Thermal expansion presplitting high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal expansion presplitting high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit and a construction method. The thermal expansion presplitting high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit comprises a cracking device, an intelligent hopper filling device, a cracking hole steel plate protection device, an adjustable steel support rapid installation device, a portal steel frame supporting pipeline protection structure and an expansion pipe support. The construction method has the beneficial effects that the rock crushing efficiency is greatly improved through the construction method of combining thermal expansion presplitting of the expansion pipe and high-frequency crushing of the high-frequency crushing hammer; an expansion pipe of the fracturing device is composed of an outer-layer steel pipe and an inner-layer thermal expansion material, the outer-layer steel pipe is recycled through a special tool after construction is completed, the fracturing device can be reused, the construction cost is reduced, resource waste is reduced, and the environmental influence is reduced; the multi-protection structure comprises a portal steel frame supporting pipeline protection structure and a cracking hole steel plate protection device, construction safety is effectively guaranteed, and construction accidents are reduced. And due to the modular design and the adjustable design, the device can flexibly cope with different construction scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a deep foundation pit for high-strength hard rock with thermal expansion pre-cracking and high-frequency crushing and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When excavating a deep foundation pit in a hard rock formation, although the traditional blasting method has high efficiency, there are problems such as large vibration, flying rocks, and dust pollution. Especially in urban dense areas or near existing buildings, the risk of blasting construction is relatively high. In addition, the tensile strength of hard rock is high, and the efficiency of conventional mechanical crushing methods is low, making it difficult to meet the construction period requirements.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new construction method that can efficiently excavate hard rock and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a deep foundation pit for high-strength hard rock with thermal expansion pre-cracking and high-frequency crushing and a construction method thereof.

[0005] This construction system for a deep foundation pit for high-strength hard rock with thermal expansion pre-cracking and high-frequency crushing includes: a cracker, an intelligent hopper filling device, a steel plate protection device for the cracking hole, an adjustable steel support rapid installation device, a portal frame support pipeline protection structure, and an expansion pipe support; a working area with a free face is provided inside the foundation pit, and cracking holes are provided in the working area; the cracker includes an expansion pipe; the end of the expansion pipe support is sleeved with an expansion pipe, and the expansion pipe is installed in the cracking hole; small stones are provided inside the intelligent hopper filling device and fixed on the bottom surface of the working area, and the cracking holes are filled with small stones; the steel plate protection device for the cracking hole is attached to the orifice of the cracking hole; pipelines are provided in the excavation area, and a portal frame support pipeline protection structure is provided below the pipelines; an adjustable steel support rapid installation device is provided between the inner walls of the foundation pit.

[0006] Preferably, the cracker includes an expansion pipe; an air charging pipe connection joint is provided on the outer wall of the top of the expansion pipe, and a high-pressure air charging pipe is connected to the air charging pipe connection joint; a heating device is connected to the inner wall of the top of the expansion pipe, an outer layer recyclable steel pipe is coated on the outer wall of the expansion pipe, a pressure storage chamber is provided between the outer layer recyclable steel pipe and the heating device, and carbon dioxide is filled in the pressure storage chamber; the steel plate protection device for the cracking hole includes a steel plate; several holes are provided in the steel plate, and the expansion pipe is fixedly penetrated through the holes, and a section of the expansion pipe connected to the high-pressure air charging pipe faces outside the hole.

[0007] Preferably, the expansion tube support includes an expansion tube support base; the expansion tube support base is installed on the bottom surface of the working area, and a vertically adjustable column sliding device is connected to the top of the expansion tube support base. The vertically adjustable column is sleeved on the top of the vertically adjustable column sliding device; a rotary device of the expansion tube support is connected to the top of the vertically adjustable column; a connecting rod of the expansion tube support is slidably connected to the rotary device of the expansion tube support, and the other end of the connecting rod of the expansion tube support is connected to a fixing device of the expansion tube support; an expansion tube is sleeved inside the fixing device of the expansion tube support.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent hopper filling device includes an intelligent hopper filling device base; an intelligent hopper filling device column is connected to the top of the intelligent hopper filling device base, and an intelligent hopper filling device rotary device is connected to the top of the intelligent hopper filling device column; a side rod is slidably connected to the intelligent hopper filling device rotary device, and the other end of the side rod is connected to an intelligent hopper. The bottom of the intelligent hopper is a cone, an intelligent camera is connected to the side of the cone, and a small stone ejection control valve is connected to the bottom. The bottom of the intelligent hopper is arranged directly above the fracturing hole.

[0009] Preferably, the adjustable steel support quick installation device includes an adjustable steel support; adjustable steel support sliding devices are connected to both ends of the adjustable steel support, and the other ends of the adjustable steel support sliding devices are connected to adjustable jacks, and the two ends of the adjustable jacks are supported on the inner wall of the foundation pit.

[0010] Preferably, the gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure includes an adjustable support rod and a gantry steel frame column; adjustable support rod sliding devices are connected to both ends of the adjustable support rod, and the other ends of the adjustable support rod sliding devices are connected to the gantry steel frame column; a pipeline is attached to the top of the adjustable support rod; a trench is provided at the bottom of the foundation pit, and the gantry steel frame column is inserted into the trench; intelligent sensors are symmetrically connected to the top of the adjustable support rod sliding device.

[0011] The construction method of this thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength rock deep foundation pit includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Excavate multiple working areas with free faces in the foundation pit, drill fracturing holes, and then use the expansion tube support to assist in installing the fracturing device into the fracturing holes. Use the intelligent hopper filling device to fill the fracturing holes, and press on the steel plate protection device for the fracturing holes.

[0013] S2. Ignite the expansion tube to blast the rock on the working face, use a high-frequency crushing hammer to crush the cracked rock and remove the fracturing device; recycle and repair the fracturing device, and repeat this step in multiple working areas.

[0014] S3. After transporting the rock out, carry out layered and segmented construction in the foundation pit, and set up a gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure for protecting the pipeline under the pipeline during excavation.

[0015] S4. An adjustable steel support quick installation device is provided between the inner walls of the foundation pit for foundation pit support.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1) In the present invention, through the construction method combining the thermal expansion pre - cracking of the expansion tube and the high - frequency crushing of the high - frequency rock breaker, the rock crushing efficiency is greatly improved.

[0018] 2) In the present invention, the expansion tube of the cracker is composed of an outer steel pipe and an inner thermal expansion material. After the construction is completed, the outer steel pipe is recycled through a special tool, so that the cracker can be reused, reducing the construction cost, resource waste and environmental impact.

[0019] 3) In the present invention, the multiple protection structures include the gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure and the crack hole steel plate protection device, effectively ensuring the construction safety and reducing construction accidents.

[0020] 4) In the present invention, the gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure adopts modular design; the gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure, the expansion tube support and the adjustable steel support quick installation device adopt adjustable design; the modular design and adjustable design enable the present invention to flexibly respond to different construction scenarios. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cracker in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the adjustable steel support quick installation device in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the crack hole steel plate protection device in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the expansion tube support in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent hopper filling device in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 is a construction flow chart of the present invention.

[0028] Description of reference numerals: 1 high-pressure charging pipe, 2 charging pipe connection joint, 3 heating device, 4 pressure storage chamber, 5 outer recyclable steel pipe, 6 adjustable support rod, 7 adjustable support rod sliding device, 8 portal frame column, 9 intelligent sensor, 10 adjustable steel support, 11 adjustable steel support sliding device, 12 adjustable jack, 13 steel plate, 14 hole, 15 expansion pipe support base, 16 adjustable column sliding device, 17 adjustable column, 18 expansion pipe support rotating device, 19 expansion pipe support connecting rod, 20 expansion pipe support fixing device, 21 intelligent hopper filling device base, 22 intelligent hopper filling device column, 23 intelligent hopper filling device rotating device, 24 intelligent hopper, 25 small stone ejection control valve, 26 intelligent camera. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The description of the following embodiments is only for helping to understand the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] As an embodiment, a high-strength rock deep foundation pit construction system for thermal expansion pre-cracking and high-frequency crushing is proposed. As Figures 1 to 7 shown, it includes a cracker, an intelligent hopper filling device, a steel plate protection device for the crack hole, a rapid installation device for adjustable steel supports, a portal frame support pipeline protection structure, and an expansion pipe support; a working area with a free face is provided in the foundation pit, and a crack hole is provided in the working area; the cracker includes an expansion pipe; the end of the expansion pipe support is sleeved with an expansion pipe, and the expansion pipe is installed in the crack hole; small stones are provided in the intelligent hopper filling device and fixed on the bottom surface of the working area, and the crack hole is filled with small stones; the steel plate protection device for the crack hole is attached to the crack hole opening; a pipeline is provided in the excavation area, and a portal frame support pipeline protection structure is provided below the pipeline; an adjustable steel support rapid installation device is provided between the inner walls of the foundation pit.

[0032] As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, the cracker includes an expansion pipe; a charging pipe connection joint 2 is provided on the outer wall of the top of the expansion pipe, and the charging pipe connection joint 2 is connected to a high-pressure charging pipe 1; a heating device 3 is connected to the inner wall of the top of the expansion pipe, and the outer wall of the expansion pipe is coated with an outer recyclable steel pipe 5. A pressure storage chamber 4 is provided between the outer recyclable steel pipe 5 and the heating device 3, and carbon dioxide is filled in the pressure storage chamber 4.

[0033] A fracturing device is manufactured using a separable steel pipe, and the fracturing device is designed as a detachable structure. The fracturing pipeline consists of an outer recyclable steel pipe 5 and an inner thermal expansion material. After the construction is completed, the outer recyclable steel pipe 5 is recycled through special tools, enabling the fracturing device to be reused, reducing construction costs and resource waste.

[0034] The steel plate protection device for the fracturing hole includes a steel plate 13; several holes 14 are provided on the steel plate 13, and an expansion pipe is fixedly penetrated in the holes. One section of the high-pressure gas charging pipe 1 connected to the expansion pipe faces outside the hole; the holes 14 can be used to fix the fracturing pipe and protect construction workers and equipment from flying rocks, and at the same time facilitate construction operations around the holes.

[0035] As Figure 2 shown, the gantry steel frame support pipeline protection structure includes adjustable support rods 6 and gantry steel frame columns 8; both ends of the adjustable support rods 6 are connected with adjustable support rod sliding devices 7, and the other ends of the adjustable support rod sliding devices 7 are connected with gantry steel frame columns 8; the top of the adjustable support rods 6 fits against the pipeline; a trench is provided at the bottom of the foundation pit, and the gantry steel frame columns 8 are inserted into the trench; symmetrically connected to the top of the adjustable support rod sliding device 7 are intelligent sensors 9.

[0036] The adjustable support rod sliding device 7 is provided with a sliding device, which can adjust the length of the adjustable support rod 6. The intelligent sensor 9 can real-time monitor parameters such as the stress, deformation, and temperature of the pipeline, and transmit the data to the central control system. The central control system automatically adjusts the supporting force and position of the support structure according to the monitoring data to ensure the safety of the pipeline during construction; the gantry steel frame columns 8 are inserted into the trench at the bottom of the pipeline; the top of the adjustable support rod 6 supports the pipeline.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] As another embodiment, this Embodiment 2 is proposed based on Embodiment 1. A more specific thermal expansion pre-fracture high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system includes, as Figure 3 shown, the adjustable steel support rapid installation device includes an adjustable steel support 10; both ends of the adjustable steel support 10 are connected with adjustable steel support sliding devices 11, and the other ends of the adjustable steel support sliding devices 11 are connected with adjustable jacks 12, and both ends of the adjustable jacks 12 support on the inner wall of the foundation pit; the adjustable steel support sliding device 11 is internally provided with a sliding device, which can adjust the length of the adjustable steel support 10, and the adjustable jack 12 can finely adjust the axial force of the steel support.

[0039] As Figure 5As shown in the figure, the expansion pipe support includes an expansion pipe support base 15; the expansion pipe support base 15 is installed on the bottom surface of the working area, and the top of the expansion pipe support base 15 is connected with an adjustable column sliding device 16, and an adjustable column 17 is sleeved on the top of the adjustable column sliding device 16; the top of the adjustable column 17 is connected with an expansion pipe support rotating device 18; the expansion pipe support rotating device 18 is slidably connected with an expansion pipe support connecting rod 19, and the other end of the expansion pipe support connecting rod 19 is connected with an expansion pipe support fixing device 20; an expansion pipe is sleeved inside the expansion pipe support fixing device 20; the adjustable column 17 is placed on the adjustable column sliding device 16 for adjusting the height of the expansion pipe support; the expansion pipe support rotating device 18 can be used to adjust the angle of the expansion pipe support.

[0040] As Figure 6 shown in the figure, the intelligent hopper filling device includes an intelligent hopper filling device base 21; the top of the intelligent hopper filling device base 21 is connected with an intelligent hopper filling device column 22, and the top of the intelligent hopper filling device column 22 is connected with an intelligent hopper filling device rotating device 23; the intelligent hopper filling device rotating device 23 is slidably connected with a side rod, and the other end of the side rod is connected with an intelligent hopper 24. The bottom of the intelligent hopper 24 is a cone, and an intelligent camera 26 is connected to the side of the cone, and a small stone ejection control valve 25 is connected to the bottom. The bottom of the intelligent hopper 24 is arranged directly above the fracture hole.

[0041] The intelligent hopper filling device rotating device 23 can be used to adjust the angle of the whole device. The small stone ejection control valve 25 is located below the intelligent hopper 24 to accurately control the filling speed and quantity of small stones, ensure that the fracture hole is filled densely, and significantly reduce the construction time and labor input. The intelligent camera 26 is used to determine how many more small stones need to be filled.

[0042] It should be noted that the parts that are the same or similar to those in Embodiment 1 in this embodiment can be referred to each other and will not be elaborated in this application.

[0043] Embodiment 3

[0044] As another embodiment, this Embodiment 3 is proposed on the basis of Embodiment 2. A construction method for a high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit with thermal expansion pre-cracking and high-frequency crushing includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. After excavating a plurality of working areas with free faces in the foundation pit and drilling fracture holes, use an expansion pipe support to assist in installing a fracturer into the fracture holes. As Figure 1 shown in the figure, the structure of the fracturer includes an expansion pipe; an air charging pipe connection joint 2 is arranged on the outer wall of the top of the expansion pipe, and a high-pressure air charging pipe 1 is connected to the air charging pipe connection joint 2; the high-pressure air charging pipe 1 is connected to a heating device 3 through the air charging pipe connection joint 2, and an outer recoverable steel pipe 5 is sleeved on the outside, and carbon dioxide is stored in a pressure storage chamber 4;

[0046] Fill the fracturing holes with the intelligent hopper filling device; as Figure 6 shown, a control valve is provided in the intelligent hopper 24, which can accurately control the filling speed and quantity of small stones, ensure the dense filling of the fracturing holes, and significantly reduce the construction time and labor input;

[0047] During the foundation pit construction, press the fracturing hole steel plate protection device on the fracturing holes; as Figure 4 shown, regularly arranged holes 14 are provided on the steel plate 13, which are used to fix the fracturing pipes and protect the construction personnel and equipment from the flying rocks, and at the same time facilitate the construction operations around the holes 14;

[0048] S2. Ignite the expansion pipe to blast the rock on the working face, use a high-frequency breaker to break the cracked rock and take out the fracturing device; recycle and repair the fracturing device, and repeat this step in multiple working areas;

[0049] S3. After transporting the rock out, carry out layered and segmented construction in the foundation pit. Set up a gantry steel frame for protecting the pipeline under the pipeline during excavation to protect the surrounding underground pipelines; as Figure 2 shown, the gantry steel frame adopts a modular design, which is convenient for quick disassembly and assembly, and the adjustable support rod 6 ensures the structural stability and adaptability, effectively avoiding damage to the surrounding pipelines during construction. In addition, an intelligent sensor 9 and an adaptive adjustment mechanism are integrated in the gantry steel frame support structure. The intelligent sensor 9 can real-time monitor parameters such as the stress, deformation, and temperature of the pipeline, and transmit the data to the central control system. The central control system automatically adjusts the support force and position of the support structure according to the monitoring data to ensure the safety of the pipeline during construction;

[0050] S4. Set up an adjustable steel support quick installation device between the inner walls of the foundation pit for foundation pit support; as Figure 3 shown, the adjustable steel support device is composed of a telescopic steel pipe and a quick locking structure. The telescopic steel pipe includes an adjustable steel support 10, and the quick locking structure includes an adjustable jack 12. The support length can be quickly adjusted according to the size of the foundation pit and fixed by the locking device, significantly improving the installation efficiency of the support system, reducing labor input and construction time.

[0051] As Figure 7As shown in the figure, first, a working area with a free face is excavated in the foundation pit, and then a down-the-hole drill is used to drill holes in the working area according to the designed hole spacing; then the fracturer is installed manually, and the installation can be assisted by an expansion pipe support; after installation, the fracturing holes are filled with an intelligent hopper filling device; then the fracturer is wired and the pipe is locked; after the fracturing holes are filled, a steel plate protection device for the fracturing holes is pressed; then, after ignition and detonation, the physical properties of CO2 are used to impact and crack the rock on the working face; after the rock is broken, a high-frequency breaker is used to assist in breaking the rock; the fracturer is taken out and recycled; the fracturer is transported to the processing workshop for repair and filling with liquid carbon dioxide and then used repeatedly; the rock is transported out; the foundation pit is divided into multiple working faces, and layered and segmented excavation is carried out by means of flow construction to improve the construction progress; among them, an adjustable steel support rapid installation device is used in the foundation pit support process, which can quickly adjust the support length according to the foundation pit size and fix it through a locking device, significantly improving the installation efficiency of the support system, reducing manual input and construction time; the adjustable steel support rapid installation device is used to protect the pipelines during excavation.

[0052] It should be noted that the same or similar parts in this embodiment and Embodiment 2 can be referred to each other, and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0053] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

Claims

1. A thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system, characterized in that: include: A fracturing device, an intelligent hopper filling device, a steel plate protection device for the fracturing hole, an adjustable steel support quick installation device, a gantry steel frame supporting a pipeline protection structure and an expansion tube support; a working area with an open surface is provided in the foundation pit, and a fracturing hole is provided in the working area; the fracturing device includes an expansion tube; an expansion tube is sleeved on the end of the expansion tube support, and the expansion tube is installed in the fracturing hole; the intelligent hopper filling device is provided with pebbles and fixed to the bottom surface of the working area, and the fracturing hole is filled with pebbles; the steel plate protection device for the fracturing hole is attached to the fracturing hole mouth; a pipeline is provided in the excavation area, and a gantry steel frame supporting a pipeline protection structure is provided under the pipeline; an adjustable steel support quick installation device is provided between the inner walls of the foundation pit.

2. The thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fracturing device includes an expansion tube; an inflation tube connection joint is provided on the top outer wall of the expansion tube, and a high-pressure inflation tube is connected to the inflation tube connection joint; a heating device is connected to the top inner wall of the expansion tube, and an outer layer of recyclable steel tube is coated on the outer wall of the expansion tube, and a pressure storage chamber is formed between the outer layer of recyclable steel tube and the heating device, and carbon dioxide is filled in the pressure storage chamber; the crack hole steel plate protective device includes a steel plate; the steel plate is provided with a plurality of holes, and an expansion tube is passed through and fixed in the holes, and a section of the expansion tube connected to the high-pressure inflation tube faces outward from the hole.

3. The thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The expansion tube support includes an expansion tube support base; the expansion tube support base is installed on the bottom surface of the working area, the top of the expansion tube support base is connected with an adjustable column sliding device, and the adjustable column is sleeved on the top of the adjustable column sliding device; the top of the adjustable column is connected with an expansion tube support rotating device; the expansion tube support rotating device is slidably connected with an expansion tube support connecting rod, and the other end of the expansion tube support connecting rod is connected with an expansion tube support fixing device; the expansion tube is sleeved in the expansion tube support fixing device.

4. The thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent hopper filling device includes an intelligent hopper filling device base; the top of the intelligent hopper filling device base is connected to the intelligent hopper filling device column, and the top of the intelligent hopper filling device column is connected to the intelligent hopper filling device rotating device; the intelligent hopper filling device rotating device is slidably connected to a side rod, and the other end of the side rod is connected to the intelligent hopper, the bottom of the intelligent hopper is a cone, the side of the cone is connected to a smart camera, and the bottom is connected to a pebble ejection control valve, and the bottom of the intelligent hopper is arranged directly above the crack hole.

5. The thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The adjustable steel support quick installation device comprises an adjustable steel support; the two ends of the adjustable steel support are connected with an adjustable steel support sliding device, the other end of the adjustable steel support sliding device is connected with an adjustable jack, and the two ends of the adjustable jack are supported on the inner wall of the foundation pit.

6. The thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit construction system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gantry steel frame supporting pipeline protection structure includes an adjustable support rod and a gantry steel frame column; the two ends of the adjustable support rod are connected with an adjustable support rod sliding device, and the other end of the adjustable support rod sliding device is connected with a gantry steel frame column; the top of the adjustable support rod is fitted with a pipeline; a groove is provided at the bottom of the foundation pit, and the gantry steel frame column is inserted in the groove; the top of the adjustable support rod sliding device is symmetrically connected with an intelligent sensor.

7. The construction method of high-strength hard rock deep foundation pit by thermal expansion pre-cracking high-frequency crushing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After digging out multiple working areas with free surfaces in the foundation pit and drilling cracking holes, the expansion tube bracket is used to assist in installing the cracking device into the cracking hole, the cracking hole is filled with an intelligent hopper filling device, and a steel plate protection device for the cracking hole is pressed; S2, ignite the expansion tube to blast the rock on the working surface, use a high-frequency breaker to break the cracked rock and remove the fracturing device; recover and repair the fracturing device, and repeat this step in multiple working areas; S3. After the rocks are transported out, the foundation pit is constructed in layers and sections, and a gantry steel frame supporting the pipeline protection structure is set under the excavated pipeline to protect the pipeline; S4. An adjustable steel support quick installation device is set between the inner walls of the foundation pit for foundation pit support.

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