Photoelectric-electro-optical device based on perovskite material and preparation and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a photoelectric-electro-optical device based on a perovskite material and a preparation and use method of the photoelectric-electro-optical device. The device comprises a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit and a charging and discharging control unit. The photovoltaic unit comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite power generation and light emitting module, an electron transport layer and a top electrode which are sequentially stacked in the direction of incident light. The perovskite power generation and light emitting module of the photovoltaic unit comprises one or more of a wide-band-gap perovskite material, a middle-band-gap perovskite material and a narrow-band-gap perovskite material; all perovskite power generation light-emitting modules of the device contain at least one wide-band-gap perovskite material, at least one medium-band-gap perovskite material and at least one narrow-band-gap perovskite material. The power supply end of the photovoltaic unit is electrically connected with the energy storage unit through a line, and the energy storage unit is electrically connected with the power inlet end of the photovoltaic unit through the charging and discharging unit. By adopting the above arrangement, the photoelectric-electro-optical device based on the perovskite material has the function of integrating photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solar cell power generation and light-emitting display, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic-electro-optic device based on perovskite materials and its preparation and use methods, wherein the photovoltaic-electro-optic device integrates photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display in one body. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, perovskite, as a new type of solar cell material, has suddenly become the focus of people's attention. It has advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, simple manufacturing process, wide spectral absorption range, and can maintain the photoelectric conversion rate even under low light conditions. The battery made of this material was rated as one of the top ten breakthroughs in 2013 by the journal Science. Perovskite materials are considered to be one of the most promising semiconductor optoelectronic materials at present, not only because of their photovoltaic power generation characteristics, but also because they can emit light when energized. Perovskite as a light-emitting material has characteristics such as high color purity, narrow half-width, and high brightness, and has broad application prospects in the field of light-emitting display.

[0003] However, in the existing technology, people usually study the photovoltaic power generation performance and light-emitting performance of perovskite materials separately, and rarely combine the two for research. Utilizing the same material to achieve both power generation and light-emitting functions simultaneously will have broad application prospects in the fields of photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic-electro-optic device based on perovskite materials and its preparation and use methods, which has the function of integrating photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display in one body.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A photovoltaic-electro-optic device based on perovskite materials, comprising a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit, and a plurality of charge and discharge control units;

[0007] There is at least one of the photovoltaic units, and the photovoltaic unit includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, an electron transport layer, and a top electrode stacked in sequence along the incident light direction. Among them, the positions of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer can be replaced;

[0008] The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the photovoltaic unit includes one or more of a wide-bandgap perovskite material, a medium-bandgap perovskite material, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material;

[0009] All perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the device contain at least one wide-bandgap perovskite material, a medium-bandgap perovskite material, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material. All perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the device are arranged facing each other in sequence in the order of wide-bandgap perovskite material, medium-bandgap perovskite material, and narrow-bandgap perovskite material along the incident light direction;

[0010] The power supply terminals of one or more of the photovoltaic units are electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a circuit. The energy storage unit is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the photovoltaic unit through a charge and discharge unit. The photovoltaic unit can charge the energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit can discharge to the photovoltaic unit to make the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module emit light.

[0011] Furthermore, the device is divided into a two-terminal stacked device, a four-terminal stacked device, and a six-terminal stacked device.

[0012] Furthermore, in the two-terminal stacked device, there is one photovoltaic unit. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material, a medium-bandgap perovskite material, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material stacked in sequence along the incident light direction;

[0013] In the four-terminal stacked device, there are two photovoltaic units facing each other in sequence. The two photovoltaic units are the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit in sequence along the incident light direction. The top electrode of the first photovoltaic unit is a transparent top electrode. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the first photovoltaic unit includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material and a medium-bandgap perovskite material stacked in sequence along the incident light direction. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the second photovoltaic unit includes a narrow-bandgap perovskite material;

[0014] In the six-terminal stacked device, there are three photovoltaic units facing each other in sequence. The three photovoltaic units are the first photovoltaic unit, the second photovoltaic unit, and the third photovoltaic unit in sequence along the incident light direction. The top electrodes of the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit are both transparent top electrodes. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the first photovoltaic unit includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the second photovoltaic unit includes a medium-bandgap perovskite material. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the third photovoltaic unit includes a narrow-bandgap perovskite material.

[0015] Furthermore, in the two-terminal stacked device, there is one charge and discharge control unit. The end of the photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a circuit. The energy storage unit is electrically connected to the front end of the photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction through the charge and discharge control unit and a circuit;

[0016] In the four-terminal stacked device, there are two charge and discharge control units, namely the first control unit and the second control unit. The end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a circuit. The energy storage unit is electrically connected to the front end of the first photovoltaic unit through the first control unit. The end of the first photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the second photovoltaic unit through a circuit. The connection point between the end of the first photovoltaic unit and the front end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through the second control unit;

[0017] In the six-terminal stacked device, there are three charge and discharge control units, namely the first control unit, the second control unit, and the third control unit. The end of the third photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit through a circuit. The energy storage unit is electrically connected to the front end of the first photovoltaic unit through the first control unit. The end of the first photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the second photovoltaic unit through a circuit. The connection point between the end of the first photovoltaic unit and the front end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through the second control unit. The end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a circuit. The end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the third photovoltaic unit through the third control unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the bandgap of the wide-bandgap perovskite material is ≥ 1.8 eV, the bandgap of the mid-bandgap perovskite material is in the range of 1.2 eV to 1.8 eV, and the bandgap of the narrow-bandgap perovskite material is ≤ 1.2 eV.

[0019] Furthermore, the wide-bandgap perovskite material is ABBrxI3-x, the mid-bandgap perovskite materials are ABIxBr3-x and ABClxBr3-x, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material is ABBrxCl3-x, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5, A is one or more of Cs, Ma, Fa, and B is one or more of Pb, Sn, Ge, Bi, In, Sb.

[0020] Furthermore, the transparent conductive layer is one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide; the electron transport layer materials are one or more of SnO2, TiO2, ZnS, PCBM, C60, ICBA; the hole transport layer materials are one or more of PEDOT:PSS, Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, NiOx, TPE, P3TH, CuSCN; the top electrode at the end along the incident light direction is Ag, Cu, or Au; the transparent top electrode is a transparent copper grid, a transparent silver grid, or a transparent electrode with a dielectric / metal structure.

[0021] Further, an interfacial modification layer is provided between the perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting module and the electron transport layer, and between the perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting module and the hole transport layer; in the perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting module, an intermediate transition layer is provided between adjacent wide-bandgap perovskite materials and between adjacent mid-bandgap perovskite materials and between adjacent narrow-bandgap perovskite materials.

[0022] A method for preparing a photoelectric-electro-optical device based on perovskite materials, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S10 Preparation of photovoltaic unit:

[0024] S11: Clean and dry the substrate, and perform ultraviolet ozone treatment or plasma treatment on the substrate;

[0025] S12: Sputter a transparent conductive layer on one side of the substrate by magnetron sputtering;

[0026] S13: Sequentially prepare an electron transport layer, a perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting module, and a hole transport layer on the transparent conductive layer by spin coating, blade coating, slot die coating, thermal evaporation, or magnetron sputtering, or sequentially prepare a hole transport layer, a perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting module, and an electron transport layer on the transparent conductive layer;

[0027] S14: Prepare a top electrode on the hole transport layer by thermal evaporation to prepare and form a photovoltaic unit;

[0028] S20 Connection of the charge-discharge structure of the photovoltaic unit:

[0029] S21: Connect the end of the prepared photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction to the energy storage unit through a circuit, and connect the energy storage unit to the front end of the prepared photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction through a charge-discharge control unit, so that the photovoltaic unit charges the energy storage unit, and when the energy storage unit discharges, the photovoltaic unit is powered on and emits light through the charge-discharge control unit.

[0030] A method for using a photoelectric-electro-optical device based on perovskite materials, comprising the following steps:

[0031] 1) Charging and using of the photoelectric-electro-optical device:

[0032] When sunlight or ambient light irradiates the substrate side of the device and is absorbed by the perovskite photovoltaic and light-emitting module, using the photovoltaic characteristics of the device, it is converted into electrical energy, and through the charge-discharge controller, the electrical energy is stored in the energy storage module to achieve the power generation function of the device;

[0033] 2) Luminescence use of the photoelectric-electro-optical device:

[0034] The electric energy stored in the energy storage module is delivered to the photovoltaic unit through a charge-discharge controller, and then transferred to the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, where electron-hole recombination occurs to generate light energy and make the device emit light. At the same time, according to the different bandgaps of perovskite materials, different-color light-emitting displays can be achieved.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The optoelectronic-electro-optic device based on perovskite materials of the present invention integrates photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display. The dual functions of power generation and light-emitting display are realized in the same device. The photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a charge-discharge control unit. Since all perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the device contain at least one wide-bandgap perovskite material, medium-bandgap perovskite material, and narrow-bandgap perovskite material, when incident light enters the photovoltaic unit, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module converts light energy into electrical energy relying on its own photovoltaic characteristics, and then transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage unit for charging through the electron transport layer or hole transport layer and the top electrode. When the energy storage unit discharges, when the current is transmitted to the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module through the hole transport layer or electron transport layer, electron-hole recombination can occur, so that the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module converts electrical energy into light energy to make the device emit light.

[0037] 2. For the optoelectronic-electro-optic device based on perovskite materials of the present invention, its power generation and light-emitting display are two opposite processes. Power generation is that under the condition of light illumination, perovskite materials generate carriers, causing electrons and holes to separate; while light-emitting display is that under the condition of power-on, electrons and holes recombine. These two opposite processes are beneficial to the repair of perovskite materials, thereby improving the lifespan of the device.

[0038] 3. The preparation method of the present invention mainly consists of two steps: the preparation of the photovoltaic unit and the connection of the charge-discharge structure of the photovoltaic unit. During the preparation process, the photovoltaic unit can be prepared according to the type of the device (such as two-terminal stacked device, four-terminal stacked device, six-terminal stacked device, normal structure, inverted structure), and then connected according to the corresponding type of circuit connection situation, which has the beneficial effect of high preparation efficiency.

[0039] 4. For the usage method of the device of the present invention, compared with the prior art where perovskite materials are used for single charging or light-emitting, the present invention relies on the designed optoelectronic-electro-optic device to achieve two usage methods: charging usage and light-emitting usage. The optoelectronic-electro-optic device integrating photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display based on perovskite materials realizes the dual functions of power generation and light-emitting display in the same device. Therefore, it will have a wide application prospect in the fields of photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display. Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1This is the formal structural schematic diagram of the two-terminal stacked device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is the inverted structural schematic diagram of the two-terminal stacked device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is the formal structural schematic diagram of the four-terminal stacked device of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is the formal structural schematic diagram of the six-terminal stacked device of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1. Substrate; 2. Transparent conductive layer; 3. Hole transport layer; 4. Wide-bandgap perovskite material; 5. Medium-bandgap perovskite material; 6. Narrow-bandgap perovskite material; 7. Electron transport layer; 8. Top electrode; 81. Transparent top electrode; 9. Charge and discharge control unit; 91. First control unit; 92. Second control unit; 93. Third control unit; 10. Energy storage unit. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Terms such as "upper", "inner", "middle", "left", "right", and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships shall also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantial changes in technical content.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] A photovoltaic-electro-optical device based on perovskite materials, as Figures 1 to 4 shown, includes a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit 10, and a plurality of charge and discharge control units 9 (the charge and discharge control unit 9 can be components such as solenoid valves, light-controlled valves, and mechanical switches that have the function of opening and closing circuits); there is at least one photovoltaic unit in this embodiment, and its quantity can be set according to the actual requirements of the device. The photovoltaic unit includes a substrate 1 (the substrate 1 is usually a transparent glass), a transparent conductive layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, an electron transport layer 7, and a top electrode 8 stacked in sequence along the incident light direction.

[0048] Among them, the positions of the hole transport layer 3 and the electron transport layer 7 can be interchanged. When the hole transport layer 3 and the electron transport layer 7 in the photovoltaic unit are arranged in sequence along the incident light direction, the device formed by this photovoltaic unit is a formal structure (as Figure 1 ), when the hole transport layer 3 and the electron transport layer 7 in the photovoltaic unit are arranged in the reverse direction along the incident light direction, the device formed by this photovoltaic unit is an inverted structure (as Figure 2)。The devices with the formal structure and the trans structure have the same function. Therefore, during the preparation and production process, the versatility of the installation of the hole transport layer 3 and / or the electron transport layer 7 can be improved, thus achieving the effect of improving production efficiency.

[0049] A perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of a photovoltaic unit includes one or more of a wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6; meanwhile, all the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of a device contain at least one wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6. All the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the device are arranged face-to-face in sequence in the order of the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 along the incident light direction;

[0050] The power supply terminals of one or more photovoltaic units are electrically connected to the energy storage unit 10 through wires. The energy storage unit 10 is electrically connected to the power input terminals of the photovoltaic units through a charge and discharge unit. The photovoltaic units can charge the energy storage unit 10, and the energy storage unit 10 can discharge to the photovoltaic units to make the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules emit light.

[0051] It can be seen from this that the optoelectronic - electro-optical device based on perovskite materials of the present invention integrates photovoltaic power generation and light-emitting display. The photovoltaic units are electrically connected to the energy storage unit 10 through the charge and discharge control unit 9. Since all the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the device contain at least one wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6, when incident light enters the photovoltaic units, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules rely on their own photovoltaic characteristics (this photovoltaic characteristic is that under the condition of light illumination, the perovskite material generates carriers, causing the separation of electrons and holes therein), and then convert light energy into electrical energy. Then, the electrical energy is transmitted to the energy storage unit 10 for charging through the electron transport layer 7 or the hole transport layer 3 and the top electrode 8. When the energy storage unit 10 discharges, when the current is transmitted to the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules through the hole transport layer 3 or the electron transport layer 7, the recombination of electrons and holes can be realized, so that the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules convert electrical energy into light energy to make the device emit light.

[0052] Among them, since the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules are arranged in sequence in the order of the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 along the incident light direction, the incident light will enter the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 in sequence. And the smaller the bandgap width of the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, the smaller the intensity of the incident light required for its photovoltaic characteristics. Therefore, the stronger the photovoltaic characteristic ability of the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module with a smaller bandgap width, which improves the photovoltaic characteristic ability of the overall device.

[0053] In this embodiment, since the number of photovoltaic units in the device of the present invention is at least one, the device can be divided into a two-terminal stacked device, a four-terminal stacked device, and a six-terminal stacked device according to the number of photovoltaic units. The structures of the two-terminal stacked device, the four-terminal stacked device, and the six-terminal stacked device are further disclosed separately below.

[0054] 1) As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 Regarding the structure of the two-terminal stacked device: In the two-terminal stacked device, there is one photovoltaic unit. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 stacked in sequence along the incident light direction. At the same time, there is one charge and discharge control unit 9. The end of the photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction (i.e., the top electrode 8, hereinafter simply referred to as the end after this end along the incident light direction) is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit 10 through a circuit. The energy storage unit 10 is electrically connected to the front end of the photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction (i.e., the substrate 1, hereinafter simply referred to as the front end after this front end along the incident light direction) through the charge and discharge control unit 9 and a circuit.

[0055] Therefore, it is known that the energy storage unit 10 forms a circuit with the photovoltaic unit. When the two-terminal stacked device is charging, incident light sequentially enters the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 from the substrate layer, so that the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module converts light energy into electrical energy by virtue of its photovoltaic characteristics, and then transmits the electrical energy to the energy storage unit 10 through the electron transport layer 7 and the top electrode 8 for charging and storage. When the two-terminal stacked device is emitting light, the energy storage unit 10 discharges, the charge and discharge control unit 9 closes, and the current enters the photovoltaic unit from the substrate layer and the transparent conductive layer 2. The current further sequentially passes through the hole transport layer 3, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, and the electron transport layer 7, or sequentially passes through the electron transport layer 7, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, and the hole transport layer 3. Thus, the recombination of electrons and holes is realized. During this process, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module generates light energy and emits light through electrical energy.

[0056] 2) As shown in Figure 3 Regarding the structure of the four-terminal stacked device: In the four-terminal stacked device, there are two photovoltaic units facing each other in sequence. The two photovoltaic units are the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit in sequence along the incident light direction. The top electrode 8 of the first photovoltaic unit is a transparent top electrode 81. At the same time, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the first photovoltaic unit includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material 4 and a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5 stacked in sequence along the incident light direction. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the second photovoltaic unit includes a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6.

[0057] Among them, there are two charge and discharge control units 9, namely the first control unit 91 and the second control unit 92. The end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit 10 through a circuit. The energy storage unit 10 is electrically connected to the front end of the first photovoltaic unit through the charge and discharge control unit 9. The end of the first photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the second photovoltaic unit through a circuit. The connection point between the end of the first photovoltaic unit and the front end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit 10 through the second control unit 92.

[0058] Based on this, when the four-terminal stacked device is charging, since the top electrode 8 of the first photovoltaic unit is the transparent top electrode 81, after the incident light enters the first photovoltaic unit, it can pass through the first photovoltaic unit and enter the second photovoltaic unit. As a result, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of both the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit generate electrical energy relying on photovoltaic characteristics, and in the state where both the first control unit 91 and the second control unit 92 are closed, the generated electrical energy is simultaneously transmitted to the energy storage unit 10 for charging.

[0059] Meanwhile, when the four-terminal stacked device is emitting light, when both the first control unit 91 and the second control unit 92 are closed, due to the problem of short-circuit of the circuit, the current only enters the first photovoltaic unit, so that the first photovoltaic unit emits light; when the first control unit 91 is closed and the second control unit 92 is disconnected, the current enters the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit in sequence, so that the electrons and holes of the two photovoltaic units are recombined, and the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the two photovoltaic units generate light energy and emit light through electrical energy.

[0060] 3) As Figure 4 shown, regarding the structure of the six-terminal stacked device: In the six-terminal stacked device, there are three photovoltaic units facing each other in sequence. The three photovoltaic units are the first photovoltaic unit, the second photovoltaic unit, and the third photovoltaic unit in sequence along the direction of the incident light. The top electrodes 8 of the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit are both transparent top electrodes 81. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the first photovoltaic unit includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material 4. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the second photovoltaic unit includes a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the third photovoltaic unit includes a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6.

[0061] Among them, there are three charge and discharge control units 9, namely the first control unit 91, the second control unit 92, and the third control unit 93. The end of the third photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit 10 through a circuit. The energy storage unit 10 is electrically connected to the front end of the first photovoltaic unit through the first control unit 91. The end of the first photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the second photovoltaic unit through a circuit. The connection point between the end of the first photovoltaic unit and the front end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit 10 through the second control unit 92. The end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit 10 through a circuit. The end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the third photovoltaic unit through the third control unit 93.

[0062] Based on this, when the six-terminal stacked device is charging, since the top electrodes 8 of the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit are both transparent top electrodes 81, the incident light can enter the first photovoltaic unit and then pass through the first photovoltaic unit and enter the second photovoltaic unit, and then pass through the second photovoltaic unit and enter the third photovoltaic unit. Thus, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the first photovoltaic unit, the second photovoltaic unit, and the third photovoltaic unit all generate electrical energy relying on the photovoltaic characteristics. And in the state where the first control unit 91, the second control unit 92, and the third control unit 93 are all closed, the generated electrical energy is simultaneously transmitted to the energy storage unit 10 for charging.

[0063] At the same time, when the six-terminal stacked device is emitting light, when the first control unit 91, the second control unit 92, and the third control unit 93 are all closed, due to the short-circuit problem of the circuit, the current only enters the first photovoltaic unit, so that the first photovoltaic unit emits light; when the first control unit 91 is closed and the second control unit 92 and the third control unit 93 are both disconnected, the current enters the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit in sequence, so that the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit emit light; when the first control unit 91 and the third control unit 93 are both closed and the second control unit 92 is disconnected, the current enters the first photovoltaic unit, the second photovoltaic unit, and the third photovoltaic unit in sequence, so that the electrons and holes of the three photovoltaic units are recombined, and the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules of the three photovoltaic units generate light energy and emit light through electrical energy.

[0064] In this embodiment, the bandgap of the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4 is ≥1.8 eV (eV is the unit: electron volt), the bandgap of the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5 is in the range of 1.2 eV to 1.8 eV, and the bandgap of the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 is ≤1.2 eV. It can be seen from this that the bandgaps of the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 decrease in sequence. Since the photovoltaic characteristic ability of the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module is inversely proportional to the bandgap, the smaller the bandgap of the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, the smaller the incident light intensity required to generate photovoltaic characteristics and convert light energy into electrical energy. Therefore, the photovoltaic characteristic ability of this perovskite power generation and light-emitting module is stronger. Therefore, by arranging the perovskite power generation and light-emitting modules in the order of the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 along the incident light intensity, it is possible to enable the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module that receives the incident light later to also better convert light energy into electrical energy, thereby improving the optoelectronic conversion ability of the device.

[0065] In this embodiment, the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4 is ABBrxI3-x, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5 is ABIxBr3-x and ABClxBr3-x, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 is ABBrxCl3-x, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5, A is one or more of Cs, Ma, Fa, and B is one or more of Pb, Sn, Ge, Bi, In, Sb. Thus, by defining the materials of the wide-bandgap perovskite material 4, the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6, it is convenient for actual production and preparation.

[0066] In this embodiment, the transparent conductive layer 2 is one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide; the material of the electron transport layer 7 is one or more of SnO2, TiO2, ZnS, PCBM, C60, ICBA; the material of the hole transport layer 3 is one or more of PEDOT:PSS, Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, NiOx, TPE, P3TH, CuSCN; the top electrode 8 at the end along the incident light direction is Ag, Cu, or Au; the transparent top electrode 81 is a transparent copper grid, a transparent silver grid, or a transparent electrode with a dielectric / metal structure.

[0067] In this embodiment, an interface modification layer is provided between the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module and the electron transport layer 7, and between the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module and the hole transport layer 3. By providing the interface modification layer, the light-emitting beauty of the device can be improved; in the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, an intermediate transition layer is provided between the adjacent wide-bandgap perovskite material 4 and the medium-bandgap perovskite material 5, and between the adjacent medium-bandgap perovskite material 5 and the narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] A preparation method of a photovoltaic-electro-optical device based on a perovskite material as in Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S10 Preparation of the photovoltaic unit:

[0071] S11: Clean and dry the substrate 1 of the transparent glass, and perform ultraviolet ozone treatment or plasma treatment on the substrate 1;

[0072] S12: Sputter a transparent conductive layer 2 (FTO can be selected) on one side of the substrate 1 by magnetron sputtering;

[0073] S13: Sequentially prepare an electron transport layer 7 (SnO2 can be selected), a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, and a hole transport layer 3 (Spiro-OMeTAD can be selected) on the transparent conductive layer 2 by spin coating, blade coating, slot die coating, thermal evaporation or magnetron sputtering, or sequentially prepare a hole transport layer 3 (Spiro-OMeTAD can be selected), a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, and an electron transport layer 7 (SnO2 can be selected) on the transparent conductive layer 2;

[0074] S14: Prepare a top electrode 8 (Au can be selected) on the hole transport layer 3 by thermal evaporation to prepare and form a photovoltaic unit;

[0075] Wherein, when the prepared device is a two-terminal stacked device, in step S13, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module is prepared by the following method: sequentially prepare a wide-bandgap perovskite material 4 (FAPbCl2.8Br0.2 can be selected), a medium-bandgap perovskite material 5 (FAPbBr2.8I0.2 can be selected), and a narrow-bandgap perovskite material 6 (Spiro-OMeTAD can be selected) on the electron transport layer 7 by spin coating;

[0076] S20 Connection of the charge-discharge structure of the photovoltaic unit:

[0077] S21: Connect the end of the prepared photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction to the energy storage unit 10 through a circuit, and connect the energy storage unit 10 to the front end of the prepared photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction through a charge-discharge control unit 9, so that the photovoltaic unit charges the energy storage unit 10, and when the energy storage unit 10 discharges, the photovoltaic unit is powered on and emits light through the charge-discharge control unit 9.

[0078] In summary, the preparation method of the present invention mainly consists of two steps: the preparation of the photovoltaic unit and the connection of the charge-discharge structure of the photovoltaic unit. During the preparation process, the photovoltaic unit can be prepared according to the type of the device (such as two-terminal stacked device, four-terminal stacked device, six-terminal stacked device, normal structure, inverted structure), and then connected according to the corresponding type of circuit connection situation, having the beneficial effect of high preparation efficiency.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] A method for using a optoelectronic - electro - optic device based on perovskite material as in Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0081] 1) Charging and using of the optoelectronic - electro - optic device:

[0082] When sunlight or ambient light irradiates one side of the substrate 1 of the device and is absorbed by the perovskite power - generating and light - emitting module, using the photovoltaic characteristics of the device (the photovoltaic characteristics are that under the condition of light irradiation, the perovskite material generates carriers, enabling the separation of electrons and holes therein), the light energy is converted into electrical energy. Through the charge - discharge controller, the electrical energy is stored in the energy storage module to achieve the power - generation function of the device;

[0083] 2) Light - emitting and using of the optoelectronic - electro - optic device:

[0084] The electrical energy stored in the energy storage module, through the charge - discharge controller, delivers the electrical energy to the photovoltaic unit and transfers it to the perovskite power - generating and light - emitting module, and realizes the recombination of electrons and holes in the perovskite power - generating and light - emitting module to generate light energy and make the device emit light; meanwhile, according to the different bandgaps of the perovskite material, light emission displays of different colors can be realized.

[0085] In summary, compared with the prior - art method of using perovskite materials for single charging or light - emitting use, the method for using the device of the present invention can realize two usage methods of charging use and light - emitting use by relying on the designed optoelectronic - electro - optic device, enabling the optoelectronic - electro - optic device integrating photovoltaic power generation and light - emitting display based on perovskite material to achieve the dual functions of power generation and light - emitting display in the same device. Therefore, it will have broad application prospects in the fields of photovoltaic power generation and light - emitting display.

[0086] The implementation mode of the present invention is not limited thereto. According to the above content of the present invention, using the ordinary technical knowledge and conventional means in the art, without departing from the above basic technical idea of the present invention, the present invention can also make various other forms of modifications, substitutions or combinations, all of which fall within the scope of the protection of the present invention's rights.

Claims

1. A photoelectric-electro-optical device based on perovskite material, characterized in that: It includes a photovoltaic unit, an energy storage unit and several charging and discharging control units; At least one photovoltaic unit, the photovoltaic unit comprising a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, an electron transport layer and a top electrode stacked in sequence along the incident light direction, wherein the positions of the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer are replaceable; The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the photovoltaic unit includes one or more of a wide bandgap perovskite material, a medium bandgap perovskite material, and a narrow bandgap perovskite material; All the perovskite power generation and light emitting modules of the device contain at least one wide bandgap perovskite material, a medium bandgap perovskite material and a narrow bandgap perovskite material, and all the perovskite power generation and light emitting modules of the device are arranged in sequence along the incident light direction in the order of the wide bandgap perovskite material, the medium bandgap perovskite material and the narrow bandgap perovskite material; One or more of the photovoltaic units are electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a charge and discharge control unit. The photovoltaic unit can charge the energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit can discharge the photovoltaic unit to make the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module emit light.

2. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The device is divided into a two-terminal stacked device, a four-terminal stacked device and a six-terminal stacked device.

3. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the two-end stacked device, the photovoltaic unit is one, and the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module comprises a wide bandgap perovskite material, a medium bandgap perovskite material and a narrow bandgap perovskite material stacked in sequence along the direction of incident light; In the four-terminal stacked device, the photovoltaic units are two sequentially facing each other, the two photovoltaic units are sequentially a first photovoltaic unit and a second photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction, the top electrode of the first photovoltaic unit is a transparent top electrode, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the first photovoltaic unit comprises a wide bandgap perovskite material and a medium bandgap perovskite material sequentially stacked along the incident light direction, and the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the second photovoltaic unit comprises a narrow bandgap perovskite material; In the six-terminal stacked device, the photovoltaic units are three that are opposite to each other in sequence, and the three photovoltaic units are the first photovoltaic unit, the second photovoltaic unit and the third photovoltaic unit in sequence along the direction of incident light. The top electrodes of the first photovoltaic unit and the second photovoltaic unit are both transparent top electrodes. The perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the first photovoltaic unit includes a wide-bandgap perovskite material, the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the second photovoltaic unit includes a medium-bandgap perovskite material, and the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module of the third photovoltaic unit includes a narrow-bandgap perovskite material.

4. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In the two-terminal stacked device, there is one charge and discharge control unit, the end of the photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a line, and the energy storage unit is electrically connected to the front end of the photovoltaic unit along the incident light direction through the charge and discharge control unit and the line; In the four-terminal stacked device, there are two charge and discharge control units, namely a first control unit and a second control unit, the end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a line, the energy storage unit is electrically connected to the front end of the first photovoltaic unit through the first control unit, the end of the first photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the second photovoltaic unit through a line, and the connection point between the end of the first photovoltaic unit and the front end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through the second control unit; In the six-terminal stacked device, there are three charging and discharging control units, namely a first control unit, a second control unit and a third control unit. The end of the third photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the charging end of the energy storage unit through a line, the energy storage unit is electrically connected to the front end of the first photovoltaic unit through the first control unit, the end of the first photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the second photovoltaic unit through a line, the connection point between the end of the first photovoltaic unit and the front end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through the second control unit, the end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the energy storage unit through a line, and the end of the second photovoltaic unit is electrically connected to the front end of the third photovoltaic unit through the third control unit.

5. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The bandgap width of the wide bandgap perovskite material is ≥1.8 eV, the bandgap width of the medium bandgap perovskite material is in the range of 1.2 eV to 1.8 eV, and the bandgap width of the narrow bandgap perovskite material is ≤1.2 eV.

6. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The wide band gap perovskite material is ABBrxI3-x, the medium band gap perovskite material is ABIxBr3-x and ABClxBr3-x, and the narrow band gap perovskite material is ABBrxCl3-x, wherein 0≤x≤1.5, A is one or more of Cs, Ma, Fa, and B is one or more of Pb, Sn, Ge, Bi, In, Sb.

7. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The transparent conductive layer is one or more of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide; the electron transport layer material is one or more of SnO2, TiO2, ZnS, PCBM, C60, and ICBA; the hole transport layer material is one or more of PEDOT:PSS, Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, NiOx, TPE, P3TH, and CuSCN; the top electrode at the end along the direction of the incident light is Ag, Cu, or Au; the transparent top electrode is a transparent copper grid, a transparent silver grid, or a transparent electrode of a dielectric / metal structure.

8. The optoelectronic-electrooptical device based on perovskite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An interface modification layer is provided between the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module and the electron transport layer, and between the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module and the hole transport layer; in the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, an intermediate transition layer is provided between adjacent wide band gap perovskite materials and medium band gap perovskite materials, and between adjacent medium band gap perovskite materials and narrow band gap perovskite materials.

9. A method for preparing a photoelectric-electro-optical device based on a perovskite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of S10 photovoltaic cells: S11: cleaning and drying the substrate, and performing ultraviolet ozone treatment or plasma treatment on the substrate; S12: sputtering a transparent conductive layer on one side of the substrate by using a magnetron sputtering method; S13: sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, and a hole transport layer on the transparent conductive layer by spin coating, blade coating, slit coating, thermal evaporation, or magnetron sputtering, or sequentially preparing a hole transport layer, a perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, and an electron transport layer on the transparent conductive layer; S14: preparing a top electrode on the hole transport layer by a thermal evaporation method to form a photovoltaic unit; Connection of the charging and discharging structure of the S20 photovoltaic unit: S21: Connecting the end of the prepared photovoltaic unit along the direction of incident light to the energy storage unit through a line, and connecting the energy storage unit to the front end of the prepared photovoltaic unit along the direction of incident light through a charge and discharge control unit, so that the photovoltaic unit charges the energy storage unit, and when the energy storage unit is discharged, the photovoltaic unit is powered on and emits light through the charge and discharge control unit.

10. A method for using a photoelectric-electrooptical device based on a perovskite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Charging and use of optoelectronic and electro-optical devices: When sunlight or ambient light shines on the substrate side of the device, it is absorbed by the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module and converted into electrical energy using the photovoltaic characteristics of the device. The electrical energy is stored in the energy storage module through the charge and discharge controller, thus realizing the power generation function of the device. 2) Luminous use of optoelectronic-electrooptical devices: The electrical energy stored in the energy storage module is transmitted to the photovoltaic unit through the charge and discharge controller, and then transferred to the perovskite power generation and light-emitting module, realizing the recombination of electrons and holes to generate light energy and make the device emit light; at the same time, different colors of light-emitting display can be achieved according to the different band gaps of the perovskite material.

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