Carbon dioxide decomposition device, method and system
By designing a carbon dioxide decomposition device including reaction tube, anode, cathode and electromagnetic coil, the problem of carbon dioxide decomposition difficulty is solved by using charge collision and magnetic field action, and efficient carbon dioxide decomposition is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510380247.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
AI Technical Summary
How to reduce the difficulty of decomposition of carbon dioxide, given its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertia, lead to decomposition difficulties.
A carbon dioxide decomposition device is designed, including a reaction tube, an intake tube, an outlet tube, an anode, a cathode and an electromagnetic coil. A high potential difference is formed through an external power supply, and a positive charge collides with the carbon dioxide molecules, producing a glow discharge plasma, and using the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil to make the plasma spiral advance, increasing the collision frequency with the carbon dioxide molecules, and promoting decomposition.
The decomposition efficiency of carbon dioxide is improved, the decomposition difficulty is reduced, and the probability of C=O bond recombination after detachment is reduced through rotational motion.
Smart Images
Figure CN120204897A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of green energy, and more particularly, to a carbon dioxide decomposition device, method and system. Background Art
[0002] How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is an important issue in the world today. Although burning fossil fuels remains the main propellant for industrial progress, it has continuously increased the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. Other processes, such as ammonia production, also release excessive carbon dioxide. The inherently high thermodynamic stability and significant kinetic inertness of carbon dioxide molecules result in a high activation energy barrier, increasing the difficulty of carbon dioxide decomposition. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to reduce the difficulty of carbon dioxide decomposition.
[0004] To solve the above problems, on the one hand, the present invention provides a carbon dioxide decomposition device, including a reaction tube, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, an anode, a cathode and an electromagnetic coil. The inlet pipe extends into the reaction tube from one end of the reaction tube and is communicated with the reaction tube. The outlet pipe extends into the reaction tube from the other end of the reaction tube and is communicated with the reaction tube. The anode is used to connect to the positive pole of an external power supply, and the cathode is used to connect to the negative pole of the external power supply. The anode is connected to the end of the inlet pipe facing the outlet pipe and is provided with a through hole communicated with the inlet pipe. The cathode is connected to the end of the outlet pipe facing the inlet pipe and is provided with a through hole communicated with the outlet pipe. The radial dimension of the cathode is larger than that of the anode. The electromagnetic coil is used to generate a magnetic field when energized. The electromagnetic coil surrounds the reaction tube, and the area surrounded by the electromagnetic coil at least covers the area between the anode and the cathode.
[0005] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a three-dimensional adjustment platform, and the electromagnetic coil is installed on the three-dimensional adjustment platform, and the three-dimensional adjustment platform is used to adjust the spatial position of the electromagnetic coil.
[0006] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a sealed connection structure, and the sealed connection structure is installed at the connection position between the inlet pipe and the reaction tube, and is also installed at the connection position between the outlet pipe and the reaction tube.
[0007] Optionally, the cathode is provided with an arc-shaped flow guiding surface along the direction of gas flow, and the arc-shaped flow guiding surface is located at the end of the cathode facing the anode.
[0008] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a micro-filtering device, and the micro-filtering device is communicated with the end of the outlet pipe away from the reaction tube.
[0009] Optionally, the reaction tube includes a first tube body, a second tube body, and a third tube body. The second tube body is detachably connected between the first tube body and the third tube body through a sealing connector. The first tube body, the second tube body, and the third tube body are in communication. The intake pipe is hermetically connected to the first tube body, and the exhaust pipe is hermetically connected to the third tube body.
[0010] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a heat recovery structure for exchanging heat with the gas in the exhaust pipe.
[0011] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes an active gas input pipe for introducing active gas and communicating with the reaction tube.
[0012] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes an exhaust gas circulation pipeline. One end of the exhaust gas circulation pipeline is in communication with the exhaust pipe, and the other end is in communication with the intake pipe. And an air pump is provided on the exhaust gas circulation pipeline.
[0013] Compared with the related art, in the carbon dioxide decomposition device of the present invention, carbon dioxide can enter the reaction tube through the intake pipe and flow out of the reaction tube through the exhaust pipe. After the carbon dioxide flows into the reaction tube, a high potential difference can be formed between the anode and the cathode under an external power supply, so that the C=O bond of the carbon dioxide molecule dissociates under the collision of charges, causing the carbon dioxide to be broken down to generate a glow discharge plasma. Since the radial dimension of the cathode is larger than that of the anode, the glow discharge plasma presents a diffused movement path. After the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil acts on the region between the anode and the cathode, the glow discharge plasma macroscopically appears as visible glow with a rotating characteristic. The spiral propulsion of the glow discharge plasma increases the collision frequency with the carbon dioxide molecules, further promoting the dissociation of the C=O bond of the carbon dioxide molecules, and reducing the recombination probability of the dissociated C=O bonds under the centrifugal action of the rotational motion, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of carbon dioxide and reducing the decomposition difficulty.
[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a carbon dioxide decomposition method based on the carbon dioxide decomposition device according to any one of claims 1-8, including:
[0015] Performing vacuum treatment inside the reaction tube of the carbon dioxide decomposition device;
[0016] Connecting the anode and the cathode of the carbon dioxide decomposition device to the positive and negative poles of a DC power supply respectively;
[0017] Powering on the electromagnetic coil of the carbon dioxide decomposition device;
[0018] High-concentration carbon dioxide gas enters the reaction tube through the inlet pipe of the carbon dioxide decomposition device and decomposes. The decomposed carbon dioxide gas flows out through the outlet pipe of the carbon dioxide decomposition device.
[0019] This carbon dioxide decomposition method has all the beneficial effects of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, which will not be elaborated here.
[0020] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a carbon dioxide decomposition system, including a DC power supply and the carbon dioxide decomposition device as described above. The positive pole of the DC power supply is connected to the anode of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, the negative pole of the DC power supply is connected to the cathode of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, and the electromagnetic coil of the carbon dioxide decomposition device is used to connect to an external power supply.
[0021] This carbon dioxide decomposition system has all the beneficial effects of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, which will not be elaborated here. Description of the Drawings
[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide decomposition device in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;
[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide decomposition device in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;
[0024] Figure 3 is a block diagram of the carbon dioxide decomposition method in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] Description of the Reference Numerals:
[0026] 1 - reaction tube; 11 - first tube body; 12 - second tube body; 13 - third tube body; 2 - inlet pipe; 3 - outlet pipe; 4 - anode; 5 - cathode; 51 - arc-shaped flow guiding surface; 6 - electromagnetic coil. Detailed Embodiments
[0027] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0028] In the accompanying drawings, the X-axis represents the horizontal position. The positive direction of the X-axis (i.e., the direction pointed by the arrow of the X-axis) represents the right side, and the negative direction of the X-axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the positive direction of the X-axis) represents the left side. The Y-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the front-back position. The positive direction of the Y-axis (i.e., the direction pointed by the arrow of the Y-axis) represents the front side, and the negative direction of the Y-axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Y-axis) represents the back side. The Z-axis in the accompanying drawings represents the vertical position. The positive direction of the Z-axis (i.e., the direction pointed by the arrow of the Z-axis) represents the upper side, and the negative direction of the Z-axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z-axis) represents the lower side. It should be noted that the above-described meanings of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are only for facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims, and above-mentioned accompanying drawings of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.
[0030] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide decomposition device, including a reaction tube 1, an inlet pipe 2, an outlet pipe 3, an anode 4, a cathode 5, and an electromagnetic coil 6. The inlet pipe 2 extends into the reaction tube 1 from one end of the reaction tube 1 and is in communication with the reaction tube 1. The outlet pipe 3 extends into the reaction tube 1 from the other end of the reaction tube 1 and is in communication with the reaction tube 1. The anode 4 is used to be connected to the positive electrode of an external power source, and the cathode 5 is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the external power source. The anode 4 is connected to the end of the inlet pipe 2 facing the outlet pipe 3 and is provided with a through hole communicating with the inlet pipe 2. The cathode 5 is connected to the end of the outlet pipe 3 facing the inlet pipe 2 and is provided with a through hole communicating with the outlet pipe 3. The radial dimension of the cathode 5 is larger than that of the anode 4. The electromagnetic coil 6 is used to generate a magnetic field when energized. The electromagnetic coil 6 surrounds the reaction tube 1, and the area surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 6 at least covers the area between the anode 4 and the cathode 5.
[0031] Specifically, the reaction tube 1, the inlet pipe 2, and the outlet pipe 3 are coaxial and interconnected. Among them, the diameter of the reaction tube 1 is relatively large, while the diameters of the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3 are relatively small. Taking the left-to-right direction as the flow direction of carbon dioxide, the reaction tube 1 is connected between the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3. The inlet pipe 2 is located on the left side of the reaction tube 1, and the outlet pipe 3 is located on the right side of the reaction tube 1. The right end of the inlet pipe 2 extends into the reaction tube 1 from the left end of the reaction tube 1, and the left end of the inlet pipe 2 is located outside the reaction tube 1 for connecting to a carbon dioxide storage tank or a carbon dioxide supply pipeline. The left end of the outlet pipe 3 extends into the reaction tube 1 from the right end of the reaction tube 1, and the right end of the outlet pipe 3 is located outside the reaction tube 1 for sending the decomposed gas to corresponding gas recovery pipelines or equipment. Inside the reaction tube 1, a certain distance is reserved between the right end of the inlet pipe 2 and the left end of the outlet pipe 3. The anode 4 is installed at the right end of the inlet pipe 2, and the cathode 5 is installed at the left end of the outlet pipe 3. The anode 4 and the cathode 5 are respectively connected to the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3, that is, through holes communicating with the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3 are respectively provided on the anode 4 and the cathode 5. During use, the anode 4 can be connected to the positive pole of an external power source (for example, a DC power source) through a wire, and the cathode 5 can be connected to the negative pole of the external power source through a wire. When the external power source is working, a high potential difference is formed between the anode 4 and the cathode 5. The electromagnetic coil 6 is a Helmholtz coil. The Helmholtz coil can adopt a double-winding structure, the coil spacing is equal to the radius, and a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T can be generated when the maximum excitation current is 10 A. The electromagnetic coil 6 surrounds the reaction tube 1, and the area surrounded by the electromagnetic coil 6 at least covers the area between the anode 4 and the cathode 5, that is, as Figure 1 shown, after the electromagnetic coil 6 is powered on, the electromagnetic coil 6 generates a magnetic field, and this magnetic field acts on the area between the anode 4 and the cathode 5.
[0032] During the decomposition of carbon dioxide, a high potential difference is formed between the anode 4 and the cathode 5 through the external power source, and positive charges move from the anode 4 towards the cathode 5. Inside the reaction tube 1, during the process of carbon dioxide flowing from the inlet pipe 2 to the outlet pipe 3, the positive charges continuously collide with the C=O bond of the carbon dioxide molecules, prompting the dissociation of the C=O bond (the gas is broken down). The dissociation of the C=O bond generates a glow discharge plasma. At the same time, the magnetic field generated after the electromagnetic coil 6 is powered on exerts a Lorentz force on the positive charges. Under the action of the Lorentz force, the glow discharge plasma performs a helical propulsion composite motion. The helical propulsion of the glow discharge plasma will further increase the collision frequency with the carbon dioxide molecules, further prompting the dissociation of the C=O bond of the carbon dioxide molecules, and under the centrifugal action of the rotational motion, reducing the recombination probability of the dissociated C=O bond.
[0033] As Figure 1As shown, the radial dimension of the cathode 5 is larger than that of the anode 4. When the positive charges on the anode 4 move to the cathode 5, diffusion will occur. That is, from the perspective of the movement path, the movement path of the positive charges is "oblique". That is, when the positive charges migrate from the anode 4 to the cathode 5 under the action of the electric field, the movement direction of the positive charges will actually form a certain angle with the vertical direction, showing a path slanting downward. When there is a magnetic field orthogonal to the electric field direction in the discharge space (such as an axial magnetic field), according to the left-hand rule, the transverse component of the charge movement speed will interact with the magnetic field (spread the left palm so that the magnetic induction lines perpendicularly penetrate the palm, with the four fingers pointing in the charge movement direction, and at this time the direction perpendicular to the four fingers of the thumb is the action direction of the Lorentz force). This transverse component will cause the moving positive charges (charged particles) to generate a centripetal acceleration, thus forming a compound movement of spiral propulsion. The macroscopic manifestation of the collective movement of positive charges is that the visible glow shows a rotating characteristic, and its rotation direction can be regulated by changing the magnetic field polarity.
[0034] Therefore, in this embodiment, carbon dioxide can enter the reaction tube 1 through the inlet pipe 2 and flow out of the reaction tube 1 through the outlet pipe 3. After the carbon dioxide flows into the reaction tube 1, a high potential difference can be formed between the anode 4 and the cathode 5 under an external power supply, so that the C=O bond of the carbon dioxide molecule is dissociated under the collision of charges, and the carbon dioxide is broken down to generate glow discharge plasma. Since the radial dimension of the cathode 5 is larger than that of the anode 4, the glow discharge plasma shows a diffused movement path. After the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 6 acts on the area between the anode 4 and the cathode 5, the glow discharge plasma macroscopically appears as the visible glow showing a rotating characteristic. The spiral propulsion of the glow discharge plasma increases the collision frequency with the carbon dioxide molecules, further promoting the dissociation of the C=O bond of the carbon dioxide molecules, and under the centrifugal action of the rotational movement, reducing the recombination probability of the dissociated C=O bonds, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of carbon dioxide and reducing the decomposition difficulty.
[0035] Optionally, as shown in combination with Figure 1 the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a three-dimensional adjustment platform, and the electromagnetic coil 6 is installed on the three-dimensional adjustment platform, and the three-dimensional adjustment platform is used to adjust the spatial position of the electromagnetic coil 6.
[0036] Specifically, the three-dimensional adjustment platform can realize the axial movement of the electromagnetic coil 6 along the reaction tube 1, the radial movement along the reaction tube 1, and the deflection and inclination relative to the reaction tube 1. No specific requirements are made for the specific structure of the three-dimensional adjustment platform.
[0037] In this way, by installing the electromagnetic coil 6 on the three-dimensional adjustment platform, and the three-dimensional adjustment platform is used to adjust the spatial position of the electromagnetic coil 6, the three-dimensional adjustment platform facilitates the adjustment of the spatial position of the electromagnetic coil 6 to improve the usability of the electromagnetic coil 6.
[0038] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a sealed connection structure, which is installed at the connection position between the intake pipe 2 and the reaction pipe 1, and is also installed at the connection position between the outlet pipe 3 and the reaction pipe 1.
[0039] Specifically, the sealed connection structure can at least include a silicone rubber sealing ring and a special sealant. For example, after the silicone rubber sealing ring is filled at the connection position between the intake pipe 2 and the reaction pipe 1, the special sealant is used to seal the connection position between the intake pipe 2 and the reaction pipe 1.
[0040] In this way, the sealed connection structure is installed at the connection position between the intake pipe 2 and the reaction pipe 1, and is also installed at the connection position between the outlet pipe 3 and the reaction pipe 1, which can improve the sealing effect of the connection position between the intake pipe 2 and the reaction pipe 1 and the connection position between the outlet pipe 3 and the reaction pipe 1, so as to ensure the stability of the carbon dioxide decomposition process.
[0041] Optionally, in combination with Figure 1 as shown, the cathode 5 is provided with an arc-shaped guide surface 51 along the direction of the gas flow, and the arc-shaped guide surface 51 is located at the end of the cathode 5 facing the anode 4.
[0042] Specifically, the arc-shaped guide surface 51 is located at the end of the cathode 5 facing the anode 4, that is, the arc-shaped guide surface 51 is located on the inner surface of the left end of the cathode 5.
[0043] In this way, by the arc-shaped guide surface 51 being located at the end of the cathode 5 facing the anode 4, on the one hand, the diversion of the dissociated gas is realized, and on the other hand, the glow discharge plasma presents a stable circumferential movement along the arc-shaped guide surface 51, so as to ensure the stability of the movement of the glow discharge plasma at the cathode 5.
[0044] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a micro-filtering device, which is communicated with the end of the outlet pipe 3 far from the reaction pipe 1.
[0045] Specifically, the micro-filtering device is, for example, a thin film, and the thin film intercepts solid particles with a particle size > 5μm.
[0046] In this way, the micro-filtering device is communicated with the end of the outlet pipe 3 far from the reaction pipe 1, which can ensure the purity of the decomposed gas.
[0047] Optionally, in combination with Figure 1 as shown, the reaction pipe 1 includes a first pipe body 11, a second pipe body 12 and a third pipe body 13. The second pipe body 12 is detachably connected between the first pipe body 11 and the third pipe body 13 through a sealed connector. The first pipe body 11, the second pipe body 12 and the third pipe body 13 are communicated. The intake pipe 2 is hermetically connected to the first pipe body 11, and the outlet pipe 3 is hermetically connected to the third pipe body 13.
[0048] Specifically, the sealed connector may include a first part and a second part connected by threads. Taking the connection of the first pipe body 11 and the second pipe body 12 as an example, the first part of the sealed connector is sleeved on the first pipe body 11, and the second part of the sealed connector is sleeved on the second pipe body 12. The first pipe body 11 and the second pipe body 12 are butted through threaded connection between the first part and the second part. After the first pipe body 11 and the second pipe body 12 are connected, the first pipe body 11 and the intake pipe 2 are hermetically connected.
[0049] In this way, the second pipe body 12 is detachably connected between the first pipe body 11 and the third pipe body 13 through the sealed connector. The first pipe body 11, the second pipe body 12, and the third pipe body 13 are communicated. The intake pipe 2 is hermetically connected to the first pipe body 11, and the outlet pipe 3 is hermetically connected to the third pipe body 13, realizing the split manufacturing of the reaction tube 1, and further facilitating the hermetic connection of the reaction tube 1 with the intake pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 3 respectively.
[0050] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes a heat recovery structure for exchanging heat with the gas in the outlet pipe 3.
[0051] Specifically, the heat recovery structure is, for example, a thermoelectric generator, that is, the thermoelectric generator generates electricity with waste heat after exchanging heat with the gas in the outlet pipe 3.
[0052] In this way, by using the heat recovery structure to exchange heat with the gas in the outlet pipe 3, the heat generated during the carbon dioxide decomposition process can be utilized, improving the energy utilization rate.
[0053] Optionally, the carbon dioxide decomposition device further includes an active gas input pipe for accessing active gas and communicating with the reaction tube 1.
[0054] Specifically, the active gas input pipe can introduce reducing gases such as hydrogen. The reducing gas introduced into the reaction tube 1 can further promote the decomposition of carbon dioxide molecules.
[0055] In this way, the active gas input pipe is used to access active gas and communicate with the reaction tube 1, and the reducibility of the active gas can be used to dissociate the C=O bond of carbon dioxide, so as to improve the carbon dioxide decomposition efficiency.
[0056] Combined with Figure 3 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide decomposition method based on the carbon dioxide decomposition device as described above. The method includes:
[0057] Performing vacuum treatment inside the reaction tube 1 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device;
[0058] Connecting the anode 4 and the cathode 5 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device to the positive and negative electrodes of a DC power supply respectively;
[0059] Energize the electromagnetic coil 6 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device;
[0060] High-concentration carbon dioxide gas enters the reaction tube through the inlet pipe 2 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device and decomposes. The decomposed carbon dioxide gas flows out through the outlet pipe 3 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device.
[0061] Specifically, assemble the carbon dioxide decomposition device, and detect the airtightness of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, as well as the stability of the connection interfaces between the anode 4, the cathode 5 and the DC power supply, etc. After the preparatory work is ready, continuously evacuate the reaction tube 1 through a vacuum pump, and the DC power supply forms a high-intensity electric field between the anode 4 and the cathode 5. After high-purity carbon dioxide gas flows into the reaction tube 1 through the inlet pipe 2, under the action of the high-voltage electric field, a stable plasma glow discharge phenomenon is formed between the anode and the cathode. Due to the Lorentz force after the electromagnetic coil 6 is energized, the glow generated by the discharge shows a dynamic characteristic of rotating circumferentially along the inner wall of the cathode 5 and advancing towards the outlet pipe 3. The spiral propulsion of the glow discharge plasma increases the collision frequency with carbon dioxide molecules, further promoting the dissociation of the C=O bond of carbon dioxide molecules, and under the centrifugal action of the rotational motion, reducing the recombination probability of the dissociated C=O bond.
[0062] This carbon dioxide decomposition method has all the beneficial effects of this carbon dioxide decomposition device, which will not be elaborated here.
[0063] A carbon dioxide decomposition system includes a DC power supply and the carbon dioxide decomposition device as described above. The positive pole of the DC power supply is connected to the anode 4 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, the negative pole of the DC power supply is connected to the cathode 5 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, and the electromagnetic coil 6 of the carbon dioxide decomposition device is used to connect to an external power supply.
[0064] This carbon dioxide decomposition system has all the beneficial effects of this carbon dioxide decomposition device, which will not be elaborated here.
[0065] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A carbon dioxide decomposition device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reaction tube (1), an air inlet pipe (2), an air outlet pipe (3), an anode (4), a cathode (5) and an electromagnetic coil (6), wherein the air inlet pipe (2) extends into the reaction tube (1) from one end of the reaction tube (1) and is in communication with the reaction tube (1), the air outlet pipe (3) extends into the reaction tube (1) from the other end of the reaction tube (1) and is in communication with the reaction tube (1), the anode (4) is used to be connected to the positive electrode of an external power source, the cathode (5) is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the external power source, the anode (4) is connected to the air inlet pipe (2 ) is connected to the end of the outlet pipe (3) and is provided with a through hole communicating with the inlet pipe (2); the cathode (5) is connected to the end of the outlet pipe (3) toward the inlet pipe (2) and is provided with a through hole communicating with the outlet pipe (3); the radial dimension of the cathode (5) is greater than the radial dimension of the anode (4); the electromagnetic coil (6) is used to generate a magnetic field when energized; the electromagnetic coil (6) surrounds the reaction tube (1), and the area surrounded by the electromagnetic coil (6) at least covers the area between the anode (4) and the cathode (5).
2. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a three-dimensional adjustment platform, the electromagnetic coil (6) is mounted on the three-dimensional adjustment platform, and the three-dimensional adjustment platform is used to adjust the spatial position of the electromagnetic coil (6).
3. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a sealing connection structure, which is installed at the connection position between the air inlet pipe (2) and the reaction tube (1), and is also installed at the connection position between the air outlet pipe (3) and the reaction tube (1).
4. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode (5) is provided with an arc-shaped guide surface (51) along the direction of airflow flow, and the arc-shaped guide surface (51) is located at the end of the cathode (5) facing the anode (4).
5. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a micro-filtering device, which is connected to the end of the gas outlet pipe (3) away from the reaction tube (1).
6. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction tube (1) comprises a first tube body (11), a second tube body (12) and a third tube body (13); the second tube body (12) is detachably connected between the first tube body (11) and the third tube body (13) via a sealed connector; the first tube body (11), the second tube body (12) and the third tube body (13) are in communication; the air inlet pipe (2) is sealedly connected to the first tube body (11); and the air outlet pipe (3) is sealedly connected to the third tube body (13).
7. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a heat recovery structure, which is used to exchange heat with the gas in the gas outlet pipe (3).
8. The carbon dioxide decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an active gas input pipe, which is used to receive active gas and is connected to the reaction tube (1).
9. A method for decomposing carbon dioxide, based on the carbon dioxide decomposition device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Vacuum treatment of the interior of the reaction tube (1) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device; The anode (4) and cathode (5) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device are connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of a direct current power supply respectively; energizing the electromagnetic coil (6) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device; High-concentration carbon dioxide gas enters the reaction tube through the air inlet pipe (2) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device and is decomposed, and the decomposed carbon dioxide gas flows out through the air outlet pipe (3) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device.
10. A carbon dioxide decomposition system, characterized in that: It comprises a direct current power supply and a carbon dioxide decomposition device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the positive pole of the direct current power supply is connected to the anode (4) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, the negative pole of the direct current power supply is connected to the cathode (5) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device, and the electromagnetic coil (6) of the carbon dioxide decomposition device is used to be connected to an external power supply.