Features of window unit for reducing bird impacts

Abstract

A window includes a first transparent panel including an outwardly facing No.1 surface and an opposing No.2 surface, a second transparent panel including an inwardly facing No.4 surface and an opposing No.3 surface, where the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap, wherein the first surface includes a pattern having a plurality of indicia spaced apart at the first surface, and wherein each of the plurality of indicia includes an abraded portion leaving a visible indicia at the first surface.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application 18 / 388,332, filed on November 9, 2023, and U.S. Patent Application 18 / 505,435, filed on November 9, 2023, which claim the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 424,603, filed on November 11, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 522,826, filed on June 23, 2023. The disclosures of the above - mentioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Technical field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a window, and in some non - limiting embodiments or aspects, relates to a window having a visible abrasion portion at a first surface to reduce bird collisions. Background art

[0004] It is estimated that one billion birds die each year in the United States after colliding with windows. The reason for the collisions is that the window substrate reflects the sky and landscape behind the birds, making the birds mistake the flight path as unobstructed. Therefore, there is a need for windows that reduce bird collisions. Summary of the invention

[0005] According to some non - limiting aspects of the present invention, a window includes: a first transparent panel including an outward - facing first surface and an opposite second surface, and a second transparent panel including an inward - facing fourth surface and an opposite third surface, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap, wherein the first surface includes a pattern, the pattern including a plurality of spaced - apart markings at the first surface, and wherein each of the plurality of markings includes an abrasion portion, thereby leaving a visible marking on the first surface.

[0006] In some non - limiting aspects, the abrasion portion may be a laser - induced marking formed by applying a laser beam to the first surface to remove at least a portion of the material of the first surface or to generate micro - cracks beneath the first surface. The abrasion portion may be formed by sandblasting the first surface to remove at least a portion of the material of the first surface. The abrasion portion may be formed by removing at least a portion of the material of the first surface. The abrasion portion may be formed by generating micro - cracks beneath the first surface. The first surface may be an uncoated surface and / or a coated surface. The laser - induced marking may be formed by a carbon dioxide laser. The laser beam may have an energy density of 0.5 J / cm 2 to 10 J / cm 2 at the position of the marking formed by the laser beam. Each of the plurality of markings may scatter incident electromagnetic radiation. The gap may be sealed closed by an edge connecting the first panel and the second panel. The gap may include a gas denser than air. The gap may be evacuated to create a vacuum.

[0007] In some non - limiting aspects, the window may further include a plurality of supports disposed in the gap to connect the first panel and the second panel. At least a portion of the plurality of markings may be formed between the locations where the plurality of supports contact the first panel. At least a portion of the plurality of markings may be formed at the locations where the plurality of supports contact the first panel. The first panel may be a component of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) component. The window may be disposed in a frame of a building structure, with the out - facing surface No. 1 arranged as the outer surface of the building structure. The gap may be sealed closed by an edge connecting the first panel and the second panel, and wherein the plurality of markings may be formed by applying a laser beam to the surface No. 1 after sealing the gap closed. In another embodiment, the plurality of markings may be formed by chemical etching without the assistance of any photon - enhanced reaction. In yet another embodiment, the plurality of markings are not formed by chemical etching assisted by any photon - enhanced reaction. The plurality of markings may exhibit a glossiness value of less than 1 at 20°. The pattern may be spaced over the entire area of the surface No. 1 such that there is no four - square - inch area on the surface No. 1 without a marking among the plurality of markings. The first panel may include glass and / or plastic.

[0008] According to some non - limiting aspects of the present invention, a building structure includes the window described herein.

[0009] In some non - limiting aspects, a building structure may include a building having an opening, wherein the window is installed in the opening, and the out - facing surface No. 1 is arranged as the outer surface of the building.

[0010] According to some non - limiting aspects of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a window includes: providing an insulated transparent unit including a first transparent panel and a second transparent panel, the first transparent panel including an out - facing surface No. 1 and an opposite surface No. 2, the second transparent panel including an in - facing surface No. 4 and an opposite surface No. 3, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap; and forming a pattern at the surface No. 1, wherein the pattern includes a plurality of markings spaced apart at the surface No. 1, and wherein each of the plurality of markings includes an abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible marking at the surface No. 1.

[0011] In some non - limiting aspects, patterning may include removing at least a portion of the material of the surface No. 1 or generating micro - cracks beneath the surface No. 1 using a laser beam. The method may further include sealing the gap closed by forming an edge connecting the first panel and the second panel, wherein after sealing the gap closed, the plurality of markings are formed at the surface No. 1. The gap may be filled with a gas denser than air. The gap may include a vacuum.

[0012] According to some non - limiting aspects of the present invention, a method of preventing birds from colliding with a building substrate includes installing a window as described herein in an opening of the building substrate, with the out - facing surface No. 1 arranged as the outer surface of the building substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The present disclosure will be described with reference to the following drawings, in which like reference numerals always identify like parts.

[0014] Figure 1A is a top view of a first panel of a window having a first pattern according to one aspect of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 1B is a top view of a first panel of a window having a second pattern according to another aspect of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 1C is a top view of a first panel of a window having a third pattern according to another aspect of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 1D is a top view of a first panel of a window having a plurality of alternative patterns according to other aspects of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 1E is a diagram according to other aspects of the present invention, showing various different geometries that can be used to form one or more patterns;

[0019] Figure 1F is a top view of a first panel of a window having a plurality of alternative patterns according to other aspects of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 1G is a diagram according to other aspects of the present invention, showing various different geometries that can be used to form one or more patterns;

[0021] Figure 2A shows a cross - sectional view of a vacuum - filled double - pane window according to some aspects of the present invention, the window having a mark in the form of a removed abrasion at surface No. 1;

[0022] Figure 2B shows a cross - sectional view of a vacuum - filled double - pane window according to some aspects of the present invention, the window having a mark in the form of a subsurface abrasion at surface No. 1;

[0023] Figure 2C shows a cross - sectional view of an air - filled double - pane window according to some aspects of the present invention, the window having a mark in the form of a removed abrasion at surface No. 1;

[0024] Figure 2DShows a cross-sectional view of an inflatable double-pane window according to some aspects of the present invention, the window having a mark in the form of a subsurface abrasion at surface 1;

[0025] Figure 3 Shows a schematic diagram of a building structure including a window according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Shows a perspective view of a vacuum-insulated glass (VIG) window unit according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Shows a cross-sectional view of a vacuum-insulated glass (VIG) window unit according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Shows a schematic diagram of a laser initiating a mark in the form of removing an abrasion at surface 1 according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 Shows a schematic diagram of removing a mark in the form of an abrasion at surface 1 that emits scattered radiation according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8A Shows a cross-sectional view of a single-pane window having a mark in the form of a removed abrasion at surface 1 according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8B Shows a cross-sectional view of a single-pane window having a mark in the form of a subsurface abrasion at surface 1 according to certain aspects of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 Shows a cross-sectional view of a side-lit vacuum-filled double-pane window having a mark in the form of a removed abrasion at surface 1 according to some aspects of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Shows a photograph of a VIG unit according to some aspects of the present invention, the VIG unit having a first panel with a pattern at surface 1;

[0034] Figure 11 Shows a photograph of a VIG unit according to some aspects of the present invention, the VIG unit having a first panel with a pattern at surface 1; and

[0035] Figure 12 Shows a photograph of a unit having a coated surface 1, where surface 1 is patterned by removing part of the coating using a diode laser (λ = 390 nm). Detailed Description

[0036] As used herein, spatial or directional terms, such as "left", "right", "inward", "outward", "above", "below", etc., relate to the disclosure as shown in the figures. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure may take various alternative orientations, and thus these terms should not be considered restrictive. Additionally, as used herein, all numbers representing dimensions, physical properties, processing parameters, amounts of ingredients, reaction conditions, etc. used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical values set forth in the following specification and claims may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical value should be construed at least in light of the number of reported significant digits and by application of ordinary rounding techniques. Further, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include the starting and ending range values, as well as any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, the recited range "1 to 10" should be considered to include any and all sub-ranges between the minimum value 1 and the maximum value 10 (and including the end values); that is, all sub-ranges starting with a minimum value of 1 or greater and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, such as 1 to 3.3, 4.7 to 7.5, 5.5 to 10, etc. "A" or "an" means one or more.

[0037] In addition, all documents cited herein, such as but not limited to issued patents and patent applications, shall be considered to be "incorporated by reference" in their entirety.

[0038] The present disclosure relates to a window including: a first panel including an outward-facing surface No. 1 and an opposite surface No. 2, a second panel including an inward-facing surface No. 4 and an opposite surface No. 3, wherein the first panel and the second panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap, wherein the surface No. 1 includes a pattern, the pattern including a plurality of marks spaced apart at the surface No. 1, wherein each of the plurality of marks includes an abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible mark at the surface No. 1.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1A - 1G, shows a window 100 having a first panel 102, the first panel having a pattern according to some non - limiting embodiments or aspects. The pattern includes a plurality of visible markings 106 at a first major surface (surface 104). The pattern can include any arrangement of the plurality of visible markings 106. The pattern distribution can be periodic, quasi - periodic, or random. The markings 106 can be of any shape (e.g., circular, triangular, parallelogram) or any other conceivable design of the markings 106. The pattern can include a plurality of markings 106 spaced apart above surface 104. The pattern can be spaced apart over the entire area of surface 104 such that there is no four - square - inch area of surface 104 without a marking 106. The pattern spaced apart over the entire area of surface 104 can help the window 100 reduce bird collisions because the markings 106 are visible to birds. Ensuring that there is no four - square - inch area of surface 104 without a marking 106 can cause any - sized bird flying towards the window 100 to perceive the window 100 and not mistake the gaps between the markings for areas where a bird can fly through.

[0040] In another example, ensuring that there is no two (2) - square - inch, four (4) - square - inch, six (6) - square - inch, eight (8) - square - inch, or even ten (10) - square - inch area of surface 104 without a marking 106 can cause any - sized bird flying towards the window 100 to perceive the window 100 and not mistake the gaps between the markings for areas where a bird can fly through.

[0041] In another example, at most 25%, at most 30%, at most 35%, at most 40%, at most 45%, or even at most 50% of the surface area of surface 104 is etched with one or more markings or patterns 106 of the present invention. It should be noted that assuming that some patterns or markings of the present invention contain one or more un - etched portions within the etched area, pattern, or marking, the amount of the etched surface described herein is calculated based on the percentage of the surface area of surface 104 actually etched using one or more suitable etching techniques or devices such as laser etching.

[0042] Continuing to refer Figures 1A - 1G , the markings 106 are visible to birds. The markings 106 are visible to both birds and humans such that they are visible by reflecting radiation in the visible region (approximately 380 - 750 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. The markings 106 can exhibit a low gloss value at 20°, e.g., the markings 106 have a 20° gloss value of less than 1 gloss unit, less than 0.5 gloss unit, or less than 0.25 gloss unit. The 20° gloss value can be measured using a gloss meter. Surface 104 can be an uncoated surface. Alternatively, surface 104 can be coated, e.g., coated with a solar - control coating, a protective coating, or any other type of coating.

[0043] A plurality of visible markers 106 are disposed at the 1st surface 104. Each marker 106 may include an abraded portion at the 1st surface 104. The phrase "at the 1st surface" refers to an abraded portion on or below (beneath) the 1st surface 104, as will be described in connection with Figure 2A and 2B shown and described. An "abraded portion" refers to a change to the first panel 102 at the location of the marker 106.

[0044] Referring to Figure 2A and 2B , according to some non - limiting embodiments or aspects, the double - pane window 100 is shown having markers 106 at the 1st surface 104. Although Figure 2A and 2B show a double - pane window 100, it will be understood that the window 100 may have additional panes, such as three panes or four panes. Alternatively, the window 100 may have only a single pane. In the non - limiting embodiments of Figure 2A and 2B , the window 100 includes a first panel 102 that includes an outward - facing 1st surface 104 and an opposite second major surface (2nd surface 108). The window 100 may also include a second panel 110 that includes an inward - facing fourth major surface (4th surface 114) and an opposite third major surface (3rd surface 112). The first panel 102 and the second panel 110 may be spaced apart from each other by a gap 116 (e.g., the gap between the 2nd surface 108 and the 3rd surface 112).

[0045] Figure 2A and 2B A non - limiting example of the window 100 in

[0046] is in the form of an insulating glass unit that includes a first panel 102 having a 1st surface 104 and an opposite 2nd surface 108 installed in a building. In the non - limiting embodiment shown, the 1st surface 104 faces the outside of the building, i.e., is the outer major surface, and the 2nd surface 108 faces the inside of the building. The window 100 also includes a second panel 110 having an outer (first) 3rd surface 112 and an inner (second) 4th surface 114. This numbering of the panel surfaces is consistent with conventional practice in fenestration technology.

[0046] The first and second panels 102, 110 may be joined together in any suitable manner, such as by adhesively bonding to a conventional spacer frame 118. A gap 116 is formed between the two panels 102, 110. The gap 116 may be evacuated to create a vacuum (vacuum insulating glass unit). Examples of insulating glass units can be found in, for example, U.S. Patents 4,193,236; 4,464,874; 5,088,258; 5,106,663.

[0047] The first and second panels 102, 110 may comprise glass or plastic. Alternatively, the first and second panels 102, 110 may comprise glass. Non-limiting examples of suitable glass materials for the first and second panels 102, 110 include soda-lime silicate glass, borosilicate glass, or leaded glass. The glass may be clear glass. "Clear glass" refers to glass that is uncolored or colorless. Alternatively, the glass may be tinted or otherwise colored glass. The glass may be annealed or heat-treated glass. As used herein, the term "heat-treated" refers to tempered or at least partially tempered. The glass may be of any type, such as float glass, and may be of any composition with any optical properties, such as any value of visible light transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance, infrared transmittance, and / or total solar transmittance. "Float glass" refers to glass formed by the float process in which molten glass is deposited onto a molten metal bath and controllably cooled to form a float glass ribbon.

[0048] The first and second panels 102, 110 may comprise plastic. Non-limiting examples of suitable plastic materials for the first and second panels 102, 110 include acrylic polymers such as polyacrylates; polymethacrylic acid alkyl esters such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, etc.; polyurethanes; polycarbonates; polyalkylene terephthalates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, etc.; polymers containing polysiloxanes; or copolymers of any monomers used to prepare these, or any mixtures thereof.

[0049] The first and second panels 102, 110 may have any desired dimensions, such as length, width, shape, or thickness. In one non-limiting embodiment where the first and second panels 102, 110 are components in a building transparent element, each of the first and second panels 102, 110 may be 1 - 30 mm thick, such as 2.5 - 25 mm thick or 2.5 - 10 mm thick. In one non-limiting embodiment where the first and second panels 102, 110 are components in an automotive transparent element, each of the first and second panels 102, 110 may be 1 - 10 mm thick, such as 1 - 8 mm thick, 2 - 8 mm thick, 3 - 7 mm thick, 5 - 7 mm thick, or 4 - 6 mm thick.

[0050] Referring Figure 2A , window 100 includes a plurality of markings 106 at the 1st surface 104. The markings 106 may be in such as Figure 2Aon the shown first surface 104, and such a marking 106 can be a removed abraded portion 120 formed by removing at least a portion of the material from the original first surface 104 (a change to the first panel 102 at the location of the marking 106), thereby forming a visible marking 106. Refer to Figure 2A and 6 , the removed abraded portion 120 can be laser-induced by applying a laser 134 to the first surface 104 to remove at least a portion of the material of the first surface 104. The laser 134 can be any laser that emits a beam 136 with an energy density sufficient to produce the removed abraded portion 120. For example, the removed abraded portion 120 can be formed by a carbon dioxide laser, a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser, a frequency-doubled YAG laser, a fiber laser, a diode laser, an excimer laser, etc. For example, the laser 134 (e.g., its beam 136) can have an energy density of 0.5 J / cm 2 to 10 J / cm 2 at the location of the marking 106 (removed abraded portion 120) thus formed. The energy density will depend on the specific laser used, but is preferably in the range of 0.75 J / cm 2 to 5 J / cm 2 . For example, the beam 136 of the laser 134 can have a contact beam waist 138 of less than 1 mm at the location of the marking 106 (removed abraded portion 120) thus formed. If the laser output results in an energy density higher than the threshold required for material removal or damage, a larger beam waist can be used.

[0051] Referring again to Figure 2A , the removed abraded portion 120 can be formed by sandblasting the first surface 104 to remove at least a portion of the material of the first surface 104, thereby forming a visible marking 106. Other methods of mechanically abrading the surface can also be used, including but not limited to, a diamond grit-coated pad pressed against the surface at a high rotational speed. In another embodiment, other methods of abrading the surface can be used, such as any lithography method (chemically based, laser based, or other lithography techniques) known in the art that can "etch" a pattern into a glass and / or plastic surface.

[0052] Refer to Figure 2B, the window 100 includes a plurality of markings 106 at the first surface 104. As shown, the markings 106 can be below the first surface 104 (in the first panel 102, between the first surface 104 and the second surface 108), and such markings 106 can be produced as subsurface abrasions 122, such as microcracks (alterations to the first panel 102 at the location of the markings 106). The subsurface abrasions 122 can be laser-induced by applying a laser beam to the first surface 104 to produce subsurface abrasions 122 on the first surface 104. The laser beam can have the same characteristics as the laser beam used to form Figure 2A and 6 the removal abrasions 120 in, and the laser type, energy density, and beam waist are selected to produce subsurface microcracks, for example, in the first surface 104 without damaging other parts of the first panel 102.

[0053] Referring Figure 2A 、 2B and 6, the markings 106 at the first surface 104 can alternatively be formed by chemical etching without the assistance of any photon-enhanced reaction. In yet another embodiment, the plurality of markings are not formed by chemical etching without the assistance of any photon-enhanced reaction. As described herein, forming the markings 106 without using chemical etching can avoid damage to the window 100, and can particularly avoid damage to the edge 128, as described below in Figure 4 and Figure 5 .

[0054] Referring again to Figure 2A and 2B , and additionally referring to Figure 4 and 5 , a plurality of supports 119 can be arranged in the gap 116 to connect the first panel 102 and the second panel 110. The supports 119 can provide additional strength to the window 100. The supports 119 can provide additional strength to the window 100 having an inflated gap 116. Alternatively, the supports 119 can provide additional strength to the window 100 having a vacuum gap 116. In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the supports 119 can be arranged in a pattern, with supports 119 spaced apart by about 20 - 70 mm 2 , for example, 30 - 60 mm 2 or 50 mm 2 to provide sufficient support for the first panel 102 and the second panel 110.

[0055] Referring again to Figure 2A, at least a portion of the plurality of markers 106 may be formed at the location where the support 119 contacts the first panel 102 (e.g., its second surface 108). In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, each support 119 may be arranged to contact the first panel 102 at the location of the marker 106.

[0056] Referring again to Figure 2B , at least a portion of the plurality of markers 106 may be formed between the locations where the support 119 contacts the first panel 102 (e.g., its second surface 108). In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, each support 119 may be arranged to contact the first panel 102 at the location between the markers 106.

[0057] Refer to Figure 2C and 2D , wherein the window 100 shown is respectively the same as Figure 2A and 2B the window shown, except for the following. The gap 116 may be filled with a selected atmosphere such as air, or a non-reactive gas such as argon or krypton. The gas filling the gap 116 may be denser than air. Since the gap 116 is filled with a selected atmosphere (instead of being vacuum-filled), the support 119 included in the window 100 in Figure 2A and 2B the window 100 may be omitted.

[0058] As a supplement or alternative to vacuum filling or gas filling, the gap 116 may contain a liquid, a gel, a solid, or a combination thereof. The gap 116 may also contain a mechanical structure, such as a movable shutter.

[0059] Refer to Figure 3 , a building structure 124 is shown, wherein the building structure 124 includes at least one window 100 as described herein. The building structure 124 may include an opening 126, wherein the window 100 is installed in the opening 126, and the outward-facing first surface 104 (not shown) of the window 100 is arranged as the outer surface of the building structure 124. The building structure 124 may be a building, such as a residential or commercial building. The window 100 may be used in a building as a window or a skylight of the building. The window 100 including the first panel 102 (not shown) may be a component of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) component.

[0060] Refer to Figure 4 and 5, in some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, window 100 may include a Vacuum Insulated Glass (VIG) unit. The VIG unit may include a first panel 102 spaced apart from a second panel 110 to form a gap 116. A support 119 may be disposed in the gap 116 to connect the first panel 102 and the second panel 110, thereby providing additional support thereto. A visual marker 106 may be disposed at the 1st surface 104. An edge 128 may be disposed around the perimeter of the window 100 to connect the edges of the first panel 102 and the second panel 110, thereby sealing the gap 116 closed. The edge 128 may be welded to seal the gap 116 closed. The edge 128 may prevent gas from entering or leaving the gap 116 through the perimeter between the first panel 102 and the second panel 110.

[0061] Continuing to refer to Figure 4 and 5 , the VIG unit may include a pump-out tube 130 and a pump-out cavity 132 for evacuating the gap 116 after the edge 128 has been formed between the first panel 102 and the second panel 110 to seal the gap 116. The pump-out tube 130 may include a first end disposed in the gap 116 and / or the pump-out cavity 132, and a second end extending from the surface of the first panel 102 and / or the second panel 110. The pump-out cavity 132 may include at least a portion of the region of the gap 116 (where the first end of the pump-out tube 130 is disposed) and / or a portion of the region cut out from the 2nd surface 108 and / or the 3rd surface 112 of the first panel 102 and / or the second panel 110.

[0062] After the edge 128 has been formed between the first panel 102 and the second panel 110 to seal the gap 116, the pump-out tube 130 and the pump-out cavity 132 may be used to evacuate the gap 116. After the edge 128 has been formed between the first panel 102 and the second panel 110 to seal the gap 116, the gap 116 may contain residual gas (such as air) that is not required for the VIG unit. After the edge 128 is formed, the second end of the pump-out tube 130 may be opened to evacuate the residual gas from the gap 116. The gas from the gap 116 may be forced from the gap 116 into the pump-out cavity 132, enter through the first end of the pump-out tube 130, and flow out through the second end of the pump-out tube 130. This process may be used to create a vacuum in the gap 116, thereby forming the VIG unit.

[0063] Continuing to refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5, after sealing the closing gap 116 by forming an edge 128 connecting the first panel 102 and the second panel 110, a mark 106 (e.g., by applying a laser beam) can be formed at the 1st surface 104 of the first panel 102 of the VIG unit. The mark 106 can be formed as described above and does not require chemical etching to avoid damage to the window 100, such as damage to the edge 128.

[0064] In another embodiment, the present invention can be applied to an insulating glass (IG) unit or structure in any manner and / or method described herein. Although such an IG unit is not shown in the drawings, such an IG unit is known in the art and thus a detailed description is omitted here for the sake of brevity.

[0065] In some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, the window 100 can be an insulating glass unit, where the gap 116 is filled with a gas having a lower thermal conductivity than air, such as argon. The gap 116 can be filled with a gas heavier than air. For example, after the edge 128 has been formed between the first panel 102 and the second panel 110, the gap 116 can be filled with a gas heavier than air to seal the gap 116 using the pump-out tube 130. The gas heavier than air can flow into the second end of the pump-out tube 130 and flow out from its first end into the gap 116. After sealing the closing gap 116 by forming an edge 128 connecting the first panel 102 and the second panel 110, a mark can be formed at the 1st surface 104 of the first panel 102 of the window 100 having the gap 116, and the mark is filled with a gas heavier than air.

[0066] Reference Figure 7 , the marks 106 spaced apart at the 1st surface 104 (leaving visible marks at the 1st surface 104) scatter visible incident electromagnetic radiation. In Figure 7 the non-limiting embodiment shown, the marks 106 are formed in the 1st surface 104 of the first panel 102 (removing the abraded portion 120). Incident radiation 140, such as from sunlight or another radiation source, can be incident on the marks 106 such that the incident radiation 140 collides with the marks 106. The incident radiation 140 can include visible electromagnetic radiation and can include ultraviolet and / or infrared radiation. When the incident radiation 140 collides with the marks 106, the marks 106 can reflect the radiation in at least one direction away from the 1st surface 104 (i.e., scatter the radiation 142). The scattered radiation 142 can be scattered. "Scattering" means that the incident radiation 140 is reflected in a non-specular direction to form the scattered radiation 142. The specular direction is the direction of the reflection characteristic of a mirror.

[0067] The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a window for reducing bird strikes, such as any of the windows described herein. The manufacturing method includes providing a window (such as an insulating glass unit described herein), the window including a first panel and a second panel, the first panel including an outward-facing surface 1 and an opposite surface 2, the second panel including an inward-facing surface 4 and an opposite surface 3, wherein the first panel and the second panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap. The method may also include forming a pattern at surface 1, wherein the pattern includes a plurality of markers spaced apart at surface 1 (e.g., over the entire area of surface 1), wherein each of the plurality of markers includes an abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible marker at surface 1.

[0068] Patterning at surface 1 may include removing at least a portion of the material from surface 1 or creating microcracks beneath surface 1 using a laser beam as described herein.

[0069] The manufacturing method may also include sealing the gap closed by forming an edge connecting the first panel and the second panel, and after sealing the gap closed, a plurality of markers may be formed at surface 1. Forming a plurality of markers after sealing the gap closed may allow for more efficient window formation as the markers may be formed on an otherwise fully manufactured window (as opposed to patterning surface 1 prior to assembling the window unit). The gap may be filled with a gas denser than air. Alternatively, by evacuating the gas in the gap, the gap may include a vacuum.

[0070] The present invention also relates to a method of preventing birds from striking a building substrate including a window, such as any of the windows described herein. The method may include installing the window described herein in an opening of a building substrate, with the outward-facing surface 1 arranged as the outer surface of the building substrate.

[0071] Referring to Figure 8A and 8B , wherein the window 100 shown is similar to those described in connection with Figures 2A - 2D , except for the following. Figure 8A and 8B the window 100 in Figures 2A - 2D has a single pane (as opposed to the double-pane window 100 in Figure 8A and 8B ). Thus, Figure 8A and Figure 8B the window in

[0072] Continue to refer toFigure 8A With Figure 8B , patterning at the first surface 104 may include removing at least a portion of the material from the first surface 104 using a laser beam as described herein or creating microcracks beneath the first surface 104. The window 100 of Figure 8A and 8B can be fabricated by forming the markings 106 after the first panel 102 has been disposed in the frame 118 to form the window 100. Forming the markings 106 after the first panel 102 has been disposed in the frame 118 may allow for more efficient formation of the window 100 because the markings 106 can be formed on an otherwise fully fabricated window (as opposed to patterning the first surface 104 prior to assembling the window unit).

[0073] Referring Figure 9 to Figures 2A - 2D , the window 100 shown therein is similar to the window described in connection with Figure 9 , except for the following. The window 100 in

[0074] may further include at least one sidelight 146. The sidelight 146 may be located on at least one side of the first panel 102 between the first surface 104 and the second surface 108. For example, the sidelight 146 may be integrated into the frame 118 and emit light into the side of the first panel 102. The light rays emitted from the sidelight 146 may pass through the interior of the first panel 102, and at least some of the light rays may be incident on the markings 106 at the first surface 104. The portion of the light incident on the markings 106 from the sidelight 146 may further illuminate the markings 106 such that they are more visible than the markings 106 not illuminated by the light from the sidelight 146. The markings 106 may redirect the incident light such that the markings 106 appear more visible. Thus, using the sidelight 146 can make the markings 106 even more visible, further preventing birds from colliding with the window 100. Figure 8A and 8B ). In addition, although the sidelight 146 is shown emitting light on the side of the first panel 102, the sidelight 146 may additionally or alternatively emit light on the side of the second panel 110, which may additionally or alternatively include the markings 106.

[0075] Although not limited thereto, the abrading portions, markings, and / or patterns of the present invention are formed such that any such linear or line-based pattern is generally formed with a width between 1 mm and 10 mm, between 2 mm and 9 mm, between 3 mm and 8 mm, between 4 mm and 7 mm, or even between 5 mm and 6 mm. In another embodiment, the abrading portions, markings, and / or patterns of the present invention are formed such that any such circular or other geometric non-linear shaped pattern is generally formed with a maximum width or diameter (in the case of a circular pattern) between 1 mm and 10 mm, between 2 mm and 9 mm, between 3 mm and 8 mm, between 4 mm and 7 mm, or even between 5 mm and 6 mm in at least one direction.

[0076] In addition, as Figure 1E and 1G shown, in the case where multiple abrading portions of the present invention are discontinuous in design, such as Figure 1E the various polygonal patterns shown and / or Figure 1E the discontinuous circular patterns shown, if desired, the various alternative patterns of the present invention can enable the manufacturer to achieve significant energy savings. Alternatively, the energy savings by reducing laser etching can also be achieved by the various alternative patterns disclosed in Figure 1G . It should also be recognized that the various alternative designs of Figure 1E and 1G can also reduce laser etching time, etching and / or sandblasting time, lithography complexity, and other advantages.

[0077] The following numbered clauses illustrate various aspects of the present invention:

[0078] Clause 1: A window, comprising: a first transparent panel including an outward-facing surface No. 1 and an opposite surface No. 2, a second transparent panel including an inward-facing surface No. 4 and an opposite surface No. 3, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap, wherein the surface No. 1 includes a pattern, the pattern including a plurality of markings spaced apart on the surface No. 1, wherein each of the plurality of markings includes an abrading portion, thereby leaving a visible marking at the surface No. 1.

[0079] Clause 2: The window according to Clause 1, wherein the abrading portion is a laser-induced marking formed by applying a laser beam to the surface No. 1 to remove at least a portion of the material from the surface No. 1 or to generate microcracks beneath the surface No. 1.

[0080] Clause 3: The window according to Clause 1 or 2, wherein the abrading portion is formed by sandblasting the surface No. 1 to remove at least a portion of the material from the surface No. 1.

[0081] Clause 4: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein an abraded portion is formed by removing at least a portion of the material from the No. 1 surface.

[0082] Clause 5: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein an abraded portion is formed by generating microcracks below the No. 1 surface.

[0083] Clause 6: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein the No. 1 surface is an uncoated surface and / or a coated surface.

[0084] Clause 7: A window according to any one of Clauses 2 - 6, wherein the laser-induced marking is formed by a carbon dioxide laser.

[0085] Clause 8: A window according to any one of Clauses 2 to 7, wherein the laser beam has an energy density of 0.5 J / cm 2 to 10 J / cm 2 at the position of the marking formed by the laser beam.

[0086] Clause 9: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein each of the plurality of markings scatters incident electromagnetic radiation.

[0087] Clause 10: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 9, wherein the gap is sealed closed by joining the edges of the first panel and the second panel.

[0088] Clause 11: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein the gap contains a gas denser than air.

[0089] Clause 12: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the gap is evacuated to create a vacuum.

[0090] Clause 13: A window according to Clause 12, further comprising a plurality of supports disposed in the gap to join the first panel and the second panel.

[0091] Clause 14: A window according to Clause 13, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of markings is formed between the positions where the plurality of supports contact the first panel.

[0092] Clause 15: A window according to Clause 13 or 14, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of markings is formed at the positions where the plurality of supports contact the first panel.

[0093] Clause 16: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 15, wherein the first panel is a component of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) component.

[0094] Clause 17: A window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 16, wherein the window is disposed in a frame of a building structure, and the outward-facing No. 1 surface is arranged as the outer surface of the building structure.

[0095] Clause 18: The window according to any one of Clauses 2 to 17, wherein the gap is closed by an edge seal connecting the first panel and the second panel, and wherein the plurality of marks are formed by applying a laser beam to the 1st surface after sealing the gap closed.

[0096] Clause 19: The window according to any one of Clauses 1 - 18, wherein the plurality of marks are formed by chemical etching without being assisted by any photon-enhanced reaction.

[0097] Clause 20: The window according to any one of Clauses 1 - 18, wherein the plurality of marks are not formed by chemical etching without being assisted by any photon-enhanced reaction.

[0098] Clause 21: The window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 20, wherein the plurality of marks exhibit a 20° gloss value of less than 1.

[0099] Clause 22: The window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 21, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the 1st surface such that there is no four-square-inch area on the 1st surface without a mark among the plurality of marks.

[0100] Clause 23: The window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 22, wherein the first panel comprises glass and / or plastic.

[0101] Clause 24: The window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 23, further comprising at least one side light positioned to emit light at the side of the first transparent panel between the 1st surface and the 2nd surface.

[0102] Clause 25: A building structure comprising a window according to any one of Clauses 1 to 24.

[0103] Clause 26: The building structure according to Clause 25, comprising a building having an opening, wherein the window is installed in the opening, and wherein the outward-facing 1st surface is arranged as the outer surface of the building.

[0104] Clause 27: A method of manufacturing a window, comprising: providing an insulated transparent unit comprising a first transparent panel and a second transparent panel, the first transparent panel comprising an outward-facing 1st surface and an opposite 2nd surface, the second transparent panel comprising an inward-facing 4th surface and an opposite 3rd surface, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap; and forming a pattern at the 1st surface, wherein the pattern comprises a plurality of marks spaced apart at the 1st surface, and wherein each of the plurality of marks comprises an abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible mark at the 1st surface.

[0105] Clause 28: The method according to Clause 27, wherein patterning includes removing at least a portion of the material of the No. 1 surface or generating microcracks beneath the No. 1 surface using a laser beam.

[0106] Clause 29: The method according to Clause 27 or 28, further comprising: sealing the gap closed by forming an edge connecting the first panel and the second panel, wherein after sealing the gap closed, the plurality of marks are formed at the No. 1 surface.

[0107] Clause 30: The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 29, wherein the gap is filled with a gas denser than air.

[0108] Clause 31: The method according to any one of Clauses 27 to 30, wherein the gap contains a vacuum.

[0109] Clause 32: A method of preventing birds from colliding with a building substrate, comprising: installing a window according to any one of Clauses 1 - 24 in an opening of the building substrate, wherein the outward-facing No. 1 surface is arranged as the outer surface of the building substrate.

[0110] Clause 33: A method of manufacturing a transparent member, comprising: providing a single transparent panel including an outward-facing No. 1 surface and an opposite No. 2 surface, wherein the single transparent panel is arranged between frames; and forming a pattern at the No. 1 surface, wherein the pattern includes a plurality of marks spaced apart at the No. 1 surface, wherein each of the plurality of marks includes an abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible mark at the No. 1 surface, wherein the pattern is formed at the No. 1 surface after the first transparent panel is arranged between the frames.

[0111] Clause 34: A window, comprising: a first transparent panel including an outward-facing No. 1 surface and an opposite No. 2 surface, and a second transparent panel including an inward-facing No. 4 surface and an opposite No. 3 surface, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap, wherein the No. 1 surface includes a pattern, the pattern including a plurality of marks spaced apart at the No. 1 surface, wherein each of the plurality of marks includes an abraded portion formed by one or more patterns, the one or more patterns having one or more discontinuous and / or non-abraded regions within each abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible mark at the No. 1 surface.

[0112] Clause 35: The window according to Clause 34, wherein the pattern is spaced apart over the entire area of the No. 1 surface such that there is no two-square-inch area on the No. 1 surface without a mark among the plurality of marks.

[0113] Clause 36: The window according to Clause 34, wherein the pattern is spaced apart over the entire area of the No. 1 surface such that there is no four-square-inch area on the No. 1 surface without a mark among the plurality of marks.

[0114] Clause 37: A window according to Clause 34, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the first surface such that there is no six-square-inch area on the first surface that is free of a mark from among the plurality of marks.

[0115] Clause 38: A window according to Clause 34, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the first surface such that there is no eight-square-inch area on the first surface that is free of a mark from among the plurality of marks.

[0116] Clause 39: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 38, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 25% of the area of the first surface.

[0117] Clause 40: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 38, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 30% of the area of the first surface.

[0118] Clause 41: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 38, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 35% of the area of the first surface.

[0119] Clause 42: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 38, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 40% of the area of the first surface.

[0120] Clause 43: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 38, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 45% of the area of the first surface.

[0121] Clause 44: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 38, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 50% of the area of the first surface.

[0122] Clause 45: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 44, wherein the plurality of abraded portions are formed such that each abraded portion has a maximum width ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm in at least one direction.

[0123] Clause 46: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 44, wherein the abraded portion is a laser-induced mark formed by applying a laser beam to the first surface to remove at least a portion of the material of the first surface or to generate microcracks beneath the first surface.

[0124] Clause 47: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 46, wherein the abraded portion is formed by removing at least a portion of the material of the first surface.

[0125] Clause 48: A window according to Clause 47, wherein the abraded portion is formed by generating microcracks beneath the first surface.

[0126] Clause 49: A window according to Clause 47, wherein the abraded portion is formed by one or more geometries that include one or more discontinuous and / or non - continuous non - abraded portion regions.

[0127] Clause 50: A window according to Clause 49, wherein the geometry is selected from one or more polygons, stars, or other discontinuous symbols

[0128] Clause 51: A window according to Clause 49, wherein the geometry is concentric circles of alternating abraded and non - abraded regions that are selected.

[0129] Clause 52: A window according to Clause 47, wherein the abraded portion is formed by rectangular lines that include one or more discontinuous and / or non - continuous non - abraded regions therein.

[0130] Clause 53: A window according to Clause 47, wherein laser - induced markings are formed by a carbon dioxide laser.

[0131] Clause 54: A window according to Clause 47, wherein the laser beam has an energy density of 0.5 J / cm 2 to 10 J / cm 2 at the location of the markings formed by the laser beam.

[0132] Clause 55: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 54, wherein the surface No. 1 is an uncoated surface and / or a coated surface.

[0133] Clause 56: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 55, wherein each of the plurality of markings scatters incident electromagnetic radiation.

[0134] Clause 57: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 56, wherein the gap is sealed closed by an edge seal connecting the first panel and the second panel.

[0135] Clause 58: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 57, wherein the gap contains a gas denser than air.

[0136] Clause 59: A window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 57, wherein the gap is evacuated to create a vacuum.

[0137] Clause 60: The window according to Clause 59, further comprising a plurality of supports disposed in the gap to connect the first panel and the second panel.

[0138] Clause 61: The window according to Clause 60, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of markings is formed between the locations where the plurality of supports contact the first panel.

[0139] Clause 62: The window according to Clause 61, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of markings is formed at the locations where the plurality of supports contact the first panel.

[0140] Clause 63: The window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 62, wherein the first panel is a component of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) component.

[0141] Clause 64: The window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 62, wherein the window is arranged in a frame of a building structure, and the No. 1 surface facing outward is arranged as an outer surface of the building structure.

[0142] Clause 65: The window according to any one of Clauses 46 to 64, wherein the gap is closed by an edge seal connecting the first panel and the second panel, and the plurality of marks are formed by applying a laser beam to the No. 1 surface after the gap is hermetically closed.

[0143] Clause 66: The window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 65, wherein the plurality of marks exhibit a glossiness value of less than 1 at 20°.

[0144] Clause 67: The window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 66, wherein the first panel comprises glass and / or plastic.

[0145] Clause 68: The window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 67, further comprising at least one side light positioned to emit light at a side of the first transparent plate between the No. 1 surface and the No. 2 surface.

[0146] Clause 69: A building structure comprising the window according to any one of Clauses 34 - 68.

[0147] Clause 70: The building structure according to Clause 69, comprising a building having an opening, wherein the window is installed in the opening, and the No. 1 surface facing outward is arranged as an outer surface of the building.

[0148] Clause 71: A method of manufacturing a window, comprising: providing an insulated transparent unit including a first transparent panel and a second transparent panel, the first transparent panel including a No. 1 surface facing outward and an opposite No. 2 surface, the second transparent panel including a No. 4 surface facing inward and an opposite No. 3 surface, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap; and forming a pattern at the No. 1 surface, wherein the pattern includes a plurality of marks spaced apart at the No. 1 surface, and each of the plurality of marks includes an abraded portion formed by one or more patterns and having one or more discontinuous and / or non - continuous non - abraded regions within each abraded portion, thereby leaving visible marks at the No. 1 surface.

[0149] Clause 72: The method according to Clause 71, wherein patterning includes removing at least a portion of the material of the No. 1 surface or generating micro - cracks beneath the No. 1 surface using a laser beam.

[0150] Clause 73: The method according to Clause 71 further comprises: sealing and closing the gap by forming a connection at the edges of the first panel and the second panel, wherein after sealing and closing the gap, the plurality of markings are formed at the 1st surface.

[0151] Clause 74: The method according to Clause 71, wherein the gap is filled with a gas denser than air.

[0152] Clause 75: The method according to Clause 71, wherein the gap comprises a vacuum.

[0153] Clause 76: A method for preventing birds from colliding with a building substrate, comprising: installing a window according to any one of Clauses 34 to 67 in an opening of the building substrate, with the outward-facing 1st surface arranged as the outer surface of the building substrate.

[0154] Example

[0155] Reference Figure 10 and 11 , exemplary VIG units can be produced. Two double-pane VIG units having 25 support members in the gap 116 between the first panel 102 and the second panel 110 can be obtained, and the 1st surface 104 of these VIG units can be patterned at the 1st surface 104 using a CO2 laser (manufactured by Trotec Laser (Marchtrenk, Austria)). The pattern regarded as the visible marking 106 is similar to Figure 10 the dot marking shown, or similar to Figure 11 the wavy pattern marking shown. The edge 128 sealing the gap 116 between the first and second plates (102, 110) is not affected and will be formed prior to applying the CO2 laser. The transparent panels of the VIG units will remain intact without signs of structural breakage, and the pattern is clearly visible.

[0156] Referring to Figure 12 , an embodiment of surface patterning where the 1st surface is coated is shown. The surface is patterned by removing at least a portion of the coating using a diode laser (λ = 390 nm).

[0157] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the present invention can be modified without departing from the concepts disclosed in the foregoing specification. Accordingly, the specific embodiments described in detail herein are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention, which is given by the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A window, comprising: A first transparent panel, which includes an outward-facing surface No. 1 and an opposite surface No. 2; And A second transparent panel, which includes an inward-facing surface No. 4 and an opposite surface No. 3, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap, Wherein the surface No. 1 includes a pattern, the pattern includes a plurality of marks spaced apart at the surface No. 1, wherein each of the plurality of marks includes an abraded portion formed by one or more patterns, and the one or more patterns have one or more discontinuous and / or non-abraded regions within each abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible mark at the surface No.

1.

2. The window according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the first surface such that there is no two-square-inch area on the first surface without a mark from the plurality of marks.

3. The window according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the first surface such that there is no four-square-inch area on the first surface without a mark from the plurality of marks.

4. The window according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the first surface such that there is no six-square-inch area on the first surface without a mark from the plurality of marks.

5. The window according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is spaced over the entire area of the first surface such that there is no eight-square-inch area on the first surface without a mark from the plurality of marks.

6. The window according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 25% of the area of the first surface.

7. The window according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 30% of the area of the first surface.

8. The window according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 35% of the area of the first surface.

9. The window according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 40% of the area of the first surface.

10. The window according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 45% of the area of the first surface.

11. The window according to claim 1, wherein the total area of the plurality of marks covers at most 50% of the area of the first surface.

12. The window according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of abrasion portions are formed such that each abrasion portion has a maximum width ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm in at least one direction.

13. The window according to claim 1, wherein the abrasion portion is a laser-induced mark formed by applying a laser beam to the first surface to remove at least a portion of the material of the first surface or to generate microcracks beneath the first surface.

14. The window according to claim 13, wherein the abrasion portion is formed by removing at least a portion of the material of the first surface.

15. The window according to claim 13, wherein the abraded portion is formed by generating microcracks below the No. 1 surface.

16. The window according to claim 13, wherein the abraded portion is formed by one or more geometric shapes including one or more discontinuous and / or non - continuous non - abraded regions.

17. The window according to claim 16, wherein the geometric shape is selected from one or more polygons, stars or other discontinuous symbols.

18. The window according to claim 16, wherein the geometric shape is selected from concentric circles of alternating abraded regions and non - abraded regions.

19. The window according to claim 13, wherein the abraded portion is formed by rectangular lines, and one or more discontinuous and / or non - continuous non - abraded regions are included in the rectangular lines.

20. The window according to claim 13, wherein the laser - induced mark is formed by a carbon dioxide laser.

21. The window as claimed in claim 13, wherein the laser beam has an energy density of 0.5 J / cm 2 to 10 J / cm 2 at the position of the mark formed by the laser beam.

22. The window according to claim 1, wherein the No. 1 surface is an uncoated surface and / or a coated surface.

23. The window according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of marks scatters incident electromagnetic radiation.

24. The window according to claim 1, wherein the gap is sealed and closed by an edge seal connecting the first panel and the second panel.

25. The window according to claim 1, wherein the gap contains a gas denser than air.

26. The window according to claim 1, wherein the gap is evacuated to create a vacuum.

27. The window according to claim 26, further comprising a plurality of supports arranged in the gap to connect the first panel and the second panel.

28. The window according to claim 27, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of marks is formed between the positions where the plurality of supports contact the first panel.

29. The window according to claim 28, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of marks is formed at the positions where the plurality of supports contact the first panel.

30. The window according to claim 1, wherein the first panel is a component of a building - integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) component.

31. The window according to claim 1, wherein the window is arranged in a frame of a building structure and has a first surface facing outward that is arranged as the outer surface of the building structure.

32. The window according to claim 2, wherein the gap is closed by an edge seal connecting the first panel and the second panel, and the plurality of markings are formed by applying a laser beam to the first surface after the gap is closed by the seal.

33. The window according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of markings exhibit a glossiness value of less than 1 at 20°.

34. The window according to claim 1, wherein the first panel comprises glass and / or plastic.

35. The window according to claim 1, further comprising at least one side light positioned to emit light at a side of the first transparent panel between the first surface and the second surface.

36. A building structure comprising the window of claim 1.

37. The building structure according to claim 36, which includes a building having an opening, wherein the window is installed in the opening and has a first surface facing outward that is arranged as the outer surface of the building.

38. A method of manufacturing a window, comprising: Provide an insulating transparent unit, the insulating transparent unit includes a first transparent panel and a second transparent panel, the first transparent panel includes an outward-facing surface No. 1 and an opposite surface No. 2, the second transparent panel includes an inward-facing surface No. 4 and an opposite surface No. 3, wherein the first transparent panel and the second transparent panel are spaced apart from each other by a gap; And Form a pattern at the surface No. 1, wherein the pattern includes a plurality of marks spaced apart at the surface No. 1, wherein each of the plurality of marks includes an abraded portion formed by one or more patterns, and the one or more patterns have one or more discontinuous and / or non-abraded regions within each abraded portion, thereby leaving a visible mark at the surface No.

1.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein the patterning step comprises removing at least a portion of the material of the first surface or generating microcracks beneath the first surface using a laser beam.

40. The method according to claim 38, further comprising: Seal the gap by forming an edge connecting the first panel and the second panel, wherein after sealing the gap, the plurality of marks are formed at the surface No.

1.

41. The method according to claim 38, wherein the gap is filled with a gas having a density greater than air.

42. The method according to claim 38, wherein the gap comprises a vacuum.

43. A method of preventing birds from colliding with a building substrate, comprising: Install the window of claim 1 in an opening of a building substrate, and the outward-facing surface No. 1 is arranged as the outer surface of the building substrate.

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