Composite dust suppressant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof. The composite dust suppressant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of a modified starch-based composite polymer material; 5-15 parts of residual oil; 1-3 parts of a surfactant; 1-3 parts of halide; 1-3 parts of a cosolvent; 46 to 72 parts of water; the preparation method of the modified starch-based composite high polymer material comprises the following steps: mixing modified starch and sodium alginate according to a ratio of 1: 1, adding deionized water, heating, pre-emulsifying in a colloid mill, and then treating by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite high polymer material. The dust suppressant disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the dust suppressant is firm in film formation, strong and lasting in wetting and water absorption effects, and capable of effectively suppressing generation and propagation of dust; the components of the dust suppressant are environment-friendly and harmless to the environment and human bodies, and meet the requirements of sustainable development; the preparation method is simple, industrial production is easy, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite dust suppressants, and particularly relates to a composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dust pollution has become one of the important factors restricting the urban environmental quality; especially in places such as construction sites, dust-generating areas, and urban roads, the generation and spread of dust seriously affect people's quality of life and physical health; suppressing and controlling the generation and spread of dust has become an important task in urban management.

[0003] A composite dust suppressant with the patent publication number of CN111205823A, which discloses an aqueous dilution of raw materials composed of the following components: 3-10 parts by weight of residual oil; 0.5-2 parts by weight of surfactant; 30-50 parts by weight of water; 0.1-5 parts by weight of halide; 0.01-0.5 parts by weight of cosolvent; the halide is magnesium chloride and calcium chloride; the residual oil is selected from one or more of coal residual oil, wood residual oil, shale residual oil, light oil, heavy oil, soft resin, soft asphalt, blended residual oil, and coal tar; the cosolvent is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol tert-butyl ether, ethanol, and isopropanol; a preparation method of the dust suppressant, including first preparing the raw materials of the dust suppressant, and then diluting the raw materials of the dust suppressant with water to obtain the dust suppressant; wherein, the preparation method of the raw materials of the dust suppressant includes the following steps; making the residual oil contact with the surfactant to obtain a first mixture; making water contact with the halide to obtain a second mixture; making the first mixture, the second mixture, and the cosolvent contact to obtain the raw materials of the dust suppressant.

[0004] Most of the current dust suppressants on the market have problems such as short-lasting effects, certain impacts on the environment, cumbersome preparation, and high costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof, which is an efficient, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting dust suppressant with a simple preparation process and low cost.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A composite dust suppressant, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of a modified starch-based composite polymer material; 5-15 parts of residual oil; 1-3 parts of surfactant; 1-3 parts of halide; 1-3 parts of cosolvent; 46-72 parts of water.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the modified starch-based composite polymer material is as follows: Mix modified starch and sodium alginate in a ratio of 1:1, add deionized water, heat, pre-emulsify in a colloid mill, and then treat with a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it is heated to 45 - 55 °C.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method of the modified starch is as follows: Dissolve corn starch in deionized water to prepare a starch suspension with a mass concentration of 30%; heat to 50 °C with stirring, then add hydrochloric acid solution and stir; neutralize to pH 6 with a 1% NaOH solution by mass concentration, and then wash with distilled water until there is no chloride ion; filter by suction, dry, pulverize, and sieve to obtain acid-hydrolyzed starch; prepare a solution of urea, ammonium chloride, and deionized water; add the acid-hydrolyzed starch with stirring, stir and filter by suction at room temperature; pre-dry the filter cake at 45 °C, grind it, and react at 130 °C; wash the product thoroughly with an ethanol solution, filter, and finally dry, grind, and sieve the product at 45 °C to obtain the modified starch.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the filter cake is pre-dried at 45 °C until the water content reaches 12%.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the co-solvent is one of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethanol.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the halide is one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the residual oil is one of coal residual oil, wood residual oil, and shale residual oil.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of a composite dust suppressant, including the following steps: Prepare a modified starch-based composite polymer material: Mix the modified starch with sodium alginate, add deionized water, heat, pre-emulsify in a colloid mill, and then process it through a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material; Prepare mixture A: Mix the residual oil, surfactant, halide, and co-solvent, and stir evenly to obtain mixture A; Prepare the dust suppressant: Mix mixture A with the modified starch-based composite polymer material, add water, and stir evenly.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The dust suppressant forms a firm film, has strong and lasting wetting and water absorption effects, and can effectively inhibit the generation and spread of dust; the components of the dust suppressant are environmentally friendly, harmless to the environment and human body, and meet the requirements of sustainable development; The preparation method of the present invention is simple, easy to industrialize, and reduces the production cost. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the preparation method of the composite dust suppressant of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Embodiment 1 Please refer to Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a composite dust suppressant, including the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of a modified starch-based composite polymer material; 5 parts of residual oil; 1 part of a surfactant; 1 part of a halide; 1 part of a cosolvent; 72 parts of water; the cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; the halide is magnesium chloride; the residual oil is coal cinder oil.

[0018] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch-based composite polymer material is as follows: Mix the modified starch and sodium alginate in a ratio of 1:1, add deionized water, heat to 45°C, pre-emulsify in a colloid mill, and then process through a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material.

[0019] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch is as follows: Dissolve corn starch in deionized water to prepare a starch suspension with a mass concentration of 30%; heat to 50°C with stirring, then add a hydrochloric acid solution and stir; neutralize to a pH value of 6 with a 1% NaOH solution by mass concentration, and then wash with distilled water until there is no chloride ion; filter by suction, dry, crush, and sieve to obtain acid-hydrolyzed starch; Prepare a solution of urea, ammonium chloride, and deionized water; add the acid-hydrolyzed starch with stirring and stir and filter by suction at room temperature; pre-dry the filter cake at 45°C, grind it and react at 130°C; Wash the product thoroughly with an ethanol solution, filter, and finally dry the product at 45°C until the water content reaches 12%, grind it, and sieve it to obtain the modified starch.

[0020] A preparation method of a composite dust suppressant includes the following steps: Prepare the modified starch-based composite polymer material: Mix the modified starch and sodium alginate, add deionized water, heat, pre-emulsify in a colloid mill, and then process through a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material; Prepare mixture A: Mix the residual oil, surfactant, halide, and cosolvent, and stir evenly to obtain mixture A; Prepare the dust suppressant: Mix mixture A with the modified starch-based composite polymer material, add water, and stir evenly.

[0021] Embodiment 2 Please refer to Figure 1 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment. The difference is that a composite dust suppressant includes the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of modified starch-based composite polymer material; 10 parts of residual oil; 2 parts of surfactant; 2 parts of halide; 2 parts of cosolvent; 59 parts of water; the cosolvent is ethanol; the halide is calcium chloride; the residual oil is wood residual oil.

[0022] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch-based composite polymer material is as follows: Mix modified starch and sodium alginate in a ratio of 1:1, add deionized water, heat to 50°C, pre-emulsify in a colloid mill, and then treat with a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material.

[0023] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch is as follows: Dissolve corn starch in deionized water to prepare a starch suspension with a mass concentration of 30%; heat to 50°C with stirring, then add hydrochloric acid solution and stir; neutralize to pH 6 with a 1% NaOH solution by mass concentration, and then wash with distilled water until there is no chloride ion; filter by suction, dry, crush, and sieve to obtain acid-hydrolyzed starch; Prepare a solution of urea, ammonium chloride, and deionized water; add acid-hydrolyzed starch with stirring, and stir and filter by suction at room temperature; pre-dry the filter cake at 45°C, grind it and react at 130°C; Wash the product thoroughly with an ethanol solution, filter, and finally dry the product at 45°C until the water content reaches 12%, grind, and sieve to obtain the modified starch.

[0024] Example 3 Please refer to Figure 1 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment. The difference is that a composite dust suppressant includes the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of modified starch-based composite polymer material; 15 parts of residual oil; 3 parts of surfactant; 3 parts of halide; 3 parts of cosolvent; 46 parts of water; the cosolvent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; the halide is magnesium chloride; the residual oil is shale residual oil.

[0025] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch-based composite polymer material is as follows: Mix modified starch and sodium alginate in a ratio of 1:1, add deionized water, heat to 55°C, pre-emulsify in a colloid mill, and then treat with a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material.

[0026] In this embodiment, preferably, the preparation method of the modified starch is as follows: Dissolve corn starch in deionized water to prepare a starch suspension with a mass concentration of 30%; heat it to 50°C with stirring, then add hydrochloric acid solution and stir; neutralize it to a pH value of 6 with a 1% NaOH solution, and then wash it with distilled water until there is no chloride ion; filter by suction, dry, crush, and sieve to obtain acid-hydrolyzed starch; prepare a solution of urea, ammonium chloride and deionized water; add the acid-hydrolyzed starch with stirring, and stir and filter by suction at room temperature; pre-dry the filter cake at 45°C, grind it and react at 130°C; wash the product thoroughly with ethanol solution and filter, and finally dry the product at 45°C until the water content reaches 12%, grind it, and sieve to obtain the modified starch.

[0027] This test site is selected at the entrance of a certain construction site. The site is flat, and the soil on the site is miscellaneous fill, including stones, lime, clay and sand; the site is dry, and within the depth range of 10 cm from the ground surface, the soil is in a loose state. Test method 1) Plow the ground of the site to a depth of 5 - 10 cm; 2) Remove stones with a particle size greater than 15 cm and crush the soil clods; 3) Level the ground, make a slope, and dig a drainage ditch on the roadside; Divide it into two equal parts; spray clean water on one part, and the water volume is 8 - 10 cm infiltrating into the ground surface; spray a composite dust suppressant on the other part, and the dosage is 1 - 2 L / m 2 ; It can be observed that after spraying the composite dust suppressant, it has a good effect of suppressing dust; after the dust suppressant interacts with the soil, it increases the range of the plastic state of the soil, making the soil body remain in a wet state for a long time and effectively controlling dust.

[0028] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, as detailed in the above description, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite dust suppressant, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of modified starch-based composite polymer material; 5-15 parts of residual oil; 1-3 parts of surfactant; 1-3 parts of halide; 1-3 parts of auxiliary solvent; and 46-72 parts of water.

2. A composite dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified starch-based composite polymer material is as follows: modified starch and sodium alginate are mixed in a ratio of 1:1, deionized water is added, heated, pre-emulsified in a colloid mill, and then processed by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain the modified starch-based composite polymer material.

3. A composite dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: Heat to 45-55°C.

4. A composite dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified starch is as follows: dissolving corn starch in deionized water to prepare a starch suspension with a mass concentration of 30%; heating to 50°C with stirring, then adding a hydrochloric acid solution and stirring; neutralizing with a NaOH solution with a mass concentration of 1% to a pH value of 6, and then washing with distilled water until there is no chloride ion; filtering, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain acid-decomposed starch; preparing urea, ammonium chloride and deionized water into a solution; adding the acid-decomposed starch with stirring, and filtering with stirring at room temperature; pre-drying the filter cake at 45°C, crushing and reacting at 130°C; fully washing and filtering the product with an ethanol solution, and finally drying, crushing and sieving the product at 45°C to obtain the modified starch.

5. A composite dust suppressant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter cake was pre-dried at 45°C to a moisture content of 12%.

6. A composite dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The co-solvent is one of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethanol.

7. A composite dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The halide is one of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the residual oil is one of coal residue oil, wood residue oil and shale residue oil.

8. A method for preparing a composite dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: Preparation of modified starch-based composite polymer material: Modified starch and sodium alginate are mixed, deionized water is added, heated, pre-emulsified in a colloid mill, and then treated in a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a modified starch-based composite polymer material; Preparation of mixture A: mixing the residual oil, the surfactant, the halide and the co-solvent, and stirring evenly to obtain mixture A; Preparation of dust suppressant: Mix mixture A with modified starch-based composite polymer material, add water, and stir evenly.

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