Apocynum venetum refined dry fiber and production process thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an apocynum venetum refined dry fiber production process. The apocynum venetum refined dry fiber production process comprises the following steps: (1) decorticating, drying and softening: performing mechanical decorticating, drying and softening treatment and fluffing on apocynum venetum stalks; (2) performing biological degumming, and performing fiber beating treatment after degumming; (3) performing mild boiling-off and degumming on the white hemp, and performing milder refining treatment on the hibiscus cannabinus; (4) bleaching; (5) feeding oil; and (6) drying the apocynum venetum obtained in the step (5) to finally obtain the apocynum venetum refined dry fiber. According to the production process, strong acid (such as H2SO4), strong alkali (such as NaOH) and a strong oxidant (such as NaC10) are not used, two high-pressure and high-temperature boiling-off procedures are canceled, a manner of combining biological degumming and boiling-off degumming (or refining) treatment is adopted, chlorine overflow poison is avoided, strong acid and strong alkali burning accidents are avoided, the working environment is greatly improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the production cost is reduced. And the natural excellent properties and health-care functions of the apocynum venetum fiber are retained to the greatest extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of apocynum fiber preparation, and particularly to a refined apocynum fiber and its production process. Background Art

[0002] Two materials can be obtained by mechanical separation of apocynum: one is the bast, i.e., the phloem long fiber, and the other is the rod core, i.e., the woody short fiber; the phloem fiber is mainly used for healthcare clothing, knitted underwear, bedding, and textile handicrafts, and can also be used as parachutes, mechanical transmission belts, tires, rubber boats, high-grade raincoats, automotive interiors, etc. For example, adding apocynum waste fiber to some non-woven fabrics can endow them with healthcare effects and increase the added value of the products; the rod core is used in multiple industries such as papermaking, building materials, carbon production, and feed. Figure 1 This is the cross-sectional structure of apocynum. From the outside to the inside, the cross-section of the apocynum stem is respectively: 1. Cuticle; 2. Cork layer; 3. Parenchyma; 4. Fiber bundle; 5. Cambium; 6. Xylem; 7. Medullary layer; 8. Pith. The phloem is composed of 3, 4, and 5. Due to the tight combination of the inner cambium 5 of the phloem with the xylem, and the fact that apocynum has many branches, slender stems, a relatively thin phloem, and the surface is also covered with the cork layer 2, it is particularly difficult to separate the apocynum skin from the core. The main gum content of apocynum skin is about 17% lignin, about 18% pectin, and about 13% hemicellulose; the main gum content of raw ramie is less than 1.8% lignin, about 4% pectin, and 8 - 15% hemicellulose. By comparison, it can be seen that apocynum has a high lignin content, and lignin is a natural polymer with a three-dimensional structure and relatively high chemical stability, making it difficult to remove.

[0003] Luobu hemp is divided into large-leaf white hemp and red hemp. The length of Luobu hemp white hemp fiber is usually only 1 / 2 of that of ramie fiber, and the length of red hemp fiber is usually only 1 / 3 of that of ramie fiber, and the uniformity is poor, and the content of short fibers (less than 15mm) is high; the fiber fineness is about half that of ramie fiber. Because the inner cambium of its phloem is closely combined with the xylem, and Luobu hemp has many branches, thin stems, thin phloem, and the surface is covered with a cork layer, it is particularly difficult to separate the skin and core of Luobu hemp. The main methods of stripping hemp are manual stripping, mechanical stripping, and bleaching and acid washing to remove hemp. The Luobu hemp bast obtained by stripping hemp is then degummed, and 7~10% of bast can be obtained from the harvested Luobu hemp stems. After degumming the bast, about 37~40% of dry hemp can be extracted. The composition of the obtained bast is related to the peeling method. For example, the chemical composition of the bast obtained by hand peeling is 16.22% lignin, 16.95% pectin, and 12.88% hemicellulose; mechanical peeling has high efficiency, but the chemical composition of the obtained bast is not ideal, with only 8.5% lignin, 9.16% pectin, and 11.87% hemicellulose. The reason for the difference in composition between the two is that mechanical peeling technology usually includes peeling-degumming bleaching-oiling-drying steps. Conventional peeling has a greater degree of damage to the cuticle and cork layer on the surface of the ramie skin, and is easily mixed with impurities on the surface of the ramie skin and ramie core debris, especially the ramie fiber is severely damaged; the ramie bast obtained by peeling needs to be degummed through a combined process of bleaching, acidification, and washing to obtain the ideal ramie fiber. The production process consumes a lot of water, inevitably produces strong acid and strong alkali wastewater, which is easy to cause environmental pollution. The working conditions of the operators are poor, and the wastewater needs to be further treated, resulting in increased production costs. And because the length of white hemp fiber of Lop Neck is usually only 1 / 2 of that of ramie fiber, and the length of kenaf fiber is only 1 / 3 of that of ramie fiber, the physical properties of white hemp fiber and Lop Neck Hemp kenaf fiber are quite different. The initial fineness of white hemp fiber is relatively coarse and the fiber length is long, so spinning requires a higher degree of degumming. The initial fineness of kenaf fiber is about 5000 metric count, which is finer than white hemp, and the fiber is shorter than white hemp, and the residual glue rate is slightly higher than that of white hemp. In the prior art, the steps of stripping hemp and pickling are all treated in the same way without distinction. The obtained Lop Neck Hemp fiber has been damaged, and the fiber fineness and degumming rate cannot be guaranteed at the same time.

[0004] Therefore, there is currently a lack of a process for producing refined apocynum venetum fiber which causes less damage to the apocynum venetum fiber and has a low impurity content. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims at the shortcomings and defects mentioned in the above background technology, such as the existing mechanical ramie stripping technology causing great damage to the ramie bast fiber, high impurity content, large water consumption and easy environmental pollution, and provides a ramie dried fiber and its production process with technical and economic feasibility.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: A production process of apocynum venetum refined fiber, wherein the apocynum venetum fiber is divided into apocynum venetum white fiber and apocynum venetum red fiber, respectively, by the following steps: (1) Stripping and softening: The bast obtained by mechanically stripping the stalks of Apocynum venetum is softened and shaken to obtain the bast of Apocynum venetum; (2) bio-degumming: subjecting the apocynum bast obtained in step (1) to bio-degumming, and then beating the apocynum bast to obtain apocynum bast fiber; (3) When the apocynum venetum is white apocynum venetum, the method further comprises a scouring and degumming step: preparing a scouring solution, and scouring and degumming the apocynum venetum bast fiber obtained in step (2); the scouring solution comprises the following raw material components: 5-8 g / l of composite ammonium salt, 1-4 g / l of potassium hydroxide, 0.06-0.3% of anthraquinone by weight based on the weight of the apocynum venetum, and 0.5-2.5% of sodium tripolyphosphate by weight based on the weight of the apocynum venetum; When the apocynum venetum is apocynum kenaf, the method further comprises a refining step: preparing a refining solution to refine the apocynum venetum bast fiber obtained in step (2); the refining solution comprises the following raw material components: potassium hydroxide in an amount of 0.5-2% of the mass of the apocynum venetum, and soda ash in an amount of 1.5-2.3% of the mass of the apocynum venetum; (4) Bleaching: preparing a bleaching solution to bleach the apocynum bast fiber obtained in step (3); the bleaching solution comprises the following raw material components: 5-8 g / l peracetic acid, 1-3 g / l sodium pyrophosphate, 1-3 g / l penetrant JFC, and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the pH value of the bleaching solution is adjusted to 6-8 by using the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; (5) Oiling: preparing an oiling solution, soaking the apocynum bast fiber obtained in step (4) in the oiling solution, and stirring and circulating the oiling solution; the oiling solution comprises the following raw material components in a mass ratio: 10-30% of sperm whale oil sulfate, 20-40% of higher alcohol sulfate, 10-20% of fatty acid sorbitan ester, 5-8% of polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant, and 10-25% of vegetable oil; (6) Drying the bast fiber obtained in step (5) to finally obtain degummed bast fiber.

[0007] The present invention provides a production process for apocynum ramie refined fiber, which can meet the production requirements of apocynum ramie fiber with single fiber as the main body and a small amount of process (bundle) fiber spinning as the appropriate reserve. The technical solution of the present invention adopts a production method combining biological degumming and chemical degumming. Compared with single chemical degumming, it does not require the use of strong acid and alkali, and is less harmful to apocynum ramie fiber; this degumming process does not require bleaching and acid washing, which can reduce the loss of apocynum ramie fiber and greatly reduce the water consumption, which is only ⅓ of the existing technology.

[0008] In step (3) of the technical solution of the present invention, according to the differences of different Apocynum venetum, scouring (white Apocynum venetum) or refining (red Apocynum venetum) processes are respectively adopted to remove the residual gum.

[0009] When treating white Apocynum venetum with scouring process, the composite ammonium salt and potassium hydroxide can effectively hydrolyze the residual pectin and hemicellulose in biological degumming, and the hydrolysis ability of potassium hydroxide to hemicellulose is stronger than that of other hydroxides; during hydrolysis, due to the chemical bond connection between the surface lignin and hemicellulose of Apocynum venetum, they will fall off and dissolve into the scouring solution together, and the inner lignin is exposed to contact with anthraquinone, which is conducive to promoting the removal of lignin. Anthraquinone is reduced to anthrahydroquinone in the alkaline scouring solution, and anthrahydroquinone reacts with the methylene quinone of lignin to promote the cleavage of the β-ether bond of lignin to form fragments, accelerating the removal of lignin, and anthrahydroquinone can be oxidized to regenerate anthraquinone. The reduction and oxidation between anthraquinone and anthrahydroquinone form a cycle, greatly reducing the production cost. Sodium tripolyphosphate is a rapid scouring aid, which has the functions of penetration, diffusion and emulsification, and has certain complexing or chelating ability. The scouring waste liquid contains organic compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, which can be directly discharged or used for agricultural production, can supplement the organic matter in the soil, and is conducive to the treatment of desertification.

[0010] When treating red Apocynum venetum with refining process, the contents of potassium hydroxide and soda ash in the refining solution are low, which causes less damage to the Apocynum venetum fiber. It can not only meet the technological requirements of degumming, but also control the residual gum rate and fiber fineness of red Apocynum venetum to the greatest extent. The fiber length and thickness of the degummed red Apocynum venetum fiber prepared are moderate, which is suitable for the spinning of high count yarns. The refining process uses less water than the scouring process, the waste liquid pollution is very slight, and because the waste liquid contains potassium, it can be directly discharged, which is conducive to land improvement and increasing fertility.

[0011] In step (4) of the technical solution of the present invention, peracetic acid is an ecological and environment-friendly bleaching agent, which has better bleaching effect, milder treatment conditions and minimal damage to fibers compared with hydrogen peroxide used in the traditional process.

[0012] In step (5) of the technical solution of the present invention, cetyl sulfate is beneficial to increasing the cohesion and bundling property of fibers, higher alcohol sulfate can improve the fibrillation and antistatic property of fibers, non-ionic surfactants can adjust the static friction coefficient between fibers, and vegetable oil can reduce the dynamic friction factor between fibers and metals. The above several raw materials are mixed, which can adjust the frictional force on the fiber surface with grease, avoid fiber bonding, change the rough defects on the fiber surface and prevent the re-aggregation of residual gum, making the fibers soft, loose and white.

[0013] Preferably, the bast stripping and softening treatment in step (1) specifically includes: removing the Apocynum venetum tips composed of lignified and cutin on the Apocynum venetum tip remover, separating the Apocynum venetum bark by the Apocynum venetum bast stripper, and then subjecting the separated Apocynum venetum bark to extrusion, bending, stretching, and kneading by the Apocynum venetum softening machine.

[0014] Extruding, bending, and kneading the skin fibers of Apocynum venetum with a grooved roller having a certain elastic arc can greatly reduce fiber damage.

[0015] Preferably, the biological degumming in step (2) is specifically as follows: (1) Preparing a crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution, where the composite degumming fermentation enzyme includes pectinase and hemicellulase; (2) Diluting the crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution in step (1), and retting the Apocynum venetum bast at 45 - 55 °C for 1 - 2 h to complete biological degumming.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention uses a crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution that can be reused for biological degumming, effectively reducing production costs, and the degumming scale is easy to control, having technical and economic feasibility.

[0017] More preferably, the composite degumming fermentation enzyme further includes one or more of amylase, protease, or CMC enzyme, the hemicellulase includes xylanase, the activity of the pectinase is 18000 - 22000 ug / ml.min; the crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution is diluted by adding water to 6 - 10 times the original volume.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention uses a composite enzyme system of pectinase and hemicellulase to achieve the effect of highly efficient degumming of Apocynum venetum by lysing (dissolving) pectin.

[0019] More preferably, the preparation of the crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution is specifically as follows: preserving the composite degumming fermentation enzyme strain, purifying the composite degumming fermentation enzyme strain, activating the composite degumming fermentation enzyme strain, amplifying the composite degumming fermentation enzyme strain in a shake flask, and subjecting the amplified composite degumming fermentation enzyme strain to treatment in a primary seed tank, a secondary seed tank, and a tertiary seed tank in sequence, and fermenting to obtain the crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution.

[0020] Preferably, the beating in step (2) is physical beating. By hammering the Apocynum venetum bast fibers, some of the gum substances separated from the biological degumming are removed. At the same time, the Apocynum venetum bast fibers are washed by hydraulic jet, and the gum substances are separated. The water pressure of the hydraulic jet is 1.2 - 1.6 kg, and the water consumption per hour is 8 - 12 t.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention achieves the effects of reducing the loss of Apocynum venetum bast fibers and saving water by skillfully setting the water spraying pressure.

[0022] Preferably, wire meshes are installed along the inner and outer circles of the disk for beating fiber in the hydraulic jet equipment adopted in the present invention. The flushing water pipes are respectively connected to the positions on both sides of the upper beating part from the lower water inlet pipes, and the water spraying positions and directions can be freely adjusted.

[0023] Preferably, in the scouring and degumming in step (3), the bath ratio of the scouring solution to the Apocynum venetum bast fiber is 1:7 - 10; under a pressure of 0.1 - 0.2 MPa, the scouring time is 1.5 - 2.5 h; in the refining, the bath ratio of the refining solution to the Apocynum venetum bast fiber is 1:7 - 10, and the refining time is 1.5 - 3.5 h; after the scouring or refining is completed, the treated fiber is dehydrated and loosened.

[0024] More preferably, the composite ammonium salt comprises (NH4)2SO3 and / or (NH4)C2O4.

[0025] Preferably, in the bleaching in step (4), the pH is 6 - 8, the temperature is 50 - 70 °C, the bath ratio of the bleaching solution to the Apocynum venetum bast fiber is 1:8 - 12, and the time is 1 - 1.5 h; after the bleaching step is completed, the treated fiber is beaten, dehydrated, and loosened. The specific process parameters of the bleaching step in the technical solution of the present invention can be flexibly mastered and adjusted according to the quality of the scoured and degummed fiber.

[0026] Preferably, in the oiling in step (5), the mass ratio of the total raw material components of the oiling solution to water is 1:20 - 30, the bath ratio of the oiling solution to the Apocynum venetum bast fiber is 1:8 - 12, the temperature is 90 - 100 °C, and the stewing time is 4 - 6 h; after the oiling step is completed, the treated fiber is beaten, dehydrated, and loosened. The oiling step in the technical solution of the present invention can effectively improve the cohesion, bundling property, and fiber opening property between Apocynum venetum fibers, reduce the stiffness, and make it easier to spin.

[0027] Preferably, in step (6), physical sun drying is adopted for drying.

[0028] Preferably, in step (3), a rotating spherical steamer is adopted for scouring.

[0029] Under the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides Apocynum venetum degummed fiber obtained by a production process of Apocynum venetum degummed fiber. The Apocynum venetum degummed fiber includes Apocynum venetum white fiber and Apocynum venetum red fiber, wherein the residual gum rate of the Apocynum venetum degummed fiber of Apocynum venetum white fiber is 5 - 7%; the residual gum rate of the Apocynum venetum degummed fiber of Apocynum venetum red fiber is 7 - 10%; the moisture regain rate of the Apocynum venetum fiber is 7 - 9%.

[0030] The fiber lengths and fineness regularities of Apocynum pictum and Apocynum venetum are both poor, especially the short fiber rate (<15mm) is high. In order to ensure the quality of the spun yarn and smooth spinning, it is necessary to degum appropriately. After the degumming treatment of the present invention, the residual gum content of the Apocynum pictum fiber in the degummed Apocynum fiber is about 7%, and the residual gum content of the Apocynum venetum fiber is about 9%. The present invention provides Apocynum degummed fiber with a low residual gum rate and suitable for spinning production.

[0031] Preferably, the Apocynum degummed fiber comprises single fibers and technical (bundle) fibers. In the Apocynum degummed fiber of the present invention, with single fibers as the main body and a small amount of technical (bundle) fibers appropriately retained, it is beneficial to fiber spinning.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The production process of the present invention adopts a combination of biological degumming and scouring degumming or refining, which protects the cellulose of the Apocynum bast fiber from being degraded during degumming as much as possible; the use of the oiling solution can significantly improve the spinnability of the fiber; thus, the yield rate of degummed Apocynum (fiber) is increased by 2 - 5 percentage points, and the excellent quality and health care effects of the Apocynum fiber are retained to the greatest extent; in the whole production process, the cost of Apocynum pictum degumming can be reduced by 20%; the cost of Apocynum venetum degumming can be reduced by 25%; 2) Through the classification treatment process of Apocynum pictum and Apocynum venetum of the present invention, the degumming aims to make most of the fibers into single fibers and retain a small amount of technical fibers. The residual gum rate after degumming is 6 - 10%. The yield rate of degummed Apocynum is increased from 36% - 38% to 38% - 42%. The average length of the Apocynum pictum degummed fiber is increased from 28 - 33mm to 33 - 40mm, and the average length of the Apocynum venetum degummed fiber is increased from 22 - 25mm to 25 - 35mm.

[0033] 3) The present invention does not use strong acids (such as H2SO4), strong alkalis (such as NaOH), strong oxidants (such as NaC 10 )), and does not require two high-pressure and high-temperature scouring processes. It can effectively improve the working environment and greatly reduce the pollution of waste liquid discharge. The scouring and refining waste liquid contains compound organic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can be directly discharged or used for agricultural production, can supplement the organic matter of desertified soil, and control desertification; the bleaching, acid washing, and combined process and the water consumption of processes such as fiber beating are cancelled. The degumming water consumption per ton of degummed Apocynum (fiber) is reduced from nearly 500 tons of water in traditional degumming to less than 200 tons of water, and the water consumption is less than half of the traditional process. For the processing method, there is no chlorine gas overflow poisoning, and there will be no strong acid or strong alkali burning accidents. The working environment and labor intensity are greatly improved. The scouring uses compound ammonium salt - potassium hydroxide, and the scouring liquid can be directly discharged, improving sandy wasteland and increasing soil fertility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 is the cross-sectional structure of Apocynum venetum.

[0036] Among them: 1, cuticle; 2, cork layer; 3, parenchyma; 4, fiber bundle; 5, cambium; 6, xylem; 7, medullary layer; 8, pith. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will describe the present invention more comprehensively and meticulously in combination with the specification drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all the professional terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present invention can be obtained through the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0040] Example 1: This example is the production process of Apocynum venetum scoured fiber, and its specific steps are as follows: (1) The Apocynum venetum stems of Apocynum venetum cv. dahuricum are harvested after the withering stage. At this time, the hemp plants are tall, the fiber yield is high, and the fiber quality is good. The stems are basically withered, which is conducive to mechanical separation. After removing the tips by a tip remover, the hemp bark is separated by an Apocynum venetum skin-core separator, and then the hemp bark is loosened on an Apocynum venetum shaking machine to remove impurities and soften the hemp bark.

[0041] The hemp bark is dried and softened once by an Apocynum venetum softening machine to remove impurities and soften the hemp bark, obtaining Apocynum venetum bast.

[0042] (2) Biological degumming: Prepare the fermented crude enzyme solution, specifically: preserve the compound degumming fermentation enzyme strains, purify to obtain the rejuvenated compound degumming fermentation enzyme strains, activate the compound degumming fermentation enzyme strains, amplify the compound degumming fermentation enzyme strains in a shaking flask, and subject the amplified compound degumming fermentation enzyme strains to treatment in a first-stage seed tank, a second-stage seed tank, and a third-stage seed tank in sequence, and ferment to obtain the compound degumming fermentation enzyme crude solution; The retted Apocynum venetum bast is immersed in the fermented crude enzyme solution diluted 10 times with water, and retted at 50 °C for 1 hour. The crude enzyme solution is dominated by pectinase, and hemicellulase, amylase, protease, CMC enzyme, etc. cooperate to enzymatically degrade the gum of Apocynum venetum. The pectinase activity is 20000 ug / ml.min. In the Apocynum venetum bast, pectin coexists with hemicellulose and lignin and adheres to each other. Once the pectin is lysed or dissolved, part of the insoluble lignin also dissolves into the crude enzyme solution.

[0043] Inactivate the enzyme with hot water (about 80 °C), beat and hammer the Apocynum venetum to separate part of the gum removed by biological degumming, and at the same time wash it with hydraulic jet. The hydraulic jet water pressure is 1.5 kg, and the water consumption per hour is 10 t, so that the gum falls into the sewer. After beating, dehydrate and loosen to obtain the Apocynum venetum bast fiber after biological degumming.

[0044] (3)Boiling degumming: Prepare the boiling solution, 5 g / l of compound ammonium salt, 2 g / l of potassium hydroxide, 0.5 kg of anthraquinone per pot, 7 kg of sodium tripolyphosphate per pot. Add 500 kg of Apocynum venetum bast fiber after biological degumming to each pot, liquor ratio: 1:8, pressure 0.1 Mpa, and boil for 2 h using a rotary spherical device to obtain boiled hemp fiber; the compound ammonium salt contains (NH4)2SO3 and (NH4)C2O4.

[0045] After boiling, beat, dehydrate and loosen again to obtain boiled hemp fiber; (4)Prepare the bleaching solution: 5 g / l of peracetic acid, 1 g / l of sodium pyrophosphate, 1 g / l of penetrant JFC, and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used to adjust the pH of the bleaching solution to 7; Immerse the loosened boiled hemp fiber in the bleaching solution for bleaching to obtain bleached fiber.

[0046] Dehydrate and loosen the bleached fiber.

[0047] (5)Prepare the oiling solution: 22% of spermaceti oil sulfate, 36% of higher alcohol sulfate, 16% of fatty acid sorbitan ester, 3% of polyoxyethylene non-ionic surfactant, 23% of vegetable oil, and add water with a mass ratio of the total oil components of 1:26; Immerse the loosened bleached fiber in the emulsified oil solution, and stir vigorously with a gear pump to mix evenly. The liquor ratio is 1:8 - 12, the temperature is 80 °C, and the time is 1.5 h.

[0048] (6)Dehydrate and loosen the oil-containing fiber, and finally dry and bake it to obtain Apocynum venetum scutched fiber with a moisture regain of less than 9%.

[0049] Technical parameters of Apocynum venetum scutched fiber: The appearance is white, the hand feeling is soft and loose; the yield rate of Apocynum venetum scutched fiber is 40%, the residual gum rate is 8%, the average fiber length is 36 mm, the fiber breaking length is 45 km and above, and the average fiber fineness is above 2200 metric counts.

[0050] Note: The market price of Apocynum ramie fiber is about 200,000 to 300,000 yuan per ton, and its official moisture regain is 12%. The moisture regain of dried ramie after drying (sun drying) is about 8%. When selling Apocynum ramie fiber, an additional 4% weight should be added for settlement. The water consumption of Apocynum ramie fiber production by traditional technology is about 500 tons per ton, but after adopting this technology, the water consumption is only about 160 tons per ton.

[0051] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is a process for producing apocynum venetum dried fiber of apocynum venetum large-leaf white hemp, and its production steps are the same as those of the first embodiment, except for the scouring and degumming step: 8 g / l of composite ammonium salt, 3 g / l of potassium hydroxide, 0.8 kg / pot of anthraquinone, 500 kg of hemp skin per pot, and 10 kg / pot of sodium tripolyphosphate. Bath ratio: 1:8, pressure 0.15 MPa, scouring for 2 h.

[0052] Technical parameters of the refined hemp fiber of Lophatherum ramie: white appearance, soft and loose touch; residual rubber rate of 6%, average fiber length of 34 mm, fiber breaking length of 43 km and above, average fiber fineness of more than 2500 deniers.

[0053] Example 3 This embodiment is a process for producing apocynum ramie refined fiber of apocynum ramie, and its production steps are the same as those of the first embodiment, with the only difference being that scouring and degumming are replaced by refining, and the refining solution includes the following raw material components: potassium hydroxide with a mass of 1% of the mass of apocynum ramie, and soda ash with a mass of 2% of the mass of apocynum ramie. During the refining process, the bath ratio is 1:9, and scouring is performed at normal pressure for 2 hours.

[0054] Technical parameters of the refined hemp fiber of Lophatherum ramie: white appearance, soft and loose touch; residual rubber rate of 9%, average fiber length of 28 mm, fiber breaking length of 70 km and above, average fiber fineness of more than 2700 deniers.

[0055] Example 4 This embodiment is a process for producing apocynum ramie refined fiber of apocynum ramie, and its production steps are the same as those of the first embodiment, with the only difference being that scouring and degumming are replaced by refining, and the refining solution includes the following raw material components: potassium hydroxide with a mass of 1.8% of the mass of apocynum ramie, and soda ash with a mass of 3% of the mass of apocynum ramie. During the refining process, the bath ratio is 1:9, and the scouring is performed at normal pressure for 3.5 hours.

[0056] The technical parameters of the refined hemp fiber of Lophatherum ramie are: white appearance, soft and loose touch; residual rubber rate is 8%, the average fiber length is 26 mm, the fiber breaking length is 80 km, and the average fiber fineness is 4000 deniers.

[0057] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is a production process of apocynum venetum dried fiber of apocynum venetum and kenaf, and its production steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0058] The technical parameters of degummed apocynum ramie fiber are as follows: residual glue rate 5%, average fiber length 20 mm, fiber breaking length 40 km, average fiber fineness 2200 deniers. The uniformity of apocynum ramie is very poor, and it is difficult to spin all single fibers, which will lead to a lot of waste. In the actual production process, the preferred spinning fiber average length of apocynum ramie fiber is more than 30 mm, and the average fiber fineness is more than 2200 deniers; the length of ramie is 25-35 mm, and the average fiber fineness is 2700-4000 deniers.

[0059] The initial fineness of ramie fiber is very fine, about 5000 deniers, and the fiber is shorter than white ramie. Scouring and degumming may cause the fiber to become shorter, making it difficult to weave and causing a high scrap rate. More degumming of white ramie is beneficial to spinning, while more retained bundle (process) fiber of ramie is beneficial to spinning. This comparative example proves that a gentler method should be selected for ramie degumming.

[0060] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example is a production process of Apocynum venetum refined fiber of Apocynum venetum white hemp, and its production steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0061] The technical parameters of the obtained white hemp fiber are as follows: residual rubber rate is 15%, average fiber length is 24 mm, fiber breaking length is 35 km, and average fiber fineness is 2000 metric counts.

[0062] It can be seen that the white hemp fiber of Lop Neck needs to be scouring treated, otherwise it may result in poor degumming degree, poor average fiber fineness, too thick fiber, and difficulty in producing high-count yarn.

[0063] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example is a production process of Apocynum venetum refined fiber of Apocynum venetum white hemp, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Cut off the ends of the apocynum ramie, separate the apocynum ramie skin through a cotton stalk skin-core separator, and then repeatedly roll the apocynum ramie skin on a cement floor with a motor vehicle, and then manually separate and remove impurities, and shake it loose and dry; (2) Bleaching: The fluffed hemp fibers are soaked in NaC 10 Bleaching is performed in a bleaching solution to obtain bleached fibers, which are then fluffed and rinsed; (3) Pickling: Soak the fluffed hemp fibers in an acidic H2SO4 solution for pickling, then rinse with the acid, shake to peel the hemp, fluff and rinse; (4) Drying to obtain the dry fibers of Apocynum venetum.

[0064] The water pressure for shaking and flushing in the above steps is greater than 2 kilograms, each machine uses about 30 tons of water per hour, and the water consumption per ton of dried hemp (fiber) is 500 tons.

[0065] The technical parameters of the obtained Apocynum venetum refined fiber are as follows: the residual rubber rate is 22%, the average fiber length is 19 mm, the fiber breaking length is 20 km, and the average fiber fineness is 2400 metric deniers.

[0066] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example is a production process of apocynum venetum dried fiber of apocynum venetum and kenaf, and its production steps are the same as those of comparative example 3.

[0067] The technical parameters of the obtained apocynum kenaf fiber are as follows: residual rubber rate is 19%, average fiber length is 15 mm, fiber breaking length is 18 km, and average fiber fineness is 1800 metric deniers.

[0068] It can be seen that the conventional Apocynum venetum production scheme is inferior to the scheme of the present invention in terms of energy consumption and finished product effect.

[0069] Comparative Example 5: This comparative example is a production process of Apocynum venetum refined fiber of Apocynum venetum white hemp, which specifically comprises the following steps: Cut off the ends of the apocynum, and then separate the apocynum skin of the white apocynum through the cotton stalk skin-core separator. Then, the apocynum skin is repeatedly rolled on the cement floor by a motor vehicle, and then manually separated and impurities are removed. Then, it is fed into the ramie softening machine for drying and softening. The scouring enzyme SKD-305 is used for enzyme degumming; (1) Cutting off the tips of the apocynum venetum, separating the apocynum venetum skin with a cotton stalk skin-core separator, and then repeatedly rolling the apocynum venetum skin on a cement floor with a motor vehicle, and then manually separating, removing impurities, and drying to obtain the apocynum venetum bast; (2) Enzyme scouring: soaking the dried and softened apocynum bast in a biological enzyme solution to obtain enzyme-refined apocynum bast; the composition and weight percentage of the biological enzyme solution are: scouring enzyme SKD-305 is 1-2.5% of the weight of the apocynum bast, sodium tripolyphosphate is 0.8-1.6% of the weight of the apocynum bast, the enzyme scouring temperature is 45°C-55°C, the bath ratio is 1:8-11, the pH value is controlled to be 7-8, the treatment time is 2-4 hours, and the fiber is fluffed and rinsed to obtain biologically degummed apocynum bast fiber; (3) Scouring: The bio-degummed apocynum bast fiber is immersed in the ammonium salt scouring liquid of the spherical steaming equipment, and scouring is carried out for 2 hours at a pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa, with a bath ratio of 1:8-11, to obtain scouring ramie fiber; the composition and mass percentage concentration of the ammonium salt scouring liquid are: ammonium salt (NH4)2SO3 5-8 g / L, sodium tripolyphosphate is 1% of the weight of the apocynum bast fiber, and magnesium oxide is 1.5-2.5% of the weight of the apocynum bast fiber, and the fiber is fluffed and rinsed to obtain scouring ramie fiber; (4) Bleaching: The fluffed scouring hemp fiber is soaked in NaC10 Perform bleaching treatment in the bleaching solution to obtain bleached fibers, loosen and rinse them; (5) Immerse the bleached fibers in the emulsified oil solution to obtain oil-containing fibers, loosen and rinse them, and dry them in the sun to obtain degummed Apocynum venetum fibers.

[0070] Technical parameters of the obtained Apocynum venetum white fibers: residual gum rate 16%, average fiber length 24 mm, fiber breaking length 32 km, average fiber fineness 2100 metric counts.

[0071] The chemical degumming formulations, bleaching, and oiling of each comparative example have many differences from those of the present invention. It can be seen that the scouring formulations, conventional bleaching, and oiling schemes used in the comparative examples fail to achieve the technical effect of removing Apocynum venetum gum well, and do not separately process Apocynum venetum white and red fibers, with limited adaptability to hemp fibers; strong oxidants are still required in the bleaching process, which is harmful to the environment, and at the same time will increase the water consumption for rinsing and loosening caused by bleaching, increasing costs.

Claims

1. A production process for dry apocynum venetum fiber, characterized in that: The apocynum ramie fibers are divided into apocynum white ramie and apocynum red ramie, respectively, by the following steps: (1) Stripping and softening: The bast obtained by mechanically stripping the stalks of Apocynum venetum is softened and shaken to obtain the bast of Apocynum venetum; (2) bio-degumming: subjecting the apocynum bast obtained in step (1) to bio-degumming, and then beating the apocynum bast to obtain apocynum bast fiber; (3) When the apocynum venetum is white apocynum venetum, the method further comprises a scouring and degumming step: preparing a scouring solution, and scouring and degumming the apocynum venetum bast fiber obtained in step (2); the scouring solution comprises the following raw material components: 5-8 g / l of composite ammonium salt, 1-4 g / l of potassium hydroxide, 0.06-0.3% of anthraquinone by weight based on the weight of the apocynum venetum, and 0.5-2.5% of sodium tripolyphosphate by weight based on the weight of the apocynum venetum; When the apocynum venetum is apocynum kenaf, the method further comprises a refining step: preparing a refining solution to refine the apocynum venetum bast fiber obtained in step (2); the refining solution comprises the following raw material components: potassium hydroxide in an amount of 0.5-2% of the mass of the apocynum venetum, and soda ash in an amount of 1.5-2.3% of the mass of the apocynum venetum; (4) Bleaching: preparing a bleaching solution to bleach the apocynum bast fiber obtained in step (3); the bleaching solution comprises the following raw material components: 5-8 g / l peracetic acid, 1-3 g / l sodium pyrophosphate, 1-3 g / l penetrant JFC, and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the pH value of the bleaching solution is adjusted to 6-8 by using the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; (5) Oiling: preparing an oiling solution, soaking the apocynum bast fiber obtained in step (4) in the oiling solution, and stirring and circulating the oiling solution; the oiling solution comprises the following raw material components in a mass ratio: 10-30% of sperm whale oil sulfate, 20-40% of higher alcohol sulfate, 10-20% of fatty acid sorbitan ester, 5-8% of polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactant, and 10-25% of vegetable oil; (6) Drying the bast fiber obtained in step (5) to finally obtain degummed bast fiber.

2. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peeling and softening treatment in step (1) specifically includes: removing the lignified and keratinous apocynum tips on a apocynum tip remover, separating the apocynum skin by the apocynum peeling machine, and then subjecting the apocynum to softening by squeezing, bending, stretching and kneading.

3. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological degumming in step (2) is specifically as follows: (1) preparing a crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution, wherein the composite degumming fermentation enzyme comprises pectinase and hemicellulase; (2) diluting the crude composite degumming fermentation enzyme solution of step (1), and soaking the bast of Apocynum venetum at 45-55° C. for 1-2 hours to complete biological degumming.

4. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beating of the fibers in step (2) is physical beating, which involves beating the ramie bast fibers to remove the colloid substances separated from the fibers by biological degumming, and simultaneously using a hydraulic jet to wash the ramie bast fibers to separate the colloid substances. The hydraulic jet has a water pressure of 1.2-1.6 kg and a water consumption of 8-12 t per hour.

5. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the bath ratio of the scouring solution to the apocynum bast fiber in the scouring and degumming is 1:7-10; the scouring time is 1.5-2.5 hours at a pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa; the bath ratio of the refining solution to the apocynum bast fiber in the refining is 1:7-10, and the refining time is 1.5-3.5 hours; after the scouring or refining is completed, the treated fibers are dehydrated and fluffed.

6. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the pH value of the bleaching is 6-8, the temperature is 50-70°C, the bath ratio of the bleaching solution to the apocynum bast fiber is 1:8-12, and the time is 1-1.5h. After the bleaching step is completed, the treated fibers are beaten, dehydrated, and fluffed.

7. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the total raw material components of the oiling solution to water in step (5) is 1:20-30, the bath ratio of the oiling solution to the apocynum bast fiber is 1:8-12, the temperature is 90-100°C, and the stewing time is 4-6h; after the oiling step is completed, the treated fibers are beaten, dehydrated, and fluffed.

8. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scouring in step (3) is performed by using a steam ball equipment, and the drying in step (6) is performed by physical airing.

9. A kind of Apocynum venetum dried fiber obtained by the production process of Apocynum venetum dried fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The apocynum venetum refined fibers include apocynum white venetum and apocynum red venetum, wherein the residual rubber rate of the apocynum venetum refined fibers of apocynum white venetum is 5-7%; the residual rubber rate of the apocynum venetum refined fibers of apocynum red venetum is 7-10%; and the moisture regain of the apocynum venetum fibers is 7-9%.

10. The dried apocynum venetum fiber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The apocynum venetum refined fibers include single fibers and process (bundle) fibers.

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