Device for measuring sound velocity of liquid based on ultrasonic waves

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sound velocity measurement. The device comprises a water tank, an external frame, a sliding arm, a first sliding support rod, a second sliding support rod, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a mounting frame, a mounting ring, a cross-shaped rotating frame, a solid material, an ultrasonic sound velocity tester, an oscilloscope and an arbitrary waveform signal generator, by rotating the rotary handle, increasing the incident angle and observing the waveform change of the oscilloscope, when longitudinal waves in the solid material are in a total reflection state, the reading of the angle measuring disc at the moment is read and the reading of the ultrasonic sound velocity tester is recorded and displayed, and when transverse waves in the solid material are in a total reflection state, the reading of the ultrasonic sound velocity tester is recorded and displayed. By the adoption of the structure, when relevant sound velocity data of a liquid material are tested, only the rotating handle needs to be rotated, and operation is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sound velocity measurement, and particularly relates to a device for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves. Background Art

[0002] Traditional ultrasonic measurement methods have inherent defects. Firstly, in the experiment of measuring sound velocity by the time difference method, the principle is complex and the operation is cumbersome. It is difficult for students and front-line technicians to accurately control, and the measurement efficiency is poor; in the experiment of measuring sound velocity by ultrasonic grating, the environmental adaptability is weak, and small disturbances are likely to cause inaccurate measurement. Strong noise, temperature and humidity fluctuations, electromagnetic interference, etc. can all affect the reliability of the results, and the stability is poor. Secondly, most traditional devices have a single function and can only focus on individual sound velocities. For example, it is difficult for a sound velocity measuring device to measure density and acoustic impedance at the same time, which limits the comprehensive analysis of the acoustic characteristics of liquids, resulting in redundant experimental procedures and high costs, and cannot meet the requirements of modern complex experiments and multi-scenario applications.

[0003] In summary, the structure of the existing liquid sound velocity measuring device is relatively complex and the operation is not convenient enough. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves, so as to solve the problems that the structure of the existing liquid sound velocity measuring device is relatively complex and the operation is not convenient enough.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a device for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves. The device for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves includes a water tank, an external frame, a sliding arm, a first sliding support rod, a second sliding support rod, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a mounting rack, a mounting ring, a cross rotating frame, a solid material, an ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument, an oscilloscope and an arbitrary waveform signal generator. The water tank is arranged at the inner bottom of the external frame, the sliding arm is fixedly arranged at the top of the external frame, the first sliding support rod and the second sliding support rod are slidably arranged on the sliding arm, the ultrasonic transmitter is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding support rod, and the ultrasonic receiver is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding support rod;

[0006] An installation frame is further provided on the exterior of the external frame. The installation ring is rotatably provided at the top of the installation frame. The cross-shaped rotating frame is installed inside the installation ring. A disc-shaped clamping block is provided at the center of the cross-shaped rotating frame. The ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument is installed above the disc-shaped clamping block. A rotating disc is installed at the bottom of one end of the cross-shaped rotating frame through an installation rod. A rotating handle is provided at the top of the end of the cross-shaped rotating frame away from the installation rod. The solid material is installed inside the rotating disc. The solid material is located between the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver. An angle scale is provided above the outer side wall of the installation ring. The transmitting input end of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument is connected to the CH1 port of the arbitrary waveform signal generator. The receiving output end of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument is connected to the CH1 port of the oscilloscope. The CH2 port of the arbitrary waveform signal generator is connected to the CH2 port of the oscilloscope.

[0007] Wherein, the installation frame includes a fixed disc, two sets of support rods and two bottom plates. The installation ring is rotatably provided on the fixed disc. The two sets of support rods are respectively provided on both sides of the bottom of the fixed disc. Each set of support rods is provided with a bottom plate at the end away from the fixed disc. The two sets of support rods are respectively located on both sides of the external frame.

[0008] Wherein, each set of support rods is composed of two support rod bodies. One end of the support rod body is connected to the fixed disc, and the other end of the support rod body is connected to the bottom plate.

[0009] Wherein, the installation rod includes a fixed rod, an insertion rod and a limit disc. The fixed rod is installed at the bottom of the cross-shaped rotating frame. A plug hole is provided at the bottom of the fixed rod. The top end of the insertion rod is inserted into the interior of the plug hole. The rotating disc is provided at the bottom of the insertion rod. The limit disc is also slidably provided on the insertion rod. The limit disc is clamped at the top end of the solid material.

[0010] Wherein, an auxiliary support arm is further fixedly provided on the external frame. Auxiliary sliding blocks are provided on both the first sliding support rod and the second sliding support rod. Both of the auxiliary sliding blocks are slidably connected to the auxiliary support arm.

[0011] An apparatus for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves according to the present invention calibrates the incident angle at 0° by comparing the waveforms of the CH1 and CH2 channels of the oscilloscope, and then zeros the initial reading of the angle dial and the starting angle of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument; rotates the rotating handle to increase the incident angle, observes the waveform change of the oscilloscope, and when the total reflection state of the longitudinal wave in the solid material is reached, reads the reading of the angle dial at this time and enters and displays the reading of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument; continues to increase the incident angle, observes the waveform change of the oscilloscope, and when the total reflection state of the transverse wave in the solid material is reached, reads the reading of the angle dial at this time and the reading of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument and displays them; obtains two incident angles, and the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument will present the relevant sound velocity data of the liquid material. With the above structure, when testing the relevant sound velocity data of the liquid material, only need to rotate the rotating handle, which is convenient to operate and the test is accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0013] Figure 1 FIG. is a partial structural schematic diagram of the apparatus for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves provided by the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 FIG. is an internal structural schematic diagram of the water tank provided by the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 FIG. is a partial disassembled structural schematic diagram of the apparatus for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves provided by the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 FIG. is a partial disassembled structural schematic diagram of the mounting rod provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 FIG. is a connection schematic diagram of the oscilloscope and an arbitrary waveform signal generator and the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 6 FIG. is a waveform diagram when the starting angle of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument provided by the present invention is zeroed.

[0019] Figure 7 FIG. is a waveform diagram when the total reflection state of the longitudinal wave in the solid material provided by the present invention is reached.

[0020] Figure 8 It is the waveform diagram when total reflection of transverse waves occurs in the solid material provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the refraction and reflection of ultrasonic waves in two media provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 10 It is the schematic diagram of the principle for measuring the sound velocity of the liquid material provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 11 It is the illustration of the output signal provided by the present invention.

[0024] 101 - water tank, 102 - external frame, 103 - sliding arm, 104 - first sliding support rod, 105 - second sliding support rod, 106 - ultrasonic transmitter, 107 - ultrasonic receiver, 108 - mounting ring, 109 - cross rotating frame, 110 - solid material, 111 - ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument, 112 - oscilloscope, 113 - arbitrary waveform signal generator, 114 - disc - type chuck, 115 - rotating disc, 116 - rotating handle, 117 - angle measuring disc, 118 - fixed disc, 119 - bottom plate, 120 - support rod body, 121 - fixed rod, 122 - insertion rod, 123 - limit disc, 124 - insertion hole, 125 - auxiliary support arm, 126 - auxiliary sliding block. Detailed Embodiment

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1 to 11 , the present invention provides a device for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves. The device for measuring the sound velocity of a liquid based on ultrasonic waves includes a water tank 101, an external frame 102, a sliding arm 103, a first sliding support rod 104, a second sliding support rod 105, an ultrasonic transmitter 106, an ultrasonic receiver 107, a mounting frame, a mounting ring 108, a cross rotating frame 109, a solid material 110, an ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111, an oscilloscope 112, and an arbitrary waveform signal generator 113. The water tank 101 is arranged at the inner bottom of the external frame 102, the sliding arm 103 is fixedly arranged at the top of the external frame 102, the first sliding support rod 104 and the second sliding support rod 105 are slidably arranged on the sliding arm 103, the ultrasonic transmitter 106 is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding support rod 104, and the ultrasonic receiver 107 is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding support rod 105;

[0027] An installation frame is further provided outside the outer frame 102. The installation ring 108 is rotatably provided at the top of the installation frame. The cross-shaped rotating frame 109 is installed inside the installation ring 108. A disc-shaped clamping block 114 is provided at the center of the cross-shaped rotating frame 109. The ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111 is installed above the disc-shaped clamping block 114. A rotating disc 115 is installed at the bottom of one end of the cross-shaped rotating frame 109 through a mounting rod. A rotating handle 116 is provided at the top of the end of the cross-shaped rotating frame 109 away from the mounting rod. The solid material 110 is installed inside the rotating disc 115. The solid material 110 is located between the ultrasonic transmitter 106 and the ultrasonic receiver 107. An angle scale 117 is provided above the outer side wall of the installation ring 108. The transmitting input end of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111 is connected to the CH1 port of the arbitrary waveform signal generator 113. The receiving output end of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111 is connected to the CH1 port of the oscilloscope 112. The CH2 port of the arbitrary waveform signal generator 113 is connected to the CH2 port of the oscilloscope 112.

[0028] In this embodiment, by comparing the waveforms of the CH1 and CH2 channels of the oscilloscope 112, the calibration of the incident angle of 0° (judging the initial position) is carried out, and then the initial reading of the angle scale 117 and the starting angle of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111 are reset to zero. At this time, the waveform of the oscilloscope 112 is as Figure 6 shown; rotate the rotating handle 116 to increase the incident angle, observe the waveform change of the oscilloscope 112. When the longitudinal wave in the solid material 110 reaches the total reflection state (as Figure 7 shown), read the reading of the angle scale 117 at this time and input and display the reading of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111; continue to increase the incident angle, observe the waveform change of the oscilloscope 112. When the transverse wave in the solid material 110 reaches the total reflection state (as Figure 8 shown), read the reading of the angle scale 117 at this time and the reading of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111 and display them; obtain two incident angles. The ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument 111 will present the relevant sound velocity data of the liquid material. With the above structure, when testing the relevant sound velocity data of the liquid material, only need to rotate the rotating handle 116, which is convenient to operate and the test is accurate.

[0029] Further, the mounting bracket includes a fixed disc 118, two sets of support rods, and two bottom plates 119. The mounting ring 108 is rotatably arranged on the fixed disc 118. Support rod sets are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the fixed disc 118. A bottom plate 119 is arranged at one end of each support rod set away from the fixed disc 118. The two support rod sets are respectively located on both sides of the outer frame 102.

[0030] In this embodiment, through the arrangement of the support rod sets and the bottom plates 119, the support for the fixed disc 118 is completed.

[0031] Further, each support rod set is composed of two support rod bodies 120. One end of the support rod body 120 is connected to the fixed disc 118, and the other end of the support rod body 120 is connected to the bottom plate 119.

[0032] Further, the mounting rod includes a fixed rod 121, an insertion rod 122, and a limit disc 123. The fixed rod 121 is installed at the bottom of the cross rotating frame 109. A socket hole 124 is arranged at the bottom of the fixed rod 121. The top end of the insertion rod 122 is inserted into the interior of the socket hole 124. The bottom of the insertion rod 122 is provided with the rotating disc 115. A limit disc 123 is also slidably arranged on the insertion rod 122. The limit disc 123 is clamped at the top end of the solid material 110.

[0033] In this embodiment, through the arrangement of the socket hole 124, the insertion rod 122 is inserted into the bottom of the fixed rod 121, thereby completing the installation of the rotating disc 115. Through the arrangement of the limit disc 123, the solid material 110 is more firmly installed on the rotating disc 115.

[0034] Further, an auxiliary support arm 125 is fixedly arranged on the outer frame 102. Auxiliary sliding blocks 126 are arranged on both the first sliding support rod 104 and the second sliding support rod 105. The two auxiliary sliding blocks 126 are both slidably connected to the auxiliary support arm 125.

[0035] In this embodiment, through the arrangement of the auxiliary support arm 125 and the auxiliary sliding blocks 126, when the first sliding support rod 104 and the second sliding support rod 105 slide on the sliding arm 103, the whole is more stable.

[0036] The present invention also provides the specific calculation content when using the device for measuring the sound velocity of liquid based on ultrasonic wave to test the relevant sound velocity data of liquid materials:

[0037] 1. Measurement of the propagation speed of ultrasonic wave in liquid:

[0038] When ultrasonic waves are incident from a medium with a slower wave speed to a medium with a faster wave speed, total reflection occurs. At the interface between the two media, waveform conversion occurs during the propagation of ultrasonic waves: when one of the two media is solid and the other is liquid, the reflected and refracted waves can contain components of other types of waves, such as Figure 9 shown.

[0039] The measurement principle of the sound speed of liquid materials is as Figure 10 shown. During the measurement process, a transducer is used to achieve the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves. A solid material 110 with a known Young's modulus is placed in the water tank 101 containing the liquid material to be measured. The ultrasonic transducers are installed on both sides of the water tank 101. The left transducer is the ultrasonic transmitter, and the right transducer is the ultrasonic receiver 107. This installation method directly places the transducers in the water tank 101, reducing the loss of ultrasonic signals passing through the wall of the water tank 101 and achieving non-destructive testing.

[0040] When the solid material 110 is not placed and only pure water liquid is in the water tank 101, the output signal of the right transducer is as Figure 11 shown by the blue curve in, only showing the curve of longitudinal waves. When the solid material 110 is placed and rotated by an angle, the ultrasonic waves are incident on the interface between the liquid and solid media at an oblique angle α. According to the refraction law and waveform conversion, a refracted longitudinal wave and a refracted transverse wave will be generated. The output signal of the right transducer is as Figure 11 shown by the green curve in, showing the phenomenon that the longitudinal wave L is in front and the transverse wave T is behind.

[0041] Let the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the medium with a slower speed (i.e., the liquid to be measured) be V, the incident angle α, the wave speed V L of the refracted longitudinal wave, the refraction angle β L of the longitudinal wave, the wave speed V T of the refracted transverse wave, and the refraction angle β T of the transverse wave. According to Snell's law, the relationship between them is:

[0042]

[0043] In actual measurement, ultrasonic waves enter from the liquid (liquid to be measured) with a slower wave speed into the solid medium with a faster wave speed. By changing the incident angle α, the total reflection phenomenon can be observed. Since the longitudinal wave speed in the solid is faster than the transverse wave speed, the incident angle α L corresponding to the longitudinal wave for total reflection is T smaller than the incident angle α L of the transverse wave. By adjusting the value of the incident angle α, the total reflection phenomena of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave can be observed respectively, and the longitudinal wave speed VT Relationship with the ultrasonic wave velocity V in the liquid:

[0044] V = V L ·sinα L = V T ·sinα T #(2)

[0045] The relationship between the Poisson's ratio μ of the solid medium and the longitudinal wave velocity V L and the transverse wave velocity V T in the solid is:

[0046]

[0047] The relationship between the Young's modulus E of the solid medium, the Poisson's ratio μ, the density ρ, and the longitudinal wave velocity V L is:

[0048]

[0049] Combining formulas (2), (3), and (4), it can be known that the relationship between the propagation velocity V of ultrasonic waves in the liquid to be measured, the Poisson's ratio μ, the density ρ of the solid material 110, and the Young's modulus E of the solid material 110 is:

[0050]

[0051] During measurement, only need to adjust the incident angle α of the ultrasonic wave to make the refracted longitudinal wave and the refracted transverse wave each undergo total reflection, measure the corresponding total reflection angle, combine the parameters of the solid material 110, and calculate the propagation velocity V of the ultrasonic wave in the liquid to be measured according to formulas (5) and (6).

[0052] 2. Measurement of the density of the liquid material:

[0053] Density is one of the basic characteristics of matter, and it is related to the purity of the matter. The density of a substance is a measure of the amount of matter contained in a unit volume. If m represents the mass of the substance, v represents its volume, and ρ represents the density of the substance, then according to the definition, there is

[0054]

[0055] Weigh the mass of the substance and determine its volume, then the density of the substance can be calculated. Using a specific gravity bottle, the mass of a liquid with the same volume as the object to be measured and a known density can be accurately measured, so the volume of the object to be measured can be accurately calculated. First, weigh the mass m1 of the empty bottle, then weigh the mass m2 of the bottle filled with the liquid to be measured, and finally weigh the mass m3 of the bottle filled with the standard liquid distilled water (density ρ0), and calculate the liquid density ρ through the formula.

[0056]

[0057] Dividing the two equations gives

[0058]

[0059] 3. Measurement of the acoustic impedance of liquid materials

[0060] Relationship between the propagation speed V of ultrasonic waves in a liquid and the acoustic impedance of the liquid material:

[0061] Z = ρ·V #(9)

[0062] Combining the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the liquid material and the density of the liquid material measured in 1 and 2, the acoustic impedance Z of the liquid material is calculated according to formula (9).

[0063] The above-disclosed is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments, and the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the sound velocity of liquid based on ultrasound, characterized in that: The device comprises a water tank, an external frame, a sliding arm, a first sliding support rod, a second sliding support rod, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a mounting frame, a mounting ring, a cross rotating frame, solid materials, an ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument, an oscilloscope and an arbitrary waveform signal generator, wherein the water tank is arranged at the inner bottom of the external frame, the sliding arm is fixedly arranged at the top of the external frame, the first sliding support rod and the second sliding support rod are slidably arranged on the sliding arm, the ultrasonic transmitter is arranged at the bottom of the first sliding support rod, and the ultrasonic receiver is arranged at the bottom of the second sliding support rod; The mounting frame is also provided on the outside of the external frame, the mounting ring is rotatably provided on the top of the mounting frame, the cross rotating frame is installed inside the mounting ring, a disc-type clamping block is provided at the center of the cross rotating frame, the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument is installed above the disc-type clamping block, a rotating disc is installed at the bottom of one end of the cross rotating frame through a mounting rod, a rotating handle is provided on the top of the end of the cross rotating frame away from the mounting rod, the solid material is installed inside the rotating disc, the solid material is located between the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver, an angle measuring disk is provided above the outer side wall of the mounting ring, the transmitting input end of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument is connected to the CH1 port of the arbitrary waveform signal generator, the receiving output end of the ultrasonic sound velocity measuring instrument is connected to the CH1 port of the oscilloscope, and the CH2 port of the arbitrary waveform signal generator is connected to the CH2 port of the oscilloscope.

2. The device for measuring the sound velocity of liquid based on ultrasound according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame includes a fixed disk, two support rod groups and two bottom plates. The mounting ring is rotatably arranged on the fixed disk, the support rod groups are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the fixed disk, and the bottom plate is arranged at one end of each support rod group away from the fixed disk. The two support rod groups are respectively located on both sides of the external frame.

3. The device for measuring liquid sound velocity based on ultrasonic wave as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the support rod groups is composed of two support rod bodies, one end of the support rod body is connected to the fixed disc, and the other end of the support rod body is connected to the bottom plate.

4. The device for measuring liquid sound velocity based on ultrasonic wave as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting rod includes a fixed rod, an insertion rod and a limiting disc. The fixed rod is installed at the bottom of the cross rotating frame. The bottom of the fixed rod is provided with a plug hole. The top end of the insertion rod is inserted into the inside of the plug hole. The bottom of the insertion rod is provided with the rotating disc. The limiting disc is also slidably provided on the insertion rod, and the limiting disc is clamped on the top end of the solid material.

5. The device for measuring liquid sound velocity based on ultrasonic wave as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: An auxiliary support arm is also fixedly arranged on the external frame, and auxiliary sliding blocks are arranged on the first sliding support rod and the second sliding support rod, and the two auxiliary sliding blocks are both slidably connected to the auxiliary support arm.

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