Preparation method of B80 biodiesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of B80 biodiesel. Belongs to the technical field of biodiesel. According to the technical key points, the method comprises the following steps: (1) filtering, (2) mixing: pumping the filtered vegetable fat into a first blending tank, adding diesel oil, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed fat for later use; the volume ratio of the vegetable fat to the diesel oil is 4: 1; (3) blending: pumping the mixed grease into a second blending tank, adding an optimizer, stirring for 10-20 minutes to uniformly mix the mixed grease to obtain optimized mixed grease, pumping the optimized mixed grease into an ultrasonic oscillation container, and performing ultrasonic oscillation to realize full fusion to obtain semi-finished biodiesel; (4) impurity removal: pumping the semi-finished biodiesel into a membrane filtration tank, and removing impurities to obtain finished biodiesel; the invention aims to provide the preparation method of the B80 biodiesel, which is scientific in process, high in modulation efficiency and low in preparation energy consumption. The catalyst is used for preparing biodiesel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a biodiesel, and more particularly, to a method for preparing B80 biodiesel. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of the global demand for new energy and the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, finding alternative clean energy has become a social need.

[0003] As a clean and renewable energy, biodiesel has shown great potential in the fields of transportation, power generation, etc. due to its good environmental protection fuel products.

[0004] However, the existing biodiesel blending technology has a low parameter conversion efficiency with vegetable oil as the main raw material in the oil blending industry, which brings great difficulties to technical research.

[0005] Therefore, developing a highly efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly applicable product has important social development value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing B80 biodiesel with scientific process, high modulation efficiency and low preparation energy consumption in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the existing technology.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A method for preparing B80 biodiesel includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Filtration: Pass the vegetable oil through a filtration tank to remove impurities and reserve it.

[0009] (2) Mixing: Pump the filtered vegetable oil into a first blending tank, add diesel and stir evenly to obtain mixed oil and reserve it; the volume ratio of vegetable oil to diesel is 4:1.

[0010] (3) Modulation: Pump the mixed oil into a second blending tank, add an optimizing agent and stir for 10 - 20 minutes to make it evenly mixed to obtain optimized mixed oil. Pump the optimized mixed oil into an ultrasonic oscillation container and achieve full fusion through ultrasonic oscillation to obtain semi-finished biodiesel; the addition amount of the optimizing agent accounts for 2 - 5% of the total volume of the mixed oil.

[0011] (4) Impurity removal: Pump the semi-finished biodiesel into a membrane filtration tank to remove impurities to obtain finished biodiesel.

[0012] In the above preparation method, in step (1), a calcium carbonate sand filter layer, an activated carbon filter layer and a silica sand filter layer are sequentially arranged in the filtration tank along the flow direction of the vegetable oil.

[0013] In the above preparation method, in step (2), the uniform stirring is carried out by circulating with a circulating pump for 12 - 18 minutes.

[0014] In the above preparation method, in step (3), the optimizing agent includes the following mixed solvent A by volume percentage: 15 - 20% of solvent 120#, 2 - 6% of normal paraffin, 5 - 16% of carbon isoparaffin, 5 - 10% of methane, 5 - 15% of isopropane, 5 - 10% of isododecane, and 2 - 6% of acetone.

[0015] In the above preparation method, the optimizing agent further includes the following mixed solvent B by volume percentage: 1 - 3% of toluene, 3 - 8% of xylene, 15 - 30% of white oil 6#, 3 - 10% of isoprene, and 1 - 5% of diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

[0016] In the above preparation method, the frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 20 - 40 kHz.

[0017] After adopting the above process, the present invention first filters vegetable oil and then mixes it with diesel to obtain a mixed oil. Then, through the unique optimizing agent, the mixed oil is subjected to a biochemical reaction treatment to obtain B80 biodiesel. Compared with traditional diesel, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The whole modulation process is carried out at normal temperature and pressure, without wastewater discharge and air pollution, achieving a zero - emission production process, meeting the requirements of green physical and chemical process technology and safe and environmental protection operation.

[0019] (2) It can reduce the performance of carbonized particles in tail gas emissions by 30%, reduce the knocking performance by 20 dB, reduce the wear scar diameter of the engine by 10 - 15%, reduce the fuel consumption by 1.5 - 2%, reduce the function of fuel injector carbon deposition, clean the components, and have the lubrication and antioxidant function under high - temperature environments.

[0020] (3) It meets the requirements of diesel engines and cetane number series indicators, effectively improving the mechanical use function.

[0021] (4) It improves the oxidation stability performance of the product during transportation, storage, and use, enhances the environmental protection performance, can significantly improve the environment, and reduce the performance of waste gas physical and chemical pollution. Specific Embodiments

[0022] The following further elaborates on the present invention in detail with specific embodiments, but it does not constitute a specific limitation to the solution of the present invention.

[0023] A preparation method of B80 biodiesel of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0024] (1) Filtration: Pass the vegetable oil through a filtration tank to remove impurities and set it aside. Inside the filtration tank, a calcium carbonate sand filter layer, an activated carbon filter layer, and a silica sand filter layer are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the vegetable oil.

[0025] Calcium carbonate is used to filter out free fatty acids in the oil and lower the pH value. Activated carbon is used to remove odors, filter impurities, and has a purification effect; silica sand is used for decolorization, removing residual peroxides in the oil, and improving oxidation stability.

[0026] (2) Mixing: Pump the filtered vegetable oil into the first blending tank, add diesel, and stir evenly to obtain mixed oil and set it aside; the volume ratio of vegetable oil to diesel is 4:1; the "stir evenly" means circulating with a circulation pump for 12 - 18 minutes.

[0027] (3) Modulation: Pump the mixed oil into the second blending tank, add an optimizing agent, and stir for 10 - 20 minutes to make it evenly mixed, obtaining optimized mixed oil. Pump the optimized mixed oil into an ultrasonic oscillation container, and achieve full fusion through ultrasonic oscillation to obtain semi-finished biodiesel. The addition amount of the optimizing agent accounts for 2 - 5% of the total volume of the mixed oil. The frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 20 - 40 kHz. The optimizing agent includes the following mixed solvent A by volume percentage: 15 - 20% of 120# solvent, 2 - 6% of n-alkane, 5 - 16% of carbon isomer alkane, 5 - 10% of methane, 5 - 15% of isopropane, 5 - 10% of isododecane, and 2 - 6% of acetone. Further preferably, the optimizing agent also includes the following mixed solvent B by volume percentage: 1 - 3% of toluene, 3 - 8% of xylene, 15 - 30% of 6# white oil, 3 - 10% of isoprene, and 1 - 5% of diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

[0028] (4) Impurity removal: Pump the semi-finished biodiesel into a membrane filtration tank to remove impurities and obtain finished biodiesel.

[0029] In the optimizing agent of the present invention, the functions of each chemical solvent are described as follows:

[0030] The main component of the 120# solvent is a chemical solvent composed of a polyalkane combination, which is used for strong catalytic oil solubility, stable mutual solubility mixing, and the function of changing the oil quality.

[0031] n-alkane has strong solubility and is used to reduce the flow performance of the cold filter plugging point of the oil quality and improve the lubricating function of the oil quality.

[0032] Carbon isomer alkane is a non-polar solvent, which is used to improve the solubility of oil esters in chemical agents and make the fusion more stable during the transformation process.

[0033] Methane is used to enhance the stability of chemical synthesis, acid-base resistance and gasification reaction performance, accelerate the differentiation performance of oil esters, increase the ignition point, and stabilize the complete combustion during the ignition delay period of the engine, etc.

[0034] Isopropane can effectively reduce the pour point of oil and improve the complete function of carbonization combustion.

[0035] Iso-dodecane has a unique conversion effect, which can increase oxidation and change the oil quality performance, and stabilize the low-temperature fluidity function.

[0036] Acetone is used to dissolve the oil to exert its activity, dissolve the peculiar smell of the oil ester, and has the effects of reducing viscosity and solidification point.

[0037] Toluene can reduce the engine decibel, has strong anti-knock stability, remove peroxide contaminants, improve the purity of the oil, and also has the effect of dissolving the peculiar smell of fatty acids.

[0038] Xylene is used to improve and optimize the carrier property of the oil and improve the oxidation stability of the oil. The sulfur content of xylene is lower than that of toluene. When it is combined with toluene, while ensuring its solubility in vegetable oil, the sulfur content is reduced.

[0039] The main characteristics of No. 6 white gasoline are to decompose the viscosity of the oil ester, differentiate the fluidity, clean the atomization carbon deposit of the fuel injector, achieve complete combustion, and improve the combustion efficiency and reduce fuel consumption.

[0040] The main characteristic of isopentene is to reduce the cold filter plugging point of the oil, dissolve and transform the solidified impurities contained in the oil ester, and exert the activity and oxidation stability of the oil ester characteristics.

[0041] The main characteristic of diethylene glycol diethyl ether is to eliminate the moisture in the oil and dissolve and transform it, eliminate the peculiar smell of the oil ester, clean and dilute the pollutants, effectively improve the compatibility, oxidation resistance and stability of the oil, and improve the high purity of the oil product.

[0042] Overview of the physical properties of the optimizer and fatty acid ester:

[0043] Vegetable oil is a mixture of esters composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Its molecular structure has certain polarity and non-polarity. Some chemical solvents also have their own polar or non-polar molecular physical properties. The purpose of selecting a suitable chemical solvent is to achieve the purpose of compatible optimization and modification for different fatty acid molecular structures of different vegetable oils, and realize the complementary and mutually reinforcing effects. Without affecting the performance of the substance, through the interaction such as van der Waals force, the coordination relationship between the solvent molecules and the fatty acid molecules is adjusted. Through chemical experiments, the solvent can be evenly dispersed in the vegetable oil, playing a carrier role for the substance, and combining with each other between the molecules and the solvent molecules to achieve the purpose of modified adjustment.

[0044] The modulation optimizer can be naturally synthesized, complete molecular restoration and polymerization under normal temperature and pressure conditions, reduce the complex process of polyester synthesis, reduce energy consumption, shorten the reaction time, and develop a new modulation method for the synthesis of complex organic compounds.

[0045] Modulation principle

[0046] The mixed oil obtained in step (2), due to the addition of a large amount of vegetable oil, has significant differences in various properties from those required for diesel. The role of the optimizer is to perform biochemical reaction modulation for these performance differences.

[0047] Density, the density of the initial mixed oil ≥ 0.86 - 0.90 kg / cm3. It needs to be adjusted to ≤ 0.82 - 0.84 kg / cm3. Since vegetable oil has a high density, it has too much carbon content, the compound particle molecules are relatively large, the combustion conversion rate is reduced, it cannot be completely burned in a limited space, and it affects the engine starting performance and has poor fluidity. It is necessary to adjust and reduce the density, and utilize the advantage of having more carbon molecules to enhance the molecular active combustion performance. Using mixed solvent A can effectively change the stability of oil quality optimization and ensure the adjustment effect.

[0048] Flash point, the flash point of the initial mixed oil ≥ 130 - 180 °C. It needs to be adjusted to ≤ 70 - 75 °C. The flash point of vegetable oil is too high. A too high flash point will cause a long ignition delay in a compression-ignition engine. A too long ignition delay period leads to insufficient combustion digestion of carbon atoms, resulting in a decrease in power, incomplete combustion, and the influence of carbon deposition and smoke. To adjust the performance of sufficient combustion assistance, use mixed solvent B to change the combustion effect.

[0049] Boiling point, the boiling point of the initial mixed oil ≥ 250 - 300 °C. It needs to be adjusted to ≤ 200 - 250 °C. A high boiling point causes uneven air mixture combustion values, pre-ignition in the engine cylinder, resulting in incomplete combustion, the presence of fine particle residual carbon, carbon deposition, and affecting the fuel injection atomization function. It is necessary to use mixed solvent A to adjust the influence of too high a boiling point.

[0050] Chromaticity, the chromaticity of the initial mixed oil ≥ 3.5 degrees. It needs to be adjusted to ≤ 2 - 3 degrees. Vegetable oil contains pigments, the color is too deep, and it contains more residual free fatty acids and gums, which will affect the oxidation stability of the oil product and the transparency of the oil product. To facilitate the intuitive discrimination of the requirements for the quality of the oil product, use mixed solvent B to assist the filtration function for the effect of adsorption and decolorization.)

[0051] Kinematic viscosity, the kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of the initial mixed oil ≥ 2.0 - 8 mm 2 / s. Adjusted to 1.9 - 6 mm 2 / s. The viscosity of vegetable oil, for example: the kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of rapeseed oil ≥ 30 - 40 mm 2 / s needs to be adjusted to (40 °C) 1.9 - 6 mm using mixed solvent A 2 / s. Viscosity is related to the natural rise and fall of the impact on the engine cylinder liner. The magnitude of viscosity directly affects the operating performance. For example, if the viscosity is high, movement becomes difficult, leading to poor fuel supply fluidity. If the viscosity is low, it affects the lubrication function, causing wear to the machine parts and affecting power. A mixed solvent A is used to adjust to achieve a natural movement effect.

[0052] Sulfur content: The sulfur content of the initial mixed oil and fat ≥ 0.005 kg / ㎡ needs to be adjusted to ≤ 0.001 kg / ㎡. A high sulfur content results in polluting and harmful emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during combustion, which is not environmentally friendly. A mixed solvent B is used to assist the desulfurization equipment in its sulfur adsorption function to reduce the presence of sulfides.

[0053] The cetane number measures the combustion performance of a diesel engine. Both too low and too high cetane numbers will have an adverse impact on the engine.

[0054] If it is too high, the engine has a low combustion efficiency. When the compression stroke has not reached the optimal ignition time, combustion starts, resulting in poor atomization, black smoke, and incomplete combustion, which directly affects power. This leads to a large loss of hydrocarbons, incomplete combustion consuming energy, and polluting the environment.

[0055] If it is too low, the combustion performance is poor, the engine is difficult to start, and the combustion delay affects the combustion performance. Especially in a low-temperature environment, the fluidity is poor, the fuel supply is unstable, resulting in a decrease in power, etc.

[0056] The cetane number of the initial mixed oil and fat is not fixed. Taking rapeseed oil as an example, its cetane number is 40 - 45 cN and needs to be adjusted to ≥ 55 - 60 cN. A mixed solvent A + B is needed for adjustment.

[0057] Melting point: The melting point of biodiesel is generally between 7 - 15°C and has no fixed value. Since the initial mixed oil and fat is composed of different raw materials, its melting point is not fixed. A higher melting point, such as that of palm oil or animal oil, which belongs to stearic acid, can reach 20 - 40°C. A high melting point reduces the combustion rate, increasing energy consumption and emission pollution. A mixed solvent B is needed to lower the melting point.

[0058] Oxidation stability: The quality of the oil product depends entirely on the role of oxidation stability, enabling more complete combustion, reducing carbon deposition, extending the storage and usage period, and reducing emissions of pollutants. A mixed solvent A + B is needed, combined with ultrasonic oscillation to refine the molecules. Acidity: Vegetable oils have a low acidity, generally ≤ 0.5 mg KOH / g, which is similar to the acidity of biodiesel and is within the normal range.

[0059] Moisture: The moisture content of the initial mixed oil and fat ≥ 0.05 - 0.2% needs to be adjusted to ≤ 0.01%. A large amount of moisture will reduce the oxidation stability, damage the lubrication performance, affect the atomization effect of the diesel engine, and cause a decrease in power. A mixed solvent B is needed to assist in reducing the moisture content.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Prepare 1000 liters of B80 biodiesel

[0062] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) Filtration: Pass the vegetable oil through a filtration tank to remove impurities and set aside for later use.

[0064] (2) Mixing: Pump 800 liters of the filtered vegetable oil into the first blending tank, add 200 liters of diesel, and circulate for 18 minutes using a circulation pump to make the materials mix evenly, obtaining mixed oil for later use;

[0065] (3) Modulation: Pump the mixed oil into the second blending tank, add 40 liters of the optimizing agent, and stir for 10 minutes to make it mix evenly, obtaining optimized mixed oil. Pump the optimized mixed oil into an ultrasonic oscillation container, and the frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 20 kHz. Through ultrasonic oscillation, full fusion is achieved to obtain semi-finished biodiesel. The optimizing agent consists of the following mixed solvents A and B by volume percentage: 15% of solvent 120#, 2% of normal paraffin, 16% of carbon isoparaffin, 5% of methane, 5% of isopropane, 10% of isododecane, 2% of acetone, 1% of toluene, 3% of xylene, 30% of white oil 6#, 10% of isoprene, and 1% of diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

[0066] (4) Impurity removal: Pump the semi-finished biodiesel into a membrane filtration tank to remove impurities and obtain finished biodiesel.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Prepare 500 liters of B80 biodiesel

[0069] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0070] (1) Filtration: Pass the vegetable oil through a filtration tank to remove impurities and set aside for later use.

[0071] (2) Mixing: Pump 400 liters of the filtered vegetable oil into the first blending tank, add 100 liters of diesel, and circulate for 15 minutes using a circulation pump to make the materials mix evenly, obtaining mixed oil for later use;

[0072] (3) Modulation: Pump the blended oil into the second blending tank, add 25 liters of the optimizing agent, and stir for 15 minutes to make it evenly mixed, obtaining the optimized blended oil. Then pump the optimized blended oil into the ultrasonic oscillation container, with the frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator being 30 kHz. Through ultrasonic oscillation, full fusion is achieved, obtaining the semi-finished biodiesel. The optimizing agent consists of the following mixed solvents A and B by volume percentage: 20% of solvent 120#, 6% of n-alkane, 5% of carbon isoparaffin, 10% of methane, 15% of isopropane, 6% of isododecane, 6% of acetone, 3% of toluene, 8% of xylene, 15% of white oil #6, 3% of isoprene, and 3% of diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

[0073] (4) Impurity removal: Pump the semi-finished biodiesel into the membrane filtration tank to remove impurities and obtain the finished biodiesel.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Prepare 100 liters of B80 biodiesel

[0076] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0077] (1) Filtration: Remove impurities from the vegetable oil through a filtration tank and set it aside.

[0078] (2) Mixing: Pump 80 liters of the filtered vegetable oil into the first blending tank, add 20 liters of diesel, and circulate for 12 minutes using a circulation pump to make the materials evenly mixed, obtaining the blended oil and setting it aside;

[0079] (3) Modulation: Pump the blended oil into the second blending tank, add 6 liters of the optimizing agent, and stir for 20 minutes to make it evenly mixed, obtaining the optimized blended oil. Then pump the optimized blended oil into the ultrasonic oscillation container, with the frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator being 40 kHz. Through ultrasonic oscillation, full fusion is achieved, obtaining the semi-finished biodiesel. The optimizing agent consists of the following mixed solvents A and B by volume percentage: 18% of solvent 120#, 5% of n-alkane, 10% of carbon isoparaffin, 8% of methane, 10% of isopropane, 5% of isododecane, 3% of acetone, 2% of toluene, 5% of xylene, 22% of white oil #6, 7% of isoprene, and 5% of diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

[0080] (4) Impurity removal: Pump the semi-finished biodiesel into the membrane filtration tank to remove impurities and obtain the finished biodiesel.

[0081] Experimental example

[0082] Randomly select the B80 biodiesel prepared by the process of Example 1 of the present invention and test it by the Huizhou Petroleum Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center in Guangdong Province and the National Petroleum and Petrochemical Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center (Guangdong). The specific results are shown in Table 1:

[0083] Basis for determination: GB 19147-2016 "Diesel Fuel for Motor Vehicles"

[0084] Table 1 Test Results Table 1

[0085]

[0086] Meanwhile, the applicant conducted self-inspections on the biodiesel obtained from Examples 2 and 3 as described above. The results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3 in sequence. Table 2 Test Results Table 2

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Table 3 Test Results Table 3

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from the above, the B80 biodiesel prepared by the present invention fully meets and even exceeds the national performance requirements for diesel fuel for motor vehicles.

[0092] The above-mentioned examples are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are only used to conveniently illustrate the present invention and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any person with ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field, without departing from the technical features of the present invention, makes local changes or modified equivalent embodiments using the technical content disclosed in the present invention, and without departing from the technical feature content of the present invention, still belongs to the scope of the technical features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing B80 biodiesel, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) filtering, removing impurities from the vegetable oil through a filter tank and setting aside; (2) Mixing: pump the filtered vegetable oil into the first blending tank, add diesel and stir evenly to obtain mixed oil for later use; the volume ratio of vegetable oil to diesel is 4:1; (3) modulation, pumping the mixed oil into a second blending tank, adding an optimizer, and stirring for 10-20 minutes to mix evenly to obtain an optimized mixed oil, pumping the optimized mixed oil into an ultrasonic oscillation container, achieving full fusion through ultrasonic oscillation to obtain a semi-finished biodiesel; the amount of the optimizer added accounts for 2-5% of the total volume of the mixed oil; (4) Impurity removal: pump the semi-finished biodiesel into a membrane filtration tank to remove impurities and obtain finished biodiesel.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), a calcium carbonate sand filter layer, an activated carbon filter layer and a silica sand filter layer are sequentially arranged in the filter tank along the flow direction of the vegetable oil.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the uniform stirring is performed by circulating the mixture with a circulating pump for 12-18 minutes.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the optimizer comprises the following volume percentages of mixed solvent A: 15-20% of 120# solvent, 2-6% of normal alkanes, 5-16% of carbon isoalkanes, 5-10% of methane, 5-15% of isopropane, 5-10% of isododecane, and 2-6% of acetone.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The optimizing agent also comprises the following mixed solvent B in volume percentage: 1-3% of toluene, 3-8% of xylene, 15-30% of 6# white oil, 3-10% of isoprene and 1-5% of diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator is 20-40 kHz.

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