A composite biological base suspension purification system based on a near-natural water ecological concept

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of composite biological base suspended purification systems based on near natural water ecological concept, belong to water ecological diversity restoration technical field.The system is composed of emergent plant ecological design module, biological base suspended core, microbial cultivation bed, intelligent underwater oxygenation aeration module, artificial ecological fish reef and submerged plant planting module.Biological base suspended core adopts four-layer gradient composite structure, including polyester fiber filler layer, activated carbon fiber sponge layer and palm silk biological base layer, realize physical adsorption, chemical degradation and biological metabolism synergistic purification.Intelligent aeration module is linked through multi-parameter sensor and fuzzy PID algorithm dynamically controls aeration intensity, oxygen transfer efficiency is greater than or equal to 35%.The application is coupled by the aperture gradient distribution (80%-92% porosity) of four-layer gradient biological base suspended core and the dynamic response threshold of fuzzy PID algorithm, for the first time realizes the collaborative optimization of carrier structure parameters and control system parameters.The innovation technology not only improves the stability and diversity of ecological system, but also strengthens the natural purification capacity of water body, provides a new idea for water environment protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water ecological restoration technology, specifically to a composite bio-based suspended purification system based on the concept of near-natural water ecology. Background Technology

[0002] Current ecological water treatment technologies are mainly divided into three categories: physical, chemical, and biological. Physical methods mainly include mechanical filtration, adsorption, aeration and reoxygenation, and sedimentation / flotation, which can quickly remove suspended solids (SS removal rate >90%) without chemical residue. However, they are basically ineffective against dissolved pollutants and have high operating costs (e.g., activated carbon replacement cost reaches 500-800 yuan / m³). 3 The physical methods suffer from significant drawbacks, including low annual maintenance requirements (requiring backflushing 1-2 times per week) and susceptibility to scaling (leading to a 30% decrease in efficiency). These limitations severely restrict the effectiveness of physical methods in deep water treatment, necessitating their combination with biological or chemical technologies to enhance overall treatment efficiency.

[0003] Chemical methods mainly include chemical precipitation (such as aluminum / iron salt phosphorus removal), oxidation-reduction (ozone, persulfate), and electrochemical treatment. While these methods can efficiently remove specific pollutants (total phosphorus removal rate >95%, COD removal rate 50%-70%), they generally suffer from inherent drawbacks such as large amounts of chemical sludge (increasing treatment costs by 30%), potential disruption of ecological balance due to reagent residues (e.g., ozone half-life <15 minutes), and significant pH-dependent effects (efficiency decreases by 40% when pH exceeds 6-8). These secondary pollution risks and operational sensitivity make chemical methods insufficient to meet the needs of sustainable aquatic ecosystem restoration on their own. They typically require combination with physical or biological technologies to achieve safer and more economical integrated treatment outcomes.

[0004] Biological methods mainly include activated sludge processes, biofilm processes (such as MBR and MBBR), and ecological engineering technologies (constructed wetlands and ecological floating islands). These technologies utilize microbial metabolism and plant uptake to remove pollutants (activated sludge processes have a nitrogen removal efficiency of 60-80%), and have advantages such as low operating costs and eco-friendliness. However, they still face key bottlenecks such as poor microbial community stability (activity decreases by 70% at low temperatures), treatment efficiency being significantly affected by the season (constructed wetlands have a 50% efficiency decrease in winter), and traditional ecological floating islands having limited functionality (TN removal rate <60%). There is an urgent need to improve treatment efficiency and system stability through technological breakthroughs such as microbial-plant synergistic enhancement and intelligent regulation.

[0005] In recent years, although some studies have attempted to improve water purification by optimizing the structure of biological carriers, enhancing aeration efficiency, or improving plant configuration, existing technologies generally suffer from prominent problems such as simplistic control methods, excessive energy consumption, and poor synergy with the ecosystem. Traditional aeration equipment often operates on a timed or fixed-intensity mode, failing to dynamically respond to changes in water quality. This results in a severe mismatch between dissolved oxygen supply and actual demand, leading to energy waste (energy consumption accounts for over 60% of total operating costs) and difficulty in maintaining optimal microbial activity. Some studies have attempted to introduce simple sensor control, but due to the lack of multi-parameter collaborative analysis and intelligent algorithm support, the improvement in aeration efficiency is limited (oxygen transfer efficiency is generally below 25%).

[0006] This invention presents an intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module that achieves a technological leap through three major innovative breakthroughs: First, it employs a micro-water quality sensor array (DO, NH3-N, ORP, pH, turbidity) to monitor the water quality in the core purification area in real time. Combined with a fuzzy PID algorithm on an edge computing controller, it achieves precise matching between dissolved oxygen supply and microbial metabolic needs (response time <10 seconds). Second, the innovatively designed gradient pore size nano-aeration disc (bubble diameter 50-80μm) combined with a variable frequency air pump (power 50-300W stepless adjustment) enables an oxygen transfer efficiency of over 35%, a 2.1-fold improvement over traditional equipment. More importantly, the module uses an AI prediction model (LSTM neural network) to predict water quality trends over the next 6-12 hours, adjusting the aeration strategy in advance and reducing ineffective aeration time by 20%-40%. Combined with a solar power system (conversion efficiency ≥22%), it further reduces energy consumption. Actual engineering verification shows that this intelligent module maintains an NH3-N removal rate >95% while reducing unit treatment energy consumption to 0.3kWh / m³. 3 It saves more than 40% energy compared to traditional aeration technology, and truly achieves the synergistic optimization of "precise oxygen supply - high-efficiency conversion - low-carbon operation". Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention overcomes the aforementioned technical bottlenecks through a coupled design of a four-layer gradient bio-based suspended core and an intelligent dynamic aeration system. For the first time, it achieves: Carrier-Control Co-optimization: Precisely matching the pore gradient (80%-92%) of the bio-based suspended core with the dynamic response thresholds of the fuzzy PID algorithm (DO 3mg / L, NH3-N 0.5mg / L), increasing denitrification efficiency to 89% (vs. traditional 62%); Enhanced Microbubble-Macropore Mass Transfer: A 6-10:1 ratio design of nano-aeration discs (bubble diameter 50-80μm) and palm fiber layer pore size (0.5-5mm) achieves oxygen transfer efficiency of 35% (industry average 18%); Self-Organized Ecosystem Construction: Emergent plants (C3 / C4 hybrid) - submerged plants (Vallisneria natans) - microbial film (EPS secretion +67%) - artificial reef (3D printed honeycomb structure) form a four-level ecological niche, increasing biodiversity by 2.5 times.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A composite bio-based suspended purification system based on the concept of near-natural aquatic ecology includes: an emergent plant ecological design module, configured with Thalia dealbata, reeds, and umbrella sedge; a bio-based suspended core, composed of PET polymer material, high-density 3D soft material, and plant fiber; a microbial cultivation bed for cultivating nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms; an intelligent underwater aeration module, including a micro water quality sensor, an intelligent computing unit, an aeration unit, and an energy storage unit; an artificial ecological reef, using a 3D-printed honeycomb structure; a submerged plant planting module, planted with Vallisneria natans and Myriophyllum spicatum; and a fixing ecological hemp rope for system fixation.

[0009] The bio-based suspended core consists of four layers from top to bottom: the first and fourth layers are polyester fiber fillers with a porosity of 85% ± 2%; the second layer is an activated carbon fiber sponge layer with a specific surface area ≥ 1280 m². 2 / g, it quickly captures suspended particles, colloidal substances and organic pollutants in water through physical adsorption, and fixes heavy metals and phosphates through chemical adsorption, while providing attachment space for nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria to form a stable biofilm; the third layer is a palm fiber biological substrate, which is used to meet the needs of microbial film formation, while providing three-dimensional space for plant root development and animal habitat.

[0010] The bio-based suspended core has a transition layer between the activated carbon fiber sponge layer and the palm fiber bio-base layer. This transition layer is composed of nano-hydroxyapatite modified biochar and polylactic acid fiber interwoven together. When the ratio of the pore diameter of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer to the diameter of the aeration bubbles is controlled at 1.2-1.8, the denitrification efficiency of the system is >89%.

[0011] The fourth layer of polyester fiber filler in the bio-based suspended core is grafted with carboxyl and amino functional groups, which enhances the adhesion strength of the microbial film through electrostatic interaction, resulting in a biofilm detachment rate of <10%.

[0012] The intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module control algorithm adopts a multi-parameter coupled feedback mechanism, specifically including: Dissolved oxygen (DO) priority control: when DO < 3 mg / L, aeration is started, and the air pump power is adjusted according to the DO recovery rate; Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) synergistic control: when NH3-N > 0.5 mg / L, the aeration intensity is increased by 15%-20% to promote nitrification; Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) compensation: when ORP < -100 mV, the aeration volume is increased by 30% to inhibit anaerobic bacteria from producing methanogens and hydrogen sulfide; pH adaptive adjustment: when pH < 6.5 or > 8.5, the aeration strategy is adjusted to avoid a decrease in microbial activity.

[0013] Preferably, the pore size of the third layer of the bio-based suspended core, the palm fiber bio-base layer, is 0.5-5mm, and the ratio of the diameter of the bubbles in the nano-aeration disc of the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module is 6-10:1, forming a microbubble-macro-channel coupled mass transfer channel. When the ratio of the pore diameter of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer to the diameter of the aeration bubbles is controlled at 1.2-1.8, the denitrification efficiency of the system is >89%.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent underwater aeration module includes: a micro water quality sensor array to detect dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, oxidation-reduction potential, and pH value; a nano-aeration disc with a bubble diameter of 50-80 μm; a variable frequency air pump with an adjustable power range of 50-300W; and an edge computing control unit that achieves dynamic adjustment based on a fuzzy PID algorithm. The pore size distribution of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer satisfies the following condition: when the intelligent underwater aeration module outputs bubble diameters of 50-80 μm, the ratio of the pore diameter d of the packing layer to the bubble diameter D is d / D = 1.2-1.8, resulting in a bubble breakage rate ≥70% in the packing material and an increase in gas-liquid contact area of ​​2.3 times compared to conventional packing materials.

[0015] Preferably, the system in the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module further includes a solar power supply module connected to the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module, with a solar panel conversion efficiency of ≥22% and an energy storage battery capacity of ≥200Wh, for achieving energy self-sufficiency.

[0016] Preferably, the root secretions of the submerged plant planting module increase the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofilm by 67%, which, in synergy with the nano-hydroxyapatite in the transition layer, increases the total phosphorus removal rate by 14%.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a composite bio-based suspended purification system based on the concept of near-natural aquatic ecology, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. Highly efficient synergistic purification: A four-layer gradient bio-based suspended core achieves a triple synergistic effect of physical adsorption, chemical degradation, and biological metabolism, resulting in nitrogen removal efficiency >90%, phosphorus removal efficiency >92%, and COD degradation efficiency reaching 30g / (m³). 2 •d), establish the golden ratio d / D=1.2-1.8 between bubble diameter (D) and packing pore diameter (d), which increases the gas-liquid contact area by 2.3 times and achieves a peak denitrification efficiency of 89%. The combination of nano-hydroxyapatite modified biochar transition layer and carboxyl / amino dual modified polyester fiber reduces the biofilm shedding rate from the industry average of 35% to <10%.

[0020] 2. Intelligent and precise control: The intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module uses multi-parameter sensors for real-time monitoring and combines fuzzy PID algorithm to achieve dynamic adjustment of aeration intensity, with oxygen transfer efficiency ≥35%, which is 2.1 times higher than traditional equipment and energy consumption is reduced by more than 40%.

[0021] 3. Enhanced biodiversity: Constructing a complete food chain of "plants-microorganisms-fish" increases biodiversity by 2.5 times and can attract more than 15 types of wild animals to inhabit the area.

[0022] 4. Energy-saving and environmentally friendly characteristics: Utilizing solar power (conversion efficiency ≥22%) and bio-based materials (78% proportion), the unit processing energy consumption is ≤0.3kWh / m³. 3 Its service life is 8-10 years.

[0023] 5. Wide Applicability: Suitable for ecological restoration of various water bodies such as lakes, rivers, and industrial wastewater. Installation and maintenance are simple, and operation is stable and reliable. This technology breaks through the limitations of traditional ecological floating islands with their singular function, and for the first time systematically integrates elements such as intelligent aeration control, multi-level biofilm cultivation, and food chain reconstruction to form a near-natural aquatic ecological restoration system with self-regulating capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite bio-based suspended purification system of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the bio-based suspended core in the composite bio-based suspended purification system of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the intelligent underwater oxygenation module of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater design module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] A composite bio-based suspended purification system based on the concept of near-natural aquatic ecology is characterized by comprising the following core modules:

[0029] Emergent Plant Ecological Design Module 1: A 3:1 ratio of C4 plants (Thalia dealbata, Umbrella grass) to C3 plants (Reed) is configured, with Umbrella grass having fibrous roots (specific surface area 320m²). 2 / g) forms a three-dimensional absorption network with the taproot of reeds (1.5m deep), with a TP adsorption capacity of up to 45mg / m 2 / d is used to optimize photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity.

[0030] Bio-based suspended core 2: a four-layer gradient structure (polyester fiber layer + activated carbon fiber sponge layer + palm fiber layer) is used to intercept suspended matter, adsorb heavy metals, and cultivate into a biofilm.

[0031] Microbial culture bed 3: Microbial community configuration: Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas 30% + Nitrobacter 25%) + Denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas 20%) + Polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria (Accumulibacter 15%). Culture conditions: DO gradient control (0.5-4 mg / L), pH adaptive adjustment (6.5-8.5). Metabolic efficiency: Nitrification rate 3.8 mg / (L·h) (at 20℃), denitrification carbon source utilization increased by 40% (C / N ratio optimized to 5:1).

[0032] Intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module 4: includes a miniature water quality sensor unit, an aeration unit, an intelligent algorithm unit, and an energy storage unit.

[0033] The miniature water quality sensor unit, with a six-parameter miniature probe (DO±0.1mg / L, NH3-N±0.05mg / L, ORP±5mV), is used to monitor multiple data indicators in the water body in real time and transmit the data to the intelligent algorithm unit.

[0034] Intelligent algorithm unit: used to receive sampled data, analyze and process the data, predict and regulate to dynamically generate the optimal aeration scheme, and output PWM speed regulation signal.

[0035] Aeration unit: Used to execute responses.

[0036] Energy storage unit: used for system power management and distribution.

[0037] Artificial ecological reef 5: 3D printed PHA material promotes bio-attachment;

[0038] Submerged plant planting module 6: Vallisneria natans + Myriophyllum spicatum hybrid; purification efficiency: root oxygen secretion 2.4gO2 / (m 2 •d) (Promotes sediment mineralization) Allelochemicals (phenolic acids) inhibit algal growth (Chl-a reduction rate 83%).

[0039] Fixed Eco-friendly Hemp Rope 7: Polypropylene matrix + hydrophobic nano-coating (contact angle ≥150°), tensile strength ≥150MPa, UV aging resistance >8 years

[0040] Preferably, the bio-based suspended core adopts a gradient composite structure, comprising: layers 1 and 4 being polyester fiber filler layers with a tensile strength ≥120MPa and a porosity of 83%-87%, possessing microbial carrier function and anti-aging properties; and layer 2 being an activated carbon fiber sponge layer with a specific surface area of ​​1280m². 2 / g, porosity 92%-95%, phosphorus adsorption capacity 45.2mg / g; the third layer is a palm fiber bio-based mesh layer with a porosity of 76% to 78% and a pore size of 0.5mm-5mm. A transition layer is provided between the carbon fiber sponge layer and the palm fiber bio-based layer. This transition layer is composed of nano-hydroxyapatite modified biochar (particle size 50nm-200nm) and polylactic acid fiber interwoven.

[0041] Preferably, the preparation method of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer includes: carbonizing viscose-based fibers at 600°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours, activating with KOH (impregnation ratio 1:3) at 850°C for 1.5 hours, and determining that the surface oxygen-containing functional groups account for 12.6% as detected by XPS.

[0042] Preferably, the modified nano-hydroxyapatite is prepared by a method comprising: loading hydroxyapatite onto biochar using a co-precipitation method; TEM observation showing an average nanoparticle size of 85±12 nm; and XRD analysis showing a crystallinity index (CI) of 0.92.

[0043] Preferably, the biochar composite process includes the following preparation method: using an electrostatic self-assembly method, three layers of positively charged chitosan (1 wt%) and negatively charged hydroxyapatite (Zeta potential -35 mV) are alternately deposited, resulting in a composite material with a specific surface area of ​​812 m². 2 / g (N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm determination)

[0044] Preferably, the miniature water quality sensor unit is fixed below the bio-based suspended core 2, with a set of six-parameter sensors configured every five square meters. It adopts a bio-adhesion-resistant probe (with automatic brushing function) and is connected to the edge computing controller through a waterproof cable. It is used for: synchronous acquisition of multiple parameters (DO, NH3-N, ORP, turbidity, temperature); data preprocessing (temperature compensation, outlier removal); and data transmission (upload to the computing unit).

[0045] Preferably, the intelligent algorithm unit control strategy is as follows:

[0046] (1) When the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is detected to be in the range of 3-5 mg / L, a basic aeration control strategy shall be adopted:

[0047] Current aeration rate = Base aeration rate × [1 + 0.2 × (5 - Current DO value)]

[0048] For every 1 mg / L decrease in DO, the aeration rate increases by 20% to achieve oxygen deficit compensation.

[0049] (2) When DO is below 3 mg / L, the enhanced control is triggered: the range of gas volume increase is determined based on the NH3-N concentration. If DO is improved, the standby gas pump is started and the audible and visual alarm is triggered.

[0050] (3) Predictive response: Input historical 4-hour data, calculate through a 3-layer neural network, output the DO change curve for the next 6 hours, the early warning response threshold, and automatically adjust the carbon-oxygen ratio by increasing oxygen.

[0051] (4) Synergistic response: Based on the characteristics of ORP, three aeration strategies are selected: intermittent aeration, maintaining basic air volume, and pulse aeration.

[0052] Preferably, the aeration device in the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module 4 consists of a nanoporous aeration disc and a variable frequency air pump; the nanoporous aeration disc is evenly distributed below the microbial cultivation bed 3, 10cm-20cm away from the bottom of the bed, and is connected by a UPVC pipe, arranged in a grid pattern; the variable frequency air pump is installed in an onshore equipment box and connected to the underwater aeration pipe through a pressure-resistant hose.

[0053] Preferably, the aeration device has three modes: basic aeration: 30% power, enhanced aeration: 70% power, and emergency aeration: 100% + backup air pump start-up.

[0054]

[0055] Preferably, the intelligent computing controller in the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module 4 is fixed in a control box on shore and supports remote transmission.

[0056] Preferably, the ecosystem includes a support frame for installing solar panels within the emergent plant ecological module.

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a composite bio-based suspended purification system based on the concept of near-natural aquatic ecology, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0059] Example 1: Comparison of Structural Optimization of Bio-based Suspended Core 2

[0060] Control group: Traditional single-layer biological packing material (polypropylene fiber, porosity 85%)

[0061] Experimental group: The four-layer gradient bio-based suspension core of this invention 2

[0062] Test conditions: Same water quality (TN=5mg / L, TP=0.8mg / L, COD=60mg / L), consistent aeration rate.

[0063] result:

[0064]

[0065] Conclusion: The pore size gradient design of the activated carbon fiber layer (adsorbing heavy metals) and the palm fiber layer (microbial habitat) enables pollutants to be degraded step by step. At the same time, the transition layer of nano-hydroxyapatite and the root secretions of Vallisneria natans synergistically enhance TP adsorption.

[0066] Example 2: Performance Comparison of Intelligent Aeration Algorithms

[0067] Control group: Timed aeration (fixed power 200W, on / off time 1:1) Experimental group: Fuzzy PID dynamic aeration Test conditions: 24-hour simulated water quality fluctuations (DO 2-6mg / L, NH3-N 0.3-1.2mg / L) Results:

[0068]

[0069] Conclusion: The aeration intensity is dynamically matched by a multi-parameter sensor and a fuzzy PID algorithm. Combined with the bubble diameter (50-80μm) of the nano-aeration disc and the porosity ratio of the packing (1.2-1.8), the gas-liquid mass transfer is optimized.

[0070] Example 3: Verification of the combined effect of ecological modules

[0071] Control group: Emergent plant module only (reed + umbrella grass) Experimental group: Full system combination (emergent plants + submerged plants + artificial reef + suspended core) Test conditions: Eutrophic lake (initial Chl-a = 50 μg / L) Results:

[0072]

[0073] Conclusion: Submerged plants (Vallisneria natans) secrete allelochemicals to inhibit algae growth, while artificial reefs provide habitat for organisms, forming a complete food chain with the suspended core biofilm.

[0074] Example 4: Verification of Material-Control Parameter Coupling

[0075] Control group: Conventional aeration (bubble diameter 120μm) + ordinary packing material experimental group

[0076] Test conditions for nano-aeration (bubble diameter 60μm) + gradient suspension core (d / D=1.5):

[0077] Results for high ammonia nitrogen wastewater (NH3-N=15mg / L):

[0078]

[0079] Conclusion: A pore diameter to bubble diameter ratio of 1.2-1.8 ensures that the bubbles are fully broken up in the packing material, thereby increasing the gas-liquid contact area.

[0080] Example 5: Low-Temperature Environment Adaptability Verification

[0081] Control group: Traditional biofilm packing material (polyethylene) + fixed aeration experimental group

[0082] Test conditions for the system of this invention (carboxyl / amino modified polyester fiber layer + intelligent aeration)

[0083] Result: Winter water temperature 5-8℃, influent COD=80mg / L, NH3-N=8mg / L

[0084]

[0085] Conclusion: Carboxyl / amino modified fiber layer enhances low-temperature microbial attachment, resulting in a biofilm detachment rate of <10% (vs. 35% in the control group); the intelligent underwater aeration module 4 automatically increases aeration by 30% at low temperatures based on the ORP compensation strategy, maintaining nitrifying bacteria activity.

[0086] Example 6: Comparison of Impact Load Resistance

[0087] Control group: Ordinary ecological floating islands (without intelligent control)

[0088] Experimental group: The entire system of this invention (including the LSTM prediction model)

[0089] Test conditions: Simulated storm runoff impact (instantaneous COD rises from 50 mg / L to 200 mg / L)

[0090] result:

[0091]

[0092] Conclusion: The LSTM model predicts load shocks 6 hours in advance, triggering an emergency aeration mode; activated carbon fiber layer (specific surface area 1280 m²) 2 ( / g) rapidly adsorbs sudden pollutants, providing a buffer time for microbial degradation.

[0093] Example 7: Rainstorm Impact Simulation Test

[0094] Control strategy comparison: Traditional PID control: aeration volume is increased by 50%; Predictive control of this invention: emergency mode is activated 30 minutes in advance.

[0095]

[0096] Summary table of key process parameters

[0097]

[0098] The above supplementary content, through specific process parameters, mathematical models, experimental data, and comparative tests, fully presents the core technical details of this invention, complying with the principle of full disclosure required by patent law while retaining confidentiality regarding key processes. All data comes from actual experimental verification and supports the broad scope of protection of the claims.

[0099] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite bio-based suspended purification system based on the concept of near-natural aquatic ecology, characterized in that: include: Emergent plant ecological design module (1), equipped with Thalia dealbata, reeds and umbrella sedge; bio-based suspended core (2), composed of PET polymer material, high-density 3D soft material and plant fiber composite; microbial cultivation bed (3), used to cultivate nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms; intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module (4), including micro water quality sensor and intelligent computing unit, aeration unit and energy storage unit; artificial ecological reef (5), using 3D printed honeycomb structure; submerged plant planting module (6), planted with Vallisneria natans and Myriophyllum spicatum; fixed ecological hemp rope (7), used for system fixation; The bio-based suspended core (2) consists of four layers from top to bottom: the first and fourth layers are polyester fiber fillers with a porosity of 85% ± 2%; the second layer is an activated carbon fiber sponge layer with a specific surface area ≥ 1280 m². 2 / g, it quickly captures suspended particles, colloidal substances and organic pollutants in water through physical adsorption, and fixes heavy metals and phosphates through chemical adsorption, while providing attachment space for nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria to form a stable biofilm; the third layer is a palm fiber biological substrate, which is used to meet the needs of microbial film formation, while providing three-dimensional space for plant root development and animal habitat. The bio-based suspended core (2) has a transition layer between the activated carbon fiber sponge layer and the palm fiber bio-base layer. This transition layer is composed of nano-hydroxyapatite modified biochar and polylactic acid fiber interwoven. When the ratio of the pore diameter of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer to the diameter of the aeration bubbles is controlled at 1.2-1.8, the denitrification efficiency of the system is >89%. The fourth layer of polyester fiber filler in the bio-based suspended core (2) is grafted with carboxyl and amino functional groups, which enhance the adhesion strength of the microbial film through electrostatic interaction, resulting in a biofilm shedding rate of <10%. The intelligent underwater oxygenation module (4) control algorithm adopts a multi-parameter coupling feedback mechanism, specifically including: Dissolved oxygen (DO) priority control: when DO < 3 mg / L, aeration is started, and the air pump power is adjusted according to the DO recovery rate; Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) synergistic control: when NH3-N > 0.5 mg / L, the aeration intensity is increased by 15%-20% to promote nitrification; Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) compensation: when ORP < -100 mV, the aeration volume is increased by 30% to inhibit anaerobic bacteria from producing methanogens and hydrogen sulfide; pH adaptive adjustment: when pH < 6.5 or > 8.5, the aeration strategy is adjusted to avoid a decrease in microbial activity.

2. The composite bio-based suspended purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third layer of the bio-based suspended core (2) has a pore size of 0.5-5 mm and a diameter ratio of 6-10:1 with the diameter of the nano-aeration disc bubbles in the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module (4), forming a micro-bubble-macro-channel coupled mass transfer channel. When the ratio of the pore diameter of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer to the diameter of the aeration bubble is controlled at 1.2-1.8, the denitrification efficiency of the system is >89%.

3. The composite bio-based suspended purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module (4) includes: a micro water quality sensor array to detect dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, oxidation-reduction potential and pH value; a nano aeration disc with a bubble diameter of 50-80μm; a variable frequency air pump with an adjustable power range of 50-300W; and an edge computing control unit that achieves dynamic adjustment based on a fuzzy PID algorithm.

4. The composite bio-based suspended purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pore size distribution of the activated carbon fiber sponge layer satisfies the following: when the output bubble diameter of the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module (4) is 50-80μm, the ratio of the pore diameter d of the packing layer to the bubble diameter D is d / D=1.2-1.8, so that the bubble breakage rate in the packing is ≥70%, and the gas-liquid contact area is increased by 2.3 times compared with conventional packing.

5. The composite bio-based suspended purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system in the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module (4) also includes a solar power supply module connected to the intelligent underwater oxygenation and aeration module (4). The solar panel has a conversion efficiency of ≥22% and a storage battery capacity of ≥200Wh, which is used to achieve energy self-sufficiency.

6. The composite bio-based suspended purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root secretions of the submerged plant planting module (6) increase the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofilm by 67%, and work synergistically with the nano-hydroxyapatite in the transition layer to increase the total phosphorus removal rate by 14%.

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