Vehicle power configuration circuit, vehicle power supply system and rail vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle power configuration circuit, a vehicle power supply system and a rail vehicle. The vehicle power configuration circuit comprises a power supply unit and an energy management unit. The power supply unit comprises a power battery pack and a new energy battery pack. When the railway vehicle is in a traction working condition, the power supply unit supplies power to a traction system of the railway vehicle; the energy management unit monitors the battery state of the power supply unit and dynamically adjusts power distribution according to the real-time battery state and the dynamic demand of vehicle power utilization; and when the rail vehicle is in the electric braking working condition, the energy management unit controls the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit, so that the power supply unit recycles electric energy generated by braking of the rail vehicle. By providing two power supply batteries, reliable power supply of the traction system is guaranteed, and safe operation of the vehicle can be achieved; by controlling the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit, effective recovery of vehicle braking energy is ensured, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, and provides a vehicle power configuration circuit, a vehicle power supply system, and a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of booming economy and accelerating urbanization process, the urban layout continues to expand, and people's dependence on urban rail transit is increasing day by day. Rail transit trains, with their excellent passenger capacity, fast speed, remarkable energy-saving effect, environmental protection characteristics, and economic benefits, are gradually becoming the key force to relieve urban traffic congestion and improve transportation efficiency. Taking tram as an example, the on-vehicle energy storage system serves as the power source of the tram. Therefore, the optimal matching and control strategy of the power source are crucial for realizing the safe operation of the vehicle and improving the energy conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a vehicle power configuration circuit, a vehicle power supply system, and a rail vehicle. By providing two power supply batteries, the reliable power supply of the traction system is ensured, and the safe operation of the vehicle can be realized; by controlling the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit, the effective recovery of the vehicle braking energy is ensured, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

[0004] The present invention provides a vehicle power configuration circuit, which is applied to a rail vehicle. The circuit includes a power supply unit and an energy management unit; the power supply unit includes a power battery pack and a new energy battery pack; when the rail vehicle is in the traction working condition, the power supply unit is used to supply power to the traction system of the rail vehicle; the energy management unit is used to monitor the battery state of the power supply unit, and dynamically adjust the power distribution according to the real-time battery state and the dynamic demand of vehicle power consumption; when the rail vehicle is in the electric braking working condition, the energy management unit is used to control the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit, so that the power supply unit recovers the electric energy generated by the braking of the rail vehicle.

[0005] According to a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the power battery pack includes a first power battery and a second power battery that are redundant to each other.

[0006] According to a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the new energy battery pack is a hydrogen fuel cell pack.

[0007] According to a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, it further includes a gear selection switch; the gear selection switch is arranged between the power supply unit and the traction system, and the gear selection switch includes an operation position, a maintenance position, and a depot use position; the operation position is the gear for supplying power by using the power supply unit, the maintenance position is the gear for maintaining the rail vehicle, and the depot use position is the gear for supplying power by using the depot power supply.

[0008] A vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention further includes a circuit protection unit; the circuit protection unit is arranged between the power supply unit and the traction system and is used for disconnecting the power supply of the power supply unit to the traction system when the supply current is greater than a preset current value.

[0009] For a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the circuit protection unit includes a fuse or a circuit breaker.

[0010] For a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the energy management unit is specifically used for controlling the output energy of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack according to the electrical equipment of the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment; controlling the power consumption indexes of the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment according to the electric energy that the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack can provide; The power configuration based on which the capacity of the power supply unit is: Under traction conditions: P 动力电池放电 +P 氢燃料电池 ≥P 牵引 +P 辅助 ; Under braking conditions: P 动力电池充电 +P 辅助 ≥P 氢燃料电池 +P 牵引电制动 ; Among them, P 动力电池放电 is the power of the power battery discharging, P 氢燃料电池 is the power of the hydrogen fuel cell discharging, P 牵引 is the power of the traction equipment, P 辅助 is the power of the auxiliary equipment, P 动力电池充电 is the power of the power battery charging, P 牵引电制动 is the power of the traction system electric braking.

[0011] For a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the energy management unit includes a fault detection module, and the fault detection module is used for automatically switching to the second power battery when the battery state of the first power battery is abnormal.

[0012] For a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the energy management unit further includes a data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module is used for collecting data on the battery state and vehicle power consumption and sending the collected data to the train control and monitoring system.

[0013] For a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, the power supply unit further includes a cooling module, and the cooling module is used for regulating the temperatures of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack.

[0014] According to a vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention, when the power supply unit is in a power-deficient state, it is charged by a ground charging station.

[0015] The present invention also provides a vehicle power supply system, including the above-mentioned vehicle power configuration circuit.

[0016] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle, including the above-mentioned vehicle power supply system.

[0017] A vehicle power configuration circuit, a vehicle power supply system and a rail vehicle provided by the present invention. The vehicle power configuration circuit includes a power supply unit and an energy management unit; the power supply unit includes a power battery pack and a new energy battery pack. When the rail vehicle is in a traction working condition, the power supply unit supplies power to the traction system of the rail vehicle; the energy management unit monitors the battery state of the power supply unit, and dynamically adjusts the power distribution according to the real-time battery state and the dynamic demand of vehicle power consumption; when the rail vehicle is in an electric braking working condition, the energy management unit controls the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit, so that the power supply unit recovers the electric energy generated by the braking of the rail vehicle. By providing two power supply batteries, the present invention ensures reliable power supply for the traction system and enables the safe operation of the vehicle; by controlling the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit, the effective recovery of vehicle braking energy is ensured, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved. Description of the Drawings

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic principle diagram of the vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] The following will further describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0022] With the development of the economy and the rapid progress of urban construction, the urban area is constantly increasing, and people's demand for urban rail transit is also growing. Rail transit trains have the advantages of large passenger capacity, high speed, energy conservation, environmental protection, and economy, which will relieve the urban traffic pressure and improve the operation efficiency. Taking the tram as an example, the on-vehicle energy storage system is the power source of the tram, and the optimal matching and control strategy of the power source are crucial for realizing the safe operation of the vehicle and improving the energy conversion efficiency.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is the structural schematic diagram of the vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention.

[0024] The present invention provides a vehicle power configuration circuit, which is applied to a rail vehicle. The circuit includes a power supply unit 1 and an energy management unit 2; the power supply unit 1 includes a power battery pack and a new energy battery pack; when the rail vehicle is in the traction condition, the power supply unit 1 is used to supply power to the traction system of the rail vehicle; the energy management unit 2 is used to monitor the battery state of the power supply unit 1 and dynamically adjust the power distribution according to the real-time battery state and the dynamic demand of the vehicle for electricity consumption; when the rail vehicle is in the electric braking condition, the energy management unit 2 is used to control the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit 1 so that the power supply unit 1 can recover the electric energy generated by the braking of the rail vehicle.

[0025] In this embodiment, the vehicle power configuration circuit includes a power supply unit 1 and an energy management unit 2. The power supply unit 1 is composed of a power battery pack and a new energy battery pack. The power battery pack can be composed of lithium-ion batteries, which have high energy density and fast charge and discharge characteristics. The new energy battery pack can adopt a hydrogen fuel cell, which can continuously generate electric energy through internal chemical reactions during the operation of the vehicle. Its energy density is higher than that of lithium-ion batteries and it has a longer service life. In the traction condition, the power supply unit 1 (using two sets of power batteries and a hydrogen fuel cell in parallel) supplies power to the vehicle high-voltage bus, and supplies power to the traction system (traction converter, air conditioner, auxiliary converter) through the energy management unit 2. The energy management unit 2 dynamically adjusts the power distribution by real-time monitoring the state (voltage (V), current (I) and temperature (T)) of the battery pack and according to the traction force demand (F) and speed (v) of the vehicle, and the electricity consumption demands of traction auxiliary devices such as air conditioners, compressors, pumps, etc. At the same time, the energy management unit 2 will control the power level of the power battery to be in an unsaturated state; in the electric braking condition, the energy management unit 2 adjusts the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit 1, and the electric energy fed back by the traction motor. The energy management unit 2 calculates the recoverable energy (E) according to the braking intensity (B) and the vehicle mass (m). The electric energy is fed back to the high-voltage bus through the traction converter to charge the vehicle air conditioner, auxiliary converter and power battery, achieving 100% recovery of the electric braking energy. The negative poles of the electrical equipment (passenger compartment air conditioner, traction converter, auxiliary converter) flow back to the power battery or hydrogen fuel cell.

[0026] The energy management unit 2 can be arranged in the high-voltage box, and the present invention does not make special limitations here.

[0027] Since the vehicle is equipped with its own power source, there is no need to configure electrified lines, saving a large amount of infrastructure such as catenaries and power supply stations. Moreover, the negative electrode of the electrical equipment returns to the power battery or hydrogen fuel cell, and there is no need to additionally configure equipment such as a return line on the rail, reducing the line construction cost. The vehicle power source has redundancy. In case of any failure of the power battery or hydrogen fuel cell, the remaining two sets of batteries can provide high-voltage power for the vehicle. Two independent power conversion modules are adopted inside the auxiliary converter, and the failure of a single module does not affect the operation of the other module, improving the availability of the vehicle.

[0028] Two sets of power batteries are configured to recover the electric energy fed back during the electric braking of the vehicle at a speed of 55 km / h, reducing the vehicle operation energy consumption.

[0029] In addition, the energy management unit 2 also has a predictive maintenance function. By analyzing the historical data and real-time status of the battery pack, it predicts the maintenance requirements of the battery, thereby extending the battery life and reducing the failure risk.

[0030] The vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the rail vehicle, reduces the operation cost, and reduces the impact on the environment through intelligent control and energy recovery technologies.

[0031] In order to further improve the power configuration performance of the vehicle, the power system can also adopt a hybrid drive mode of power battery, new energy battery, and super capacitor. The new energy battery serves as the main power source and is responsible for providing the energy required during the whole vehicle traction process; the super capacitor has a high power density and is used to provide the instantaneous peak power demand during startup or acceleration and recover the locomotive electric braking energy; the power battery is used to supplement the traction power demand, assist the new energy battery to start, and recover the electric braking energy.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 which is the schematic diagram of the principle of the vehicle power configuration circuit provided by the present invention.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, the power battery pack includes a first power battery and a second power battery that are redundant to each other.

[0034] To improve the reliability and safety of the power system of rail vehicles, in this embodiment, the power battery pack is designed to include two redundant first power batteries (B1) and second power batteries (B2). Redundant design means that when the first power battery (B1) encounters a fault or performance degradation during operation, the system can seamlessly switch to the second power battery (B2) to continue power supply, thus ensuring the continuous operation of the vehicle. This design significantly improves the fault tolerance of the vehicle's power system. In this embodiment, the capacity and performance parameters of the first power battery (B1) and the second power battery (B2) are designed to be the same to ensure the continuity and stability of power supply during the switching process. The energy management unit 2 is responsible for monitoring the states of the two power batteries and performing switching when necessary. The energy management unit 2 evaluates the states of the two power batteries by comparing their voltages (V1 and V2), currents (I1 and I2), and temperatures (T1 and T2).

[0035] Wherein, S is the battery state; f is a function used to evaluate the state of the battery based on the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery.

[0036] When the state function value of the first power battery (B1) is lower than the preset threshold, the energy management unit 2 will automatically switch to the second power battery (B2).

[0037] In addition, this embodiment also includes a fault diagnosis module for performing a detailed analysis of the first power battery (B1) after switching to determine the cause of the fault and perform necessary maintenance.

[0038] Through this redundant design, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment not only improves the operation reliability of rail vehicles, but also enhances the maintainability and safety of the system through intelligent control and fault diagnosis.

[0039] The two sets of power batteries can be installed on the roof of the same carriage or the roofs of different carriages respectively, and the present invention does not make a special limitation here.

[0040] The power battery can be a lithium titanate battery.

[0041] Of course, the number of power batteries can also be multiple sets, which can be flexibly set according to vehicle selection, and the present invention does not make a special limitation here.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, the new energy battery pack is a hydrogen fuel cell pack.

[0043] In this embodiment, the new energy battery pack can be a hydrogen fuel cell pack. The hydrogen fuel cell pack consists of a fuel cell stack, an air supply system, a hydrogen supply system, a cooling module, an electrical subsystem, etc.

[0044] The electrical energy output of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is related to the hydrogen supply volume, the number of hydrogen fuel cells, and the working efficiency of the cells. Under traction conditions, the hydrogen fuel cell stack works in parallel with the power battery pack to jointly supply power to the traction system of the rail vehicle. The energy management unit 2 dynamically adjusts the output ratio of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the power battery pack according to the real-time load and battery state of the vehicle. Under electric braking conditions, the energy management unit 2 controls the output of the hydrogen fuel cell stack to absorb the excess electrical energy during the energy recovery process, thereby reducing the energy loss during braking. In addition, the hydrogen fuel cell stack can serve as the main power source when the vehicle is parked to supply power to the auxiliary systems of the vehicle, such as air conditioners and lighting.

[0045] The hydrogen fuel cell stack in this embodiment further includes a hydrogen storage and supply module and a cooling module to ensure that the hydrogen fuel cell works at the optimal temperature, improve efficiency, and extend the service life. The hydrogen storage module uses a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen supply pressure is controlled by a pressure regulator to ensure the stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0046] By introducing the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment not only improves the energy utilization efficiency but also reduces the carbon emissions of the rail vehicle, which conforms to the concept of sustainable development. At the same time, the high energy density and fast response characteristics of the hydrogen fuel cell stack provide more flexible and reliable power support for the rail vehicle.

[0047] The hydrogen fuel cell stack and the energy management unit 2 can be installed on the roof of car M1, and the energy management unit 2 uniformly manages the energy of the power battery and the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0048] The hydrogen fuel cell can select a fuel cell system with a rated power of 150 kW.

[0049] The hydrogen fuel cell stack can be arranged on the roof of the same car as the power battery pack or on the roofs of different cars, and the present invention does not make a special limitation here.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, it further includes a gear selection switch; the gear selection switch is arranged between the power supply unit 1 and the traction system, and the gear selection switch includes an operation position, a maintenance position, and a depot use position; the operation position is the gear for power supply by the power supply unit 1, the maintenance position is the gear for the maintenance of the rail vehicle, and the depot use position is the gear for power supply by the depot power supply.

[0051] In this embodiment, the vehicle power configuration circuit further includes a gear selection switch. The gear selection switch has three positions: the operation position, the maintenance position, and the depot use position. When the rail vehicle is in operation, the gear selection switch is set to the operation position, and the gear selection switch connects the power supply unit 1 (including the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack) to the traction system to provide the power required for vehicle operation. At this time, both the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment can obtain high-voltage power supply. When the rail vehicle is under maintenance, the gear selection switch is set to the maintenance position, and the gear selection switch disconnects the traction system from the power supply unit 1 to facilitate vehicle maintenance and repair work. At this time, both the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment are in the grounded state to protect the personal safety of maintenance personnel. At this time, the vehicle does not obtain power from the power supply unit 1 to ensure safety. When the rail vehicle is under commissioning, the gear selection switch is set to the depot use position, and the gear selection switch connects the depot power supply to the traction system for charging the vehicle in the depot or performing other operations using the depot power supply. At this time, the high-speed circuit breaker will be controlled to disconnect, isolating the traction converter, but keeping the auxiliary equipment obtaining high-voltage power for commissioning use.

[0052] The gear selection switch can be arranged in the high-voltage box, and the present invention does not make special limitations here.

[0053] The design of the gear selection switch also takes into account the requirements of automation and remote control, and can communicate with other systems of the vehicle (such as the train control and monitoring system) through the vehicle network to achieve automatic control.

[0054] In addition, the gear selection switch is also equipped with a status indicator light and a sound prompt to remind the operator of the current gear position. When switching between the operation position and the depot use position, the system will perform a safety check to ensure that no danger will be caused to the vehicle or the operator during the switching process.

[0055] Through this design, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment not only improves the operation efficiency of the rail vehicle, but also enhances the adaptability and safety of the vehicle under different working conditions. The introduction of the gear selection switch makes the power management of the vehicle more flexible and reliable, and also provides convenience for vehicle maintenance and repair.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, it further includes a circuit protection unit; the circuit protection unit is arranged between the power supply unit 1 and the traction system and is used to disconnect the power supply of the power supply unit 1 to the traction system when the supply current is greater than the preset current value.

[0057] To ensure the safety and reliability of the rail vehicle under abnormal current conditions, in this embodiment, the circuit protection unit is a key safety component in the vehicle power configuration circuit. It monitors the current between the power supply unit 1 and the traction system to prevent damage caused by overload or short circuit.

[0058] The circuit protection unit includes a current sensor, a control logic module, and a circuit breaker. The current sensor monitors the supply current in real time and compares it with a preset current value. The control logic module determines whether to trigger the circuit breaker based on the feedback signal from the current sensor. When it detects that the supply current exceeds the preset current value, the control logic module activates the circuit breaker, thereby disconnecting the power supply from the power supply unit 1 to the traction system.

[0059] To improve the accuracy and response speed of protection, the circuit protection unit also integrates a fast response mechanism. At the moment of detecting abnormal current, the fast response mechanism can quickly cut off the current, reducing potential damage to the traction system and the power supply unit 1. In addition, the circuit protection unit also has a self-check function, regularly checking the status of its components to ensure that the protection function is always in an effective state.

[0060] The preset current value is comprehensively determined based on the maximum safe operating current of the traction system and the output capacity of the power supply unit 1.

[0061] The circuit protection unit is also connected to the energy management unit 2. After the power supply is disconnected, the energy management unit 2 will re-evaluate the power distribution strategy to ensure that the vehicle can continue to operate on the premise of safety. In addition, the disconnection action of the circuit protection unit will trigger the warning module to notify the driver or maintenance personnel for inspection and maintenance.

[0062] The circuit protection unit can be set in the high-voltage box, and the present invention does not make special limitations here.

[0063] In this embodiment, by introducing the circuit protection unit, while improving the safety of the vehicle power configuration circuit, the stability and reliability of the system are also enhanced. This design is of great significance for preventing equipment damage and safety accidents caused by abnormal current.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the circuit protection unit includes a fuse or a circuit breaker.

[0065] In this embodiment, the circuit protection unit can use a fuse or a circuit breaker as a protection element. These two protection elements play an overcurrent protection role in the circuit and can quickly cut off the current when the current abnormally rises, protecting the circuit from damage.

[0066] The fuse contains a fuse wire, and its rated current value is set slightly higher than the normal operating current of the traction system. When the current exceeds the rated value of the fuse wire, the fuse wire will melt due to overheating, thereby cutting off the current.

[0067] The circuit breaker is an automatic switch that can automatically disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds the preset value. The circuit breaker usually contains an electromagnet. When the current exceeds the preset value, the electromagnet will attract the contacts of the circuit breaker to disconnect the circuit.

[0068] In addition, the selection of the fuse or circuit breaker is determined according to the specific requirements of the vehicle and the characteristics of the power supply unit 1. For example, if the vehicle needs to resume operation quickly after a circuit protection action, a circuit breaker may be selected because it can be reset manually or automatically; if the vehicle's power supply system is relatively simple and cost-sensitive, a fuse may be selected because it has a lower cost and is easy to replace.

[0069] In this embodiment, fuses are corresponding to the passenger compartment air conditioner and the auxiliary inverter, and a circuit breaker is corresponding to the traction inverter. The number of fuses and circuit breakers can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and the present invention does not make specific limitations here.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, the energy management unit 2 is specifically configured to control the output energy of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack according to the electrical equipment of the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment; control the power consumption indicators of the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment according to the electric energy that the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack can provide; The power configuration on which the capacity of the power supply unit is based is as follows: Under the traction condition: P 动力电池放电 +P 氢燃料电池 ≥P 牵引 +P 辅助 ; Under the braking condition: P 动力电池充电 +P 辅助 ≥P 氢燃料电池 +P 牵引电制动 ; Among them, P 动力电池放电 is the power of the power battery discharging, P 氢燃料电池 is the power of the hydrogen fuel cell discharging, P 牵引 is the power of the traction equipment, P 辅助 is the power of the auxiliary equipment, P 动力电池充电 is the power of the power battery charging, P 牵引电制动 is the power of the traction system's electric braking.

[0071] In this embodiment, the energy management unit 2 is the core of the vehicle power configuration circuit and is responsible for intelligently controlling the output energy of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack (such as a hydrogen fuel cell pack) according to the power consumption requirements of the traction equipment and auxiliary equipment. Under traction conditions, the energy management unit 2 ensures that the total discharge power of the power battery pack and the hydrogen fuel cell pack can meet the power requirements of the traction equipment and auxiliary equipment. Under braking conditions, the energy management unit 2 controls the charging power of the power battery pack and the power of the auxiliary equipment to ensure that the total power of the hydrogen fuel cell pack and the electric braking of the traction system can be handled. The energy management unit 2 dynamically adjusts the power distribution by real-time monitoring the power requirements of each device and the state of the battery pack. For example, if the traction equipment needs more power when going uphill, the energy management unit 2 will increase the discharge power of the power battery pack and reduce the discharge power of the hydrogen fuel cell pack to maintain the balance of the total power output. The energy management unit 2 also takes into account the charge state of the battery pack to avoid over-discharge or over-charging, thereby extending the battery life.

[0072] In addition, the energy management unit 2 also has a prediction function and can predict future power requirements based on the vehicle's operation plan and historical data, and adjust the charge and discharge strategies of the battery pack in advance. This predictive management helps to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy waste.

[0073] In terms of energy recovery, the energy management unit 2 optimizes the charging process of the power battery pack during braking to recover as much energy as possible. The energy management unit 2 also decides whether to start the hydrogen fuel cell pack to provide additional electric energy according to the charge state of the battery pack and the expected power requirements.

[0074] Through this refined energy management, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment can ensure that the rail vehicle can operate efficiently and stably under various conditions, while maximizing energy recovery and utilization, and improving the overall performance and economy of the vehicle.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment, the energy management unit 2 includes a fault detection module, and the fault detection module is used to automatically switch to the second power battery in the case of abnormal battery state of the first power battery.

[0076] To ensure the continuous operation of the vehicle, in this embodiment, the fault detection module can monitor the battery state of the first power battery in real time and automatically switch to the second power battery when an abnormality is detected.

[0077] The fault detection module includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, and a state evaluation module. These sensors collect the voltage (V1), current (I1), and temperature (T1) data of the first power battery in real time. The state evaluation module evaluates the state of the battery using a state evaluation algorithm based on this data. When the state function value of the first power battery is lower than a preset threshold, the fault detection module triggers the switching module to automatically switch the power supply from the first power battery to the second power battery. The switching module includes an electronic switch that, under the control of the fault detection module, quickly and smoothly switches the power supply from the first power battery to the second power battery to avoid impacting the traction system.

[0078] In addition, the fault detection module is also connected to the vehicle's central control system. When the switching occurs, it issues a warning to the driver and records the fault information for subsequent analysis. The second power battery is designed to have the same performance parameters as the first power battery to ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply during the switching process.

[0079] The fault detection module in this embodiment also has the ability of self-learning. It can continuously optimize the state evaluation algorithm according to historical data to improve the accuracy and response speed of fault detection. By introducing the fault detection module, the vehicle power configuration circuit in this embodiment has significant advantages in improving the operation reliability and safety of rail vehicles. At the same time, it also provides important information for vehicle maintenance and fault diagnosis.

[0080] As a preferred embodiment, the energy management unit 2 further includes a data acquisition module. The data acquisition module is used to collect data on the battery state and vehicle power consumption and send the collected data to the remote monitoring center.

[0081] In order to achieve real-time monitoring and remote transmission of the battery state and vehicle power consumption data, in this embodiment, the data acquisition module is a key component of the energy management unit 2. It is responsible for collecting the battery state data of the power supply unit 1 and the vehicle power consumption situation and transmitting this data to the remote monitoring center for further analysis and monitoring.

[0082] The data acquisition module includes multiple sensors, such as voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, etc., for real-time monitoring of the voltage (V), current (I), and temperature (T) of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack. In addition, the data acquisition module also monitors the vehicle's power consumption load, such as the power consumption (P) of the traction motor and the energy consumption (E) of the auxiliary system.

[0083] The collected data is transmitted through the vehicle's communication network to the central processing unit of the data acquisition module. This processing unit is responsible for the preliminary processing and encapsulation of the data, and then sends the data to the remote monitoring center through a wireless communication module (such as 4G / 5G or satellite communication). At the remote monitoring center, professional software analyzes the data to evaluate the health status of the battery, predict maintenance requirements, optimize energy management, and improve vehicle operation efficiency.

[0084] The data acquisition module in this embodiment also has a data storage function, which can temporarily store data when the communication is interrupted and resend the data after the communication is restored. In addition, the data acquisition module supports data encryption and secure transmission to ensure the security and integrity of the data during transmission.

[0085] By introducing the data acquisition module, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment not only improves the monitoring ability of the battery state, but also enhances the understanding of the vehicle's power consumption. This design provides strong data support for remote fault diagnosis, predictive maintenance, and energy management, and also lays a foundation for the operation optimization and performance improvement of the vehicle.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment, the power supply unit 1 further includes a cooling module, which is used to adjust the temperature of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack.

[0087] In order to ensure that the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack work within the optimal temperature range, in this embodiment, the cooling module is crucial for improving the battery performance, extending the battery life, and ensuring the reliability of the vehicle power system.

[0088] The cooling module includes a temperature sensor and a cooling system. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature (T) of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack in real time. When it detects that the battery temperature is higher than the preset temperature range, the cooling module will automatically start or stop the cooling system. The preset temperature range is determined according to the optimal operating temperature of the battery.

[0089] For example: The cooling system may include a liquid cooling circuit, a fan, or a heat exchanger, which is used to reduce the temperature when the battery temperature exceeds T max .

[0090] In addition, the cooling module also works in coordination with the energy management unit 2 to optimize energy distribution and recovery. During the electric braking process, if the battery temperature is close to T max , the energy management module 2 can adjust the energy recovery strategy to reduce the battery charging rate to avoid overheating.

[0091] The cooling module also has an intelligent control algorithm, which can predictively adjust the temperature according to the vehicle's operating state, ambient temperature, and battery usage pattern. This predictive control can reduce energy consumption and improve the thermal management efficiency.

[0092] The cooling module in this embodiment also takes into account the system's integration and compactness, and is designed to be easily installed in the limited space of the vehicle. The material selection and design of the module ensure durability and reliability under various environmental conditions.

[0093] By introducing the cooling module, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment can ensure that the battery pack can maintain the optimal operating temperature under various working conditions, thereby improving the performance and lifespan of the battery, and at the same time enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire power system. This design is of great significance for improving the energy efficiency and operating safety of rail vehicles.

[0094] As a preferred embodiment, when the power supply unit 1 is in a power-deficient state, it is charged by the ground charging station for the power supply unit 1.

[0095] Considering that in actual operation, the power supply unit 1 of the rail vehicle may enter a power-deficient state due to long-term operation or insufficient energy recovery. To ensure the normal operation of the vehicle and the lifespan of the power supply unit 1, in this embodiment, when the rail vehicle is docked, the ground charging station can charge the power supply unit 1 (two power batteries) through the charging socket of the power supply unit 1. The two charging sockets are located on both sides of the vehicle for easy operation. Of course, the number and installation position of the charging sockets can be flexibly set according to the vehicle model, and the present invention does not make special limitations here.

[0096] The ground charging station is equipped with efficient charging equipment, which can communicate with the power supply unit 1 in the vehicle power configuration circuit to determine the charging demand and charging rate. In the power-deficient state, the charging process of the power supply unit 1 can be calculated by the following formula: Where, is the energy stored during the charging process, is the power provided by the charging station, is the charging time, is the charging efficiency.

[0097] During the charging process, the intelligent control system of the ground charging station will monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of the power supply unit 1 to ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging process. The charging station will also adjust the charging strategy according to the type of the power supply unit 1 to adapt to the characteristics of different batteries.

[0098] In addition, the ground charging station in this embodiment also has remote monitoring and scheduling functions, and can communicate with the vehicle's central control system to coordinate the charging time and sequence, so as to optimize the use efficiency of the charging station and the operation plan of the vehicle.

[0099] In the power-deficient state, the energy management unit 2 in the vehicle power configuration circuit will preferentially use the auxiliary power supply or the garage power supply to reduce the dependence on the power supply unit 1 until the charging process is completed. After the charging is completed, the power supply unit 1 will return to the full-charge state to ensure that the vehicle can continue to operate efficiently and reliably.

[0100] By introducing the ground charging station, the vehicle power configuration circuit of this embodiment not only improves the energy replenishment ability of the rail vehicle, but also enhances the flexibility and reliability of the system. This design is of great significance for improving the operation efficiency of the rail vehicle and ensuring the healthy state of the power supply unit 1.

[0101] The vehicle power supply system provided by the present invention will be described below. The vehicle power supply system described below can be mutually corresponding and referred to the vehicle power configuration circuit described above.

[0102] The present invention also provides a vehicle power supply system, including the above-mentioned vehicle power configuration circuit.

[0103] The rail vehicle provided by the present invention will be described below. The rail vehicle described below can be mutually corresponding and referred to the vehicle power configuration circuit described above.

[0104] The present invention also provides a rail vehicle, including the above-mentioned vehicle power supply system.

[0105] The rail vehicle of the present invention introduces a vehicle power configuration circuit with a built-in power supply. This innovative design completely liberates the vehicle from the dependence on the traditional pantograph or current collector power supply method. Through the carefully designed current management strategy, the negative pole of the vehicle's current is guided back to the on-vehicle power supply system instead of the rail in the traditional way. This improvement significantly reduces the demand for electrified infrastructure such as the rail side return line and the catenary, thereby reducing the construction and maintenance costs of related facilities, and at the same time reducing the burden on the existing rail infrastructure.

[0106] In addition, the rail vehicle of the present invention is equipped with multiple sets of power supply devices to achieve redundant configuration of the power system. This redundant design not only improves the reliability of the vehicle, ensuring that when one set of power supply devices fails, other devices can seamlessly take over and continue to provide power for the vehicle, but also significantly increases the vehicle's cruising range. By optimizing energy management and power distribution, the vehicle can achieve longer autonomous operation without relying on external power, which is of great significance for improving operation efficiency and flexibility, and opens up new possibilities for the future development of rail vehicles.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle power configuration circuit, characterized in that: Applied to rail vehicles, the circuit includes a power supply unit and an energy management unit; the power supply unit includes a power battery pack and a new energy battery pack; When the rail vehicle is in a traction condition, the power supply unit is used to supply power to the traction system of the rail vehicle; The energy management unit is used to monitor the battery status of the power supply unit and dynamically adjust the power distribution according to the real-time battery status and the dynamic demand for vehicle power consumption; When the rail vehicle is in an electric braking state, the energy management unit is used to control the energy storage capacity of the power supply unit so that the power supply unit recovers the electric energy generated by braking the rail vehicle.

2. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power battery pack includes a first power battery and a second power battery which are redundant with each other.

3. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new energy battery pack is a hydrogen fuel cell pack.

4. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a gear selection switch; the gear selection switch is arranged between the power supply unit and the traction system, and the gear selection switch includes an operating position, a maintenance position and a storage position; the operating position is a gear position powered by the power supply unit, the maintenance position is a gear position for maintenance of the rail vehicle, and the storage position is a gear position powered by a garage power supply.

5. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a circuit protection unit; the circuit protection unit is arranged between the power supply unit and the traction system, and is used to disconnect the power supply from the power supply unit to the traction system when the power supply current is greater than a preset current value.

6. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circuit protection unit includes a fuse or a circuit breaker.

7. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management unit is specifically used to control the output energy of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack according to the electrical equipment of the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment; and control the power consumption index of the traction equipment and the auxiliary equipment according to the electrical energy that can be provided by the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack; The capacity of the power supply unit is based on the power configuration: In traction condition: P 动力电池放电 +P 氢燃料电池 ≥P 牵引 +P 辅助 ; Under braking condition: P 动力电池充电 +P 辅助 ≥P 氢燃料电池 +P 牵引电制动 ; Among them, P 动力电池放电 is the power discharged from the power battery, P 氢燃料电池 is the power discharged by the hydrogen fuel cell, P 牵引 is the power of the traction equipment, P 辅助 is the power of the auxiliary equipment, P 动力电池充电 The power used to charge the battery, P 牵引电制动 It is the power of electric braking of the traction system.

8. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy management unit includes a fault detection module, and the fault detection module is used to automatically switch to the second power battery when the battery state of the first power battery is abnormal.

9. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management unit also includes a data acquisition module, which is used to collect data on the battery status and vehicle power consumption, and send the collected data to a train control monitoring system.

10. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply unit further includes a cooling module, which is used to adjust the temperature of the power battery pack and the new energy battery pack.

11. The vehicle power configuration circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: When the power supply unit is in a power-deficient state, the power supply unit is charged through a ground charging station.

12. A vehicle power supply system, characterized in that: A vehicle power configuration circuit comprising the vehicle power configuration circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

13. A rail vehicle, characterized in that: A vehicle power supply system comprising the vehicle power supply system as claimed in claim 12.

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