Mulberry-based rice and fish symbiotic planting and breeding system

Abstract

The invention discloses a mulberry-based fish-puddle rice-fish symbiotic planting and breeding system. The system comprises a water-saving irrigation system and a rice field. The water-saving irrigation system comprises a surrounding ditch, a fish dam, a fish blocking fence, a water inlet and a water outlet, the ridge is of a trapezoidal structure, mulberry planting and fish farming are achieved, and the stability and flood-fighting capacity of the rice field are improved; the water-saving irrigation system is combined with collection and utilization of rainwater, pond water or river water, and the utilization efficiency of water resources is improved. The paddy field fully utilizes gravitational potential energy to achieve paddy field water circulation exchange through the height difference of the surrounding ditch, the fish tank, the water channel and the paddy field. The method has the following advantages: (1) the utilization efficiency of water resources is improved, rice yield increase is promoted, and diseases and insect pests are reduced; (2) the biological diversity is enhanced, and the stability and sustainability of a farmland ecosystem are improved; (3) drugs and feed are reduced or not used, and agricultural products such as ecological green rice and fish are produced; and (4) ecological diversity of a farmland system is maintained, rice diseases and insect pests are regulated and controlled through a biological chain, and ecological benefits and economic benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of ecological agriculture, specifically to a mulberry-based fishpond and rice-fish symbiotic farming system. Background Art

[0002] The resource utilization rate of traditional agricultural models is low, and the abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is excessive. The rice-fish symbiotic model combines rice planting and aquaculture to improve efficiency. The mulberry-based fishpond and rice-fish symbiotic model further introduces mulberry tree planting to provide food, shade, and resting environments for rice flower fish. Rice is planted and fish are raised. The fishponds, surrounding ditches, and paddy fields are resting and activity places for rice flower fish and field snails. The activities of rice flower fish fertilize the paddy fields, remove weeds, and control pests, forming a complete ecological cycle system. However, the existing ridge structures are unreasonable and the water resource utilization efficiency is not high. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved: In view of this, the embodiments of this application are expected to provide a mulberry-based fishpond and rice-fish symbiotic farming system to solve the problems of unreasonable ridge structures in farmland and low water resource utilization efficiency in the current development of ecological cycle agriculture, which affect the production safety of rice-fish polyculture. Based on production practice and application experience, the mulberry-based fishpond and rice-fish symbiotic farming system provided by the present invention can improve the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources, use the biological chain to fertilize the fields, remove weeds, control pests, and prevent diseases, promote the coordinated growth of rice and fish, and increase production and income.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical method of the embodiments of this application is implemented as follows: The embodiments of this application provide a mulberry-based fishpond and rice-fish symbiotic farming system, including a water-saving irrigation system and a paddy field. The water-saving irrigation system includes ridges, surrounding ditches, fishponds, water inlets and outlets, fish barriers, and fixed water source facilities such as canals, ponds, reservoirs, or rivers in agricultural production areas. The paddy field includes a flat paddy field and paddy field water inlet and outlet.

[0005] Furthermore, the ridge structure is designed: the ridge includes outer ridge, inner ridge and mulberry ridge. The outer ridge is the main field passage attached to the agricultural production area (such as machine farming road, field road, main standard farmland ridge foundation, etc.) as the fixed foundation of standard farmland, and adopts a trapezoidal ridge structure; the inner ridge is the field foundation designed to cooperate with the ecological cultivation of rice and fish, and adopts a trapezoidal ridge structure, which is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the inner and outer ridges are separated by a field ditch, that is, a surrounding ditch. For the inner ridge, the ridge height is adjusted according to the local water level, and the general height is 0.4-1.0 meters. The width of the upper narrow ridge surface is 0.5-0.8 meters, and the width of the lower wide ridge surface is 0.8-1.0 meters. The ridge earthwork is compacted. A machine-farming ramp is set at the ridge and the machine-farming road, and a cement pipe is pre-buried under the machine-farming ramp to facilitate water circulation. The machine-farming ramp is convenient for agricultural production machinery operations. The mulberry ridge is the junction of the inner ridge and the fish pond. Mulberry trees are planted on the inner ridge near the fish pond. The spacing between mulberry trees is 2-3 meters and the depth is 30-40 centimeters. The ridge is reinforced to prevent soil erosion. Data shows that under certain climatic conditions, the stability of the trapezoidal ridge is increased by 30% and soil erosion is reduced by 20%.

[0006] Furthermore, the design of the surrounding ditch and fish pond: the surrounding ditch is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The width of the surrounding ditch is 0.6-1.0 meters, and the depth is 0.4-0.6 meters. The surrounding ditch on one side of the rice field is further increased in depth to be designed as a rectangular fish pond. The fish pond is an inverted trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with a width of 1.0-1.2 meters and a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters, which is greater than the water depth of the rice field, making it convenient for fish to escape the heat and rest. The fish pond, surrounding ditch and rice field are connected to realize water circulation and exchange. According to production practice data, in the rice-fish symbiotic system where the depth of the fish pond is greater than 1.5 meters, the fish yield is increased by 15-20% compared with the shallow fish pond.

[0007] Further, the water-saving irrigation system is designed: the water-saving irrigation system adopts water-saving irrigation technology to reduce water waste, including fixed irrigation facilities such as ponds, reservoirs or river water sources, canals connected with water inlets, ditch, fish pond and rice fields. In the irrigation system, ditch, fish pond and pond are the main water storage facilities, and the inlet and outlet are well prevented from fish escaping or miscellaneous fish entering, so as to cope with drought or flood with a stable irrigation system. Aquatic plant planting areas such as foxtail algae are set in the fish pond to purify water quality and provide a resting place for fish and snails.

[0008] Furthermore, rice planting: for the rice planting, rice varieties suitable for the local climate and soil are selected, and the general planting density is 20-30 plants per square meter.

[0009] Furthermore, fish farming: Select fish species suitable for symbiotic cultivation with rice, such as carp, crucian carp, and grass carp. Stock snails at the bottom of the fish pond. Stock 800 - 1000 fry of Hehua fish per mu of paddy field, with a specification of 15 - 50 grams per fry. Stock 20 - 100 grass carp per mu, with a size of 50 - 100 grams per fish. Stock snails under the Hehua fish, with 300 young snails or 100 medium-sized adult snails stocked per square meter.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The reasonable design of the ridge structure and the planting of mulberry trees in the present invention improve the stability of the farmland and its flood resistance ability, and prevent soil erosion. (2) The design of the surrounding ditch, fish pond, and the water body circulation and exchange system provide a good growth environment for fish and are beneficial to the growth of rice. (3) The water-saving irrigation technology controls the water level change according to the water demand law of rice growth, realizes the storage of water in the surrounding ditch and fish pond to cope with the water demand and control the water level to adjust the growth of rice and the feeding demand of Hehua fish, thereby improving the water resource utilization efficiency and reducing water waste. (4) The coordinated growth of rice, fish, and mulberry trees, and the biological chain regulate rice production. The activities of Hehua fish such as swimming, feeding, and excretion fertilize the field, remove weeds, control pests, and prevent diseases, realizing the recycling of resources and maximizing the ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0012] Among them, the outer ridge 1, the inner ridge 2, the surrounding ditch 3, the fish pond 4, the mulberry planting 5, the water inlet 6, the fish barrier 7, the tractor ramp 8, the drain outlet 9, the aquatic plant planting area 10, the paddy field water flow inlet and outlet 11, the paddy field rice planting area 12.

[0013] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner ridge of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the surrounding ditch of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the fish pond of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The following examples further illustrate the content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any modification and replacement of the methods, steps, or conditions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention. If not specifically specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0017] Example 1

[0018] Large-scale mulberry-based fish pond rice-fish complex breeding model of one-season rice + regenerated rice. The rice fields are fertile, with sufficient mountain spring water, ready-made supporting ponds, good canal irrigation foundation, pollution-free and well-drained rice fields of 50 mu. The ridges are constructed after the autumn harvest and before the spring rainy season. The slope of the outer ridge (1) near the ditch is compacted, and loofah is planted to provide shade, slope protection, and prevent the growth of malignant weeds. The inner ridge (2) is 0.4 meters wide and 0.5 meters high in a trapezoidal structure. The ditch (3) is 0.8 meters wide and 0.6-0.7 meters deep in an inverted trapezoidal structure. The fish pond (4) is 1.0 meters wide and about 1.8 meters deep in an inverted trapezoidal structure. Mulberry trees (5) are planted at the junction of the inner field ridge (2) and the fish pond (4), with a spacing of 3 meters, a hole depth of 0.3 meters, and single-row planting. Organic soil and miscellaneous fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and water is irrigated after planting. Solid fish fences (7) are built at the water inlet (6) and the water outlet (9) to prevent the grass carp from escaping. A mechanized farming ramp (8) is set up and cement pipes are pre-buried to ensure that the water source for rice field production is unobstructed, which is convenient for mechanical operation. An aquatic plant planting area (10) is set up in the fish pond (4) area to plant foxtail algae to purify the water quality and provide a habitat for aquatic organisms. A water-saving irrigation system is formed, in which the canal is connected to the water inlet and outlet (6, 9), and the water source of the surrounding ditch (3), the fish pond (4) and the rice field (12) is unobstructed. The water level change is adjusted according to the water demand law of rice production to achieve water saving, water storage and water use. The paddy field production area (12) has an area of ​​about 5 mu per field. The paddy field water inlet and outlet (11) is set to adjust and control water to facilitate the growth and development of rice, which is conducive to the grass carp swimming in the field to feed, control weeds, control insects and prevent diseases, and fertilize the field with excrement nutrients. The Qishan Rouge Rice variety independently developed by the company is selected to arrange the mulberry-based fish pond rice-fish compound breeding model, a one-season rice + regenerated rice model, wide and narrow row planting, 20-25 plants per square meter, and about 13,500 holes per mu. Grass carp, i.e. carp and crucian carp, are stocked with about 15 kg of fry per mu of rice field, with a width of 3-5 cm and a length of 10-15 cm. The fry are fed with rice bran, grass, fruits and mulberry leaves that are crushed into fish food bait in scattered areas of the fish pond to train the grass carp to take feeding stress response. Grass carp are free to enter and exit the rice field to feed, and are not fed or fed less. After three years of experiments, the yield of high-quality rice in the experimental field increased by about 10% without the use of any pesticides, the use of chemical fertilizers decreased by 80%, the use of organic fertilizers increased by 80%, the growth of fish increased by 1-3 times, the soil organic matter content increased by 8%, the water quality was significantly improved, and the economic and ecological benefits were significantly improved.

[0019] Example 2

[0020] Large-scale mulberry-fish pond rice-fish compound breeding double-season rice model. 2,000 mu of rice fields are flat, fertile, with reservoir water sources and supporting ponds, standardized farmland canal irrigation foundation, pollution-free and good drainage and irrigation, and 60 mu of rice fields adopt the compound breeding model. The foundation of the rice field is constructed after the autumn harvest and before the spring rainy season. The slope of the outer ridge (1) near the ditch is compacted, and loofah is planted to provide shade, protect the slope, and prevent weeds from breeding. The inner ridge (2) is 0.40 meters wide and 0.5 meters high. The trapezoidal structure. The ditch (3) is 0.8 meters wide and 0.6-0.7 meters deep. The fish pond (4) is 1.0 meters wide and about 1.8 meters deep. Mulberry trees (5) are planted at the junction of the inner field ridge (2) and the fish pond (4), with a spacing of 3 meters, a hole depth of 0.3 meters, and single-row planting. Organic soil and miscellaneous fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and water is irrigated after planting. Solid fish fences (7) are built at the water inlet (6) and the water outlet (9) to prevent the grass carp from escaping. A mechanized farming ramp (8) is set up and cement pipes are pre-buried to ensure that the water source for rice field production is unobstructed, which is convenient for mechanical operation. An aquatic plant planting area (10) is set up in the fish pond (4) area to plant foxtail algae to purify the water quality and provide a habitat for aquatic organisms. A water-saving irrigation system is formed, in which the canal is connected to the water inlet and outlet (6, 9), and the water source of the surrounding ditch (3), the fish pond (4) and the rice field (12) is unobstructed. The water level change is adjusted according to the water demand law of rice production to achieve water saving, water storage and water use. The paddy field production area (12) has an area of ​​about 5 mu per field. The paddy field water inlet and outlet (11) is set to facilitate the growth and development of rice, and is conducive to the grass carp swimming in the field to feed, control weeds, control insects and prevent diseases, and fertilize the field with excrement nutrients. Select early and late rice varieties to arrange the mulberry-based fish pond rice-fish composite breeding mode, double-season rice mode, wide and narrow row planting, 25-30 plants per square meter, and about 15,000-18,000 holes per mu. Grass carp, i.e., carp and crucian carp, are stocked with about 15 kg of fry per mu of rice field, with a width of 3-5 cm and a length of 10-15 cm. There are 20 grass carps weighing 100 grams per tail per mu, and 5 kg of Chinese round snails per mu. Rice bran, grass, fruits and mulberry leaves are crushed into fish food and fed in scattered areas of the fish pond to train the grass carp to take feeding stress response. Grass carp are not fed or fed less during the feeding stage when they can freely enter and exit the rice field. After one year of experimentation, the yield of high-quality rice in the experimental field increased by about 15% without the use of any pesticides, the use of chemical fertilizers decreased by 80%, organic fertilizers increased by 80%, fish growth increased by 2-3 times, soil organic matter content increased by 7%, water quality was significantly improved, and economic and ecological benefits were significantly enhanced.

Claims

1. The symbiotic breeding system of rice and fish in Mulberry-fish pond is characterized by: The system comprises a water-saving irrigation system and a rice field, and utilizes the gravitational potential energy between the height and water level difference between the rice field and the water-saving irrigation system infrastructure to form a closed water cycle.

2. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-saving irrigation system comprises a trapezoidal ridge (1, 2), a surrounding ditch (3), a fish pond (4), a mulberry plant (5), a water inlet (6), and a water outlet (9); the trapezoidal ridge mainly comprises an outer ridge (1) and an inner ridge (2), and is designed in a trapezoidal shape, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, so as to improve stability and flood resistance; the rice field surrounding ditch (3) is designed in an inverted trapezoidal shape, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, so as to enhance the earthwork fixing function of the outer ridge (1) and the inner ridge (2); the surrounding ditch is connected to the water inlet (6) and the water outlet (9), and is provided with a The mechanized farming ramp (8) is convenient for mechanical operation; the fish pond (4) is designed in an inverted trapezoidal shape, which is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. It is a deep-water fish pond, and an aquatic plant planting area (10) is set in the appropriate condition area, such as foxtail algae to purify water quality, absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements in the water body, and prevent eutrophication of the water body; the mulberry planting (5) is used to plant mulberry trees at the junction of the fish pond and the inner field ridge to enhance the stability of the field ridge; the water inlet (6) and the water outlet (9) are connected to the canal, and fish fences (7) are installed at the water inlet and outlet to prevent escape.

3. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rice field and the rice planting area (12) are connected to the water-saving irrigation system, and the rice field water inlet and outlet (11) are interconnected between the fields. The water demand condition realizes the change of water level according to the transformation of gravitational potential energy, regulates the water volume of the rice field and the entry and exit of the rice field by the grass carp, adjusts the weed flooding conditions, and regulates the rice field fertilization, weed control, insect control and disease prevention by the feeding and swimming of the grass carp, so as to form a water body circulation exchange and promote the growth and development of rice.

4. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The height of the trapezoidal ridge is adjusted according to the local water level and planting water requirements, and generally the height of the inner ridge is 0.4-1.0 meters.

5. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The mulberry trees can reach a height of 1.5-2 meters in the first year of planting, and can reach a height of 2-3 meters after two years. The tree height is controlled to be 2-3 meters, and the mulberry leaf yield can reach 800-1000 kilograms per mu, providing good shade and feed sources for fish.

6. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water-saving irrigation system has a ditch depth of 0.4-1.0 meters and a fish pond depth of 1.5-2.0 meters. The water storage capacity of the ditch and the fish pond saves 30% of water compared with the traditional irrigation method, and the rice quality is enhanced and the yield is increased by 10-15%.

7. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: For the rice fields mentioned above, water quality monitoring in rice planting areas should be strengthened. The water quality monitoring indicators include dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and pH value. The dissolved oxygen should be maintained above 5 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen should be lower than 0.2 mg / L, nitrite should be lower than 0.1 mg / L, and the pH value should be controlled between 6.5-8.5 to ensure the healthy growth of fish.

8. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rice fields mentioned above should strengthen rice field fertility testing every year. It is recommended to refer to the national soil fertility classification standards to ensure that the soil organic matter content is above 1.5%, the available phosphorus content is above 10 mg / kg, and the available potassium content is above 100 mg / kg to ensure good growth of rice.

9. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The water demand of rice fields is regulated. During rice production, the water level is reasonably regulated to ensure efficient use of water resources. The water level per mu of rice field should be controlled at 0.10-0.25 meters. When the fields are exposed to the sun, the rice fields are drained and dried, and fish and snails enter the ditches. During harvesting, the rice fields are drained and dried one week in advance to facilitate harvesting.

10. The mulberry-fish symbiotic breeding system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The rice production can develop a mulberry-fish composite farming model of single-season rice or double-season rice production according to local topography, climate resources, hydrological resources and production conditions.

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