Calibration structure and calibration method for large-tonnage force value measurement system of compression shear testing machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a calibration structure and a calibration method for a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a compression-shear tester, a calibration device is arranged in the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear tester, the calibration device records parameters in the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear tester, and the load borne by the calibration device is calculated according to the recorded parameters. Therefore, the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear testing machine is calibrated and metered, and the measurement accuracy of the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear testing machine is ensured. And calibration devices with various structures are arranged to cope with different working conditions of the compression-shear testing machine, so that calibration and metering work under various working conditions are realized, and the calibration problem of the compression-shear testing machine under various different conditions is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shear compression testing machines for seismic isolation bearings, and particularly relates to a calibration structure and a calibration method for a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a shear compression testing machine. Background Art

[0002] The seismic isolation bearing or the specimen needs to be subjected to a horizontal shear test under a certain vertical pressure, and this test needs to be completed on a shear compression testing machine. The shear compression testing machine is composed of a frame, a vertical oil cylinder, a horizontal oil cylinder, a vertical guiding mechanism, a horizontal guiding mechanism, a force sensor, and upper and lower loading plates.

[0003] Due to structural limitations, the force value measurement system of the testing machine has defects. As shown in Figure 8 , when measuring the horizontal shear force F1 of the specimen through the horizontal force sensor, the measurement result of the horizontal force sensor will inevitably include the inertial force F2 of the lower loading plate and the frictional force F3 of the horizontal guiding mechanism. At present, the code GB / T20688.1-2007 gives a correction method for the inertial force of the lower loading plate and the frictional force of the horizontal guiding mechanism. The measurement and correction methods of the inertial force include a direct method and an indirect method. In the direct method, under the condition of not placing the specimen, the shear compression device is operated; at this time, the shear force recorded by the horizontal force sensor is the inertial force. In the indirect method, under the condition of not placing the specimen, an acceleration sensor is placed on the moving body, and the shear compression device is operated; at this time, the product of the acceleration displayed by the acceleration sensor and the mass of the moving body is the inertial force. In the measurement and correction method of the frictional force, an additional actuator and a frictional force sensor need to be set. The specific method is to first lock the horizontal actuator of the shear compression device, then apply a vertical pressure to support the specimen, and finally drive the additional actuator. The force recorded by the frictional force sensor under the above operations is twice the sliding or rolling frictional force.

[0004] However, there are problems with the measurement and correction methods of the inertial force and the frictional force in the above code. In the measurement of the inertial force, it is necessary to measure the mass of the moving body, which will introduce additional errors. In addition, the numerical accuracy and phase accuracy of the horizontal force sensor and the acceleration sensor will affect the measurement result of the inertial force. In the measurement of the frictional force, it is necessary to transform the original test device, and the actual operation is complex; moreover, it is difficult to keep the friction performance of the upper and lower sliding or rolling devices consistent, which brings an inestimable impact on the measurement result of the frictional force; and the friction performance will change with time, and in actual projects, it is necessary to regularly measure and correct the frictional force, which increases a large amount of economic and time costs.

[0005] ​​There are mainly two methods for measuring the internal force of the isolation bearing by a compression-shear testing machine. Method one is to measure the vertical force on the isolation bearing through an axial force sensor connected to the vertical oil cylinder, and measure the horizontal shear force on the isolation bearing through an axial force sensor connected to the horizontal oil cylinder. Method one is a commonly used force value measurement method in current compression-shear testing machines, but the force value measurement accuracy is insufficient and difficult to calibrate, especially in the horizontal direction. In addition, due to the large force value of the compression-shear testing machine, generally the vertical force is more than 1000 tons and the horizontal force is more than 100 tons, it is difficult to complete the metrology of the force value measurement system for the above force values. Method two is to measure the force value through an external acquisition system arranged between the upper loading plate and the main loading plate. The external acquisition system is composed of multiple three-component sensors, and the internal force in the isolation bearing is obtained by processing and analyzing the position and reading of the three-component sensors. Although method two can effectively improve the accuracy of force value measurement, the external acquisition system composed of multiple three-component sensors is still affected by other factors, such as: the installation order of the three-component sensors, the stiffness of the main loading plate, the stiffness of the upper loading plate, etc. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the external acquisition system, it needs to be calibrated. In addition, due to the large force value tonnage of the compression-shear testing machine, it is difficult to complete the metrology of the force value measurement system.

[0006] Due to the defects in both the force value measurement system and the force value measurement method of the testing machine, it is difficult to calibrate and measure the force value measurement method in the compression-shear testing machine. The present invention provides a calibration structure and a calibration method for a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a compression-shear testing machine to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a calibration structure and a calibration method for a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a compression-shear testing machine, and completes the metrology of the large-tonnage force value measurement device of the compression-shear testing machine by setting a calibration device.

[0008] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems are:

[0009] A calibration structure for a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a compression-shear testing machine includes a compression-shear testing machine and a calibration device, and the calibration device is arranged in the compression-shear testing machine; the compression-shear testing machine includes a vertical force loading mechanism and a horizontal force loading mechanism, and the calibration device is located between the vertical force loading mechanism and the horizontal force loading mechanism;

[0010] The calibration device includes a connecting seat and a loading rod, the connecting seat includes an upper connecting seat and a lower connecting seat, the upper connecting seat is arranged on the vertical force loading mechanism, the lower connecting seat is arranged on the horizontal force loading mechanism, and both ends of the loading rod are movably connected to the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat respectively.

[0011] Further, two loading rods are provided, one end points of the two loading rods intersect and are arranged in a triangle, and the loading rods are the sides of the triangle.

[0012] Further, the triangle formed by the loading rods is an upright triangle or an inverted triangle.

[0013] Further, the triangle formed by the loading rods is a left - right symmetric triangle or an asymmetric triangle.

[0014] Further, an axial - force sensor is arranged in the middle of the loading rod, and a measuring sensor is arranged on the connecting seat. The measuring sensor is a distance sensor or an angle sensor.

[0015] Further, the connecting seat is a spherical hinge seat.

[0016] Further, an external acquisition system is also provided on the compression - shear testing machine.

[0017] A calibration method for a calibration structure of a large - tonnage force - value measurement system of a compression - shear testing machine includes the following steps.

[0018] S1, Connecting the system: Install the connecting seat on the vertical - force loading mechanism and the horizontal - force loading mechanism, and then connect the loading rods to the connecting seat to form a triangular calibration device.

[0019] The triangle formed by the calibration device has four points A, B, C, and D. The three vertices of the triangle are points A, B, and D respectively, where point A is the vertex where the two loading rods intersect, and the foot of the perpendicular of the vertical height of the triangle is point C.

[0020] S2, Installing the sensors: Install a measuring sensor at the axis center of the connecting seat, and use the measuring sensor to measure the mutual position relationship and angles between the points.

[0021] S3, Applying loads: Apply a vertical load F V through the vertical - force loading mechanism, and apply a horizontal load F H through the horizontal - force loading mechanism. After waiting for the system to stabilize, measure the included angles α and β and the axial forces F AL AR and F AR on the two loading rods when the target load is reached through the measuring sensor;

[0022] α is the included angle of ∠BAC, and β is the included angle of ∠DAC;

[0023] S4, Calculating the vertical force and the horizontal shear force: Calculate the vertical force through the formula (F AL * cosα + F AR * cosβ), and calculate the horizontal shear force through the formula (F AL * sinα - F AR * sinβ);

[0024] S5, Numerical comparison and calibration: Compare the load F Vand load F H Compare with the vertical force and horizontal shear force measured by the calibration device to obtain the difference between them, and calibrate and analyze the error of the large-tonnage force value measuring device of the compression-shear testing machine according to the difference.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] Set a calibration device in the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear testing machine, and calibrate and measure the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear testing machine through the calibration device to ensure the accuracy of the measurement of the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression-shear testing machine;

[0027] Set calibration devices with various structures to cope with different working conditions of the compression-shear testing machine, realize the calibration and measurement work under various working conditions, and solve the calibration problems of the compression-shear testing machine in various different situations. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the calibration structure with an external acquisition system set in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the calibration structure without an external acquisition system set in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the calibration device of the present invention is symmetric and arranged in an upright triangle;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the calibration device of the present invention is symmetric and arranged in an inverted triangle;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the calibration device of the present invention is asymmetric and arranged in an inverted triangle;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the calibration device of the present invention is asymmetric and arranged in an upright triangle;

[0034] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the calibration device of the present invention is asymmetric and arranged in a trapezoid;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the state of force value measurement of the force value measurement system of the testing machine in the background technology of the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1, compression-shear testing machine; 11, vertical force loading mechanism; 12, horizontal force loading mechanism; 2, calibration device; 21, connecting seat; 22, loading rod; 3, external acquisition system. Detailed Embodiments

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0039] As Figure 1 、 2 shown, a calibration structure for a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a compression-shear testing machine includes a compression-shear testing machine 1 and a calibration device 2, and the calibration device 2 is arranged in the compression-shear testing machine 1; the compression-shear testing machine 1 includes a vertical force loading mechanism 11 and a horizontal force loading mechanism 12. The vertical force loading mechanism 11 includes a vertical oil cylinder, a vertical guiding mechanism, an axial force sensor, and an upper loading plate. The vertical oil cylinder is arranged on the upper loading plate, the vertical guiding mechanism is arranged on both sides of the upper loading plate, and the axial force sensor of the vertical force loading mechanism 11 is arranged between the vertical oil cylinder and the upper loading plate. The horizontal force loading mechanism 12 includes a horizontal oil cylinder, a horizontal guiding mechanism, an axial force sensor, and a lower loading plate. The horizontal oil cylinder is arranged on one side of the lower loading plate, the horizontal guiding mechanism is arranged below the lower loading plate, and the axial force sensor of the horizontal force loading mechanism 12 is arranged between the horizontal oil cylinder and the lower loading plate. The calibration device 2 is located between the upper loading plate of the vertical force loading mechanism 11 and the lower loading plate of the horizontal force loading mechanism 12.

[0040] As Figure 2 、 3 、4 shown, in the first embodiment of the present invention, it is arranged in a compression-shear testing machine 1 without an externally purchased system. The calibration device 2 is arranged between the upper loading plate and the lower loading plate and is an isosceles triangle symmetric about the left and right. It is mainly applied in the test when the horizontal displacement of the compression-shear testing machine is close to zero; and according to needs, the isosceles triangle symmetric about the left and right formed by the calibration device 2 can be set to be inverted or upright.

[0041] As Figure 2 、 5As shown in FIGS. 6, in the second embodiment of the present invention, it is arranged in the compression-shear testing machine 1 without an external acquisition system. The calibration device 2 is arranged between the upper loading plate and the lower loading plate and is in an asymmetric triangle shape on the left and right. It is mainly applied in tests when the horizontal displacement of the compression-shear testing machine is large, such as the ultimate shear position; and according to needs, the isosceles triangle that is symmetric on the left and right formed by the calibration device 2 is set to be inverted or upright.

[0042] Such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown in FIGS. 4, in the third embodiment of the present invention, it is arranged in the compression-shear testing machine 1 with an external acquisition system. The external acquisition system 3 is arranged in the vertical force loading mechanism 11. The external acquisition system 3 includes a main loading plate and a three-component sensor. The vertical oil cylinder is arranged above the main loading plate. The axial force sensor of the vertical force loading mechanism 11 is arranged between the vertical oil cylinder and the main loading plate. The vertical guiding mechanism is arranged on both sides of the main loading plate. The upper loading plate is located below the main loading plate. A plurality of three-component sensors are arranged between the main loading plate and the upper loading plate; the calibration device 2 is arranged between the upper loading plate and the lower loading plate and is in an isosceles triangle shape that is symmetric on the left and right. It is mainly applied in tests when the horizontal displacement of the compression-shear testing machine is close to zero; and according to needs, the isosceles triangle that is symmetric on the left and right formed by the calibration device 2 is set to be inverted or upright.

[0043] Such as Figure 1 , 5 As shown in FIGS. 6, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, it is arranged in the compression-shear testing machine 1 with an external acquisition system. The calibration device 2 is in an asymmetric triangle shape on the left and right. It is mainly applied in tests when the horizontal displacement of the compression-shear testing machine is large; and according to needs, the isosceles triangle that is symmetric on the left and right formed by the calibration device 2 is set to be inverted or upright.

[0044] The calibration device 2 includes a connecting seat 21 and a loading rod 22. The connecting seat 21 includes an upper connecting seat and a lower connecting seat. The upper connecting seat is arranged on the upper loading plate of the vertical force loading mechanism 11. The lower connecting seat is arranged on the lower loading plate of the horizontal force loading mechanism 12. Both ends of the loading rod 22 are movably connected to the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat respectively.

[0045] The principle of the present invention is as follows: two obliquely arranged loading rods 22 are set between the upper loading plate and the lower loading plate to form a triangular structure. The loading rod 22 is connected to the upper loading plate or the lower loading plate through a connecting seat 21, and an axial force sensor is set on the loading rod 22. After the arrangement is completed, the vertical force loading mechanism 11 and the horizontal force loading mechanism 12 begin to apply force, and at the same time record the force value of the axial force sensor in the loading rod 22 and the parameters of the relative position relationship. When the vertical force loading mechanism 11 and the horizontal force loading mechanism 12 reach the predetermined force value and the value of the axial force sensor in the loading rod 22 is stable, record the force value of the axial force sensor in the loading rod 22 and the parameters of the relative position relationship of the loading rod 22 at this time. The parameters of the relative position relationship include angle or distance. Then, the internal force between the upper loading plate and the lower loading plate is calculated by formula according to the force value and the parameters of the relative position relationship, and the internal force is compared with the force value applied by the vertical force loading mechanism 11 and the horizontal force loading mechanism 12 to obtain the difference between the displayed applied force value and the actual internal force value, and the large-tonnage force measurement system of the compression and shear testing machine is calibrated through the difference, and its measurement error can also be analyzed. When the compression and shear testing machine 1 applies pressure, the applied force value will be displayed, and the loading rod 22 arranged between the upper loading plate and the lower loading plate will display the force value it is subjected to. After calculation through the formula, the force value subjected to the loading rod 22 is converted into the pressure it is subjected to from the vertical force loading mechanism 11 and the horizontal force loading mechanism 12 respectively. By comparing the pressure force value with the applied force value, the difference between the displayed force value and the actual force value of the compression and shear testing machine 1 can be obtained, and then the source of the difference of the compression and shear testing machine 1 can be measured through the difference, and the compression and shear testing machine 1 can be calibrated accordingly so that its measurement meets the accuracy requirements.

[0046] Furthermore, two loading rods 22 are provided, and one end point of the two loading rods 22 intersects and is provided in a triangle, and the loading rods 22 are sides of the triangle.

[0047] Furthermore, when the loading rods 22 are set, one or more groups are set according to actual conditions. Two loading rods 22 form a group. When multiple groups are set, the multiple groups of loading rods 22 are set in parallel along the front-to-back direction, and when setting, the multiple groups of loading rods 22 ensure front-to-back symmetry to avoid unbalanced loading.

[0048] Furthermore, when the loading rod 22 is connected to the connecting seat 21, each loading rod 22 and the connecting seat 21 are independently connected to each other, so that each loading rod 22 is a two-force rod when subjected to force, that is, the loading rod 22 itself only bears the axial force along the direction of the rod, and will not be affected by the force of another loading rod 22.

[0049] like Figure 7As shown, further, when setting the loading rod 22, if there are restrictions in the structure or space, resulting in the inability to set the two loading rods 22 collinearly, the setting method of the two loading rods 22 can also be deformed at this time to form a trapezoidal shape, but the extension lines of the two loading rods 22 still intersect at a point.

[0050] Further, an axial force sensor is provided in the middle of the loading rod 22, and a measurement sensor is provided on the connecting seat 21. The measurement sensor is a distance sensor or an angle sensor. By measuring the distance or angle between the loading rods 22 with the measurement sensor, the relative position relationship of the four points A, B, C, and D in the calibration device 2 is measured.

[0051] Further, the connecting seat 21 is a spherical hinge seat.

[0052] Further, an external acquisition system 3 is also provided on the compression-shear testing machine 1.

[0053] A calibration method for a calibration structure of a large-tonnage force value measurement system of a compression-shear testing machine includes the following steps.

[0054] S1, Connecting the system: Install the connecting seat 21 on the vertical force loading mechanism 11 and the horizontal force loading mechanism 12, and then connect the loading rod 22 with the connecting seat 21 to form a triangular calibration device 2.

[0055] The triangle formed by the calibration device 2 has four points A, B, C, and D. The three vertices of the triangle are points A, B, and D respectively, where point A is the vertex where the two loading rods 22 intersect, and the foot of the perpendicular of the vertical height of the triangle is point C.

[0056] S2, Installing the sensor: Set a measurement sensor at the axis center of the connecting seat 21, and use the measurement sensor to measure the mutual position relationship and angle between the points.

[0057] S3, Applying the load: Apply a vertical load F through the vertical force loading mechanism 11 V , and apply a horizontal load F through the horizontal force loading mechanism 12 H . After waiting for the system to stabilize, measure the included angles α and β when reaching the target load, and the axial forces F AL and F AR on the two loading rods 22 with the measurement sensor; α is the included angle of ∠BAC, and β is the included angle of ∠DAC.

[0058] S4, Calculating the vertical force and the horizontal shear force: Calculate the vertical force through the formula (F AL *cosα + F AR *cosβ), and calculate the horizontal shear force through the formula (F AL *sinα - F AR *sinβ).

[0059] S5, Numerical comparison and calibration: Apply the load F V and the load F H Compare with the vertical force and horizontal shear force measured by the calibration device 2 to obtain the difference therebetween, and calibrate and analyze the error of the large-tonnage force value measuring device of the compression-shear testing machine 1 according to the difference to ensure the accuracy of the measurement by the compression-shear testing machine 1.

[0060] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A calibration structure for a large-tonnage force measurement system of a compression shear testing machine, characterized by: The invention comprises a compression shear testing machine (1) and a calibration device (2), wherein the calibration device (2) is arranged in the compression shear testing machine (1); the compression shear testing machine (1) comprises a vertical force loading mechanism (11) and a horizontal force loading mechanism (12), and the calibration device (2) is located between the vertical force loading mechanism (11) and the horizontal force loading mechanism (12); The calibration device (2) comprises a connecting seat (21) and a loading rod (22), wherein the connecting seat (21) comprises an upper connecting seat and a lower connecting seat, wherein the upper connecting seat is arranged on a vertical force loading mechanism (11), and the lower connecting seat is arranged on a horizontal force loading mechanism (12), and the two ends of the loading rod (22) are movably connected to the upper connecting seat and the lower connecting seat respectively.

2. The calibration structure of a large-tonnage force measurement system for a compression shear testing machine according to claim 1 is characterized by: Two loading rods (22) are provided, and one end point of the two loading rods (22) intersects and is arranged in a triangle, wherein the loading rods (22) are the sides of the triangle.

3. The calibration structure of a large-tonnage force measurement system for a compression shear testing machine according to claim 2 is characterized by: The triangle formed by the loading rod (22) is an upright triangle or an inverted triangle.

4. The calibration structure of a large-tonnage force measurement system for a compression shear testing machine according to claim 2 is characterized by: The triangle formed by the loading rod (22) is a bilaterally symmetrical triangle or an asymmetrical triangle.

5. The calibration structure of a large-tonnage force measurement system for a compression shear testing machine according to claim 1 is characterized by: An axial force sensor is arranged in the middle of the loading rod (22), and a measuring sensor is arranged on the connecting seat (21), wherein the measuring sensor is a distance sensor or an angle sensor.

6. The calibration structure of a large-tonnage force measurement system for a compression shear testing machine according to claim 1 is characterized by: The connecting seat (21) is a ball joint seat.

7. The calibration structure of a large-tonnage force measurement system for a compression shear testing machine according to claim 1 is characterized by: The compression shear testing machine (1) is also provided with an external procurement system (3).

8. The calibration method of the calibration structure of the large-tonnage force value measurement system of the compression shear testing machine according to claim 1 is characterized by: The following steps are included: S1, connection system: installing a connection seat (21) on the vertical force loading mechanism (11) and the horizontal force loading mechanism (12), and then connecting the loading rod (22) to the connection seat (21) to form a triangular calibration device (2); The triangle formed by the calibration device (2) has four points ABCD, and the three vertices of the triangle are points ABD, wherein point A is the vertex where the two loading rods (22) intersect, and the foot of the vertical height of the triangle is point C; S2, installing sensors: installing a measuring sensor at the axis of the connecting seat (21), and using the measuring sensor to measure the relative position relationship and angle between the points; S3, Apply load: Apply vertical load F through vertical force loading mechanism (11) V , a horizontal load F is applied by the horizontal force loading mechanism (12) H After the system is stable, the angles α and β when the target load is reached, as well as the axial force F on the two loading rods (22) are measured by measuring sensors. AL and F AR ; α is the angle of ∠BAC, β is the angle of ∠DAC; S4, calculate vertical force and horizontal shear force: by formula (F AL *cosα+F AR *cosβ) to calculate the vertical force, using the formula (F AL *sinα-F AR *sinβ) calculates horizontal shear force; S5, numerical comparison and calibration: Set the load F V and load F H The vertical force and horizontal shear force measured by the calibration device (2) are compared to obtain the difference between them, and the large-tonnage force value measuring device of the compression shear test machine (1) is calibrated and error analysis is performed based on the difference.

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