Novel electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof
By adopting a new electrocatalyst with M-NixCo3-xO4 structure, the existing electrocatalyst has solved the problems of high cost, low catalytic activity or poor stability, and the preparation of electrocatalysts with low cost, high efficiency and high stability is achieved, which is suitable for industrial-scale applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311802512.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing electrocatalysts have problems such as high cost, low catalytic activity or poor stability in the hydrogen production process, especially in the strong acid and high potential environment of the anode, which is difficult to meet the expansion of industrial scale.
The structural formula of the new electrocatalyst is M-NixCo3-xO4, wherein 0
It reduces the preparation cost of electrocatalysts, improves catalytic activity and stability, and realizes the short process and rapid synthesis of electrocatalysts, which is suitable for large-scale production and industrial applications.
Smart Images
Figure CN120210883A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrolyzed water, and in particular, to a novel electrocatalyst, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] The development and utilization of hydrogen energy as an important development direction of the energy technology revolution, its potential and importance have been increasingly recognized globally, and it is regarded as one of the most promising clean energies in the 21st century, and is an effective solution to problems such as the global fossil energy crisis, global warming, and environmental pollution. However, the hydrogen production process is the starting link in the entire chain of effective utilization of hydrogen energy and is a key factor determining the economy of hydrogen energy utilization.
[0003] Among the many existing hydrogen production technical means, the low-temperature water electrolysis cell technology is the greenest and most friendly means in hydrogen production methods, and can be organically combined with renewable intermittent power sources (such as wind energy and solar energy) to achieve energy storage. At the current technical level, water electrolysis cells mainly include alkaline electrolysis cells and proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells. Compared with commercially mature alkaline electrolysis cells, proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells have higher current density, higher hydrogen purity, lower resistance loss, and more compact structural design, but they are restricted by cost disadvantages, and the expansion of their industrial scale has been severely hindered. In particular, the anode side of the proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell is an electrochemical oxygen evolution (OER) process, which is a four-electron transfer reaction and usually exhibits a very high overpotential. The oxygen evolution reaction is a half reaction for hydrogen production by water decomposition, and an effective electrocatalyst can reduce the overpotential, thereby improving energy efficiency. Moreover, the anode is in an environment of strong acid and high potential, and the activity and stability of the OER (oxygen evolution reaction) electrocatalyst face many challenges, which also results in a very narrow selection range of current commercial electrocatalysts, and usually noble metal Ir-based electrocatalysts and their noble metal derivatives are used. Therefore, a large amount of time has been invested in developing cheap and efficient OER electrocatalysts to have sufficient stability when exposed to oxidation conditions for a long time. Co3O4 has been proven to have good catalytic efficiency and corrosion stability for the OER process. Although its cost is much lower than that of electrocatalysts based on RuO2 or IrO2, its catalytic activity still needs to be further improved.
[0004] Based on this, in the face of the problems of high cost, low catalytic activity, or poor stability of electrocatalysts in the prior art, there is an urgent need to provide a novel electrocatalyst and a preparation method thereof to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel electrocatalyst, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof to solve the problems of high cost, low catalytic activity, or poor stability of electrocatalysts in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a novel electrocatalyst is provided, and the structural formula of the novel electrocatalyst is M-Ni x Co 3-x O4, wherein, 0 < x < 3, M is selected from one or more of Ru, Rh or Pd elements in Group VIII elements, and the M element and Ni x Co 3-x O4 are bonded by chemical bonds.
[0007] Further, the M element in the structural formula of the novel electrocatalyst is the Ru element.
[0008] Further, the morphological structure of the novel electrocatalyst is a nanowire array morphological structure.
[0009] Further, the novel electrocatalyst includes a substrate material, and the substrate material is selected from one or more of titanium sheets, carbon cloth or stainless steel sheets.
[0010] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of a novel electrocatalyst is provided, and the preparation steps include: Step S1, taking a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate, ammonia water and a substrate material and performing heat treatment in deionized water to obtain an electrocatalyst precursor; Step S2, taking the electrocatalyst precursor and an M metal source and performing an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid solvent to obtain the novel electrocatalyst.
[0011] Further, Step S1 includes: taking a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate and ammonia water and performing mixing treatment in deionized water, and after obtaining a mixed solution, adding a substrate material and performing heat treatment to obtain an electrocatalyst precursor; Step S2 includes taking the electrocatalyst precursor as a working electrode, the M metal source as a counter electrode and a non-mercury electrode as a reference electrode, and performing an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid solvent to obtain the novel electrocatalyst.
[0012] Further, the nickel source is selected from one or more of nickel nitrate, nickel chloride or nickel sulfate.
[0013] Further, the cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride or cobalt sulfate.
[0014] Further, in Step S1, by mass percentage, the mass ratio of the nickel source to the cobalt source is (1 - 5):1.
[0015] Further, in Step S1, the temperature of the heat treatment is 60 - 90 °C, and the treatment time is 12 - 24 h.
[0016] Further, in Step S2, the M metal source is selected from one or more of ruthenium source, rhodium source or palladium source.
[0017] Further, the ruthenium source is in the form of a metal block.
[0018] Further, the ionic liquid is selected from one or more of choline chloride-based ionic liquids, quaternary ammonium ionic liquids, or piperidine ionic liquids.
[0019] Further, in step S2, the temperature of the electrochemical redox reaction is 20 - 60 °C, and the reaction time is 1 - 2 h.
[0020] Further, the substrate material is a titanium sheet.
[0021] Further, the nickel source is nickel nitrate.
[0022] Further, the cobalt source is cobalt nitrate.
[0023] Further, in step S2, the M metal source is a ruthenium source.
[0024] Further, the ionic liquid is choline chloride - malonic acid.
[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of a novel catalyst, or a novel catalyst obtained by the preparation method of the above - mentioned catalyst, in the electrolysis of water reaction.
[0026] The novel electrocatalyst prepared by applying the technical solution of the present invention can, on the one hand, reduce the preparation cost of the electrocatalyst, facilitate large - scale production, and has a better industrialization prospect; on the other hand, its catalytic activity and stability are good, realizing the short - process rapid synthesis of the electrocatalyst, and can better meet the subsequent application requirements, with better comprehensive performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present application, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present application. In the drawings:
[0028] Figure 1 Shows the high - angle annular dark - field scanning transmission electron microscope image of the catalyst prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention; and
[0029] Figure 2 Shows the linear sweep voltammogram of the catalyst prepared according to Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.
[0031] As described in the background art section of the present invention, the electrocatalysts in the prior art have problems such as high cost of existence or preparation, low catalytic activity, or poor stability. The present invention provides a novel electrocatalyst, and the structural formula of the novel electrocatalyst is M-Ni x Co 3-x O4, where 0 < x < 3, M is selected from one or more of the elements Ru, Rh, or Pd in Group VIII, and the M element is bonded to Ni x Co 3-x O4 in the form of a chemical bond.
[0032] Based on the electrocatalyst in the prior art, since the electrocatalyst is in an environment of strong acid and high potential at the anode during subsequent applications, the activity and stability of the electrocatalyst face severe challenges. It usually uses noble metal Ir-based electrocatalysts and their noble metal derivatives as electrocatalysts, and their preparation cost is high, which is not conducive to large-scale production and limits their industrial application. The novel electrocatalyst adopted in the present invention has a structural formula of M-Ni x Co 3-x O4, where 0 < x < 3 (for example, the value of x can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, or 2.9), M is selected from one or more of the elements Ru, Rh, or Pd in Group VIII, and the M element is bonded to Ni x Co 3-x O4 in the form of a chemical bond. By using the above novel electrocatalyst in the present invention, on the one hand, it can reduce the preparation cost of the electrocatalyst, is conducive to large-scale production, and has a better industrialization prospect; on the other hand, its catalytic activity and stability are better, realizing the short-process rapid synthesis of the electrocatalyst, and can better meet the subsequent application requirements, with excellent comprehensive performance.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the M element in the structural formula of the novel electrocatalyst is the Ru element, thereby further reducing the preparation cost of the electrocatalyst, being conducive to large-scale production, and giving it a broad industrial application prospect.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the novel electrocatalyst has a nanowire array morphology, thereby further increasing the contact area between the electrocatalyst and the reaction medium, and further improving the catalytic activity and stability of the electrocatalyst, making the comprehensive performance of the electrocatalyst better.
[0035] In order to further improve the stability and catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst and make its catalytic effect better, based on the good stability of the titanium sheet, it is not easily corroded and does not easily undergo side reactions with the electrocatalyst material, it is preferred that the novel electrocatalyst includes a substrate material, and the substrate material is selected from one or more of titanium sheets, carbon cloth or stainless steel sheets; more preferably, the titanium sheet is used as the substrate material.
[0036] Another aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of a novel electrocatalyst. The preparation steps include: Step S1, taking a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate, ammonia water and a substrate material and sequentially performing heat treatment in deionized water to obtain an electrocatalyst precursor; Step S2, taking the electrocatalyst precursor and an M metal source and performing an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid solvent to obtain a novel electrocatalyst.
[0037] Those skilled in the art can first take a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate, ammonia water and a titanium sheet substrate material and sequentially perform heat treatment in deionized water to obtain an electrocatalyst precursor; then, take the electrocatalyst precursor and an M metal source and perform an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid to obtain a novel electrocatalyst. The novel electrocatalyst prepared by the present invention has good catalytic activity and stability, can meet the subsequent application requirements, and has better comprehensive performance; and by using the above preparation method, the preparation cost of the electrocatalyst is low, which is conducive to large-scale production and has good industrialization prospects.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment, Step S1 includes: mixing a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate and ammonia water in deionized water to obtain a mixed solution, and then adding a substrate material for heat treatment to obtain an electrocatalyst precursor; Step S2 includes taking the electrocatalyst precursor as a working electrode, an M metal source as a counter electrode and a non-mercury electrode as a reference electrode, and performing an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid to obtain a novel electrocatalyst, thereby further improving the catalytic activity and stability of the electrocatalyst and making its catalytic effect better.
[0039] In order to further improve the catalytic performance of the electrocatalyst, it is preferred that the nickel source is selected from one or more of nickel nitrate, nickel chloride or nickel sulfate; more preferably, it is nickel nitrate; the cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride or cobalt sulfate; more preferably, it is cobalt nitrate.
[0040] To make the prepared mixed solution more uniformly dispersed and more stable, and further reduce costs and save resources, in step S1, by mass percentage, the mass ratio of the nickel source to the cobalt source is (1-5):1, and preferably 30-50 mL of deionized water is used.
[0041] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, preferably, the temperature of the mixing treatment is 60-90 °C, and the treatment time is 12-24 h, so that the electrocatalyst precursor forms a nanowire array morphology structure on the titanium sheet substrate material.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, in order to further reduce the preparation cost of the electrocatalyst, preferably, the M metal source is selected from one or more of a ruthenium source, a rhodium source or a palladium source. Further preferably, the M metal source is a ruthenium source, and more preferably, the ruthenium source is in the form of a metal block.
[0043] To more accurately measure the overpotential in the redox reaction, in step S2, in order to further promote the better dissolution of the M element in the electrocatalyst raw material and the cobalt and nickel in the electrocatalyst precursor in the reaction solvent, preferably, the ionic liquid electrolyte is one or more of choline chloride-based ionic liquids, quaternary ammonium ionic liquids or piperidine ionic liquids; further preferably, the ionic liquid is choline chloride-malonic acid.
[0044] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the temperature of the electrochemical redox reaction is 20-60 °C, and the reaction time is 1-2 h, so that the electrochemical redox reaction is more complete, the catalytic activity and stability of the electrocatalyst are improved, and its comprehensive performance is better. The general formula of the redox reaction is as follows:
[0045] Oxidation reaction: M - 2e → M 2+ ;
[0046] Reduction reaction: M 2+ + 2e → M.
[0047] Another aspect of the present invention also provides an application of a novel electrocatalyst, or a novel electrocatalyst obtained by the preparation method of the above novel electrocatalyst, in the electrolysis of water reaction. As described above, it has higher catalytic activity, better stability and better comprehensive performance.
[0048] The following further describes the present application in detail with specific examples, and these examples should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed by the present application.
[0049] Example 1
[0050] Dissolve 0.3 g of Ni(NO3)2, 0.1 g of Co(NO3)2 and 0.05 g of NH4NO3 in 35 mL of deionized water, add 15 mL of ammonia water and mix at 20 °C for 2 h to obtain a mixed solution. Then place a titanium sheet substrate with a size of 1 cm × 2 cm into the above mixed solution and heat at 90 °C for 15 h to obtain a precatalyst. Take the above precatalyst as the working electrode, a Ru metal block as the counter electrode, and a non-mercury electrode as the reference electrode, and carry out an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid choline chloride-malonic acid electrolyte. The reaction time is 1 h and the reaction temperature is 50 °C to obtain the catalyst Ru-Ni 0.7 Co 2.3 O4.
[0051] Example 2
[0052] Dissolve 0.2 g of Ni(NO3)2, 0.1 g of Co(NO3)2 and 0.05 g of NH4NO3 in 35 mL of deionized water, add 15 mL of ammonia water and mix at 20 °C for 2 h. Then place a titanium sheet substrate with a size of 1 cm × 2 cm into the above mixed solution and heat at 90 °C for 24 h. After taking out the catalyst, perform heat treatment at 250 °C for 2 h to obtain a precatalyst. Take the above precatalyst as the working electrode, a Ru metal block as the counter electrode, and a non-mercury electrode as the reference electrode, and carry out an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid choline chloride-malonic acid electrolyte. The reaction time is 1 h and the reaction temperature is 50 °C to obtain the catalyst Ru-Ni 0.3 Co 2.7 O4.
[0053] Comparative Example 1
[0054] Dissolve 0.3 g of Ni(NO3)2, 0.1 g of Co(NO3)2 and 0.05 g of NH4NO3 in 35 mL of deionized water, add 15 mL of ammonia water and mix at 20 °C for 2 h to obtain a mixed solution. Then place a titanium sheet substrate with a size of 1 cm × 2 cm into the above mixed solution and heat at 90 °C for 15 h. After taking out the catalyst, perform heat treatment at 250 °C for 2 h to obtain the catalyst Ni 0.7 Co 2.3 O4.
[0055] Performance test:
[0056] The electrochemical performance of all catalysts was tested using a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation from Chenhua. The tests were carried out in a standard three - electrode setup with an electrolyte of 0.5 M H2SO4 solution; the scan rate for the OER polarization curve was 5 mV / s, and the potential range was 1.0 - 1.7 V (vs RHE). All polarization curves were compensated electrochemically by 95%. The overpotential was measured at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 2.
[0057] The performance test results of the electrocatalysts prepared in the above - mentioned examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1 below.
[0058] Table 1
[0059] Sample Overpotential (mV) Example 1 <![CDATA[Ru-Ni 0.7 Co 2.3 O4]]> 230 Example 2 <![CDATA[Ru-Ni 0.3 Co 2.7 O4]]> 241 Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[Ni 0.7 Co 2.3 O4]]> 306
[0060] From the above description, it can be seen that the above - mentioned embodiments of the present invention have achieved the following technical effects:
[0061] From the Figure 1 high - angle annular dark - field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF - STEM) images of the Ru - Ni 0.7 Co 2.3 O4 electrocatalyst in 0.7 Co 2.3 O4, it can be found that Ru single atoms are dispersedly distributed in Ni Figure 2 Co 0.7 Co 2.3 O4, indicating that the electrocatalyst doped with single - atom Ru was successfully synthesized. According to ICP testing, the doping amount of Ru was 0.43 wt%, indicating a very low doping amount. From the 2 linear sweep voltammogram of the electrocatalyst prepared in Example 1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, it can be observed that Ru single atoms are dispersedly distributed in Ni
[0062] In summary, the novel electrocatalyst prepared by the present invention can, on the one hand, reduce the preparation cost of the electrocatalyst, facilitate large - scale production, and has a better industrialization prospect; on the other hand, the electrocatalyst has good catalytic activity and stability, realizes the short - process rapid synthesis of the electrocatalyst, can better meet the requirements of subsequent applications, and has excellent comprehensive performance.
[0063] Although this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any invention or the scope of what is claimed, but rather are primarily used to describe the features of specific embodiments of a particular invention. Certain features that are described in multiple embodiments in this specification may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. On the other hand, the various features described in a single embodiment may also be implemented separately in multiple embodiments or in any suitable sub-combination. Additionally, although features may operate in certain combinations as described above and even be claimed as such initially, one or more features from a claimed combination may in some cases be removed from that combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.
[0064] Similarly, although operations are depicted in the figures in a particular order, this should not be construed as requiring that the operations be performed in the particular order shown or sequentially, or that all of the illustrated operations be performed, to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Additionally, the separation of various system modules and components in the above embodiments should not be construed as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
[0065] Thus, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the acts recited in the claims may be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Additionally, the processes depicted in the figures are not necessarily in the particular order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
[0066] It should be noted that, in this context, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device that comprises a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements that are inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device that comprises the element.
[0067] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.
Claims
1. A novel electrocatalyst, characterized in that, The structural formula of the novel electrocatalyst is M-Ni x Co 3-x O4, where 0 < x < 3, M is selected from one or more of Ru, Rh, or Pd elements in Group VIII elements, and the M element and Ni x Co 3-x O4 are bonded by chemical bonds.
2. The novel electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein In the structural formula of the novel electrocatalyst, the M element is Ru element.
3. The novel electrocatalyst according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The morphological structure of the novel electrocatalyst is a nanowire array morphology structure.
4. The novel electrocatalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The novel electrocatalyst includes a substrate material selected from one or more of titanium sheets, carbon cloth, or stainless steel sheets.
5. A method for preparing a novel electrocatalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The preparation steps include: Step S1, taking a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate, ammonia water, and a substrate material and performing heat treatment in deionized water to obtain a precatalyst; Step S2, taking the precatalyst and an M metal source and performing an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid to obtain the novel electrocatalyst.
6. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: taking a nickel source, a cobalt source, ammonium nitrate, and ammonia water and performing mixing treatment in deionized water. After obtaining a mixed solution, adding the substrate material and performing heat treatment to obtain a precatalyst; Step S2 includes taking the precatalyst as a working electrode, the M metal source as a counter electrode, and a non-mercury electrode as a reference electrode and performing an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction in an ionic liquid to obtain a novel electrocatalyst.
7. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The nickel source is selected from one or more of nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, or nickel sulfate.
8. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, or cobalt sulfate.
9. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In Step S1, by mass percentage, the mass ratio of the nickel source to the cobalt source is (1-5):
1.
10. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In Step S1, the temperature of the heat treatment is 60-90 °C, and the treatment time is 12-24 h.
11. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In Step S2, the M metal source is selected from one or more of ruthenium source, rhodium source, or palladium source.
12. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The ruthenium source is in the form of a metal block.
13. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The ionic liquid is selected from one or more of choline chloride-based ionic liquids, quaternary ammonium ionic liquids, or piperidine ionic liquids.
14. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In Step S2, the temperature of the electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction is 20-60 °C, and the reaction time is 1-2 h.
15. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The substrate material is a titanium sheet.
16. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The nickel source is nickel nitrate.
17. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The cobalt source is cobalt nitrate.
18. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In Step S2, the M metal source is a ruthenium source.
19. The preparation method of the novel electrocatalyst according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The ionic liquid is choline chloride-malonic acid.
20. Application of a novel catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a novel catalyst obtained by the preparation method of the novel catalyst according to any one of claims 5 to 19, in an electrolytic water reaction.