Anti-backing and anti-pressing tool and method

Abstract

The invention provides an anti-backing-pressure tool and method.The anti-backing-pressure tool comprises an anti-backing-pressure pup joint, and spiral centralizing blocks are distributed on the outer surface of the anti-backing-pressure pup joint; the supporting-pressure-preventing short joint is at least provided with a hollow hole channel which is through in the axial direction; a hydraulic pulse valve is installed in the hollow hole channel, and periodic hydraulic pulses are generated after the hydraulic pulse valve is impacted by drilling fluid. The upper end of the supporting and pressing prevention tool is connected with a single-bent screw without a centralizing block, the lower end of the supporting and pressing prevention tool is connected with a PDC drill bit, during sliding construction operation, a screw body does not rotate, the supporting and pressing prevention tool and the PDC drill bit synchronously rotate along with a screw rotor, dynamic friction is formed between a spiral centralizer on a shell of the supporting and pressing prevention tool and a shaft, axial friction resistance is reduced, and the service life of the shaft is prolonged. The hydraulic pulse valve arranged in the anti-backing-pressure tool generates periodic hydraulic pulses under the action of drilling fluid to drive a drill column to vibrate, backing pressure is further relieved, and drilling time efficiency and drilling crew benefits can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of drilling tools, and particularly relates to an anti-sticking pressure tool and method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of drilling technology, the number of extended reach wells and horizontal wells under development is increasing, bringing huge economic benefits to oil and gas field development. However, in the oil and gas drilling work under complex geological conditions, the sticking pressure during the sliding operation of extended reach wells and horizontal wells is severe, resulting in a low sliding mechanical drilling rate. Therefore, improving the drilling efficiency of sliding operations has become an important way to shorten the drilling cycle and reduce economic costs.

[0003] Currently, during the drilling process of horizontal wells and extended reach wells, due to the low efficiency of drilling fluid in carrying cuttings, the cuttings accumulate to form a cuttings bed, resulting in high friction, high torque, and severe sliding sticking pressure, causing low efficiency during the sliding operation. The main manifestation is a low sliding mechanical drilling rate, generally ranging from 20 to 40 minutes per meter for the sliding mechanical drilling rate, and even as slow as 70 to 80 minutes per meter in some cases, severely restricting the development efficiency and increasing the drilling cost. Therefore, as the main construction means for relieving sticking pressure in directional wells and horizontal wells, the performance of the anti-sticking pressure tool directly affects the drilling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-sticking pressure tool and method to overcome the above technical defects.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an anti-sticking pressure tool, including an anti-sticking pressure sub, and spiral centralizers are distributed on the outer surface of the anti-sticking pressure sub;

[0006] The anti-sticking pressure sub at least has a hollow channel that runs through axially;

[0007] A hydraulic pulse valve is installed in the hollow channel, and the hydraulic pulse valve generates periodic hydraulic pulses after being impacted by drilling fluid.

[0008] The hydraulic pulse valve at least includes a hollow cavity that runs through axially. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, from top to bottom, there are a diversion cavity, an impeller cavity, and a signal amplification cavity in sequence;

[0009] An impeller that rotates after being impacted by drilling fluid is installed in the impeller cavity.

[0010] The hydraulic pulse valve is a tubular structure composed of three short tubes sealed. The three short tubes are the first short tube for diversion, the second short tube for accommodating and installing the impeller, and the third short tube for amplifying the pulse signal;

[0011] Wherein the tubular cavity of the first short tube is the diversion cavity;

[0012] Wherein the tubular cavity of the second short tube is the impeller cavity;

[0013] The tubular cavity of the third short pipe is a signal amplification cavity. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the signal amplification cavity is a stepped hole with a gradually decreasing pore diameter.

[0014] The inner wall of the first short pipe extends radially to form a diversion inclined plane inside the pipe. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the diversion inclined plane and the inner wall of the pipe are configured to form a diversion cavity with a gradually decreasing flow area.

[0015] The pore diameters of the drilling fluid inlet end of the diversion cavity, the inner hole of the second short pipe, and the largest stepped hole of the third short pipe are the same.

[0016] Two blind hole grooves that are opposite and parallel to each other are provided on the cavity wall of the impeller cavity;

[0017] Both end faces of the central axis of the impeller extend radially to form diameter-expanded feet;

[0018] The diameter-expanded feet are inserted into the blind hole grooves to limit the central axis of the impeller.

[0019] Three spiral centralizing blocks are distributed on the outer surface of the anti-overpull sub;

[0020] The included angle between two adjacent spiral centralizing blocks is 120°, and a flow channel is provided between two adjacent spiral centralizing blocks;

[0021] A highly wear-resistant piece made of synthetic diamond is inlaid on the surface of each spiral centralizing block.

[0022] The hollow hole is a stepped hole. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the stepped hole is divided into a small pore diameter section and a large pore diameter section. A hydraulic pulse valve is arranged in the large pore diameter section, and the hydraulic pulse valve and the spiral centralizing block are opposite to each other inside and outside.

[0023] The present invention provides an anti-overpull method, including:

[0024] Assembling the drill string, connecting the drill pipe, the logging-while-drilling tool, the single-bend screw drill, the anti-overpull tool, and the drill bit in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the anti-overpull tool is the anti-overpull tool according to any one of claims 1-8;

[0025] Lowering the drill string into the well and performing a sliding operation. The body of the single-bend screw drill does not rotate, but the rotor of the single-bend screw drill drives the anti-overpull tool to rotate synchronously. During the rotation process, the drilling fluid impacts the hydraulic pulse valve to generate periodic hydraulic pulses, causing the drill string to generate axial vibration.

[0026] During the rotation process of the anti-overpull tool, dynamic friction is formed between the spiral centralizing block and the highly wear-resistant piece and the wellbore. The combined action of the dynamic friction and the axial vibration of the drill string relieves overpull.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] (1) The upper end of the anti - buckling tool is connected to a single - bend screw without a centralizer, and the lower end is connected to a PDC bit. During sliding construction operations, the anti - buckling tool rotates synchronously with the screw rotor. At this time, the spiral centralizer block and the high - wear - resistant piece of the anti - buckling tool form a dynamic frictional force with the wellbore during rotation. In the prior art, the screw centralizer block is in a static state, and the static friction exists between the spiral centralizer block and the wellbore wall. Generally, under the same other external conditions, the dynamic frictional force is much smaller than the static frictional force. Therefore, the anti - buckling tool can reduce the axial frictional resistance and thus relieve buckling.

[0029] (2) The hydraulic pulse valve built into the anti - buckling tool generates periodic hydraulic pulses under the action of drilling fluid, causing the drill string to produce a certain axial vibration. The acceleration of the vibration radiated to the measurement point of the logging - while - drilling tool is less than the acceleration that the logging - while - drilling tool can withstand, so as to ensure that the signal of the logging - while - drilling tool is not affected by the hydraulic pulse valve, and at the same time, it can further relieve buckling. Therefore, the anti - buckling tool uses the dynamic friction between the spiral centralizer block and the wellbore wall and the vibration of the hydraulic pulse valve for two - way reinforcement to achieve the anti - buckling effect, improving the sliding mechanical drilling rate and efficiency.

[0030] To make the above - mentioned content of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following specifically gives preferred embodiments and, in combination with the accompanying drawings, makes a detailed description as follows. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 is the radial decomposition diagram of the anti - buckling tool.

[0032] Figure 2 is the assembly diagram of the anti - buckling tool.

[0033] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the sectional view taken along the A - A direction of

[0034] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic pulse valve.

[0035] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the second short pipe.

[0036] Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the third short pipe.

[0037] Figure 7 is the bottom view schematic diagram of the third short pipe.

[0038] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0039] 100. Anti - buckling sub;

[0040] 11. Spiral centralizer block; 111. Flow channel; 112. High - wear - resistant piece;

[0041] 21. Hollow channel;

[0042] 31. Hydraulic pulse valve; 311. Signal amplification chamber; 312. Impeller chamber; 313. Flow guiding chamber; 314. Impeller; 315. Blind hole groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0044] It should be noted that in the present invention, the up, down, left, and right in the figure are regarded as the up, down, left, and right of the anti - drag pressure tool described in this specification.

[0045] Now refer to the accompanying drawings to introduce the exemplary implementation manners of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to disclose the present invention in detail and completely, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the relevant technical field. The terms in the exemplary implementation manners shown in the accompanying drawings are not limitations on the present invention. In the drawings, the same unit / element uses the same reference numeral.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the terms (including scientific and technical terms) used herein have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the relevant technical field. In addition, it can be understood that the terms defined in the commonly used dictionary should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the context of their relevant fields, and should not be understood as idealized or overly formal meanings.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this implementation manner relates to an anti - drag pressure tool, including an anti - drag pressure nipple 100. The outer surface of the anti - drag pressure nipple 100 is distributed with spiral centralizers 11. As shown in the figure, there are three spiral centralizers 11 distributed on the outer surface of the anti - drag pressure nipple 100, but it is not limited to three, and it can also be other numbers.

[0048] The width of the spiral centralizer 11 is 50 - 60 mm, and the helix angle is 0 - 45°.

[0049] The included angle between two adjacent spiral centralizers 11 is 120°, and a flow channel 111 is provided between two adjacent spiral centralizers 11. The flow channel 111 can reduce the contact area between the spiral centralizer 11 and the formation, reduce the torsional vibration intensity during the grinding process, and thus ensure that the spiral centralizer 11 advances more smoothly in the wellbore.

[0050] The surface of each spiral centralizer 11 is inlaid with a highly wear - resistant piece 112 made of synthetic diamond. The surface of the highly wear - resistant piece 112 is arc - shaped, and the material is synthetic diamond. The surface of the spiral centralizer 11 is surfacing - welded with tungsten carbide material.

[0051] The upper end of the spiral centralizer 11 is used for making and breaking joints, and the lower end has a thin-neck flexible structure.

[0052] Refer to Figure 3 , the anti-buckling sub 100 has at least a hollow passage 21 that runs through axially. A hydraulic pulse valve 31 is installed in the hollow passage 21. The hydraulic pulse valve 31 generates periodic hydraulic pulses after being impacted by drilling fluid, and the pressure fluctuation range of the hydraulic pulses is 1.1 Mpa - 1.8 Mpa.

[0053] As Figure 4 shown, the hydraulic pulse valve 31 at least includes a hollow cavity that runs through axially. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, from top to bottom in sequence are a diversion cavity 313, an impeller cavity 312, and a signal amplification cavity 311. An impeller 314 that rotates after being impacted by the drilling fluid is installed in the impeller cavity 312.

[0054] The impeller 314 includes a central shaft. The impeller 314 is sleeved on the central shaft through a sliding seal bearing. The material of the sliding seal bearing is ceramic, and it has good anti-wear effect. There are four blades on the impeller 314, and the angle between every two blades is 90 degrees. The blades are semi-circular.

[0055] The central shaft of the impeller 314 is perpendicular to the axial center line of the anti-buckling sub 100.

[0056] The working principle of the hydraulic pulse valve 31 is: The drilling fluid first enters the diversion cavity 313, the hydraulic pressure gradually increases and impacts the impeller 314. The rotation of the impeller 314 causes the flow area to change continuously, thereby generating hydraulic pulses. At this time, the hydraulic pulses continue to move forward into the signal amplification cavity 311. After the hydraulic pulses are amplified, they enter the drill bit at the lower end, and finally the drilling fluid is ejected from the drill bit.

[0057] The flow process of the drilling fluid in the hydraulic pulse valve 31 causes the drill string to which the anti-buckling tool belongs to generate axial vibration, thereby relieving buckling.

[0058] As Figure 3 shown, the hollow passage 21 is a stepped hole. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the stepped hole is divided into a small-diameter section and a large-diameter section. The hydraulic pulse valve 31 is located in the large-diameter section, and the hydraulic pulse valve 31 and the spiral centralizer 11 are relatively positioned inside and outside.

[0059] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , the hydraulic pulse valve 31 is a tubular structure composed of three short tubes sealed. The three short tubes are respectively a first short tube for diversion, a second short tube for accommodating and installing the impeller 314, and a third short tube for amplifying the pulse signal.

[0060] The tubular cavity of the first short tube is the diversion cavity 313. Combining Figure 6 and Figure 7, on the inner wall of the first short pipe / flow guiding cavity 313, a flow guiding inclined surface is radially extended inside the pipe, and along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the flow guiding inclined surface and the inner wall of the pipe are configured to form a flow guiding cavity 313 with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area for fluid flow.

[0061] Wherein the tubular cavity of the second short pipe is the impeller cavity 312, please refer to Figure 5 , on the cavity wall of the impeller cavity 312, two blind hole grooves 315 that are opposite and parallel to each other are provided. At both end faces of the central axis of the impeller 314, diameter-expanded feet are radially extended, and the diameter-expanded feet are inserted into the blind hole grooves 315 to limit the central axis of the impeller 314.

[0062] That is to say, the blind hole grooves 315 can facilitate the installation of the impeller 314 and can also clamp the central axis of the impeller 314.

[0063] Wherein the tubular cavity of the third short pipe is the signal amplification cavity 311, as Figure 4 shown. After the hydraulic pulse enters the signal amplification cavity 311, along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, since the signal amplification cavity 311 is a stepped hole with a gradually decreasing aperture, the signal amplification cavity 311 can amplify the pulse signal.

[0064] The flow guiding inclined surface forms a 70-degree angle with the axial center line of the flow guiding cavity 313.

[0065] As Figure 7 shown, there are two positioning pins on the bottom surface of the first short pipe, which are mainly used for connection and positioning with the second short pipe.

[0066] The aperture of the drilling fluid inlet end of the flow guiding cavity 313, the inner hole of the second short pipe, and the largest stepped hole of the third short pipe are the same.

[0067] This embodiment also provides an anti-buckling method, including:

[0068] (1) Assemble the drill string, connect the drill pipe, the logging-while-drilling tool, the single-bend screw drill, the anti-buckling tool, and the drill bit in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the anti-buckling tool is the Figures 1 - 7 structure shown.

[0069] (2) Lower the drill string into the well and perform sliding construction operations. The body of the single-bend screw drill does not rotate, but the rotor of the single-bend screw drill drives the anti-buckling tool to rotate synchronously. During the rotation process, the drilling fluid impacts the hydraulic pulse valve 31 to generate periodic hydraulic pulses, causing the drill string to generate axial vibration.

[0070] Specifically, the single-bend screw in step (1) has no centralizer. During the sliding operation, the anti-buckling tool rotates synchronously with the screw rotor. At this time, the spiral centralizing block 11 and the high-wear-resistant piece 112 of the anti-buckling tool form dynamic friction with the wellbore during rotation. In the prior art, the screw centralizing block is in a static state, and the static friction exists between the spiral centralizing block and the wellbore wall. Generally, under the same other external conditions, the dynamic friction is much smaller than the static friction. Therefore, the anti-buckling tool can reduce the axial friction resistance, thereby alleviating the buckling pressure.

[0071] The hydraulic pulse valve 31 generates periodic hydraulic pulses under the action of the drilling fluid, causing the drill string to generate a certain axial vibration. The acceleration radiated to the in-the-hole survey instrument is less than the acceleration borne by the in-the-hole survey instrument to ensure that the signal of the in-the-hole survey instrument is not affected by the hydraulic pulse valve, and at the same time, it can further alleviate the buckling pressure.

[0072] Therefore, the anti-buckling tool uses the dynamic friction between the spiral centralizing block and the wellbore wall and the vibration of the hydraulic pulse valve for two-way reinforcement to achieve the anti-buckling effect, improving the sliding mechanical drilling speed and efficiency.

[0073] Therefore, during the rotation of the anti-buckling tool, the spiral centralizing block 11 and the high-wear-resistant piece 112 form dynamic friction with the wellbore, and the combined action of the dynamic friction and the axial vibration of the drill string alleviates the buckling pressure.

[0074] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above-described embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present invention, and in actual applications, various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool for preventing buckling pressure, comprising a buckling pressure prevention sub (100), characterized in that, The outer surface of the anti - buckling and anti - pressure sub (100) is distributed with spiral centralizers (11); The anti - buckling and anti - pressure sub (100) has at least a hollow channel (21) that runs through axially; A hydraulic pulse valve (31) is installed in the hollow channel (21), and the hydraulic pulse valve (31) generates periodic hydraulic pulses after being impacted by drilling fluid.

2. The anti-pressure tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic pulse valve (31) at least includes a hollow cavity that runs through axially. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, from top to bottom, there are a diversion cavity (313), an impeller cavity (312), and a signal amplification cavity (311) in sequence; An impeller (314) that rotates after being impacted by drilling fluid is installed in the impeller cavity (312).

3. The anti-press tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydraulic pulse valve (31) is a tubular structure composed of three short tubes sealed. The three short tubes are a first short tube for diversion, a second short tube for accommodating and installing the impeller (314), and a third short tube for amplifying pulse signals; Wherein the tubular cavity of the first short tube is the diversion cavity (313); Wherein the tubular cavity of the second short tube is the impeller cavity (312); Wherein the tubular cavity of the third short tube is the signal amplification cavity (311). Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the signal amplification cavity (311) is a stepped hole with a gradually decreasing aperture.

4. The anti-pressure tool according to claim 3, wherein, The inner wall of the first short tube extends radially to form a diversion inclined plane inside the tube. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the diversion inclined plane and the inner wall of the tube form a diversion cavity (313) with a gradually decreasing flow - through area.

5. The anti-holding pressure tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aperture of the drilling fluid inlet end of the diversion cavity (313), the inner hole of the second short tube, and the largest stepped hole of the third short tube are the same.

6. The anti-press tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, Two blind hole grooves (315) that are opposite and parallel to each other are opened on the cavity wall of the impeller cavity (312); Both end faces of the central axis of the impeller (314) extend radially to form enlarged diameter feet; The enlarged diameter feet are inserted into the blind hole grooves (315) to limit the central axis of the impeller (314).

7. The anti-pressuring tool according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer surface of the anti - buckling and anti - pressure sub (100) is distributed with three spiral centralizers (11); The included angle between two adjacent spiral centralizers (11) is 120°, and a flow channel (111) is provided between two adjacent spiral centralizers (11); A highly wear - resistant piece (112) made of synthetic diamond is inlaid on the surface of each spiral centralizer (11).

8. The anti-pressure-support tool according to claim 1, wherein, The hollow channel (21) is a stepped hole. Along the flow direction of the drilling fluid, the stepped hole is divided into a small - aperture section and a large - aperture section. The hydraulic pulse valve (31) is located in the large - aperture section, and the hydraulic pulse valve (31) and the spiral centralizer (11) are relatively positioned inside and outside.

9. A method for preventing pressing, characterized in that, Including: An assembled drill string, connecting a drill pipe, a logging - while - drilling tool, a single - bend screw drill, an anti - buckling and anti - pressure tool, and a drill bit in sequence from top to bottom. The anti - buckling and anti - pressure tool is the anti - buckling and anti - pressure tool described in any one of claims 1 - 8; Lower the drill string into the well and perform a sliding operation. The body of the single - bend screw drill does not rotate, but the rotor of the single - bend screw drill drives the anti - buckling and anti - pressure tool to rotate synchronously. During the rotation process, the drilling fluid impacts the hydraulic pulse valve (31) to generate periodic hydraulic pulses, causing the drill string to generate axial vibration.

10. The anti-support pressure method according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the rotation of the anti-packing-off tool, dynamic friction is formed between the spiral centralizer (11) and the high-wear-resistant piece (112) and the wellbore, and the combined action of the dynamic friction and the axial vibration of the drill string relieves the packing-off.

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