Environment-friendly chloride-free snow-melting and deicing coating and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an environment-friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and deicing coating and a preparation method, the environment-friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and deicing coating comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, epoxy acrylate, a modifier, a snow-melting and deicing active component, a curing agent, a filler, a solvent and an assistant, the solvent and the assistant comprise 8-12 parts of water-based propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 0.5-1 part of a defoaming agent, 0.5-1 part of a leveling agent and 1-2 parts of self-repairing microcapsules, wherein the self-repairing microcapsule is formed by coating isocyanate with urea resin. The formula and the preparation method disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects of environment-friendly efficient snow melting, low-temperature rapid curing, excellent durability, self-repairing function and high process stability, the effects are realized through component synergy and an AI optimization process, the effects are obviously superior to the traditional technology, the problems of environmental friendliness, efficiency and service life of an existing coating are solved, and the coating is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method has remarkable practical value and innovativeness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of snow melting agents, and specifically to an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow melting and ice melting coating and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a material that can effectively remove ice and snow in low-temperature environments, snow melting and ice melting coatings are widely used in fields such as roads, bridges, and airport runways, and have important economic and social values. Currently, traditional snow melting and ice melting technologies mainly include physical deicing (such as mechanical shoveling), chemical snow melting agent spraying (such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride), and methods of doping snow melting components into polymer coatings. However, these technologies have significant technical defects in practical applications, which limit their performance and popularization.

[0003] First of all, although traditional chemical snow melting agents (such as calcium chloride, sodium chloride) can effectively lower the freezing point and melt ice layers, their use has serious environmental problems. Chloride snow melting agents are easily washed into the soil and water bodies with water after melting ice and snow, resulting in soil salinization and water pollution, causing long-term damage to vegetation and ecosystems. In addition, chloride salts have strong corrosiveness to metal substrates (such as steel bars, bridge structures), reducing the service life of infrastructure. Therefore, the development of chlorine-free environmentally friendly snow melting coatings has become an urgent technical need.

[0004] Secondly, the curing performance of existing polymer coatings (such as epoxy resin coatings) is insufficient in low-temperature environments. Traditional chemical curing methods rely on the reaction of amine curing agents with epoxy resins, but at low temperatures below -15°C, the molecular movement rate significantly decreases, resulting in an overly long curing time (usually more than 24 hours) or even incomplete curing. This not only limits the rapid construction ability of the coating in cold regions but also affects its mechanical properties and durability. In addition, a single chemical curing mechanism is difficult to form a dense cross-linked network at low temperatures, resulting in poor freeze-thaw cycle resistance and wear resistance of the coating.

[0005] Thirdly, there are limitations in the snow melting efficiency and durability of existing snow melting coatings. Some technologies achieve the snow melting function by doping snow melting components (such as potassium acetate) into the polymer matrix. However, due to the lack of precise control over the particle size and dispersion of the snow melting components, the snow melting agent is prone to agglomeration or premature loss, resulting in low snow melting efficiency (usually taking more than 20 minutes to melt 1 cm of ice layer) and short action time (generally less than 2 months). At the same time, the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating surface is relatively high, further weakening the snow melting effect, especially under extreme low temperatures (such as -20°C to -30°C), the performance degradation is more obvious.

[0006] The deficiencies of existing coatings in terms of durability and functionality also deserve attention. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles and mechanical wear easily lead to coating cracking or peeling, and the strength retention rate is usually less than 60% (after 100 freeze-thaw cycles). The existing technologies lack self-healing functions. Once the coating is damaged, it cannot automatically repair micro-cracks, further shortening the service life. The single use of fillers (such as nano-silica) can improve local hardness, but it is difficult to make up for the defects in macroscopic mechanical properties, limiting the application of the coating in complex environments.

[0007] In summary, the existing snow-melting and ice-thawing coating technologies face the following main technical problems:

[0008] 1. Poor environmental protection: Chloride-containing snow-melting agents are highly corrosive to the environment and substrates, and the performance of chlorine-free alternatives is insufficient.

[0009] 2. Difficult low-temperature curing: Traditional curing methods are inefficient at low temperatures, difficult to rapidly form and have insufficient strength.

[0010] 3. Low snow-melting efficiency and durability: The snow-melting components are unevenly dispersed, and the ice adhesion is high, resulting in long snow-melting time and short action cycle.

[0011] 4. Insufficient durability and functionality: Lack of optimized designs for freeze-thaw cycle resistance, self-healing, and comprehensive mechanical properties. In view of the above problems, there is an urgent need for a new type of environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-thawing coating and its preparation method, which can achieve rapid curing, high-efficiency snow-melting, long-term release in low-temperature environments, and have excellent durability and self-healing functions. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the existing technologies and significantly improve the comprehensive performance of the coating by optimizing the formulation and the preparation method controlled by AI.

[0013] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: An environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-thawing coating, which is composed of the following components in parts by mass:

[0014] 35-55 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of epoxy acrylate, and the crosslinking density is enhanced by ultraviolet curing. Introducing a dual curing mechanism (chemical curing + photo-curing) to improve the forming speed and strength of the coating in low-temperature and high-humidity environments;

[0015] The synergistic effect of epoxy acrylate with a photoinitiator and an alicyclic amine curing agent. Epoxy acrylate contains double bonds and can rapidly undergo free radical polymerization under ultraviolet light through a photoinitiator (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone) to form a preliminary network structure. The alicyclic amine then undergoes a ring-opening addition reaction with the epoxy groups in the epoxy resin to form a chemical crosslinking network. These two curing mechanisms complement each other in time and space: photo-curing rapidly fixes the shape of the coating, and chemical curing further enhances the strength.

[0016] The photocuring reaction is fast (in seconds), but the crosslinking density is limited; the chemical curing is slower (in hours), but the formed three-dimensional network is denser. The combination of the two achieves the dual effects of "rapid prototyping + long-term stability" at low temperatures. Below -15°C, traditional chemical curing is inefficient due to limited molecular movement, while photocuring is not affected by temperature, ensuring initial curing. In a -20°C environment, the coating can reach a curing degree of 80% within 15 minutes, and such a high low-temperature curing efficiency cannot be achieved by using photocuring or chemical curing alone. The coating exhibits excellent freeze-thaw cycle resistance (strength loss < 5% after 100 cycles), far exceeding that of a single curing system.

[0017] The modifiers, including 8 - 18 parts of polyetheramine and 3 - 8 parts of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, endow the coating with hydrophobicity and anti-ice adhesion. The dual modifiers act synergistically to further reduce the ice layer adhesion and enhance the low-temperature flexibility;

[0018] The snow-melting and ice-thawing active components, including 10 - 15 parts of potassium acetate, 10 - 15 parts of urea, and 5 - 10 parts of glycerol, act as low-temperature plasticizers and auxiliary snow-melting agents. Glycerol enhances the low-temperature fluidity of the snow-melting components and prevents the active components from crystallizing and failing under extremely cold conditions;

[0019] The hydrophobic siloxane segments of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane reduce the surface energy of the coating, making it difficult for the ice layer to adhere; at the same time, its carboxyl end reacts with the epoxy resin and is embedded in the coating matrix. The snow-melting components melt the ice layer by lowering the freezing point and releasing heat (urea dissolves and releases heat), while glycerol enhances the low-temperature fluidity of the components and avoids crystallization. The hydrophobic surface reduces the loss of the snow-melting components washed away by water flow, making their action more persistent.

[0020] The hydrophobicity (contact angle can reach 110°) seems to be contradictory to the hydrophilicity of the snow-melting agent, but carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane is anchored in the coating through chemical bonds, forming a microphase separation structure: hydrophobic on the surface and the snow-melting components are evenly distributed inside. The low volatility and lubricity of glycerol further reduce the ice adhesion force, superimposing with the hydrophobic effect of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

[0021] The ice layer adhesion is reduced to 20% of that of the traditional coating (< 50 kPa), and the snow-melting time is shortened to 15 minutes (1 cm ice layer, -20°C), which is 50% faster than that of a single snow-melting agent coating. The release of the snow-melting components can last for more than 3 months, far exceeding the short-term effects of the existing technologies.

[0022] The curing agents, including 12 - 22 parts of alicyclic amine and 2 - 7 parts of photoinitiator, and the photoinitiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone. The photoinitiator cooperates with epoxy acrylate to achieve the synergy of photocuring and chemical curing and improve the curing efficiency;

[0023] The filler includes 8 - 15 parts of nano - silica and 3 - 5 parts of alumina fiber. The particle size of the nano - silica is 20 - 50 nm, and the length of the alumina fiber is 10 - 50 μm. The alumina fiber enhances the tensile strength and wear resistance of the coating, making up for the deficiency of nano - fillers in macroscopic mechanical properties.

[0024] 10 - 15 parts of solvents and additives, including 8 - 12 parts of aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether, 0.5 - 1 part of defoamer, 0.5 - 1 part of leveling agent, and 1 - 2 parts of self - healing microcapsules. The self - healing microcapsules are made of urea - formaldehyde resin encapsulating isocyanate. The microcapsules release the repair agent when the coating is damaged, extending the service life.

[0025] Nano - silica improves the hardness and wear resistance of the coating, and at the same time enhances the dispersibility of the snow - melting component through the surface effect. Alumina fiber provides macroscopic tensile strength, making up for the deficiency of nano - fillers in long - range mechanical properties. Self - healing microcapsules (urea - formaldehyde resin encapsulating isocyanate) release the repair agent when cracks appear, reacting with the epoxy matrix to repair the damage.

[0026] The surface hydroxyl groups of nano - silica form hydrogen bonds with epoxy resin, enhancing the interfacial bonding. Alumina fiber forms a fiber - reinforced composite structure through physical entanglement. After the self - healing agent is released at the crack tip, it reacts with environmental moisture to generate polyurea, filling the micro - cracks and jointly with the filler to prevent crack propagation. The tensile strength of the coating is increased to 15 Mpa, about 5 Mpa for ordinary epoxy coatings, the wear resistance is increased by 2 times, and the wear rate is < 0.1 mg / cm. The self - healing function enables the coating to still maintain 90% integrity after 50 freeze - thaw cycles, while the coating without microcapsules is only 60%.

[0027] In the prior art, epoxy coatings are mostly used for anti - corrosion or decoration, and there is no integrated combination with photocuring, snow - melting function, and self - healing technology. The combination of carboxyl - terminated polydimethylsiloxane and the snow - melting component breaks through the technical contradiction between hydrophobicity and the hydrophilicity of the snow - melting agent, and no similar design has been reported in the existing literature. The synergistic application of multi - scale fillers (nano + fiber) and self - healing microcapsules has no precedent in the field of snow - melting coatings. Existing snow - melting technologies mostly rely on chloride salt spraying or simple polymer coatings, without the idea of dual curing and multi - functional integration. Self - healing technology is mostly seen in the aviation or electronic fields, and it is difficult to directly inspire its application in low - temperature snow - melting coatings.

[0028] Furthermore, in the present invention, the coating is composed of the following components in parts by mass:

[0029] 40 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin and 8 parts of epoxy acrylate;

[0030] 8 parts of polyetheramine and 5 parts of carboxyl - terminated polydimethylsiloxane;

[0031] 12 parts of potassium acetate, 12 parts of urea, and 6 parts of glycerol;

[0032] 12 parts of alicyclic amine and 3 parts of photoinitiator;

[0033] 8 parts of nano-silica and 4 parts of alumina fiber;

[0034] 10 parts of aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling agent, and 1.5 parts of self-healing microcapsules.

[0035] A preparation method of an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow melting and ice thawing coating, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step 1, preparation of modified epoxy resin: Place bisphenol A epoxy resin and epoxy acrylate in a constant temperature stirrer, measure the volume V of the mixture r , calculate the heating temperature T m , and heat to T using the temperature sensor and PID controller of the constant temperature stirrer m ; One-step synthesis of double modifiers to improve the modification efficiency and uniformity.

[0037] Add polyetheramine and carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and stir using a stirrer with adjustable rotation speed at a stirring rate S r , measure the viscosity η through an on-line viscometer, calculate the stirring time t m , and stir for t m hours and then cool to room temperature;

[0038] Step 2, pretreatment of snow melting components: Dissolve potassium acetate, urea, and glycerol in deionized water, place them in a constant temperature stirrer, heat to 60 °C and stir to dissolve, and use an ultrasonic disperser to disperse, calculate the dispersion power P u and the dispersion time t u ; Ultrasonic dispersion improves the compatibility of components, and the particles are finer and more uniform.

[0039] Dry using a spray dryer, calculate the particle size D p , and verify D using a laser particle size analyzer p ;

[0040] Step 3, mixing of the coating composition: Place the modified epoxy resin, snow melting particles, nano-silica, and alumina fiber in a high-speed stirrer, measure the total volume V t , calculate the stirring rate S h and the stirring time t h ;

[0041] Add alicyclic amine, photoinitiator, aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether, defoamer, leveling agent, and self-healing microcapsules, calculate the stirring time t s , and verify the integrity of the microcapsules using a microscope; Mixing in steps avoids filler agglomeration and ensures the integrity of the microcapsules.

[0042] Step 4: Apply the composition to the target surface by spraying or brushing. Control the coating thickness at 0.5 - 1 mm and let it stand and cure for 4 - 6 hours to form the final coating;

[0043] Among them, the above steps use an AI - embedded controller to calculate and adjust parameters in real - time, obtain the measured values of key parameters during the preparation process in real - time, dynamically calculate process parameters according to mathematical formulas, and based on the calculation results, send control instructions to hardware devices to adjust the operating state. Through a closed - loop feedback mechanism, further optimize parameters according to the output results. The real - time feedback of the AI - optimized mathematical formula and hardware modules (such as viscometers, particle size analyzers, curing ovens) surpasses traditional empirical processes.

[0044] The synergistic effect of the one - step method of modified epoxy resin (polyetheramine + carboxyl - terminated polydimethylsiloxane) and ultrasonic dispersion of the snow - melting components. The one - step modification introduces flexibility (polyetheramine) and hydrophobicity (carboxyl - terminated polydimethylsiloxane) into epoxy resin simultaneously, forming a uniform modified matrix. Ultrasonic dispersion makes the snow - melting components (potassium acetate + urea + glycerol) form fine composite particles (30 - 80 μm), improving their compatibility and distribution uniformity in the modified matrix.

[0045] The ultrasonic cavitation effect breaks the agglomeration of the snow - melting components, and the viscosity of glycerol further stabilizes the particles; the hydrophobicity of the modified matrix prevents the particles from absorbing moisture and failing. The interfacial interaction between the flexible chain segments of the modified resin and the particles is enhanced, reducing the risk of phase separation.

[0046] The dispersion degree of the snow - melting components in the coating is increased to more than 95% (about 70% by the traditional stirring method), and the release uniformity is increased by 50%. The flexibility of the coating at - 20°C (elongation at break > 10%) far exceeds that of traditional epoxy coatings (< 5%).

[0047] The synergistic effect of step - by - step mixing (filler + microcapsule) and dual curing (photo - curing + chemical curing). In step - by - step mixing, first add the filler (nano - silica + alumina fiber) to ensure its uniform dispersion, and then add the self - healing microcapsules to avoid damaging the microcapsule shell by high - speed stirring. In dual curing, first quickly fix the positions of the filler and microcapsules through photo - curing, and then form a high - strength network through chemical curing.

[0048] Photo - curing locks the spatial distribution of the filler to prevent sedimentation; chemical curing forms a cross - linked network penetrating the filler through the reaction of amine curing agents and epoxy groups. The microcapsules remain intact during the initial curing and release the repair agent only when cracks appear later, and cooperate with the curing network for repair.

[0049] After the coating is cured, the distribution uniformity of the filler is increased by 30%, and the wear resistance is increased to 2 times that of the traditional method. At - 15°C, the coating can complete the initial curing within 15 minutes, and the strength reaches 15 MPa after 24 hours, which is 3 times faster than single curing.

[0050] Most existing coating preparations adopt simple mixing and single curing, and there is no design that combines ultrasonic dispersion with one-step modification. The processes of step-by-step mixing and double curing are complex and highly targeted, and it is difficult for ordinary technicians to come up with such a combination through conventional optimization. Most existing snow-melting coating preparations are physical blending or spraying, lacking fine control over the microstructure and curing process. Although double curing technology has been seen in other fields (such as 3D printing), it has not inspired its application in low-temperature snow-melting coatings.

[0051] From a chemical perspective, the flexible chain segments of polyetheramine in the modified resin stabilize the snow-melting particles through intermolecular forces, and the hydrophobic chain segments of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane form a microphase separation structure to protect the particles from moisture erosion. From a physical perspective, ultrasonic dispersion refines the particles to the nano-micron scale through acoustic cavitation effects, and the thermal hydrodynamics of spray drying controls the particle size distribution. The interface optimization of both with the matrix jointly improves the dispersion and release persistence. From a kinetic perspective, the free radical polymerization of photocuring (in seconds) quickly locks the positions of the fillers and microcapsules, and the addition reaction of chemical curing (in hours) forms a high cross-linking density network. The dual mechanisms make up for the deficiency of the reaction rate at low temperatures. From a structural perspective, nano-silica enhances the local hardness, alumina fibers provide macroscopic tensile strength, and the self-healing reaction of microcapsules and the curing network form a dynamic repair system, overall improving the durability.

[0052] Furthermore, in the present invention, the heating temperature T is calculated by the following formula in step one m , T m : Heating temperature, V r : Volume of the mixture, measured by a liquid level sensor, V0: Reference volume, set to 100 mL as a standardized reference, and the heating temperature is adjusted according to the volume of the mixture to ensure that the modification reaction proceeds under suitable thermodynamic conditions;

[0053] The stirring time t is calculated by the following formula m , t m : Stirring time, k m : Reaction kinetic constant, reflecting the modification reaction rate, M r : Mass of the modifier, that is, the total mass of polyetheramine and carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, S r : Stirring rate, η: Viscosity of the mixture, measured in real time by an on-line viscometer, to optimize the stirring time so that the modifier is evenly dispersed and fully reacts.

[0054] Furthermore, in the present invention, the dispersion power P is calculated by the following formula in step two u ,

[0055] P u : Ultrasonic power, M f : Total mass of snow-melting components, M0: Reference mass for standardization, used to calculate the dispersion power P u The ultrasonic power can be adjusted according to the material mass to ensure that the dispersion energy matches;

[0056] The dispersion time t is calculated by the following formula u , t u : Ultrasonic dispersion time, α: Dispersion coefficient, reflecting the relationship between particle size and energy, D t : Target particle size, dispersion time t u To optimize the dispersion time and achieve the target particle size;

[0057] The particle size D of the microparticles is calculated by the following formula p , D p : Actual particle size of the microparticles, verified by a laser particle size analyzer, β: Drying constant, related to the spray process, Q d : Spray flow rate, T d : Inlet air temperature, used to calculate the particle size D of the microparticles p To control the spray drying process and prepare uniform microparticles.

[0058] The synergistic effect of the preparation of modified epoxy resin (Step 1) and the pretreatment of snow-melting components (Step 2), through a constant temperature stirrer, an on-line viscometer and formulas and Precisely control the modification temperature and time to prepare a modified epoxy resin matrix with flexibility and hydrophobicity. Step 2: Using an ultrasonic disperser and a spray dryer, through formulas and Prepare snow-melting microparticles with uniform particle size (30 - 80 μm).

[0059] The flexible chain segments (polyetheramine) and hydrophobic surface (carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane) of the modified matrix provide a stable embedding environment for the snow-melting microparticles, while ultrasonic dispersion and spray drying ensure that the microparticles are fine and evenly distributed.

[0060] The flexible chain segments of the modified resin form strong interfacial bonding with the snow-melting microparticles (potassium acetate + urea + glycerol) through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, enhancing the dispersion stability of the microparticles. The cavitation effect of ultrasound refines the snow-melting components into microparticles, and the precise control of the particle size D p (feedback from a laser particle size analyzer) reduces agglomeration, and the hydrophobic matrix prevents moisture absorption failure. The lubricity of glycerol and the hydrophobicity of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane cooperate to reduce the frictional resistance of the microparticles in the matrix, further improving the dispersion uniformity.

[0061] The uniformity of snow-melting particle dispersion was increased from 95% before optimization to 98%, and the release time was extended to 4 months (33% longer than 3 months before optimization). The flexibility of the coating at -20°C (elongation at break 12%) far exceeded that of traditional epoxy coatings (<5%), and the snow-melting efficiency was increased to 13 minutes to melt 1 cm of ice.

[0062] Further, in the present invention, the stirring rate S in step 3 is calculated by the following formula: h , S h : High speed stirring rate, V t : total mixture volume, measured by the liquid level sensor, V0: reference volume, according to which the stirring rate is adjusted to ensure uniform dispersion of the filler;

[0063] The stirring time t is calculated by the following formula h , t h : initial stirring time, γ: mixing coefficient, reflecting the difficulty of filler dispersion, M t : Total mass of filler, by optimizing the initial stirring time to avoid filler agglomeration;

[0064] The stirring time t is calculated by the following formula s , t s : Secondary stirring time, range 15-25 minutes, δ: Dispersion constant, related to the dispersion of additives, M a : The total mass of the additives is controlled to protect the integrity of the microcapsules by controlling the secondary stirring time.

[0065] High-speed stirring disperses the filler evenly through shear force, microscopic feedback ensures that the microcapsules are not damaged, and light curing quickly forms a preliminary network to fix the position of the filler. Chemical curing forms a three-dimensional cross-linked network through the filler through the ring-opening reaction of alicyclic amines and epoxy groups, enhancing the macro strength. When cracks appear, the isocyanate in the microcapsule reacts with water to form polyurea, which cooperates with the curing network to repair the damage, and the filler (nano + fiber) further prevents the crack from extending.

[0066] The wear resistance of the coating is improved to 0.07mg / cm (12.5% ​​lower than 0.08mg / cm before optimization), and the tensile strength is 16MPa (6.7% higher than 15MPa before optimization). The low-temperature curing time is shortened to 15 minutes with a hardness of 65 (Shore D), and 12 hours to 88, which is 50% faster than single curing. The freeze-thaw cycle durability is 98% (100 times). The self-repair rate is increased from 80% to 85%, and the strength after repair is 15Mpa.

[0067] Further, in the present invention, in step 1, T m 65-75℃, Sr is 300 - 500 rpm, t m is 1.5 - 2.5 hours;

[0068] In step 2, P u is 150 - 250 W, t u is 10 - 20 minutes, D t is 30 - 80 μm, T d is 120 - 150 °C, Q d is 5 mL / min;

[0069] In step 3, S h is 1000 - 1400 rpm, t h is 30 - 50 minutes, t s is 15 - 25 minutes.

[0070] Furthermore, in the present invention, a constant temperature stirrer, a speed - adjustable mixer, and an on - line viscometer are used in step 3, an ultrasonic disperser, a spray dryer, and a laser particle size analyzer are used in step 2, a high - speed mixer and a microscope are used in step 3, and an ultraviolet light curing box, a low - temperature test chamber, and a hardness tester are used in step 4. All parameters are real - time regulated by an AI - embedded controller.

[0071] Furthermore, in the present invention, the specific process of real - time calculating and adjusting parameters by the AI - embedded controller is as follows:

[0072] When preparing the modified epoxy resin, input data, the volume of the mixture V r is measured by a liquid - level sensor, the viscosity η is measured by an on - line viscometer, the mass of the modifier M r is preset and input by an electronic balance, and the stirring rate S r is provided by the speed sensor of the speed - adjustable mixer;

[0073] Calculate T m Determine the heating temperature, calculate t m Determine the stirring time;

[0074] Send the heating temperature T m to the PID controller of the constant temperature stirrer to adjust the heating power, and send the stirring time t m to the speed - adjustable mixer to set the stirring duration and automatically stop after reaching the time;

[0075] The viscometer monitors the change of the viscosity η in real - time. If it deviates from the expectation, the AI controller finely adjusts the stirring time S r or extends the stirring time t m ;

[0076] When pre - treating the snow - melting component, input data, the mass of the snow - melting component M fInput by electronic balance, target particle size D t Preset value 30 - 80μm, actual particle size D p Measured by laser particle size analyzer, spray flow rate Q d Provided by the flow controller of the spray dryer, inlet air temperature T d Measured by temperature sensor;

[0077] Calculate P u Determine ultrasonic power, calculate t u Determine dispersion time, calculate D p Verify particle size;

[0078] Send ultrasonic power P u And dispersion time t u To the ultrasonic disperser, automatically run the dispersion program, send the inlet air temperature T d To the spray dryer, adjust the heater power; if the particle size D p Deviates from the target, the AI controller finely adjusts the spray flow rate Q d Or the inlet air temperature T d ;

[0079] The laser particle size analyzer continuously detects the particle size D p , if the particle size is too large, increase the ultrasonic power P u Or the dispersion time t u ; if it is too small, then reduce the inlet air temperature T d ;

[0080] Input data for mixing the coating composition, total volume V t Measured by the liquid level sensor, filler mass M t Input by electronic balance, additive mass M a Input by electronic balance, stirring rate S h Provided by the rotational speed sensor of the high - speed mixer;

[0081] Calculate S h Determine the stirring rate, calculate t h Determine the primary stirring time, calculate t s Determine the secondary stirring time;

[0082] Send the stirring rate S h And the primary stirring time t h To the high - speed mixer, perform the primary stirring, send the secondary stirring time t s To the high - speed mixer, perform the secondary stirring, and observe the integrity of the microcapsules online with a microscope;

[0083] If the microscope detects that the microcapsule breakage rate > 5%, the AI controller reduces the stirring rate S h Or shortens the secondary stirring time ts 。

[0084] Further, in the present invention, after the step 4 of standing and curing, a hardness tester is used to verify the curing degree.

[0085] Advantageous effects: The technical solution of the present application has the following technical effects:

[0086] 1. The chlorine-free snow melting component and the hydrophobic modifier cooperate to achieve efficient snow melting and environmental protection. The dual curing agents cooperate with the filler and the microcapsules to improve the curing speed, durability and self-healing function. The modification in step 1 and the preparation of microparticles in step 2 cooperate to ensure the uniformity and persistence of the snow melting component in the matrix. The mixing in step 3 and the curing in step 4 cooperate to form a dense structure, enhancing the mechanical properties and functionality. The AI real-time regulation runs through the whole process to ensure the accurate matching of process parameters and target performance.

[0087] 2. The beneficial effects of the formula and preparation method of the present invention include environmentally friendly and efficient snow melting, rapid curing at low temperature, excellent durability, self-healing function and high process stability. These effects are achieved through the cooperation of components and the AI-optimized process, significantly exceeding the traditional technology, solving the environmental protection, efficiency and lifespan problems of the existing coatings, and having significant practical value and innovation.

[0088] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be regarded as part of the inventive subject matter of the present disclosure as long as such concepts do not contradict each other.

[0089] The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the teachings of the present invention can be more fully understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Other additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and / or beneficial effects of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent in the following description or will be learned through practice of the specific embodiments according to the teachings of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0090] The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in each figure can be represented by the same reference numeral. For clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Now, embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the drawings, wherein:

[0091] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0092] To better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are hereby provided and described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the present disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings, in which numerous illustrative embodiments are shown. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not necessarily define all aspects of the present invention. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments introduced above, as well as those described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of many ways, because the concepts and embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not limited to any particular implementation. Additionally, some aspects of the present invention can be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present invention.

[0093] Experiment 1: Verify the effects of the formulation on snow melting efficiency, low-temperature curing, durability, and self-healing function

[0094] Experimental design

[0095] Experimental group: Optimize the formulation according to the instructions (40 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 8 parts of epoxy acrylate, etc.), and use a unified preparation method (simple stirring + chemical curing).

[0096] Control 1 (traditional epoxy coating): Without snow melting components and microcapsules.

[0097] Control 2 (chlorine-containing coating): Containing calcium chloride, without modifiers and microcapsules.

[0098] Control 3 (single snow melting component): Only containing potassium acetate, without modifiers and microcapsules.

[0099] Experimental materials

[0100] Experimental group (parts by mass):

[0101] 40 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 8 parts of epoxy acrylate, 8 parts of polyetheramine, 5 parts of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, 12 parts of potassium acetate, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of glycerol, 12 parts of alicyclic amine, 3 parts of photoinitiator, 8 parts of nano-silica, 4 parts of alumina fiber, 10 parts of aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether, 0.5 part of defoamer, 0.5 part of leveling agent, 1.5 parts of self-healing microcapsules.

[0102] Control 1: E-51 60, 15 parts of alicyclic amine, 10 parts of nano-silica, 10 parts of aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether.

[0103] Control 2: E-51 50, 20 parts of calcium chloride, 15 parts of alicyclic amine, 10 parts of aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether.

[0104] Control 3: E-51 50, 20 parts of potassium acetate, 15 parts of alicyclic amine, 10 parts of aqueous propylene glycol methyl ether.

[0105] Experimental procedures (unified simple preparation)

[0106] Place the epoxy resin and the filler in a blender (500 rpm) and stir at 60 °C for 30 minutes.

[0107] Add the snow melting component (experimental group, comparative examples 2 and 3) or none (comparative example 1), and stir for 15 minutes.

[0108] Add the curing agent and additives, and stir for 15 minutes.

[0109] Spray it on a local area of the road surface (10×10 cm, thickness 1 mm), and let it stand at -15 °C for 24 hours to cure.

[0110] Prepare 5 samples and repeat the test 5 times.

[0111] Performance test

[0112] Snow melting efficiency: At -20 °C, for a 1-cm ice layer, record the melting time.

[0113] Ice adhesion: At -20 °C, ice column pull-off test.

[0114] Low-temperature curing: At -15 °C, hardness at 15 minutes and 24 hours.

[0115] Durability: Tensile strength (ASTM D638), abrasion resistance (500 g, 1000 revolutions), retention rate after 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

[0116] Self-healing: For a 1-mm crack, repair rate and strength after 24 hours.

[0117] The specific test process is as follows:

[0118] 1. Melting time (minutes)

[0119] Test purpose: To determine the time required for the coating to melt a 1-cm ice layer at -20 °C.

[0120] Equipment: Low-temperature test chamber (-20 °C ± 1 °C), timer, ice layer mold (10×10×1 cm).

[0121] Process:

[0122] Place the coating sample (10×10 cm, thickness 1 mm) in the low-temperature test chamber and pre-cool it to -20 °C.

[0123] Use the mold to prepare a 1-cm thick ice layer on the sample surface: Pour deionized water into the mold and freeze it at -20 °C for 2 hours to ensure the ice layer is uniform.

[0124] Remove the mold and immediately start the timer, and observe the time when the ice layer completely melts (no solid residue).

[0125] Repeat 5 times for each sample and record the time (accurate to 0.1 minute).

[0126] Data processing: Calculate the average value and standard deviation (SD). The result of the experimental group is 15 ± 0.8 minutes.

[0127] Mechanism correspondence: The snow-melting components (potassium acetate + urea + glycerol) lower the freezing point and release heat, and the terminal carboxyl polydimethylsiloxane reduces ice adhesion.

[0128] 2. Ice adhesion (kPa)

[0129] Test purpose: Determine the adhesion between ice and the coating at -20°C.

[0130] Equipment: Tensile testing machine (loading rate 5 mm / min), ice column fixture, low-temperature test chamber.

[0131] Procedure:

[0132] Place the sample (10×10 cm) in a low-temperature test chamber at -20°C.

[0133] Prepare an ice column with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 2 cm on the sample surface: Inject deionized water with a mold and freeze for 2 hours.

[0134] Fix the sample on the platform of the tensile testing machine, clamp the top of the ice column with a fixture, and vertically stretch it at a rate of 5 mm / min until the ice column detaches.

[0135] Record the maximum tensile force (N) and calculate the adhesion (kPa):

[0136] Repeat 5 times.

[0137] Data processing: Average value 48 ± 3 kPa.

[0138] Mechanism correspondence: The terminal carboxyl polydimethylsiloxane reduces the surface energy, and the nano-silica forms a micro-rough structure.

[0139] 3. 15-minute hardness (Shore D)

[0140] Test purpose: Determine the initial curing degree at -15°C for 15 minutes.

[0141] Equipment: Shore D hardness tester, low-temperature test chamber.

[0142] Procedure:

[0143] Place the freshly sprayed sample (thickness 1 mm) in a low-temperature test chamber at -15°C.

[0144] Take it out after standing for 15 minutes, and vertically press the hardness tester into the sample surface (loading time 1 second).

[0145] Select 5 points evenly on the sample and record the hardness values.

[0146] Repeat for 5 samples.

[0147] Data processing: The average value is 60 ± 2, indicating that the photocuring was not fully applied.

[0148] Mechanism correspondence: The rapid polymerization of the photoinitiator was not fully achieved, and the chemical curing was slow.

[0149] 4.24-hour hardness (Shore D)

[0150] Test purpose: To determine the full-cure hardness at -15°C for 24 hours.

[0151] Equipment: Shore D hardness tester, low-temperature test chamber.

[0152] Procedure:

[0153] Place the sample in a -15°C low-temperature test chamber and let it stand for 24 hours.

[0154] Test 5 points with the hardness tester and record the values.

[0155] Repeat for 5 samples.

[0156] Data processing: The average value is 85 ± 1.

[0157] Mechanism correspondence: The alicyclic amine completed deep cross-linking.

[0158] 5. Tensile strength (MPa)

[0159] Test purpose: To determine the tensile properties of the coating.

[0160] Equipment: Universal material testing machine (ASTM D638).

[0161] Procedure:

[0162] Fabricate the coating into dumbbell-shaped specimens (length 50 mm, width 10 mm, thickness 1 mm).

[0163] Test at a tensile rate of 5 mm / min at room temperature until fracture, and record the maximum force (N).

[0164] Calculate the strength:

[0165]

[0166] Repeat 5 times.

[0167] Data processing: The average value is 15 ± 0.5 MPa.

[0168] Mechanism correspondence: Filler reinforcement and cross-linking network.

[0169] 6. Wear loss (mg / cm)

[0170] Test purpose: To determine the wear resistance of the coating.

[0171] Equipment: Abrasion testing machine (CS-10 wheel, 500 g, 1000 revolutions).

[0172] Procedure:

[0173] Fix the sample (10×10 cm) on the testing machine and weigh the initial mass (mg) with a balance.

[0174] Abrade with a load of 500 g for 1000 revolutions and calculate the area (100 cm).

[0175] Weigh the sample after abrasion and calculate the loss:

[0176]

[0177] Repeat 5 times.

[0178] Data processing: Average value 0.10 ± 0.02 mg / cm.

[0179] Mechanism correspondence: Nano-silica improves hardness.

[0180] 7. Freeze-thaw retention rate (%)

[0181] Test purpose: To determine the strength retention after 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

[0182] Equipment: Low-temperature test chamber, universal material testing machine.

[0183] Procedure:

[0184] Place the dumbbell-shaped specimen in the freezer at -20°C for 2 hours and thaw at 25°C for 1 hour, and repeat the cycle 100 times. Test the tensile strength and calculate the retention rate:

[0185]

[0186] Repeat 5 times.

[0187] Data processing: Average value 90 ± 2%.

[0188] Mechanism correspondence: Flexible chain segments relieve stress.

[0189] 8. Repair rate (%)

[0190] Test purpose: To determine the self-repairing ability.

[0191] Equipment: Microscope, blade.

[0192] Procedure: Scratch a 1-mm deep crack on the surface of the sample and place it at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0193] Measure the initial crack width (W0) and the width after repair (W1) using a microscope, and calculate the repair rate:

[0194] Repeat 5 times.

[0195] Data processing: average value 80 ± 2%.

[0196] Mechanism correspondence: microcapsules release the repair agent.

[0197] 9. Strength after repair (MPa)

[0198] Test purpose: determine the tensile strength after repair.

[0199] Equipment: universal material testing machine.

[0200] Process: After repair, make dumbbell-shaped specimens and conduct tensile tests. Repeat 5 times.

[0201] Data processing: average value 14 ± 0.6 MPa.

[0202] Mechanism correspondence: polyurea fills the cracks.

[0203] Table 1: Results of Experiment 1

[0204]

[0205] Comparison conclusion, snow melting efficiency: 15 minutes for the experimental group (consistent with the specification), 25% faster than Comparative Ratio 2, verifying the synergistic high efficiency of the chlorine-free snow melting components (potassium acetate + urea + glycerol). Ice adhesion: <50 kPa, 60% - 67% lower than the comparative ratio, and the hydrophobicity of terminal carboxyl polydimethylsiloxane significantly reduces the adhesion. Low-temperature curing: 60 hardness in 15 minutes, 85 in 24 hours, superior to the non-cured or 70 - 72 of the comparative ratio, and the effect of the dual curing agent is obvious. Durability: tensile strength 15 MPa, abrasion resistance 0.10 mg / cm, freeze-thaw retention rate 90%, superior to 5 - 6 MPa, 0.25 - 0.30 mg / cm, 55 - 60% of the comparative ratio. Self-repair: repair rate 80%, strength after repair 14 MPa, the comparative ratio has no repair function, and the effect of microcapsules is significant. The chlorine-free design, high-efficiency snow melting, low ice adhesion, rapid curing, durability and self-repair function of the formula are consistent with the specification and superior to the traditional formula.

[0206] Experiment 2: Verify the role of the AI-optimized preparation method in snow melting efficiency, curing speed, durability, and process stability.

[0207] Experimental design

[0208] Experimental group: according to the formula in the specification and the AI-optimized method (Steps 1 - 4, formula calculation + hardware regulation).

[0209] Comparative Example 4 (without AI optimization): same formulation as the experimental group, but with fixed parameters and no feedback control.

[0210] Comparative Example 5 (traditional stirring + single curing): same formulation as the experimental group, simple stirring + 24-hour chemical curing.

[0211] Experimental materials

[0212] Experimental group and Comparative Examples 4 and 5: same formulation as the experimental group.

[0213] Experimental procedures

[0214] Experimental group (AI optimization method)

[0215] Step 1: Measure V r = 50 mL, T m = 61.5 °C, add modifier, S r = 400 rpm, η = 2 Pa·s, t m = 2 hours.

[0216] Step 2: M f = 30 g, P u = 200 W, t u = 12.5 minutes, D p = 50 μm (adjusted to the target).

[0217] Step 3:

[0218] V t = 70 mL, S h = 1140 rpm, t h = 40 minutes, M a = 27 g, t s = 8 minutes.

[0219] Step 4: Spray a thickness of 1 mm, photocure at -15 °C for 15 minutes (50 mW / cm), let stand for 5 hours, and AI regulation provides full-process feedback.

[0220] Comparative Example 4 (without AI optimization)

[0221] The steps are the same as those of the experimental group, but the parameters are fixed, there is no sensor and feedback, and the curing is the same as that of the experimental group.

[0222] Comparative Example 5 (traditional method)

[0223] Simple stirring (500 rpm, 60 °C, 1 hour), spray a thickness of 1 mm, and let stand at -15 °C for 24-hour chemical curing.

[0224] Performance testing

[0225] Snow melting efficiency: -20 °C, 1 cm ice layer.

[0226] Curing speed: hardness at -15°C, 15 minutes and 5 hours.

[0227] Durability: tensile strength, abrasion resistance, retention rate after 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

[0228] Process stability: hardness consistency and snow melting time of 8 batches.

[0229] The specific test process is as follows:

[0230] 1. Snow melting time (minutes)

[0231] Process: same as Experiment 1, but the sample is prepared by AI optimization.

[0232] Data processing: average value 13 ± 0.7 minutes.

[0233] Mechanism correspondence: AI-optimized particle dispersion (50μm) increases the contact area.

[0234] 2. Hardness at 15 minutes (Shore D)

[0235] Test purpose: To determine the photocuring hardness at -15°C for 15 minutes.

[0236] Equipment: UV curing box (50 mW / cm²), Shore D hardness tester, low-temperature test chamber.

[0237] Process: Place the sample at -15°C and cure it with UV light for 15 minutes (AI setting: 50 mW / cm²). Test 5 points with the hardness tester.

[0238] Repeat 5 times.

[0239] Data processing: average value 65 ± 1.

[0240] Mechanism correspondence: Photocuring rapid prototyping.

[0241] 3. Hardness at 5 hours (Shore D)

[0242] Test purpose: To determine the complete curing hardness at -15°C for 5 hours.

[0243] Process: After photocuring for 15 minutes, let it stand for 4 hours and 45 minutes, for a total of 5 hours. Test with the hardness tester.

[0244] Data processing: average value 88 ± 0.7.

[0245] Mechanism correspondence: Chemical curing with deep cross-linking.

[0246] 4. Tensile strength (MPa)

[0247] Process: same as Experiment 1.

[0248] Data processing: Average value is 16 ± 0.6 MPa.

[0249] Mechanism correspondence: AI optimizes the filler distribution.

[0250] 5. Abrasion loss (mg / cm)

[0251] Process: Same as Experiment 1.

[0252] Data processing: Average value is 0.07 ± 0.01 mg / cm.

[0253] Mechanism correspondence: Uniform curing improves hardness.

[0254] 6. Freeze-thaw retention rate (%)

[0255] Process: Same as Experiment 1.

[0256] Data processing: Average value is 98 ± 0.7%.

[0257] Mechanism correspondence: AI optimizes network densification.

[0258] 7. Hardness SD (8 batches)

[0259] Test purpose: To determine the hardness consistency between batches.

[0260] Process: Prepare 8 batches of samples, measure the hardness for 5 hours for each batch. Calculate the SD.

[0261] Data processing: SD = 0.7.

[0262] Mechanism correspondence: AI feedback control. 8. Snow melting time SD Hawkins (8 batches) Process: Same as Experiment 1, measure the snow melting time for 8 batches.

[0263] Data processing: SD = 0.7.

[0264] Mechanism correspondence: AI ensures particle uniformity.

[0265] Table 2: Results of Experiment 2

[0266]

[0267] Comparison conclusion, snow melting efficiency: 13 minutes for the experimental group, 19% faster than Comparative Ratio 4 and 28% faster than Comparative Ratio 5. AI optimizes particle dispersion (50μm) and improves the hydrophobicity efficiency. Curing speed: 65 hardness in 15 minutes, 88 in 5 hours, only 55 - 78 for Comparative Ratio 4, and not cured to 70 for Comparative Ratio 5. Dual curing + AI regulation significantly accelerates. Durability: Tensile strength of 16 MPa, abrasion resistance of 0.07 mg / cm, freeze-thaw retention rate of 98%, 14% - 33% higher than Comparative Ratio 4 and 5. AI optimizes the curing network and filler distribution. Process stability: Hardness and snow melting time SD = 0.7, 1.5 - 2.5 for Comparative Ratio 4 and 5. AI feedback ensures consistency. The AI-optimized preparation method improves snow melting efficiency (13 minutes), curing speed (88 hardness in 5 hours), durability (16 MPa, 98% retention rate), and process stability (SD = 0.7), which is superior to the traditional method.

[0268] Among them, continue to analyze the technical effects and underlying mechanisms

[0269] 1. High-efficiency snow melting (15 minutes or 13 minutes)

[0270] Experimental data: Experiment 1: 15 ± 0.8 minutes; Experiment 2: 13 ± 0.7 minutes. 50% faster than a single snow melting agent.

[0271] Synergistic effect of chlorine-free snow melting components. Potassium acetate (12 parts) and urea (12 parts) accelerate ice layer melting by lowering the freezing point (eutectic point about -30°C) and heat release during dissolution (ΔH > 0 for urea dissolution). Glycerol (6 parts) acts as a low-temperature plasticizer to maintain the fluidity of the snow melting components and avoid crystallization failure at -20°C. The three components synergistically form a composite snow melting system. Potassium acetate provides the main freezing point reduction, urea enhances the thermal effect, and glycerol provides a stable release. The high efficiency is verified by 15 minutes in Experiment 1 and 13 minutes in Experiment 2. Particle dispersion and interface optimization. In Experiment 2, uniform particles are prepared by ultrasonic dispersion and spray drying, increasing the contact area with the ice layer and being faster than simple stirring in Experiment 1.

[0272] The hydrophobic chain segments (surface energy about 20 mN / m) of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (5 parts) are embedded in the matrix to form a microphase separation structure, protecting the snow melting particles from water erosion and prolonging the release time.

[0273] The snow melting components in the formula are combined with carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane. The basic efficiency (15 minutes) is verified in Experiment 1, and the AI optimization in Experiment 2 further refines the particles and curing structure, improving it to 13 minutes.

[0274] 2. Low ice adhesion (<50 kPa)

[0275] Experimental data: Experiment 1: 48 ± 3 kPa

[0276] The siloxane segment of the carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane reduces the surface energy (contact angle 110°), reducing the van der Waals force and hydrogen bond interaction between ice and the coating, and the ice adhesion drops from 115 - 145 kPa in the comparative example to 48 kPa.

[0277] The carboxyl group reacts with the epoxy resin, and the chemical bond anchors the hydrophobic layer to avoid peeling and ensure long-term effects.

[0278] Nanosilica (8 parts, 20 - 50 nm) fills the surface micropores to form a micro-rough structure (similar to the lotus effect), further weakening the mechanical interlocking effect of ice.

[0279] In the formulation, the carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and the filler work together. Experiment 1 verified the effect of <50 kPa. The preparation method did not significantly change this property (not measured in Experiment 2), but AI optimization may further stabilize the surface structure.

[0280] 3. Low-temperature rapid curing (80% curing degree in 15 minutes, high hardness in 5 hours)

[0281] Experimental data:

[0282] Experiment 1: 60 ± 2 in 15 minutes (70.6% of 85), 85 ± 1 in 24 hours;

[0283] Experiment 2: 65 ± 1 in 15 minutes (73.9% of 88), 88 ± 0.7 in 5 hours.

[0284] The role of the dual-curing mechanism is that the photoinitiator initiates the free radical polymerization of epoxy acrylate under ultraviolet light to quickly form a preliminary network (in seconds), and the 65 hardness in 15 minutes of Experiment 2 verified this effect. The cycloaliphatic amine undergoes a ring-opening addition reaction with bisphenol A-type epoxy resin to form a dense three-dimensional network, and the 88 hardness in 5 hours of Experiment 2 indicates that the deep cross-linking is completed.

[0285] Photo-curing is not affected by the slowdown of molecular motion at low temperature (-15°C), making up for the kinetic limitation of chemical curing. The 60 hardness of Experiment 1 (without photo-curing equipment) is lower than the 65 hardness of Experiment 2, verifying the necessity of dual-curing.

[0286] The dual-curing agents in the formulation work together. The curing degree of Experiment 1 reaches 70.6%, and Experiment 2 is improved to 73.9% through AI optimization of light intensity and time, approaching 80%. The 88 hardness in 5 hours supports a strength of 15 - 16 MPa.

[0287] 4. Excellent durability (tensile strength 15 - 16 MPa, wear rate <0.1 mg / cm, freeze-thaw retention rate >90%)

[0288] Experimental data:

[0289] Experiment 1: 15 ± 0.5 MPa, 0.10 ± 0.02 mg / cm, 90 ± 2%;

[0290] Experiment 2: 16 ± 0.6 MPa, 0.07 ± 0.01 mg / cm, 98 ± 0.7%.

[0291] Double curing forms a high crosslinking density. The AI optimization (photo-curing locking + chemical-curing deepening) in Experiment 2 is denser than the single curing in Experiment 1, and the strength is increased to 16 Mpa.

[0292] The introduction of polyetheramine introduces flexible chain segments, relieves freeze-thaw stress, and the freeze-thaw retention rate increases from 90% to 98%.

[0293] Nano-silica (20 - 50 nm) enhances local hardness through surface hydrogen bonds, and alumina fibers (10 - 50 μm) provide macroscopic tensile strength through physical entanglement. The wear resistance rate of 0.07 mg / cm in Experiment 2 verifies the synergistic enhancement.

[0294] The filler and curing agent in the formula work synergistically. Experiment 1 meets the standards (15 MPa, 0.10 mg / cm, 90%). The AI optimization in Experiment 2 evenly disperses the filler and particles, further improving to 16 MPa, 0.07 mg / cm, 98%.

[0295] 5. Self-healing function (healing rate 80 - 85%, strength after healing 14 - 15 MPa)

[0296] Experimental data: Experiment 1: 80 ± 2%, 14 ± 0.6 Mpa

[0297] Microcapsule repair reaction. Self-healing microcapsules (isocyanate encapsulated by urea-formaldehyde resin, 1.5 parts) release isocyanate at the crack, react with water to form polyurea, fill the crack, and the healing rate reaches 80%.

[0298] Polyurea binds to the epoxy matrix through hydrogen bonds, and the strength after healing is 14 MPa, close to the initial value. The physical mechanism is crack blocking. The filler (nano-silica + alumina fibers) prevents crack propagation, and the microcapsules repair minor damages, synergistically improving durability. The microcapsules in the formula work synergistically with the curing network, and Experiment 1 verifies a healing rate of 80%.

[0299] 6. High process stability (SD < 1.5)

[0300] Experimental data: Experiment 2: Hardness SD = 0.7, snow melting time SD = 0.7.

[0301] The AI controller monitors the parameters in real time through sensors, and according to the formula Dynamically adjusts, and the deviation is controlled within ±5%, and the SD is reduced to 0.7.

[0302] Ultrasonic dispersion and high-speed stirring optimize the distribution of microparticles and fillers. Experiment 2 is more stable than Comparative Example 4 (SD = 2.0). In the preparation method, AI regulation runs through the whole process to ensure batch consistency. The SD of Experiment 2 is 0.7, far better than that of the comparative example, showing high stability.

[0303] Comprehensive mechanism and effect analysis

[0304] Formulation contribution (Experiment 1): The chlorine-free snow melting component and carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane work together to achieve snow melting in 15 minutes and ice adhesion < 50 kPa (chemical + physical).

[0305] The dual curing agents lay the foundation for rapid curing (60 hardness). Fillers and microcapsules provide 15 MPa strength, 0.10 mg / cm wear resistance, 90% retention rate, and 80% repair rate (chemical + physical).

[0306] Mechanism: The combination of chemical reactions (curing, snow melting, repair) and physical enhancement (hydrophobicity, fillers).

[0307] Preparation method contribution (Experiment 2): AI optimizes the microparticle dispersion and curing process, shortens the snow melting time to 13 minutes, increases the hardness to 88, the strength to 16 MPa, the wear resistance to 0.07 mg / cm, the retention rate to 98%, and the stability SD to 0.7.

[0308] Mechanism: The synergistic effect of ultrasonic cavitation (refining microparticles), photocuring kinetics (rapid prototyping), and AI feedback (precision control).

[0309] Overall synergistic effect: The formulation provides the functional basis (snow melting, curing, durability, self-repair). The preparation method amplifies the effect through AI optimization. Experiment 2 exceeds the expectations of the specification (such as 13 minutes, 98% retention rate), verifying the synergistic breakthrough.

[0310] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by what is defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating, characterized by: The coating is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 35-55 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of epoxy acrylate; A modifier comprising 8-18 parts of polyetheramine and 3-8 parts of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; Snow-melting and ice-melting active components include 10-15 parts of potassium acetate, 10-15 parts of urea and 5-10 parts of glycerol; A curing agent, comprising 12-22 parts of alicyclic amine and 2-7 parts of a photoinitiator, wherein the photoinitiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone; Filler, including 8-15 parts of nano-silicon dioxide and 3-5 parts of alumina fiber, wherein the nano-silicon dioxide particle size is 20-50nm, and the alumina fiber length is 10-50μm; The solvent and the auxiliary agent are 10-15 parts, including 8-12 parts of water-based propylene glycol methyl ether, 0.5-1 parts of defoaming agent, 0.5-1 parts of leveling agent and 1-2 parts of self-repairing microcapsules, wherein the self-repairing microcapsules are urea-formaldehyde resin-encapsulated isocyanate.

2. The environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin, 8 parts of epoxy acrylate; 8 parts of polyetheramine, 5 parts of carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; Potassium acetate 12 parts, urea 12 parts, glycerol 6 parts; 12 parts of alicyclic amine, 3 parts of photoinitiator; 8 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 4 parts of alumina fiber; 10 parts of water-based propylene glycol methyl ether, 0.5 parts of defoaming agent, 0.5 parts of leveling agent, and 1.5 parts of self-repairing microcapsules.

3. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparation of modified epoxy resin, placing bisphenol A epoxy resin and epoxy acrylate in a constant temperature stirrer, measuring the volume V of the mixture r , calculate the heating temperature T m , using a thermostatic stirrer temperature sensor and PID controller to heat to T m ; Add polyetheramine and carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and stir at a speed of S r Stir, measure viscosity η by online viscometer, and calculate stirring time t m , stirring m After hours, cool to room temperature; Step 2: Pretreatment of snow melting components: Dissolve potassium acetate, urea and glycerol in deionized water, place in a constant temperature stirrer, heat to 60°C, stir and dissolve, use an ultrasonic disperser to disperse, and calculate the dispersion power P u and dispersion time t u ; Use spray dryer to dry and calculate particle size D p , laser particle size analyzer verification D p ; Step 3: Mixing of the coating composition: Place the modified epoxy resin, snow melting particles, nano-silica and alumina fibers in a high-speed mixer and measure the total volume V t , calculate the stirring rate S h and stirring time t h ; Add alicyclic amine, photoinitiator, water-based propylene glycol methyl ether, defoamer, leveling agent and self-repairing microcapsules, and calculate the stirring time t s , verify the integrity of the microcapsules using microscopy; Step 4: Apply the composition to the target surface by spraying or brushing, the coating thickness is controlled to be 0.5-1 mm, and then stand and cure for 4-6 hours to form a final coating; Among them, the above steps calculate and adjust parameters in real time through the AI ​​embedded controller, obtain the measured values ​​of key parameters in the preparation process in real time, dynamically calculate the process parameters according to mathematical formulas, send control instructions to the hardware equipment based on the calculation results, adjust the operating status, and further optimize the parameters according to the output results through a closed-loop feedback mechanism.

4. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1, the heating temperature T is calculated by the following formula m , T m : Heating temperature, V r : Volume of the mixture, measured by the liquid level sensor, V0: reference volume, set to 100 mL, as a standardized reference, the heating temperature is adjusted according to the volume of the mixture to ensure that the modification reaction is carried out under suitable thermodynamic conditions; The stirring time t is calculated by the following formula m , t m : stirring time, k m : Reaction kinetic constant, reflecting the modification reaction rate, M r : modifier mass, i.e. the total mass of polyetheramine and carboxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, S r : stirring rate, η: viscosity of the mixture, measured in real time by an online viscometer, and the stirring time is optimized to ensure uniform dispersion and full reaction of the modifier.

5. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the dispersed power P is calculated by the following formula u , P u : Ultrasonic power, M f : Total mass of snowmelt components, M0: Base mass, used as a reference for standardization and calculation of dispersed power P u Adjust the ultrasonic power according to the material quality to ensure the dispersion energy is matched; The dispersion time t is calculated by the following formula u , t u : ultrasonic dispersion time, α: dispersion coefficient, reflecting the relationship between particle size and energy, D t : Target particle size, dispersion time t u To optimize the dispersion time and achieve the target particle size; The particle size D is calculated by the following formula p , D p : actual particle size, verified by laser particle size analyzer, β: drying constant, related to the spray process, Q d : Spray flow rate, T d : Inlet air temperature, calculate particle size D p To control the spray drying process and prepare uniform microparticles.

6. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, the stirring rate S is calculated by the following formula h , S h : High speed stirring rate, V t : total mixture volume, measured by the liquid level sensor, V0: reference volume, according to which the stirring rate is adjusted to ensure uniform dispersion of the filler; The stirring time t is calculated by the following formula h , t h : initial stirring time, γ: mixing coefficient, reflecting the difficulty of filler dispersion, M t : Total mass of filler, by optimizing the initial stirring time to avoid filler agglomeration; The stirring time t is calculated by the following formula s , t s : Secondary stirring time, range 15-25 minutes, δ: Dispersion constant, related to the dispersion of additives, M a : The total mass of the additives is controlled to protect the integrity of the microcapsules by controlling the secondary stirring time.

7. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 1, T m 65-75℃, S r 300-500rpm, t m 1.5-2.5 hours; In step 2, P u 150-250W, t u For 10-20 minutes, D t 30-80μm, T d 120-150℃, Q d 5mL / min; In step 3, S h 1000-1400rpm, t h 30-50 minutes, t s For 15-25 minutes.

8. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 uses a constant temperature agitator, a speed-adjustable agitator and an online viscometer, the step 2 uses an ultrasonic disperser, a spray dryer and a laser particle size analyzer, the step 3 uses a high-speed agitator and a microscope, and the step 4 uses a UV curing box, a low-temperature test box and a hardness tester. All parameters are controlled in real time by an AI embedded controller.

9. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of calculating and adjusting parameters in real time through the AI ​​embedded controller is as follows: Input data when preparing modified epoxy resin, the volume of the mixture V r Measured by the liquid level sensor, viscosity η measured by the online viscometer, modifier mass M r The stirring rate S is preset by the electronic balance. r Provided by the speed sensor of the adjustable speed mixer; Calculate T m Determine the heating temperature and calculate t m Determine the mixing time; The heating temperature T m The PID controller of the thermostatic stirrer adjusts the heating power and the stirring time t m Send to the speed-adjustable mixer, set the mixing time and automatically stop when the time is reached; The viscometer monitors the change of viscosity η in real time. If it deviates from the expected value, the AI ​​controller fine-tunes the stirring time S r Or extend the stirring time t m ; Input data during snowmelt component preprocessing, snowmelt component mass M f Input by electronic balance, target particle size D t The preset value is 30-80μm, the actual particle size D p The spray flow rate Q is measured by a laser particle size analyzer. d Provided by the flow controller of the spray dryer, the inlet air temperature T d Measured by temperature sensor; Calculate P u Determine the ultrasonic power and calculate t u Determine the dispersion time and calculate D p Verify particle size; The ultrasonic power P u and dispersion time t u Send to the ultrasonic disperser, automatically run the dispersion program, and set the inlet air temperature T d Send to the spray dryer and adjust the heater power; if the particle size D p Deviating from the target, AI controller fine-tunes the spray flow Q d Or inlet air temperature T d ; Laser particle size analyzer detects particle size D in real time p If the particle size is too large, increase the ultrasonic power P u or dispersion time t u ; If it is too small, reduce the inlet air temperature T d ; Coating composition mix input data, total volume V t Measured by the liquid level sensor, the filler mass M t Input by electronic balance, additive mass M a Input from electronic balance, stirring rate S h Provided by the speed sensor of the high-speed mixer; Calculate S h Determine the stirring rate and calculate t h Determine the initial stirring time and calculate t s Determine the secondary stirring time; The stirring rate S h and initial stirring time t h Send to the high-speed mixer to perform the first mixing and set the second mixing time t s Send it to a high-speed mixer for secondary mixing, and observe the integrity of the microcapsules online with a microscope; If the microscope detects that the microcapsule damage rate is >5%, the AI ​​controller reduces the stirring rate S h Or shorten the secondary stirring time t s .

10. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly chlorine-free snow-melting and ice-melting coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the step 4 is allowed to stand and cure, a hardness tester is used to verify the degree of cure.

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