Planting method for increasing yield of sweet potatoes

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The technical problem to be solved is how to effectively control the vigorous growth of the overground part of the sweet potato and improve the yield of the sweet potato. The planting method for increasing the yield of the sweet potatoes comprises the steps that leaf fertilizer is sprayed for the first time when the plant height of the sweet potatoes is 28-32 cm, and then leaf fertilizer is sprayed for the first time every 20 days. By using the foliar fertilizer, vigorous growth of the overground part of the sweet potato can be effectively controlled, the growth structure of the sweet potato is optimized, absorption and utilization of nutrients are promoted, the yield of the sweet potato is increased, and the quality of potato blocks is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method for improving the yield of sweet potatoes. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the diversified development of the sweet potato industry, the demand for sweet potatoes has been increasing year by year. The phenomenon of continuous planting of sweet potatoes for many years has become more serious, resulting in a decrease in yield, a reduction in quality, frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and a decline in soil fertility and activity, seriously affecting the economic benefits of sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes are one of the important crops, with well-developed roots, strong absorption ability, and strong growth potential of the above-ground parts. If the nitrogen fertilizer level is on the high side, the density is large, the light is insufficient, or the rain is abundant, the above-ground stems and leaves are prone to excessive growth. The excessive growth of stems and leaves will consume a large amount of nutrients and seriously affect the swelling of tuberous roots. It will be of great significance to improve the yield and quality of sweet potatoes. Therefore, in order to improve the yield and quality of sweet potatoes, measures need to be taken to control the excessive growth of the above-ground parts. How to effectively control the excessive growth of the above-ground parts of sweet potatoes and improve the yield of sweet potatoes is an urgent problem to be solved in current sweet potato planting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a planting method for improving the yield of sweet potatoes. By spraying Dasuili Man Duo on the leaf surface and applying water-soluble fertilizer to the roots, the excessive growth of the above-ground parts of sweet potatoes can be effectively controlled, the efficiency of photosynthetic products transported to the underground can be improved, and the content of dry matter in tuberous roots can be increased.

[0004] The present invention provides a planting method for improving the yield of sweet potatoes, which includes spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time when the plant height of sweet potatoes is 28 - 32 cm, and then spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time after an interval of 20 days. The purpose of spraying foliar fertilizer twice is to avoid excessive growth of the above-ground parts.

[0005] In the above method, the main effective component of the foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the foliar fertilizer can specifically be Dasuili Man Duo. Dasuili Man Duo is a product of Microbase Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., with the record number DLSRGD2021 - 00363. The main effective component is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass percentage content (calculated based on P205 and K2O) ≧ 50%.

[0006] In the above method, for the first spraying of foliar fertilizer, the application rate is 80 g / mu, and it is diluted with water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves.

[0007] In the above method, for the second spraying of foliar fertilizer, the application rate is 160 g / mu, and it is diluted with water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves.

[0008] In the above method, the method also includes applying water-soluble fertilizer once when the sweet potatoes are planted for 30 days, flushing it with water, applying it once again after an interval of 10 - 15 days, and applying it continuously for 5 times; the water-soluble fertilizer is a compound microbial fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer containing large amounts of elements that are soluble in water.

[0009] In the above method, the main active components of the compound microbial fertilizer are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The compound microbial fertilizer can specifically be the product of Microbase Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., with the registration number of microbial fertilizer (2017) Zhunzi (2089) Hao. Its main active components are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, organic matter, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Among them, the effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is ≥ 0.2 billion / g, the organic matter is ≥ 20% (mass percentage), and the mass percentages of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5) and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) are 8.0% (i.e., N + P2O5 + K2O = 8.0%).

[0010] In the above method, the application rate of the compound microbial fertilizer is 2 - 5 kg / mu, and the preferred application rate is 5 kg / mu.

[0011] In the above method, the main active components of the water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) is 20:20:20. The specific water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients can be the product of Microbase Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., with the filing number DLSRGD2021 - 00365. The main active components are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) is 20:20:20. The mass percentage of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphorus fertilizer (calculated as P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) in the water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients is more than 50% (i.e., N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 50%).

[0012] In the above method, the application rate of the water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients is 5 kg / mu.

[0013] A planting method for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes according to the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] 1) Land preparation: Raise the planting ridges according to the standards of a ridge spacing of 60 - 70 cm, a ridge height of 20 - 35 cm, and a bottom width of the ridge of 25 - 35 cm;

[0015] 2) Plant sweet potato seedlings on the planting ridges. The planting depth is 5 cm, and 4000 - 5000 plants are planted per mu. Apply the water-soluble fertilizer once 30 days after planting, and apply it by flushing with water. Apply it once again after an interval of 10 - 15 days, and apply it continuously for 5 times; the water-soluble fertilizer is obtained by dissolving the compound microbial fertilizer and the water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients in water; the application rate of the compound microbial fertilizer is 2 - 5 kg / mu; the application rate of the water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients is 5 kg / mu;

[0016] 3) When the sweet potato plant height reaches 25 - 35 cm, spray foliar fertilizer for the first time. The foliar fertilizer used is "Dasuili Man Duo", with an application rate of 80 g / mu, diluted with 30 L of water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves; spray foliar fertilizer for the second time after an interval of 20 days, with an application rate of 160 g / mu, diluted with 30 L of water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves.

[0017] 4) Harvest at the right time.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1) The organic combination of compound microbial fertilizer and macronutrient balanced fertilizer can improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the roots of sweet potatoes, thereby achieving the improvement of sweet potato quality and yield. In addition, it is beneficial to sterilize and prevent diseases, enhance the stress resistance of sweet potatoes, and reduce the pollution of the soil environment. At the same time, it replaces the application of traditional base fertilizers and has a lower cost.

[0020] 2) The application of "Dasuili Man Duo" can effectively control the excessive growth of the above-ground part of sweet potatoes, optimize the growth structure of sweet potatoes, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, increase the yield of sweet potatoes, and improve the quality of sweet potato tubers.

[0021] 3) The planting method for improving the yield of sweet potatoes described in the present invention is simple to operate and has a low cost, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The provided embodiments are only for clarifying the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention. The following provided embodiments can be used as a guide for those of ordinary skill in the art to make further improvements and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention in any way.

[0023] The experimental methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0024] The sweet potato variety "Tengfei" in the following embodiments is a product of Hebei Zhongshu Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.

[0025] The compound microbial fertilizer in the following embodiments is a product of Microbase Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., with the registration certificate number of microbial fertilizer (2017) Zhunzi (2089) number. The main active ingredients are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, organic matter, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ≥ 0.2 × 10^8 / g, the organic matter ≥ 20% (mass percentage), and the mass percentages of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphate fertilizer (calculated as P2O5) and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) are 8.0% (i.e., N + P2O5 + K2O = 8.0%).

[0026] A large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer in the following examples is a product of Microbase Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., with the record number DLSRGD2021-00365. The main effective components are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphate fertilizer (calculated as P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) is 20:20:20. The mass percentage content of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as N), phosphate fertilizer (calculated as P2O5), and potassium fertilizer (calculated as K2O) in the large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer is more than 50% (i.e., N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 50%).

[0027] Dasuili Man Duo in the following examples is a product of Microbase Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., with the record number DLSRGD2021-00363. The main effective component is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass percentage content (calculated as P2O5 and K2O) ≥ 50%.

[0028] Example 1 A method for controlling the growth and increasing the yield of sweet potatoes

[0029] Sweet potato variety: Tengfei;

[0030] Experiment time: 2024.

[0031] The specific method is as follows:

[0032] 1) Select land with medium fertility, prepare the land at the beginning of April, plow to a depth of 40 cm. After breaking up the soil and leveling the ground, set up planting ridges. The spacing between the planting ridges is 60 cm, the ridge height is 35 cm, and the bottom width is 35 cm.

[0033] 2) Plant sweet potato seedlings on the planting ridges, with a planting depth of 5 cm, 4000 plants per mu. Check the survival situation within 7 days after planting, and replant dead seedlings in time. There are 3 replicates, and the planting area of each replicate is 74 m 2 .

[0034] Apply water-soluble fertilizer once 30 days after planting. The water-soluble fertilizer is a compound microbial fertilizer and a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer dissolved in water.

[0035] In this example, the application rate of the compound microbial fertilizer is 5 kg / mu, and the application rate of the large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer is 5 kg / mu. It is applied by flushing with water, and applied again after an interval of 10 - 15 days, for a total of 5 consecutive applications.

[0036] 3) Control the growth. When the sweet potato plants reach 28 - 32 cm, spray foliar fertilizer. The foliar fertilizer used is Dasuili Man Duo. The application rate of Dasuili Man Duo is 80 g / mu, diluted with 30 L of water, and evenly sprayed on the sweet potato leaves. Spray again after an interval of 20 days after the first application. The application rate of Dasuili Man Duo for the second time is 160 g / mu, diluted with 30 L of water, and evenly sprayed on the sweet potato leaves.

[0037] 4) Harvest at the right time.

[0038] Example 2: A Method for Controlling Vine Growth and Increasing Yield of Sweet Potatoes

[0039] Sweet potato variety: Tengfei

[0040] Experiment time: 2024

[0041] The specific method is as follows:

[0042] 1) Select land with medium fertility, prepare the land at the beginning of April, plow to a depth of 40 cm, break up the soil and level the ground, then form planting ridges. The spacing between the planting ridges is 60 cm, the ridge height is 35 cm, and the bottom width is 35 cm.

[0043] 2) Plant sweet potato seedlings on the planting ridges, with a planting depth of 5 cm, 4000 plants per mu. Check the survival situation within 7 days after planting, and replant in time if dead seedlings are found. There are 3 replicates, and the planting area for each replicate is 74 m 2 .

[0044] Apply water-soluble fertilizer once 30 days after planting. The water-soluble fertilizer is a compound microbial fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements dissolved in water.

[0045] In this example, the application rate of the compound microbial fertilizer is 2 kg / mu, and the application rate of the water-soluble fertilizer containing macro-elements is 5 kg / mu. It is applied by flushing with water, and then applied again after an interval of 10 - 15 days, for a total of 5 consecutive applications.

[0046] 3) Control vine growth. When the plant height of the sweet potato reaches 28 - 32 cm, spray foliar fertilizer. The foliar fertilizer used is Dasuili Man Duo. The application rate of Dasuili Man Duo is 80 g / mu, diluted with 30 L of water, and evenly sprayed on the sweet potato leaves. Spray again after an interval of 20 days after the first application. The application rate of Dasuili Man Duo for the second time is 160 g / mu, diluted with 30 L of water, and evenly sprayed on the sweet potato leaves.

[0047] 4) Harvest at the right time.

[0048] Control Group: A Method for Controlling Vine Growth and Increasing Yield of Sweet Potatoes

[0049] Sweet potato variety: Tengfei

[0050] Experiment time: 2024

[0051] The specific method is as follows:

[0052] 1) Select land with medium fertility, prepare the land at the beginning of April, plow to a depth of 40 cm, break up the soil and level the ground, then form planting ridges. The spacing between the planting ridges is 60 cm, the ridge height is 35 cm, and the bottom width is 35 cm.

[0053] 2) Plant sweet potato seedlings on the planting ridges at a depth of 5 cm, with 4000 plants per mu. Check the survival rate within 7 days after planting, and replant dead seedlings in a timely manner. There are 3 replicates, and the planting area for each replicate is 74 m 2 .

[0054] Apply conventional fertilizers at a rate of 72.45 kg / hm of nitrogen fertilizer 2 , 66 kg / hm of phosphate fertilizer 2 and 156 kg / hm of potassium fertilizer 2 .

[0055] 3) When the sweet potato plants reach about 50 cm and 80 cm, spray 5% uniconazole wettable powder (product of Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., PD20100986) twice, 40 g per mu each time, and dilute with 30 L of water. Spray evenly on the sweet potato leaves

[0056] 4) Harvest at the right time

[0057] Harvest the sweet potatoes in Example 1, Example 2 and the control group, and count the sweet potato yield, number of tubers per plant, weight of tubers per plant, vine length, and total growth of the main stem length. The results are shown in Table 1

[0058] Table 1 shows the results of the sweet potato planting experiment

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Result analysis: From the experimental results, it can be seen that the total growth of the main stem length in Example 1 is the highest, reaching 134.33 cm. Combining with the yield analysis, it further shows that when the plant height of sweet potato reaches 28 - 32 cm, spraying 80 g of Dasuili Man Duo diluted with 30 L of water, and spraying 160 g of Dasuili Man Duo diluted with 30 L of water again after 20 days can effectively promote the growth of sweet potato. Using the method provided by the present invention to plant sweet potatoes, the yield per mu of sweet potatoes is significantly higher than that of the control group. When the planting density reaches 4000 plants per mu, the yield per mu in Example 1 is significantly higher than that in Example 2, reaching 8800 kg. The control of sweet potato vine growth should not blindly pursue dwarfing. It is not that the shorter the plant is controlled, the better. Excessive dwarfing will affect the photosynthesis efficiency of sweet potato leaves, reduce the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and then affect the swelling of tuberous roots, resulting in a decrease in the yield of sweet potatoes. Therefore, the degree of sweet potato vine growth control needs to be determined comprehensively in combination with the yield. As can be seen from Table 1, Example 1 can control the excessive growth of sweet potatoes to the greatest extent while greatly increasing the yield of sweet potatoes

[0062] From the above, it can be seen that the present invention can improve the weight of tubers per plant of sweet potatoes and increase the total growth of the main stem length of sweet potatoes by reasonably topdressing and spraying Dasuili Man Duo on the leaf surface, thereby greatly increasing the yield of sweet potatoes

[0063] The above has described the present invention in detail. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the gist and scope of the present invention and without the need for unnecessary experiments, the present invention can be implemented within a relatively wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions. Although specific embodiments of the present invention are given, it should be understood that the present invention can be further improved. In short, in accordance with the principle of the present invention, this application intends to cover any variations, uses, or improvements to the present invention, including those that depart from the scope disclosed in this application but are made using conventional techniques known in the art. Some applications of the basic features can be made within the scope of the appended claims below.

Claims

1. A planting method for increasing sweet potato yield, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time when the sweet potato plant height is 28-32 cm, and then spraying foliar fertilizer for the first time after an interval of 20 days; the main effective component of the foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying of foliar fertilizer has an application amount of 80g / mu, which is diluted with water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second foliar fertilizer spraying has an application amount of 160 g / mu and is sprayed on the sweet potato leaves with water.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method also includes the steps of applying water-soluble fertilizer once 30 days after the sweet potato is planted, applying it with water flushing, applying it again after an interval of 10-15 days, and applying it continuously for 5 times; the water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble composite microbial fertilizer and a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main effective components of the composite microbial fertilizer are Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, organic matter, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the application amount is 2-5 kg / mu.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application amount of the compound microbial fertilizer is 5kg / mu.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main effective components of the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer are nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the application amount is 5kg / mu.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps include: 1) Land preparation: Planting ridges according to the standard of ridge spacing of 60-70cm, ridge height of 20-35cm, and ridge bottom width of 25-35cm; 2) Planting sweet potato seedlings on the planting ridges at a planting depth of 5 cm, planting 4,000 to 5,000 plants per mu, applying water-soluble fertilizer once 30 days after planting, applying it with water flushing, applying it again after an interval of 10 to 15 days, and applying it continuously for 5 times; the water-soluble fertilizer is obtained by dissolving a compound microbial fertilizer and a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer in water; the application amount of the compound microbial fertilizer is 2 to 5 kg / mu; the application amount of the large amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 5 kg / mu; 3) When the height of the sweet potato plant reaches 25-35cm, spray foliar fertilizer for the first time. The foliar fertilizer used is Da Sui Li Man Duo, with an application amount of 80g / mu, diluted with 30L of water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves; spray foliar fertilizer for the second time after an interval of 20d, with an application amount of 160g / mu, diluted with 30L of water and sprayed on the sweet potato leaves; 4) Harvest at the right time.

Images