Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and discloses a Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution. According to the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution disclosed by the invention, the seaweed extract, the humic acid and the trace elements (such as zinc Zn and selenium Se) are successfully combined, so that the use amount of a chemical fertilizer is remarkably reduced, and the reduction rate of the use amount of the chemical fertilizer reaches amazing 70%. According to the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution, the planting technology of Chinese yam is further optimized, and sustainable and environment-friendly Chinese yam planting can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution for yam cultivation. Background Art

[0002] ‌Yam‌ (scientific name: Dioscorea opposita) is the underground tuber of Dioscoreaceae plants. It is both a traditional Chinese medicine and a common food ingredient, mainly produced in North China, Northwest China and the Yangtze River Basin. It has a sweet taste and a neutral nature, and has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, tonifying the lungs and kidneys, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, etc., and is widely used to improve symptoms such as weak spleen and less food intake, diabetes and weak kidneys; modern research has confirmed that it contains active ingredients such as polysaccharides and saponins, which can assist in lowering blood sugar and enhancing immunity. Yam is both a medicine and a food, and is a model of the combination of traditional medicine and modern health concepts.

[0003] In recent years, the enthusiasm of farmers for growing yams has been greatly improved, and the yield and area of yams have increased rapidly. However, in the process of yam cultivation, there are problems of continuous cropping obstacles and safety issues. The safety needs to be improved. Due to the harm of underground pathogens, pests and nematodes, highly toxic and non-selective pesticides are commonly used as control measures in production, which is likely to cause excessive pesticide residues in yams, as well as pollution of soil and groundwater, damaging the ecological environment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a yam cultivation method that can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a nutrient solution for yam cultivation. The present invention aims to solve the problems of large consumption of chemical fertilizers, serious environmental pollution and low content of polysaccharide proteins in yam tubers during the existing yam cultivation process.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a nutrient solution for yam cultivation, which includes seaweed extract, humic acid, trace elements, auxiliary components and water; the auxiliary components include water-soluble organic carbon and a pH buffer.

[0007] Further, in the nutrient solution for yam cultivation, the concentration of seaweed extract is 8-12% (w / v), the concentration of humic acid is 8-10% (w / v), the pH of humic acid is 6.5-7.0, the concentration of trace elements is 20-40 ppm, and the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon is 4-6% (w / v).

[0008] Further, the trace elements include Zn and Se, and the element ratio of Zn and Se is 3:1-7:1.

[0009] Further, in the yam cultivation nutrient solution, the concentration of the seaweed extract is 12%, the content of humic acid is 8%, the pH of the humic acid is 6.8, the content of trace elements is 20 ppm, the trace elements include Zn and Se, the element ratio of Zn and Se is 3:1, and the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon is 5% (w / v).

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for planting yams using the above yam cultivation nutrient solution, comprising the following steps: S1. Site preparation and fertilization; Select sandy loam or loam with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose and fertile as the planting plot; Deeply plow the soil of the planting plot by 50 cm before winter and sun the soil, apply decomposed farmyard manure and organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer during deep plowing, and use the yam cultivation nutrient solution to replace compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer for fertilization; S2. Selection and treatment of planting materials; Selection of planting materials: Select disease-free and injury-free yam original seeds with plump bud heads, that is, the seedlings cultivated from yam beans; Treatment of planting materials: Soak the planting materials in 500-600 times solution of 50% carbendazim for 30 minutes before sowing, and use them after drying; S3. Ditching and sowing; Sowing time: From mid-March to mid-April, sow when the soil temperature at 5 cm is stably ≥ 10°C; Planting density: Row spacing 60-80 cm, plant spacing 15-25 cm, 7000-8000 plants per mu; Use a ditching mechanism to ditch the prepared planting plot, sow the yam seedlings treated in step S2 in the trench, cover the soil after sowing, level the land by rolling after covering the soil, and install a drip irrigation system; S4. Field management; Set up a trellis to guide the vines, control fertilizer and water, and prevent and control pests and diseases; S5. Harvesting and storage; Harvesting: Dig after the stems and leaves turn yellow and wither after the Frost's Descent; Storage: After the tubers are dried, store them in a cool and ventilated place with sand to avoid freezing damage.

[0011] Further, in step S2, before planting the yam seedlings, it is necessary to pre-treat the planting plot, that is, adjust the pH value of the soil of the planting plot to 6.5-7.0.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention provides a green and pollution - free nutrient solution for yam cultivation. This nutrient solution successfully combines seaweed extract, humic acid, and trace elements (such as zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se)). This innovation significantly reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and the reduction rate of chemical fertilizer usage reaches an astonishing 70%. The nutrient solution for yam cultivation of the present invention further optimizes the yam planting technology, enabling sustainable and environmentally friendly yam cultivation.

[0013] 2. The present invention also provides a method for planting yams. In terms of the planting process, the planting plot is pretreated, that is, the pH value of the soil in the planting plot is adjusted to the range suitable for yam growth (6.5 - 7.0). This adjustment provides a good soil environment for the healthy growth of yams. In addition, the present invention adopts an advanced drip irrigation system. This system not only saves water by up to 50%, but also effectively increases the content of polysaccharide - protein in yam tubers, which is increased from 9.1% in traditional planting to 12.3%.

[0014] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be described to some extent in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, based on the study of the following text, will be obvious to those skilled in the art or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the following specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the polysaccharide - protein content in yams. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0017] The present invention provides a nutrient solution for yam cultivation, which includes seaweed extract, humic acid, trace elements, auxiliary components, and water.

[0018] The auxiliary components include water - soluble organic carbon and a pH buffer, which can maintain the solution stability and prevent metal ion precipitation. In the nutrient solution for yam cultivation, the concentration of seaweed extract is 8 - 12% (w / v), the concentration of humic acid is 8 - 10% (w / v), the pH of humic acid is 6.5 - 7.0, and the concentration of trace elements is 20 - 40 ppm. The trace elements include Zn and Se, and the element ratio of Zn and Se is 3:1 - 7:1.

[0019] Among them, the seaweed extract can provide natural plant growth hormones (such as alginic acid, betaine), polysaccharides, and promote the root development and nutrient absorption of Chinese yams; humic acid can chelate trace elements, improve the soil aggregate structure, and increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC>150 cmol / kg); the trace element Zn participates in the synthesis of growth hormones, and Se enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD increases by 30%, GPx increases by 25%).

[0020] As a preference of this embodiment, in the nutrient solution for cultivating Chinese yams, the concentration of the seaweed extract is 12%, the content of humic acid is 8%, the pH of humic acid is 6.8, the content of trace elements is 20 ppm, the trace elements include Zn and Se, the element ratio of Zn and Se is 3:1, and the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon is 5% (w / v).

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for planting Chinese yams using the above-mentioned nutrient solution for cultivating Chinese yams, which includes the following steps: S1. Land preparation and fertilization; Select sandy loam or loam with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose and fertile as the planting plot; Deeply plow the soil of the planting plot by 50 cm before winter and sun the soil, apply decomposed farmyard manure and organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer during deep plowing, and use the nutrient solution for cultivating Chinese yams to replace compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer for fertilization; S2. Selection and treatment of planting materials; Selection of planting materials: Select disease-free and injury-free original Chinese yam seeds with plump buds, that is, the seedlings cultivated from Chinese yam beans; Treatment of planting materials: Soak the planting materials in 500-600 times solution of 50% carbendazim for 30 minutes before sowing, and use them after drying; Before planting Chinese yam seedlings, it is necessary to pre-treat the planting plot, that is, adjust the pH value of the soil in the planting plot to 6.5-7.0; S3. Ditching and sowing; Sowing time: From mid-March to mid-April, sow when the 5-cm soil temperature is stable at ≥10°C; Planting density: Row spacing is 60-80 cm, plant spacing is 15-25 cm, and 7000-8000 plants are planted per mu; Use a ditching mechanism to ditch the prepared planting plot, sow the Chinese yam seedlings treated in step S2 in the trench, cover the soil after sowing, level the land after covering the soil, and install a drip irrigation system; S4. Field management; Building a trellis and guiding the vines: Build a "person" - shaped trellis or an upright trellis (1.5-2 m high) when the seedling height is 20-30 cm to guide the stem vines to climb; Pinch the main vine after it grows to the top of the trellis to promote the growth of lateral vines and increase the nutrient accumulation in the tubers; Fertilizer and water regulation: Control water during the seedling stage to prevent excessive growth, and keep the soil moist during the tuber swelling stage; Topdressing is carried out in 3 times: apply 100 kg of cake fertilizer + 500 kg of manure during the stem and leaf growth period, apply 30 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer during the flowering period, and increase the application of high-potassium fertilizer during the swelling period; Pest and disease control: Anthracnose / Brown spot: Spray with thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease; Root rot: Control the field humidity and disinfect the soil before sowing; Spider mites: Spray abamectin or bifenthrin; S5. Harvesting and storage; Harvesting: Dig after the stems and leaves turn yellow and wither after the Frost's Descent; Storage: After the tubers are dried, store them in sand in a cool and ventilated place to avoid freezing damage. Examples

[0022] In order to scientifically verify the impact of the organic nutrient solution we developed on the quality of Chinese yams, we designed a series of comparative experiments. The experiments were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group adopted the traditional chemical fertilizer planting method, using NPK compound fertilizer. While the experimental group used the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution of the present invention and the method for planting Chinese yams of the present invention.

[0023] The detection indexes mainly focused on the polysaccharide-protein content (mg / g) in the tubers, which is one of the important indexes for measuring the quality of Chinese yams. Through the comparative experiments, the data results under different planting cycles were collected (see Table 1), and detailed records and analyses were carried out.

[0024] Table 1 Planting cycle (months) Polysaccharide-protein content of the control group Polysaccharide-protein content of the experimental group 3 6.2+0.3 6.2+0.3 6 9.1+0.5 9.1+0.5 As can be seen from Table 1, when the planting cycle was 3 months, the polysaccharide-protein content of the Chinese yams in the experimental group using the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution of the present invention and the method for planting Chinese yams of the present invention was 8.1 ± 0.4 mg / g, while that of the control group was only 6.2 ± 0.3 mg / g. When the planting cycle was extended to 6 months, the polysaccharide-protein content of the experimental group further increased to 12.3 ± 0.6 mg / g, while that of the control group was 9.1 ± 0.5 mg / g. These data clearly show that using the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution of the present invention can significantly increase the polysaccharide-protein content of Chinese yams, thereby improving the overall quality of Chinese yams. The application of the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution not only improves the nutritional value of Chinese yams, but also reduces the burden on the environment, making a positive contribution to the realization of green and sustainable agricultural development.

[0025] Comparison of the polysaccharide-protein content of Chinese yams between the experimental group and the control group is as Figure 1 shown, and the polysaccharide-protein content of the experimental group increased by 35.2%, fully verifying the effectiveness of the nutrient solution.

[0026] Experimental purpose: This example aims to maximize the content of polysaccharide-protein in yam tubers by precisely regulating the nutrient solution composition. This example is committed to developing an efficient organic nutrient solution formula, hoping to promote the accumulation of polysaccharide-protein in yam tubers and further improve the nutritional value and market competitiveness of yams.

[0027] Test materials: This example selects high-quality iron stick yam seeds from Wen County, Henan as experimental materials. These seeds enjoy a high reputation in the industry due to their high polysaccharide-protein content and excellent growth characteristics.

[0028] Experimental design: In order to systematically evaluate the effects of different nutrient components on the polysaccharide-protein content in yam tubers, this example adopts a three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment. This design can not only systematically investigate the effects of various factors but also effectively reduce the number of experiments, thus obtaining comprehensive and reliable experimental results (see Table 2).

[0029] Table 2 Factor Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Concentration of seaweed extract 8% (w / v) 10% (w / v) 12% (w / v) pH value of humic acid 6.5 6.8 7.0 Trace element ratio Zn:Se = 3:1 Zn:Se = 5:1 Zn:Se = 7:1 Detection method for polysaccharide-protein content: The phenol-sulfuric acid method (GB / T 15672-2009) is used for determination. This method is a classic chemical analysis method that can accurately determine the content of polysaccharide-protein.

[0030] Detection method for heavy metal residues: To ensure the safety of the nutrient solution formula and avoid heavy metal pollution, this example uses ICP-MS (GB 5009.268-2016) to detect heavy metal residues.

[0031] The data results are shown in Table 3 Table 3 Test number Concentration of seaweed extract pH of humic acid Trace element ratio Polysaccharide-protein content (mg / g) 1 8% 6.5 Zn:Se = 3:1 9.2±0.4 2 8% 6.8 Zn:Se = 5:1 10.5±0.6 3 8% 7.0 Zn:Se = 7:1 8.7+0.3 4 10% 6.5 Zn:Se = 5:1 11.3+0.5 5 10% 6.8 Zn:Se = 7:1 12.1±0.7 6 10% 7.0 Zn:Se = 3:1 9.8+0.4 7 12% 6.5 Zn:Se = 7:1 10.9±0.6 8 12% 6.8 Zn:Se = 3:1 13.6±0.8 9 12% 7.0 Zn:Se = 5:1 11.2±0.5 Range analysis is shown in Table 4 Table 4 Factor Range (R) Primary and secondary order Concentration of seaweed extract 3.2 1 pH value of humic acid 2.1 3 Trace element ratio 2.8 2 Conclusion: Through range analysis, the optimal nutrient solution formula combination can be determined as A3B2C1 (i.e., seaweed extract concentration 12%, humic acid pH 6.8, trace element ratio Zn:Se = 3:1).

[0032] Under the conditions of this formula, the polysaccharide-protein content in yam tubers has increased by 48.6%. This finding indicates that precisely regulating the seaweed extract concentration, humic acid pH value, and trace element ratio in the nutrient solution can significantly improve the nutritional value of yam tubers.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the present technical solution, and they should all be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutrient solution for cultivating yam, characterized in that: The invention comprises seaweed extract, humic acid, trace elements, auxiliary components and water; the auxiliary components comprise water-soluble organic carbon and pH buffer.

2. The yam cultivation nutrient solution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the yam cultivation nutrient solution, the concentration of seaweed extract is 8-12% (w / v), the concentration of humic acid is 8-10% (w / v), the pH of humic acid is 6.5-7.0, the concentration of trace elements is 20-40 ppm, and the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon is 4-6% (w / v).

3. A yam cultivation nutrient solution according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trace elements include Zn and Se, and the element ratio of Zn to Se is 3:1-7:

1.

4. The yam cultivation nutrient solution according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the yam cultivation nutrient solution, the concentration of seaweed extract is 12%, the content of humic acid is 8%, the pH of humic acid is 6.8, the content of trace elements is 20 ppm, the trace elements include Zn and Se, the element ratio of Zn and Se is 3:1, and the concentration of water-soluble organic carbon is 5% (w / v).

5. A method for planting Chinese yam using the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Land preparation and fertilization; Choose flat, deep, loose and fertile sandy loam or loam as the planting plot; Before winter, deep plow the soil of the planting plot to a depth of 50 cm and dry it in the sun. When deep plowing, apply well-rotted farmyard manure and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and use yam cultivation nutrient solution instead of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer for fertilization; S2. Plant selection and treatment; Planting selection: Choose disease-free and undamaged yam seeds with full buds, that is, seedlings cultivated from yam beans; Planting treatment: Soak the seeds in 500-600 times diluted 50% carbendazim for 30 minutes before sowing, and use after drying; S3. Open furrows and sow seeds; Sowing time: from mid-March to mid-April, sow when the ground temperature at 5 cm is stable ≥ 10℃; Planting density: row spacing 60~80 cm, plant spacing 15~25 cm, 7000~8000 plants per mu; The prepared planting plot is furrowed by a furrowing mechanism, and the yam seedlings processed in step S2 are sown in the furrows. After the sowing is completed, the soil is covered, and after the covering is completed, the land is rolled and leveled, and a drip irrigation system is installed; S4. Field management; Build trellises and guide vines, regulate fertilizer and water, and prevent and control diseases and insect pests; S5. Harvesting and storage; Harvest: Dig up after frost when the stems and leaves turn yellow; Storage: After the tubers are dried, store them in sand in a cool and ventilated place to avoid freezing damage.

6. The method for planting Chinese yam using the Chinese yam cultivation nutrient solution according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, before planting the yam seedlings, the planting plot needs to be pretreated, that is, the pH value of the soil in the planting plot is adjusted to 6.5-7.0.

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