Microbial feed additive for preventing vomitoxin poisoning and application thereof

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a microbial feed additive for preventing livestock and poultry diseases caused by vomitoxin. The feed additive can significantly improve the feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of livestock and poultry, and enhance the immunity of livestock and poultry. The feed additive disclosed by the invention consists of the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of tributyrin, 1-5 parts of immune polysaccharide, 85-94 parts of bacillus licheniformis capable of degrading vomitoxin and 200-500U / g of glucose oxidase. The feed additive disclosed by the invention accounts for 0.01-0.02 part by weight in 100 parts by weight of feed. The embodiment 1 of the invention is preparation of bacillus licheniformis powder for degrading vomitoxin. In an embodiment 2, the microbial feed additive is prepared according to the content of the invention. The embodiment 3 is a detoxification experiment of the prepared feed additive on vomitoxin in the growing-finishing pig feed. Through verification of an embodiment 3, the traditional Chinese medicine composition has a remarkable improvement effect on broiler production performance and immunity decline caused by vomitoxin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and specifically relates to a microbial feed additive for preventing and treating livestock and poultry poisoning symptoms caused by vomitoxin and its application. Background Art

[0002] Vomitoxin is a type of mycotoxin with similar chemical structures and related chemical properties. Vomitoxin is mainly produced by fungi such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, and Trichothecium. According to the differences in chemical structures, vomitoxin can be divided into 4 types, namely type A, B, C, and D. Among them, type A and B vomitoxins are more common. Common type A vomitoxins include T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, fusaric acid (NEO), etc., and common type B vomitoxins include deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), etc. The toxicity-related groups of vomitoxin are epoxy group, alkene group, acetyl group, and hydroxyl group. Due to different chemical properties, there are significant differences in toxicity among vomitoxins. Most vomitoxins belong to tissue stimulants and pro-inflammatory factors, so they can directly affect the intestines of livestock and poultry and damage the digestive tract mucosa. However, the liver and kidneys are the ultimate target organs of vomitoxin. The clinical symptoms after vomitoxin poisoning usually include reduced appetite or even anorexia, inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, diarrhea, poor blood coagulation, decreased immunity, abortion in female livestock, etc.

[0003] Methods for removing vomitoxin include physical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods. Physical and chemical methods can remove some toxins, but they have many disadvantages. For example, in the heat treatment method of physical methods, high temperature will damage the nutritional value of grains or feeds, and the toxicity of the products generated by thermal decomposition of vomitoxin is unknown. When treating mycotoxins with chemical reagents, the problem of chemical reagent residues cannot be solved. Most methods have low feasibility and potential risks; when using adsorbents to remove vomitoxin, the adsorption is not specific, and other nutrients in the feed will also be adsorbed while adsorbing toxins; the toxins adsorbed by the adsorbent are not really decomposed, and will still cause secondary environmental pollution after being excreted from the body with the organism. In summary, physical and chemical removal methods are not suitable for removing mycotoxins in feeds. Mycotoxin biodegradation refers to the process in which enzymes produced by microorganisms, plants, and their metabolites react with toxins to destroy the toxicity groups in the molecular structure of toxins and generate non-toxic by-products. Using the biodegradation method can not only effectively remove vomitoxin in feeds, but also will not affect other nutrients in the feeds and will not cause secondary environmental pollution. The biodegradation method is a safe, efficient, and green solution for vomitoxin.

[0004] Tributyrin can be converted into butyric acid in livestock and poultry. Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid present in the animal intestine, which can provide energy for intestinal epithelial cells and promote the growth and development of intestinal epithelium. Tributyrin can improve the small intestine morphology, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal cells, and promote the absorption of nutrients. Glucose oxidase belongs to aerobic dehydrogenase. After entering the animal body, glucose oxidase finally generates gluconic acid from glucose under the action of oxygen molecules. It not only consumes the oxygen in the intestine to form an anaerobic environment, but also reduces the intestinal pH, which is more conducive to the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria, inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, etc., and reduces the production of putrefactive substances, thereby improving the body immunity. Glucose oxidase has strong substrate specificity and will not affect other nutrients in the feed. Immune polysaccharides generally refer to carbohydrate substances with immune functions, which are usually composed of one or more combinations. After entering the livestock and poultry body through the feed, immune polysaccharides can regulate the intestinal microecological balance of animals, protect the liver, improve the detoxification ability of the liver, reduce the occurrence of inflammation, and enhance the immune ability of animals.

[0005] Bacillus licheniformis belongs to Gram-positive bacteria and is a kind of microorganism allowed to be added to the feed. Bacillus licheniformis is heat-resistant, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, has strong stress resistance, and is easy to store. It is found that Bacillus licheniformis can promote the growth of dominant intestinal flora, further improve the digestibility of feed nutrients, reduce feed waste, and improve the body immunity of animals. The Bacillus licheniformis in the present invention degrades vomitoxin into non-toxic by-products by destroying the toxic group of vomitoxin, thus eliminating the harm of vomitoxin to livestock and poultry. This Bacillus licheniformis can also regulate the intestinal microecological balance of livestock and poultry, inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria, improve the body immunity, and promote the healthy growth of animals. At present, most physical adsorbents are used in the market to remove vomitoxin from the feed. However, due to the chemical structure characteristics of vomitoxin, the adsorption effect of the adsorbent on vomitoxin is not ideal. The present invention uses microorganisms to specifically degrade vomitoxin, and at the same time repairs and maintains the intestinal tract of livestock and poultry, improves the body immunity, and comprehensively solves the problem of vomitoxin poisoning in livestock and poultry. There are few relevant reports at present. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for preventing livestock and poultry diseases caused by vomitoxin. By using the feed additive of the present invention, the feed intake of livestock and poultry can be significantly increased, the feed conversion efficiency can be improved, the immunity of livestock and poultry can be enhanced, the intestinal health can be improved, and the production performance of livestock and poultry can be improved.

[0007] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present invention;

[0008] A feed additive for preventing and treating symptoms of vomitoxin poisoning, and the weight parts composition of the feed additive is as follows: 5-10 parts of tributyrin, 1-5 parts of immune polysaccharide, 85-94 parts of Bacillus licheniformis for degrading vomitoxin, and 200-500 U / g of glucose oxidase.

[0009] Further, the Bacillus licheniformis for degrading vomitoxin is a strain screened from animal chyme.

[0010] Further, the various raw materials are crushed and passed through a 60-mesh analytical sieve, and then prepared according to the ratio and mixed evenly.

[0011] Further, in 100 parts by weight of feed, the feed additive of the present invention accounts for 0.01-0.02 parts by weight.

[0012] Further, the livestock and poultry are pigs, chickens, ducks, cows, and sheep.

[0013] Further, the feed additive for preventing and treating symptoms of vomitoxin poisoning is applied to prevent and treat intestinal damage and decreased production performance of growing-finishing pigs caused by vomitoxin.

[0014] Further, the microbial feed additive for preventing vomitoxin poisoning is applied to prevent and treat decreased production performance and immune function of broilers caused by vomitoxin.

[0015] The preparation method of the feed additive is as follows:

[0016] Fully crush the various raw materials of the feed additive, all pass through an 80-mesh analytical sieve, prepare according to the ratio, and mix evenly to obtain.

[0017] The feed additive of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) Alleviate the digestive tract damage of livestock and poultry and maintain the health of the digestive tract. Tributyrin can improve the small intestine morphology, promote the development of small intestinal epithelial cells, make the small intestinal villi longer and the crypts deeper, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal cells, and promote the absorption of nutrients.

[0019] (2) Improve the digestive tract environment, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. After glucose oxidase enters the body of livestock and poultry, it uses oxygen molecules to convert glucose into glucuronic acid, while reducing the intestinal pH, forming an anaerobic environment, which is beneficial to the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and inhibits the growth and reproduction of intestinal harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

[0020] (3) Improve the immunity of livestock and poultry. Immune polysaccharide can enhance the integrity of immune cells, improve the immune function of the animal body, and promote the healthy growth of animals.

[0021] (4)Effectively and efficiently degrade deoxynivalenol. The Bacillus licheniformis in the present invention can specifically degrade deoxynivalenol in feed and decompose it into non-toxic by-products. While degrading mycotoxins, it will not affect other nutrients in the feed and will not affect the palatability of the feed.

[0022] (5) The feed additive of the present invention does not contain antibiotics, has a reasonable compatibility, will not produce drug resistance, and has no toxic or side effects. It has strong practical application value. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the examples are carried out under conventional experimental conditions. In addition, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention, various modifications or improvements made to the material components and dosages in these implementation schemes all fall within the scope claimed by the present invention. The percentage "%" involved in the examples refers to the mass percentage unless otherwise specified; the percentage of the solution refers to the number of grams of solute contained in 100 mL.

[0024]

Example 1

[0025] Seed liquid activation: The freeze-dried powder of Bacillus licheniformis for degrading deoxynivalenol stored in a cryopreservation tube is activated with a culture medium. Then, it is inoculated into a triangular flask containing the activation culture medium at an inoculation ratio of 2% for seed liquid activation. Culture conditions: culture temperature 30 - 33 °C, pH 7.4, dissolved oxygen 70% - 80%, rotation speed 180 r / min, activation time 16 - 18 h. The activation culture medium is: 10.0 g of tryptone, 5.0 g of yeast extract powder, 10.0 g of sodium chloride, 1000 mL of distilled water, pH 7.4.

[0026] Primary fermentation: The activated seed liquid (0.5×10 10 CFU / g - 1×10 10 CFU / g) is inoculated into a primary fermentation tank at an inoculation amount of 1% for enlarged culture (the fermentation conditions are the same as the activation conditions).

[0027] Secondary fermentation: The fermentation broth in the primary fermentation tank is transported to the secondary fermentation tank through a sterile pipeline for secondary enlarged culture (the fermentation conditions are the same as the seed activation conditions).

[0028] Preparation of the powder: The thalli and the fermentation broth are separated by a high-speed centrifugal separator, and the separated thalli are transported to a freeze dryer for low-temperature drying to keep the moisture below 10%. After drying, the thalli powder is mixed evenly to obtain the product.

[0029]

Example 2

[0030] The raw materials of the feed additive of the present invention are formulated according to the following ratio: 5-10 parts of tributyrin, 1-5 parts of immune polysaccharide, 85-94 parts of Bacillus licheniformis for degrading vomitoxin, and 200-500 U / g of glucose oxidase.

[0031]

Example 3

[0032] Eighteen Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire ternary hybrid castrated growing-finishing pigs with similar physiques and similar weights were selected for the experiment. They were divided into 3 treatment groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 1 pig in each replicate. The experimental grouping and treatment are as follows: 1) Positive control group: fed a normal diet without adding feed additive, and the content of vomitoxin (DON) was 103.47 μg / kg; 2) Negative control group: fed a moldy diet without adding feed additive, and the content of vomitoxin was 1756.33 μg / kg; 3) Experimental group: based on the diet of the negative control group, 0.01 part by weight of the feed additive of the present invention was added to every 100 parts by weight of the feed, and the content of vomitoxin was 1806.74 μg / kg. The specific experimental design is shown in Table 1. The initial weights among the treatments were not significantly different. An automatic feeding system was used throughout the experiment, and the pigs had free access to food and water. The pre-feeding period was 3 days, and the experimental period was 28 days.

[0033] After the experiment started, according to the data recorded by the automatic feeding system, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed-to-gain ratio were statistically analyzed. After the experiment ended, one pig was randomly selected from each treatment for slaughter. After slaughter, the main organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney were separated to calculate the organ index. The slaughtered pigs were dissected along the abdomen, and the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken to make tissue sections and measure the height of the small intestinal villi and the depth of the crypts.

[0034] Table 1 Experimental design

[0035]

[0036] Table 2 Effects of the feed additive on the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

[0037]

[0038] Values with different lowercase superscripts in the same column indicate significant differences.

[0039] As can be seen from Table 2, the diet containing vomitoxin can reduce the average daily feed intake of growing-finishing pigs, the average daily gain is significantly reduced, and the feed-to-gain ratio shows an upward trend. Adding the present invention to the moldy diet can significantly improve the production performance of growing-finishing pigs and restore it to the normal level.

[0040] Table 3 Effects of Feed Additives on Organ Indices of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] Different lowercase letters in the superscript of the same column of data indicate significant differences.

[0044] As can be seen from Table 3, the diet contaminated with vomitoxin can damage the liver, kidney and spleen, causing them to enlarge, and the organ indices are significantly greater than those of the normal diet group. However, adding the feed additive of the present invention to the moldy diet can significantly improve the damage of vomitoxin to the viscera and restore it to the normal level.

[0045] Table 4 Effects of Feed Additives on Intestinal Villi Height and Crypt Depth of Growing-Finishing Pigs

[0046]

[0047] Different lowercase letters in the superscript of the same row of data indicate significant differences.

[0048] As can be seen from Table 4, vomitoxin can significantly reduce the intestinal villi height, significantly increase the crypt depth of the duodenum, and significantly reduce the ratio of villi height to crypt depth, causing certain damage to the small intestinal epithelium. However, adding the feed additive to the moldy diet can significantly improve the damage of vomitoxin to the intestinal villi, restore it to the normal level, and has a certain function of promoting the development of intestinal villi, improving the intestinal absorption capacity.

[0049] In summary, the feed additive of the present invention has been verified by animal experiments and can significantly improve the decline in production performance and intestinal damage of growing-finishing pigs caused by vomitoxin.

[0050] Example 4 Detoxification Experiment of Feed Additive on Vomitoxin in Broiler Feed

[0051] Three thousand 1-day-old healthy white - feather broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 10 replicates for each treatment and 100 chickens in each replicate. The initial body weights of chickens in each treatment had no significant difference. The specific experimental design is shown in Table 5. The positive control group was the normal diet group without adding feed additives; the negative control group was the moldy diet group without adding feed additives; the experimental group was based on the negative control group with the addition of feed additives. Among them, the DON content in the positive control group was 120.57 μg / kg, and the T - 2 toxin content was 24.36 μg / kg; the DON contents in the negative control group and the experimental group were 1631.24 μg / kg and 1703.11 μg / kg respectively, and the T - 2 toxins were 754.34 μg / kg and 731.26 μg / kg respectively. The experimental group added 0.05 parts by weight of feed additives to 100 parts by weight of feed. During the experiment, the chickens had free access to food and water, were disinfected regularly, and received routine immunization. The experimental period was 42 days. During the experiment, the feed consumption, body weight gain of chickens, and the number of dead chickens were recorded in units of replicates, and the average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, and feed - to - meat ratio were calculated. After the experiment, 5 chickens were randomly selected from each replicate, blood was collected from the wing - vein under the wing, centrifuged at 1000 r / min for 10 min at 4°C to separate the serum for serum immune index detection. After the chickens were slaughtered, the livers were dissected for detecting liver antioxidant indexes.

[0052] Table 5 Experimental design

[0053]

[0054] Table 6 Effects of feed additives on the production performance of broilers

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Values with different lowercase letters in the same column as superscripts indicate significant differences.

[0058] As can be seen from Table 6, deoxynivalenol can significantly decrease the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of broilers, and significantly increase the death and culling rate. Adding the feed additive of the present invention to the moldy diet can significantly improve the production performance of broilers and significantly reduce the death and culling rate. It shows that the feed additive of the present invention can significantly improve the poisoning symptoms caused by deoxynivalenol and improve the production performance of broilers.

[0059] Table 7 Effects of feed additives on the antioxidant performance of broiler livers

[0060]

[0061] Values with different lowercase letters in the same column as superscripts indicate significant differences.

[0062] As can be seen from Table 7, the vomitoxin in the feed can significantly reduce the total antioxidant capacity, and the contents of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. After adding the present invention to the moldy feed, the antioxidant performance of broilers can be significantly improved. Among them, the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase increased by 18.18%, 2.24%, and 8.83% respectively.

[0063] Table 8 Effects of Feed Additives on Serum Immune Indexes of Broilers

[0064]

[0065] Different lowercase letters in the superscript of the same column of data indicate significant differences.

[0066] As can be seen from Table 8, the moldy diet can first significantly reduce the contents of total protein, IgA, and IgG in the serum of broilers. The content of IgM shows a decreasing trend, but the difference is not significant. Adding feed additives to the moldy diet can improve the decline in immunity caused by vomitoxin in broilers and restore it to the normal level.

[0067] In summary, the feed additive of the present invention has been verified by animal tests and has a significant improvement effect on the production performance and decline in immunity of broilers caused by vomitoxin.

Claims

1. A microbial feed additive for preventing vomitoxin poisoning and its application, characterized in that, The weight composition of the feed additive is as follows: 5-10 parts of tributyrin, 1-5 parts of immune polysaccharide, 85-94 parts of Bacillus licheniformis for degrading vomitoxin, and 200-500 U / g of glucose oxidase.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Bacillus licheniformis for degrading vomitoxin is screened from animal chyme and can specifically degrade vomitoxin in feed.

3. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, It is obtained by pulverizing the above raw materials through an 80-mesh analytical sieve, formulating them according to the proportion, and mixing evenly.

4. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, In 100 parts by weight of feed, there is 0.01-0.02 parts by weight of the feed additive.

5. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry are pigs, chickens, ducks, cows, and sheep.

6. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that The feed additive is used to prevent and treat intestinal damage and decreased production performance caused by vomitoxin poisoning in growing and finishing pigs. The feed additive according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that Prevent and treat the decreased production performance and immune function of broilers caused by vomitoxin poisoning.

Images