Pressure vessel manufacturing device and tempering embrittlement test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a tempering embrittlement test method, and belongs to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, the pressure vessel manufacturing device comprises a pressure vessel manufacturing device body, the bottom of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body is connected with an assembly table, and the top of the assembly table is provided with an air tightness detection mechanism; through the arranged air tightness detection mechanism, in the moving process of a gear ring, a first motor drives a gear to rotate, the gear drives the gear ring to rotate, a pre-pressing spring on the inner side of the gear ring enables a sealing rubber box to be tightly attached to the outer wall of a pressure container body under the action of the pre-pressing spring, and it is ensured that a good sealing structure is formed between the outer wall of the pressure container body and the sealing rubber box; when gas leakage exists at the welding position outside the pressure vessel body, gas can trigger the trigger type airtight alarm through a leakage point to send out an alarm signal, and a user can accurately judge the specific position of gas leakage according to the position of the alarm and rapidly position a problem source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure vessel manufacturing, and in particular relates to a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a tempering embrittlement test method. Background Art

[0002] Pressure vessels, as a kind of equipment that withstands internal and external pressures, are widely used in chemical, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy and other industries. The quality and safety of pressure vessels are crucial to ensure the safe operation of related industries. Due to the influence of extreme working conditions such as high temperature and pressure, welded joints often become the weak link of pressure vessels, which are prone to cracks, stress corrosion cracks and other problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect the welding quality of pressure vessels.

[0003] In practice, air pressure test is usually used in air tightness detection, that is, by injecting gas (such as air or nitrogen) into the pressure vessel and pressurizing it to the designed working pressure, and then observing whether the container can maintain pressure within the specified time. If the pressure drops significantly, it means there is a leak. The air pressure test can only roughly determine whether there is a leak point, but it cannot accurately locate the leak point. The leak point may be widely distributed. Manual detection takes a long time and it is difficult to find a small leak source. In addition, the material of the hydrogenation reactor is 12Cr2Mo1VR and 12Cr2Mo1R steel. In the production process, according to the requirements of the standards and technical conditions, on the one hand, each batch of welding wire / flux combination of the main weld submerged arc welding welding material needs to be tested. On the other hand, the product must be retested and can only be put into production after passing the retest. On the other hand, the product must be welded to a test plate, and the test plate must be made of the same material, specification, heat treatment status and welding process as the container to test the mechanical properties and bending properties of the product welded joint. At the same time, check the implementation of the welding process to improve the safety and reliability of the hydrogenation reactor. In the entire test process, tempering embrittlement tests (step cooling tests) are often performed, resulting in repeated retests. The step cooling test has a large amount of welding, and the machining and heat treatment time are long. Once the welding material retest fails, it will affect the use of the welding material, resulting in a large waste of welding materials, base materials, labor and testing costs, which will lead to production stagnation. Failure of the product test plate inspection directly affects the production time of the product.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention designs a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a tempering embrittlement test method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a tempering embrittlement test method in order to solve the problems that the traditional method relies on manual inspection or simple air pressure testing, cannot accurately locate the leakage point, and the testing process is cumbersome and the tempering embrittlement test wastes time and cost, affecting production efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A pressure vessel manufacturing device, including a pressure vessel manufacturing device body, the bottom of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body is connected with an assembly table, the top of the assembly table is provided with an airtightness detection mechanism, the airtightness detection mechanism includes a pre-pressure spring, a gear ring, a gear, a motor one and a trigger-type airtight alarm, the output end of the motor one is fixedly connected with a gear, one side of the gear is meshed with the gear ring, the inner side of the gear ring is fixedly connected with a pre-pressure spring, one end of the pre-pressure spring is fixedly connected with a sealing rubber box, and a trigger-type airtight alarm is installed on the inner wall of the sealing rubber box.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0009] The top of the assembly table is connected with a rotary assembly disc, the top of the rotary assembly disc is placed with a pressure vessel body, and the top end of the assembly table is connected with a welding machine.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] One side of the top end of the rotary assembly disc is rotatably connected with a lead screw, the other side of the top end of the rotary assembly is fixedly connected with a limiting rod, the top of the lead screw is provided with a motor two, the motor two is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body, and the output end of the motor two is fixedly connected with one end of the lead screw.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] Both the middle part of the lead screw and the middle part of the limiting rod are sleeved with moving supports, one of the moving supports is threadedly connected with the lead screw, and the other moving support is vertically slidably connected with the limiting rod.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] Both ends of the gear ring are respectively rotatably connected to the inner sides of the two moving supports, one end of the top of one of the moving supports is fixedly connected with a connecting plate, and one end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the back of the motor one.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The top end of the limiting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body, and the sealing rubber box fits against the outer wall of the pressure vessel body.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] A temper embrittlement test method, applied to the pressure vessel manufacturing device described in any one of claims 1-6, includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Select appropriate sampling positions from the welded test plate according to technical conditions to ensure that the specimen area avoids welding defects or crack areas; the sampling shall use the same material, thickness, and welding process conditions as the actual material used for the pressure vessel body, and process impact specimens with dimensions of 15×15×100 mm. The orientation of the specimen requires that the specimen axis is perpendicular to the weld axis and is taken from both sides of the center plane at T / 2 of the weld to ensure that it represents the true state of the welded joint;

[0021] S2: Perform minimum post-heat treatment, minimum post-heat treatment plus step-cooling treatment, and heat treatment tests on the prepared specimens respectively:

[0022] For 12Cr2Mo1VR material, the heat treatment parameters are holding at 705±10°C for 8 hours;

[0023] For 12Cr2Mo1R material, the heat treatment parameters are holding at 690±10°C for 8 hours;

[0024] The step-cooling treatment is controlled according to the process path, and the temperature is decreased at a constant rate according to the set temperature gradient to ensure that the material undergoes controllable temper embrittlement behavior;

[0025] S3: Machine the heat-treated specimens, precisely trim the dimensions to 10×10×100 mm, and at the same time ensure that no cracks, notches, or other mechanical stress concentration areas are introduced during the machining process, laying a foundation for subsequent notch opening and impact tests;

[0026] S4: Polish the standard-sized specimens to make the surface flat and smooth; then immerse the specimens completely in a nitric acid-alcohol mixed solution for corrosion. During the corrosion process, use cotton balls or absorbent cotton to wipe the polished surface repeatedly to control the corrosion rate;

[0027] S5: Quickly take out the specimens that have completed the corrosion treatment from the corrosion solution, rinse them thoroughly with anhydrous alcohol, and then use compressed air to dry the surface of the specimens;

[0028] S6: According to the visible weld bead tissue characteristics after corrosion, judge the distribution of the weld bead lap zone, columnar crystal region, and fusion line, and precisely mark the impact specimen surface to determine the notch opening position. Preferably, the notch is set at the weld bead lap to obtain the most representative impact toughness reflection;

[0029] When the corrosion morphology is uneven, avoid the uneven areas with prominent columnar crystals and select areas with gentle grain transition for marking;

[0030] S7: Based on the scribed position, precisely process the specimen to a final size of 10×10×55 mm, ensuring that the notch position is at the center of the effective impact area and meets the specification size requirements for the Charpy V-notch impact test;

[0031] S8: According to the requirements of relevant standards and technical conditions, conduct the temper embrittlement test on the impact specimens. At eight preset temperature points, -100°C, -80°C, -60°C, -40°C, -30°C, -18°C, 0°C, and 20°C, measure the impact energy values for each heat treatment state. Among them, determine the transition temperature VTr54 corresponding to 54 J, and calculate the value of ΔVTr54. Evaluate whether it meets the acceptance criteria of VTr54 + 3ΔVTr54 ≤ 0°C (for 12Cr2Mo1VR) and VTr54 + 2.5ΔVTr54 ≤ 10°C (for 12Cr2Mo1R), so as to determine whether the temper embrittlement tendency meets the technical requirements;

[0032] S9: After completing the temper embrittlement test, conduct a hermeticity test on the pressure vessel body after welding;

[0033] During the test, air flow needs to be sent into the interior of the pressure vessel body through a transfer pump. Subsequently, start Motor 1 to drive the gear to rotate. When the gear ring rotates, under the action of the preloading spring, it pushes the sealing rubber box to press tightly against the outer wall of the container to form a seal;

[0034] During the sealing process, when the pressure vessel body fails to meet the expected airtightness requirements, air leakage occurs, and the air leakage process triggers the airtightness alarm to sound an alarm.

[0035] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0036] In the heat treatment step of the specimen, the temperature gradient of the step cooling treatment is 0.5°C / min to 1.0°C / min, ensuring that the material can stably undergo temper embrittlement during the cooling process to control the embrittlement behavior to the greatest extent.

[0037] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0038] When the impact specimen is undergoing corrosion treatment, the concentration of the nitric acid alcohol solution used is 4%, and the temperature during the corrosion process is controlled at room temperature.

[0039] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0040] When the notch position of the impact specimen is opened at the weld bead lap joint, a laser microscope is used to finely observe the welded specimen to ensure that the opening accuracy of the notch position reaches the micron level.

[0041] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1. In the present invention, through the provided airtightness detection mechanism, during the movement of the gear ring, the first motor drives the gear to rotate, and the gear drives the gear ring to rotate. The preloading spring inside the gear ring makes the sealed rubber box closely fit the outer wall of the pressure vessel body under its action, ensuring a good sealing structure is formed between the outer wall of the pressure vessel body and the sealed rubber box. When there is air leakage at the welded joint outside the pressure vessel body, the gas will trigger the trigger-type airtight alarm through the leakage point and send an alarm signal. The user can accurately judge the specific location of the air leakage according to the position of the alarm, quickly locate the problem source. This airtightness test not only improves the sensitivity and accuracy of air leakage detection, but also optimizes the detection efficiency and positioning accuracy, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the pressure vessel body and avoiding potential safety hazards or equipment failures caused by air leakage.

[0043] 2. In the present invention, by adopting a precisely controlled step-cooling treatment temperature gradient of 0.5 °C / minute to 1.0 °C / minute during the temper embrittlement test, it can ensure that the specimen experiences stable and controllable temper embrittlement behavior during the cooling process. In terms of the working principle, the step-cooling treatment can effectively prevent the phenomenon of non-uniform microstructure caused by too fast cooling rate through strict temperature control, ensuring that the change of the microstructure of the material during the tempering process is uniform, thereby reducing the local embrittlement of the material. Through this fine temperature gradient control, the temper embrittlement behavior can be more controllable, and defects such as cracks and pores in the specimen are minimized, making the results of the temper embrittlement test more accurate. The optimization of this process not only improves the repeatability of the temper embrittlement test, but also ensures the reliability of the impact test results, ensuring that the performance of the welded joint can reach the expected strength and toughness during actual use.

[0044] 3. In the present invention, in the corrosion treatment step, a 4% nitric acid alcohol solution is used and the corrosion is carried out at room temperature, which can ensure the uniformity of the corrosion on the specimen surface. In terms of the working principle, this corrosion method with temperature control effectively prevents problems such as local over-corrosion or uneven corrosion caused by temperature rise by delaying the corrosion rate, thereby maintaining the integrity of important features such as the weld bead and fusion line. The corrosion treatment can clearly show the microstructure of the welded joint, making the subsequent determination of the notch position more accurate. Precise notch opening is crucial for evaluating the impact toughness of the welded joint, avoiding errors caused by uneven corrosion. Under this fine control, the notch opening position of the specimen is more reliable, improving the accuracy of the temper embrittlement test and enhancing the operability and standardization of this test method, ensuring the stability of the performance of the welded joint of the pressure vessel body under different environmental conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the front view part of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 For a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view at position A in;

[0048] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the gear ring part of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 For a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view at position B in;

[0050] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the step-by-step cooling embrittlement treatment procedure of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the curve of the impact energy versus the test temperature of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the notch scribing position of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the working process of a pressure vessel manufacturing device and a temper embrittlement test method proposed by the present invention.

[0054] Legend:

[0055] 1. Pressure vessel manufacturing device body; 2. Welder; 3. Pressure vessel body; 4. Rotary assembly disc; 5. Air tightness detection mechanism; 501. Second motor; 502. Lead screw; 503. Gear ring; 504. Sealing rubber box; 505. Preloading spring; 506. Limiting rod; 507. Moving support; 508. Gear; 509. Trigger type air tight alarm; 510. Connecting plate; 511. First motor; 6. Assembly table. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1-9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a pressure vessel manufacturing device, including a pressure vessel manufacturing device body 1. The bottom of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body 1 is connected to an assembly table 6. The top of the assembly table 6 is provided with an airtightness detection mechanism 5. The airtightness detection mechanism 5 includes a pre-pressure spring 505, a gear ring 503, a gear 508, a motor 511 and a trigger-type airtight alarm 509. The output end of the motor 511 is fixedly connected to the gear 508. One side of the gear 508 is engaged with the gear ring 503. The inner side of the gear ring 503 is fixedly connected to the pre-pressure spring 505. One end of the pre-pressure spring 505 is fixedly connected to a sealing rubber box 504. The inner wall of the sealing rubber box 504 is installed with a trigger-type airtight alarm 509.

[0058] It should be noted that the trigger-type airtight alarm 509 is mainly used to detect gas leakage in the sealing system. Its working principle is based on the real-time monitoring of gas leakage inside the container. When the leaked gas reaches a certain concentration or pressure, the trigger-type airtight alarm 509 will trigger the alarm device through an electrical signal. The specific working principle is as follows: It consists of a gas sensor and an alarm. When the leakage amount reaches the preset safety threshold, the gas sensor will send a signal to the control alarm, thereby starting the alarm. Its specific model is Honeywell Sensepoint XCL.

[0059] Specifically, as Figures 1-5 shown, the top of the assembly table 6 is connected to a rotating assembly disk 4. The top of the rotating assembly disk 4 is placed with a pressure vessel body 3. The top end of the assembly table 6 is connected to a welding machine 2.

[0060] Among the above components, the rotating assembly disk 4. The main purpose of this design is to facilitate the assembly and welding of the pressure vessel. The rotating assembly disk 4 enables the pressure vessel body 3 to rotate flexibly, thereby facilitating welding operations on the pressure vessel at different angles. After the rotating assembly disk 4 is installed on the assembly table 6, it can provide a rotating function, enabling the pressure vessel body 3 placed on it to rotate 360 degrees during the welding process. Through rotation, the operator does not need to adjust the sample position, thereby improving work efficiency. Especially when welding different parts of the container, the rotating assembly disk 4 provides great convenience.

[0061] Specifically, as Figures 1-5As shown, one side of the top end of the rotating assembly disk 4 is rotatably connected to a lead screw 502, and the other side of the top end of the rotating assembly is fixedly connected to a limiting rod 506. A second motor 501 is provided at the top of the lead screw 502, and the second motor 501 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body 1. The output end of the second motor 501 is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw 502.

[0062] Among the above components, the second motor 501 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device to provide power to drive the lead screw 502 to rotate. The output end of the second motor 501 is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw 502, ensuring that the power of the second motor 501 can be directly transmitted to the lead screw 502.

[0063] Specifically, as Figures 1-5 shown, moving supports 507 are sleeved on the middle parts of both the lead screw 502 and the limiting rod 506. One of the moving supports 507 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 502, and the other moving support 507 is vertically slidably connected to the limiting rod 506.

[0064] Among the above components, the vertically sliding connection method provides another layer of stability, enabling the limiting rod 506 to restrict the vertical movement of the moving support 507, thus ensuring that the moving support 507 does not undergo unnecessary deviation.

[0065] Specifically, as Figures 1-5 shown, both ends of the gear ring 503 are rotatably connected to the inner sides of the two moving supports 507. One end of the top of one of the moving supports 507 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 510, and one end of the connecting plate 510 is fixedly connected to the back of the first motor 511.

[0066] Among the above components, through the rotation of the gear ring 503, it can be ensured that the sealing rubber box 504 closely fits the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3 with appropriate pressure, thereby forming a reliable sealing structure. During the sealing process, the rotation of the gear ring 503 enables the sealing rubber box 504 to cover and press the welding part on the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3, effectively preventing gas leakage.

[0067] Specifically, as Figures 1-5 shown, the top end of the limiting rod 506 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body 1, and the sealing rubber box 504 is attached to the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3.

[0068] Among the above components, the design of the sealing rubber box 504 is to ensure the airtightness of the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3 during the airtightness test. During the sealing process, the sealing rubber box 504 is pressed against the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3 by the action of the preloading spring 505 to form good sealing contact, which can effectively prevent gas leakage and ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0069] Specifically, as Figures 1-9 shown, a temper embrittlement test method is applied to the pressure vessel manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1-6, and includes the following steps:

[0070] S1: Select appropriate sampling positions from the welded test plate according to technical conditions to ensure that the specimen area avoids welding defects or crack areas; the sampling shall use the same material, thickness and welding process conditions as the actual material used in the pressure vessel, and process impact specimens with dimensions of 15×15×100 mm. The orientation of the specimen requires that the specimen axis is perpendicular to the weld axis, and is taken from both sides of the center plane at T / 2 of the weld to ensure that it represents the true state of the welded joint;

[0071] S2: Perform minimum post-heat treatment, minimum post-heat treatment plus step cooling treatment and heat treatment tests on the prepared specimens respectively:

[0072] For 12Cr2Mo1VR material, the heat treatment parameters are holding at 705±10°C for 8 hours;

[0073] For 12Cr2Mo1R material, the heat treatment parameters are holding at 690±10°C for 8 hours;

[0074] The step cooling treatment is controlled according to the process path, and the temperature is decreased at a constant rate according to the set temperature gradient to ensure that the material undergoes controllable temper embrittlement behavior;

[0075] S3: Machine the heat-treated specimens, precisely trim the dimensions to 10×10×100 mm, and at the same time ensure that no cracks, notches or other mechanical stress concentration areas are introduced during the machining process, laying a good foundation for subsequent notch opening and impact tests;

[0076] S4: Polish the standard-sized specimens to make the surface smooth and bright; then immerse the specimens completely in a nitric acid-alcohol mixed solution for corrosion. During the corrosion process, use cotton balls or absorbent cotton to wipe the polished surface repeatedly to control the corrosion rate;

[0077] S5: Quickly take out the specimens that have completed the corrosion treatment from the corrosion solution, rinse them thoroughly with anhydrous alcohol, and then use compressed air to dry the surface of the specimens;

[0078] S6: According to the visible weld bead tissue characteristics after corrosion, judge the distribution of the weld bead lap zone, columnar crystal area and fusion line, and precisely mark on the surface of the impact specimen to determine the notch opening position. Preferably, the notch is set at the weld bead lap to obtain the most representative impact toughness reflection;

[0079] When the corrosion morphology is uneven, it is necessary to avoid the uneven area where the columnar crystals protrude, and select the area with gentle grain transition for marking;

[0080] S7: Based on the scribed position, precisely process the specimen to a final size of 10×10×55 mm, ensuring that the notch position is at the center of the effective impact area and meets the specification size requirements for the Charpy V-notch impact test;

[0081] S8: According to the requirements of relevant standards and technical conditions, conduct the temper embrittlement test on the impact specimens. At eight preset temperature points, -100°C, -80°C, -60°C, -40°C, -30°C, -18°C, 0°C, and 20°C, measure the impact energy values for each treatment state. Among them, determine the transition temperature VTr54 corresponding to 54 J, and calculate the value of ΔVTr54. Evaluate whether it meets the acceptance criteria of VTr54 + 3ΔVTr54 ≤ 0°C (for 12Cr2Mo1VR) and VTr54 + 2.5ΔVTr54 ≤ 10°C (for 12Cr2Mo1R), so as to determine whether the temper embrittlement tendency meets the technical requirements;

[0082] S9: After completing the temper embrittlement test, conduct a leak tightness test on the pressure vessel body 3 after welding;

[0083] During the test, air flow needs to be sent into the interior of the pressure vessel body 3 through a transfer pump. Subsequently, start the first motor 511 to drive the gear 508 to rotate. When the gear ring 503 rotates, it acts through the preloading spring 505 to push the sealing rubber box 504 to press tightly against the outer wall of the container to form a seal;

[0084] During the sealing process, when the pressure vessel body 3 fails to meet the expected airtightness requirements and leaks occur, the leakage process triggers the airtight alarm to sound an alarm.

[0085] Specifically, as Figures 6-9 shown, in the heat treatment steps of the specimen, the temperature gradient of the step cooling treatment is 0.5°C / minute to 1.0°C / minute, ensuring that the material can stably undergo temper embrittlement during the cooling process to maximize the control of embrittlement behavior.

[0086] Among them, the step cooling treatment is carried out according to the process path as shown in the appendix Figure 7 for.

[0087] In the above components, the step cooling treatment controls the temperature change rate of the material during the cooling process, enabling the specimen to be gradually cooled at a precisely controllable speed during the temperature drop process, rather than causing non-uniform microstructure changes or unnecessary stresses through rapid cooling. This slow cooling rate helps to optimize the microstructure of the material and avoid phenomena such as increased brittleness or non-uniform material properties caused by too rapid cooling.

[0088] Specifically, as Figures 6-9As shown, when the impact specimen is subjected to corrosion treatment, the concentration of the nitric acid alcohol solution used is 4%, and the temperature during the corrosion process is controlled at room temperature.

[0089] In the above-mentioned component, the concentration of the nitric acid alcohol solution is controlled at 4% to ensure that the solution concentration during the corrosion process is moderate. Too high a concentration may cause excessive corrosion, which in turn affects the structural characteristics of the welded joint and even damages the surface of the specimen; while too low a concentration may not be able to effectively reveal the microscopic characteristics of the welded joint. By using a 4% nitric acid alcohol solution, the corrosion effect can be ensured to be uniform and moderate, which can clearly show the welded joint area without damaging the integrity of the specimen.

[0090] Specifically, as Figures 6-9 shown, when the notch position of the impact specimen is opened at the weld bead overlap, a laser microscope is used to finely observe the welded specimen to ensure that the opening accuracy of the notch position reaches the micron level.

[0091] In the above-mentioned component, the notch position of the welded specimen is usually selected at the weld bead overlap because this area is the most critical part of the welded joint and directly affects the mechanical properties of the welded joint. In the temper embrittlement test, the selection of the notch position is crucial for the test results. By setting the notch at the weld bead overlap, it can be ensured that the test results reflect the true embrittlement behavior and performance of the welded joint.

[0092] Working principle, during use: Through the set airtightness detection mechanism 5, when the user conducts a sealing test on the pressure vessel body 3 after welding, the user can send air flow into the interior of the pressure vessel body 3 through a transfer pump. Subsequently, the user sequentially starts the first motor 511 and the second motor 501. The output end of the second motor 501 drives the lead screw 502 to rotate, and the lead screw 502 further drives one of the moving supports 507 to move. This moving support 507 drives the other moving support 507 through the gear ring 503, causing the gear ring 503 to move up and down. During the movement of the gear ring 503, the first motor 511 drives the gear 508 to rotate, and the gear 508 drives the gear ring 503 to rotate. The preloading spring 505 inside the gear ring 503 makes the sealing rubber box 504 closely fit the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3 under its action, ensuring a good sealing structure is formed between the outer wall of the pressure vessel body 3 and the sealing rubber box 504. When there is air leakage at the welded joint outside the pressure vessel body 3, the gas will trigger the trigger-type airtight alarm 509 through the leakage point and emit an alarm signal. The user can accurately judge the specific location of the air leakage based on the position of the alarm, quickly locate the problem source. This sealing test not only improves the sensitivity and accuracy of air leakage detection, but also optimizes the detection efficiency and positioning accuracy, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the pressure vessel body 3 and avoiding potential safety hazards or equipment failures caused by air leakage. First, select a suitable specimen position from the welding test plate, avoiding welding defects and crack areas to ensure that the specimens taken can truly represent the mechanical properties of the pressure vessel welding joint. These specimens are processed using the same material, thickness, and welding process as the container to ensure the accuracy of the test data. Then, the specimens undergo a minimum post-weld heat treatment (Min.PWHT) and step cooling treatment to cause a controllable temper embrittlement behavior of the material and optimize the toughness of the welding joint. The heat treatment ensures that the specimens can undergo a predetermined temper embrittlement process by precisely controlling the temperature and time. The step cooling treatment controls the cooling rate of the material (0.5 °C / minute to 1.0 °C / minute), thus ensuring that the material does not undergo excessive embrittlement during the cooling process and maximizing the control of the embrittlement behavior. When the specimens are machined, precise dimensions are maintained, and cracks, notches, or other stress concentration areas are avoided to ensure the reliability of subsequent tests. The specimens are subjected to corrosion treatment to reveal the microstructural characteristics of the welded area for precise determination of the notch position. During the corrosion process, by controlling the concentration of the corrosion solution (4% nitric acid alcohol solution) and temperature (conducted at room temperature), uniform corrosion is ensured, avoiding any errors caused by uneven corrosion. Based on the surface characteristics of the corroded specimens, a suitable notch opening position is selected, preferably at the weld bead overlap, which can ensure that the impact specimens provide the most representative impact toughness response during the test.If the corrosion morphology is uneven, avoid the columnar crystal region and select a place with a gentle grain transition for scribing. Conduct temper embrittlement tests through a preset number of temperature points to ensure that the impact energy values of the impact specimens are measured at different temperatures. Then, based on the VTr54 (transition temperature) and ΔVTr54 (temperature increment) values, evaluate whether it meets the technical requirements. Through this process, the temper embrittlement tendency of the material can be accurately evaluated to ensure that it meets the strength and toughness requirements during the use of the container. By optimizing steps such as specimen sampling, heat treatment, corrosion treatment, impact testing, and sealing detection, the accuracy and reliability of the temper embrittlement test results are ensured. At the same time, the accuracy of the sealing detection of the pressure vessel body 3 is improved, the production cost and time loss are reduced, and the safety and reliability of the pressure vessel body 3 are enhanced.

[0093] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure vessel manufacturing device, comprising a pressure vessel manufacturing device body (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body (1) is connected to an assembly table (6), and the top of the assembly table (6) is provided with an airtightness detection mechanism (5), and the airtightness detection mechanism (5) comprises a pre-stressed spring (505), a gear ring (503), a gear (508), a motor 1 (511) and a trigger-type airtightness alarm (509), wherein the output end of the motor 1 (511) is fixedly connected to the gear (508), one side of the gear (508) is meshed with the gear ring (503), the inner side of the gear ring (503) is fixedly connected to the pre-stressed spring (505), one end of the pre-stressed spring (505) is fixedly connected to a sealing rubber box (504), and the inner wall of the sealing rubber box (504) is installed with a trigger-type airtightness alarm (509).

2. A pressure vessel manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the assembly platform (6) is connected to a rotating assembly disk (4), a pressure vessel body (3) is placed on the top of the rotating assembly disk (4), and the top of the assembly platform (6) is connected to a welding machine (2).

3. A pressure vessel manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A screw rod (502) is rotatably connected to one side of the top of the rotating assembly disk (4), and a limit rod (506) is fixedly connected to the other side of the top of the rotating assembly disk. A second motor (501) is provided on the top of the screw rod (502). The second motor (501) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body (1), and the output end of the second motor (501) is fixedly connected to one end of the screw rod (502).

4. A pressure vessel manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle part of the screw rod (502) and the middle part of the limiting rod (506) are both sleeved with movable supports (507), one of the movable supports (507) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (502), and the other movable support (507) is vertically slidably connected to the limiting rod (506).

5. A pressure vessel manufacturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two ends of the gear ring (503) are rotatably connected to the inner sides of two movable supports (507), respectively, wherein the top end of one of the movable supports (507) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (510), and one end of the connecting plate (510) is fixedly connected to the back side of motor 1 (511).

6. A pressure vessel manufacturing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top end of the limiting rod (506) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the pressure vessel manufacturing device body (1), and the sealing rubber box (504) is attached to the outer wall of the pressure vessel body (3).

7. A temper embrittlement test method, characterized in that: Applicable to the pressure vessel manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, The following steps are involved: S1: Select a suitable sampling position from the welding test plate according to the technical conditions to ensure that the sample area avoids welding defects or cracks; the orientation of the sample requires that the sample axis is perpendicular to the weld axis and is taken from both sides of the center plane at T / 2 of the weld to ensure that it represents the true state of the weld joint; S2: The prepared samples are subjected to minimum post-heat treatment, minimum post-heat treatment plus step cooling treatment and heat treatment test respectively: For 12Cr2Mo1VR material, the heat treatment parameters are 705±10℃ for 8 hours; For 12Cr2Mo1 R material, the heat treatment parameters are 690±10℃ for 8 hours; The first cooling process is controlled according to the process path, and the temperature is cooled at a constant rate according to the set temperature gradient to ensure that the material undergoes controllable tempering embrittlement behavior; S3: Mechanically process the heat-treated specimens to accurately trim the size to 10×10×100mm, while ensuring that no cracks, notches or other mechanical stress concentration areas are introduced during the processing, laying a good foundation for subsequent notch opening and impact testing; S4: Polish the standard size sample to make the surface smooth and clean; then completely immerse the sample in a nitric acid alcohol mixed solution for corrosion. During the corrosion process, use cotton balls or absorbent cotton to repeatedly wipe the polished surface to control the corrosion rate; S5: The sample that has been corroded is quickly taken out from the corrosive solution, rinsed thoroughly with anhydrous alcohol, and then the surface of the sample is blown dry with compressed air; S6: According to the weld microstructure characteristics visible after corrosion, the distribution of weld overlap area, columnar crystal area and fusion line is determined, and the surface of the impact specimen is accurately marked to determine the location of the notch. The notch is preferably set at the weld overlap to obtain the most representative impact toughness reflection; S7: Based on the scribed position, the specimen is precisely machined to meet the standard size requirements of the Charpy V-notch impact test; S8: According to the requirements of relevant standards and technical conditions, the tempering embrittlement test of the impact specimen is carried out, and the impact energy value of each treatment state is tested at the preset 8 temperature points, -100℃, -80℃, -60℃, -40℃, -30℃, -18℃, 0℃, and 20℃. Among them, the transformation temperature VTr54 corresponding to 54J is calculated, and the ΔVTr54 value is calculated to evaluate whether it meets the qualified criteria of VTr54+3ΔVTr54≤0℃(12Cr2Mo1VR), VTr54+2.5ΔVTr54≤10℃(12Cr2Mo1 R), so as to determine whether the tempering embrittlement tendency meets the technical requirements; S9: After the tempering embrittlement test is completed, a sealing test is performed on the welded pressure vessel body (3); during the sealing process, when the pressure vessel body (3) fails to meet the expected airtightness requirements, air leakage occurs, and the air leakage process triggers the airtight alarm to sound an alarm.

8. A temper embrittlement test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the heat treatment step of the sample, the temperature gradient of the cooling step is 0.5℃ / min to 1.0℃ / min, which ensures that the material can be tempered and embrittled stably during the cooling process to control the embrittlement behavior to the greatest extent.

9. A temper embrittlement test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the impact specimen is subjected to corrosion treatment, the concentration of the nitric acid alcohol solution used is 4%, and the temperature during the corrosion process is controlled to be carried out at room temperature.

10. A temper embrittlement test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the notch position of the impact specimen is opened at the weld overlap, a laser microscope is used to perform detailed observation of the welding specimen to ensure that the opening accuracy of the notch position reaches the micron level.

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