot width, E is the laser energy density, is the preset step constraint weight.

8. The fine cutting control method based on laser energy and spot regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adjusting the spot width according to the adjustment step size includes: Calculate the ratio of the laser energy density to the spot width to obtain a ratio factor; Determine whether the ratio factor is greater than a preset ratio threshold; If the ratio factor is greater than the ratio threshold, add the spot width and the adjustment step size to obtain an adjusted spot width; If the ratio factor is less than or equal to the ratio threshold, subtract the adjustment step size from the spot width to obtain an adjusted spot width.

9. A fine cutting control device based on laser energy and spot regulation, characterized in that, The device includes: A laser energy density calculation module for obtaining physical parameters of the material to be cut and calculating the laser energy density according to the physical parameters; An image data acquisition module for acquiring incision image data when cutting a test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and a preset spot width; An incision neatness calculation module for calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data; A parameter adjustment module for determining whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is less than or equal to the preset neatness threshold, calculate a neatness deviation value according to the incision neatness and the neatness threshold, perform a logarithmic operation on the neatness deviation value, calculate the ratio of the result of the logarithmic operation to the incision neatness to obtain a neatness deviation weight term, perform an exponential operation on the difference between the incision neatness and the neatness threshold to obtain an exponential operation result, sum the exponential operation result and the spot width, calculate the ratio of the sum result to the laser energy density, multiply the calculated ratio by a preset step size constraint weight to obtain an exponential weight term, sum the neatness deviation weight term and the exponential weight term to obtain an adjustment step size, adjust the spot width according to the adjustment step size, and after acquiring the incision image data when cutting the test area of the material to be cut according to the laser energy density and the adjusted spot width, return to the step of calculating the incision neatness according to the incision image data in the incision neatness calculation module; A fine cutting module is used to determine whether the incision neatness is greater than a preset neatness threshold. If the incision neatness is greater than the preset neatness threshold, it is confirmed that the incision neatness of the cutting material meets the requirements, and the material to be cut is finely cut based on the laser energy density, the spot width, and a preset cutting path.

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