Shield working well system capable of achieving bidirectional centralized launching and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a shield working well system capable of achieving bidirectional centralized launching and a construction method.The construction method of the shield working well system capable of achieving bidirectional centralized launching comprises the steps that a first working well and a second working well are built, and the first working well and the second working well are arranged in a spaced mode; and a connecting channel communicating the first working well with the second working well is built. A first shield tunneling machine is arranged in the first working well, and a second shield tunneling machine is arranged in the second working well. And the first shield tunneling machine is controlled to open a first tunnel in the direction away from the second working well, and the second shield tunneling machine is controlled to open a second tunnel in the direction away from the first working well. According to the scheme, the shield double-line interval tunnel can be synchronously excavated in a centralized and bidirectional mode, and the excavation efficiency of the interval tunnel is improved. The arrangement of the first working well and the second working well ensures timely deslagging of the shield tunneling machine, the connecting channel provides a containing space for the rear-end equipment, and the rear-end equipment can be used for being connected with the rear end of the shield tunneling machine and provides support for normal work of the shield tunneling machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunnel working shaft construction, and in particular to a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized starting and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels developed by shield machine excavation are generally divided into the starting section, the excavation section and the receiving section. The working shaft where the shield machine goes down to start the mainline excavation is called the shield machine starting working shaft. The size of the shield machine starting working shaft generally needs to consider the relevant requirements of shield machine hoisting, starting reception, slag discharge and construction organization. During construction, after the parts of the shield machine are hoisted to the starting shaft, the assembly of the shield machine begins, and the initial excavation of the shield machine is carried out after the assembly is completed. However, the starting working shaft of general size in the relevant technology is difficult to meet the working requirements of four shield machines for bidirectional excavation at the same time. Even if it can barely be used for four shield machines for bidirectional excavation projects, the stability and safety of the working shaft are difficult to guarantee during construction, which easily leads to problems such as high investment in the construction of the tunnel starting working shaft, large land occupation, prolonged excavation period, and low excavation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a shield working shaft system and a construction method capable of bidirectional centralized launching, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to improve the efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a shield working shaft system construction method capable of bidirectional centralized initiation, comprising:

[0005] Construct a first working well and a second working well; wherein the first working well and the second working well are spaced apart;

[0006] Constructing a connecting passage connecting the first working well and the second working well;

[0007] Install a first shield machine in the first working shaft, and install a second shield machine in the second working shaft;

[0008] The first shield machine is controlled to open a first tunnel in a direction away from the second working shaft, and the second shield machine is controlled to open a second tunnel in a direction away from the first working shaft.

[0009] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a connecting passage connecting the first working well and the second working well includes:

[0010] Assembling the first shield machine in the second working shaft;

[0011] The first shield machine is controlled to open the connecting passage in the second working shaft toward the direction close to the first working shaft; wherein the excavation direction of the first shield machine is opposite to the excavation direction of the second shield machine.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the first shield machine to open the connection passage at the second working shaft in a direction approaching the first working shaft further includes:

[0013] After the first shield machine penetrates into the connection passage, assemble the second shield machine at the second working shaft;

[0014] Control the second shield machine to open the second tunnel at the second working shaft in a direction away from the first working shaft.

[0015] In some embodiments, the step of controlling the first shield machine to open the connection passage at the second working shaft in a direction approaching the first working shaft further includes:

[0016] After the connection passage communicates with the first working shaft, control the first shield machine to enter the first working shaft and open the first tunnel at the first working shaft in a direction away from the second working shaft.

[0017] In some embodiments, the steps after building the connection passage connecting the first working shaft and the second working shaft further include:

[0018] Build a rear support platform and place it in the connection passage; wherein, the rear support platform is used to place the rear-end equipment of the first shield machine and the second shield machine.

[0019] In some embodiments, the steps of building the first working shaft and the second working shaft include:

[0020] Build the retaining structures of the first working shaft and the second working shaft;

[0021] Excavate the chambers of the first working shaft and the second working shaft, and build the walls of the first working shaft and the second working shaft; wherein, the first working shaft is circular in shape, and the second working shaft is circular in shape;

[0022] Build the bottom slabs of the first working shaft and the second working shaft.

[0023] In some embodiments, the steps before controlling the first shield machine to open the first tunnel in a direction away from the second working shaft and controlling the second shield machine to open the second tunnel in a direction away from the first working shaft include:

[0024] Build a first backfill area at the pre-opening position of the first tunnel in the first working shaft, and build a second backfill area at the pre-opening position of the second tunnel in the second working shaft;

[0025] Fill the first backfill area and the second backfill area with concrete; wherein, the difference between the backfill depth of the concrete in the first backfill area and the diameter of the first tunnel is 1 m, and the top of the first backfill area is higher than the top of the first tunnel, the difference between the backfill depth of the concrete in the second backfill area and the diameter of the second tunnel is 1 m, and the top of the second backfill area is higher than the top of the second tunnel.

[0026] The second aspect of the present invention provides a shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching, which is constructed by the construction method of the shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching described in any one of the above embodiments. The shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching includes:

[0027] A first working shaft capable of accommodating at least two of the first shield machines and transporting earthwork, and the first shield machine is used for opening the first tunnel;

[0028] A second working shaft, which is arranged at an interval from the first working shaft, the second working shaft is capable of accommodating at least two of the second shield machines and transporting earthwork, and the second shield machine is used for opening the second tunnel;

[0029] A connecting passage, which communicates the first working shaft and the second working shaft, so that the first shield machine can be launched in the first working shaft and / or the connecting passage, and the second shield machine can be launched in the second working shaft and / or the connecting passage.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first tunnel includes a first passage and a second passage that are in the same direction and arranged at an interval;

[0031] For the diameter R of the first working shaft, the wall thickness dimension H of the wall built for the first working shaft, the diameter r1 of the first passage, the diameter r2 of the second passage, and the distance D between the first passage and the second passage, the following is satisfied: 0.5(r1 + r2) ≤ R - (2H + r1 + r2 + D).

[0032] In some embodiments, the first working shaft is provided with a first backfill area, the first backfill area is arranged at the pre-opening position of the first tunnel, and the first backfill area has a first wall surface, and the first wall surface is perpendicular to the tunneling direction of the first tunnel;

[0033] The direction perpendicular to the depth direction and the axis of the first tunnel is the first direction. For the maximum dimension L of the first backfill area in the first direction and the diameter d of the first shield machine, the following is satisfied: L - d > 500 mm.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention discloses a shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching and a construction method thereof. In the construction method of the shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching of the present application, first, a first working shaft and a second working shaft are constructed, and the first working shaft and the second working shaft are arranged at intervals. Next, a connecting passage connecting the first working shaft and the second working shaft is constructed. Then, a first shield machine is arranged in the first working shaft, and a second shield machine is arranged in the second working shaft. Finally, the first shield machine is controlled to excavate a first tunnel in a direction away from the second working shaft, and the second shield machine is controlled to excavate a second tunnel in a direction away from the first working shaft. That is, the solution of the present application can excavate tunnels in two directions simultaneously, effectively improving the tunnel excavation efficiency. And the arrangement of the first working shaft and the second working shaft ensures the timely slag discharge of the shield machine, and the arrangement of the connecting passage provides a placement space for the rear-end equipment. The rear-end equipment can be used to connect the rear end of the shield machine and provide support for the normal operation of the shield machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the construction method of the shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized launching in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0040] Shield working shaft system 100 capable of two-way centralized launching;

[0041] First working shaft 110; First backfill area 111; Wall 112; First wall surface 113; First hoisting position 114; Second hoisting position 115;

[0042] Second working shaft 120; Second backfill area 121;

[0043] Connecting passage 130;

[0044] First tunnel 140; First passage 141; Second passage 142;

[0045] Second tunnel 150;

[0046] First direction X.

[0047] The realization, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the related art, a working shaft is usually set up, and the number of shield machines that can be accommodated in this working shaft is limited, resulting in only one-way excavation of the tunnel, low construction efficiency, and it is difficult for this working shaft to ensure the slag discharge requirements.

[0050] In order to improve the tunneling efficiency, in the related art, a rectangular starting working shaft is usually used to place multiple shield machines and other auxiliary equipment, etc. However, in order to ensure the effective operation of multiple shield machines and other equipment, a traditional rectangular working shaft requires a sufficiently large space size, which results in a long excavation period for the starting working shaft and seriously prolongs the tunneling period of the tunnel. Moreover, traditional shield rectangular starting shafts often occupy a large construction site. Especially in areas where sensitive buildings are densely distributed around, when the site space conditions are limited, it is very difficult to implement, and even impossible to carry out operations. In addition, the rectangular working shaft has poor stability and is prone to the phenomenon of the collapse of the working shaft wall surface.

[0051] In view of this, please refer to Figure 1 , the first aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for a shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized starting. The construction method for the shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized starting includes:

[0052] S101: Construct the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120; wherein the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 are arranged at intervals;

[0053] S102: Construct a connecting passage 130 connecting the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120;

[0054] S103: Set the first shield machine in the first working shaft 110 and set the second shield machine in the second working shaft 120;

[0055] S104: Control the first shield machine to open the first tunnel 140 in the direction away from the second working shaft 120, and control the second shield machine to open the second tunnel 150 in the direction away from the first working shaft 110.

[0056] In the technical solution of this application, first, two working shafts are constructed at intervals, namely the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120. The distance between the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 is determined according to engineering design requirements such as the total opening length of the first tunnel 140 and the second tunnel 150, and it is ensured that there is enough space to build the connecting passage 130. It should be noted that the first tunnel 140 may include multiple passages, and the second tunnel 150 may also include multiple passages. Each passage of the first tunnel 140 corresponds to each passage of the second tunnel 150 one by one. The first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 are arranged at intervals along the tunnel axis direction, avoiding interference between the first shield machine and the second shield machine while ensuring the slag discharge efficiency.

[0057] Next, the construction of the connecting passage 130 connecting the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 is carried out. This process can be completed by traditional excavation techniques or by the tunneling method of the shield machine. The construction of the connecting passage 130 not only provides a physical connection between the two working shafts but also provides a necessary path for the subsequent operation of the shield machine. The designed length of the connecting passage 130 can be determined according to the total length of the first shield machine, the second shield machine, the rear support equipment of the first shield machine, and the rear support equipment of the second shield machine, and the difference in the effective lengths of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120.

[0058] Then, a first shield machine is set in the first working shaft 110, and a second shield machine is set in the second working shaft 120. Among them, the first shield machine and the second shield machine are specially made mechanical equipment for underground tunnel construction, and they can carry out tunneling work according to the predetermined direction and path. It should be noted that the number of first shield machines set in the first working shaft 110 can be multiple, and the number of second shield machines set in the second working shaft 120 can also be multiple. The number of first shield machines and second shield machines is the same as the number of passages to be excavated.

[0059] Finally, control the first shield machine to open the first tunnel 140 in the direction away from the second working shaft 120. At the same time, control the second shield machine to open the second tunnel 150 in the direction away from the first working shaft 110. The back-to-back construction of the first shield machine and the second shield machine can significantly improve the tunnel construction efficiency, reduce the overall construction period, and due to the simultaneous advancement in two directions, it helps to balance the formation pressure and reduce the construction risk.

[0060] The setting of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 not only facilitates the two-way tunneling of the tunnel, but also helps to improve the slag discharging efficiency during the tunnel excavation process and ensure the smooth progress of the tunnel tunneling. It should be noted that during the tunneling process of the tunnel, a support structure is provided on the tunnel wall to enhance the stability of the tunnel. Similarly, a support structure is also provided on the wall of the connecting passage 130, and the support structure includes, but is not limited to, installing a temporary support system in the connecting passage 130 and using special reinforcement materials to build the inner wall of the connecting passage 130, etc.

[0061] Compared with the use of super-large working shafts to excavate tunnels in the related art, in this application, the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 are set to accommodate the first shield machine and the second shield machine. At the same time, the setting of the connecting passage 130 provides a space for placing the rear-end equipment (the connecting passage 130 connects the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120, so the setting of the connecting passage 130 is beneficial to configuring the rear-end bogies for the first shield machine located in the first working shaft 110 and the second shield machine located in the second working shaft 120). As a result, the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 do not need to consider the placement of the rear-end equipment, thereby reducing the volume of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120, shortening the duration of the preliminary project before the tunnel excavation, shortening the tunnel breakthrough time, and further improving the construction efficiency.

[0062] In some embodiments, the construction steps of the connecting passage 130 further include:

[0063] Assemble the first shield machine in the second working shaft 120;

[0064] Control the first shield machine in the second working shaft 120 to open the connecting passage 130 in the direction close to the first working shaft 110; wherein, the tunneling direction of the first shield machine is opposite to the tunneling direction of the second shield machine.

[0065] Specifically, when constructing the connecting passage 130, first assemble the first shield machine in the second working shaft 120, and then control it to excavate the connecting passage 130 in the direction of the first working shaft 110. Thus, after the first shield machine completes the construction of the connecting passage 130, it can directly enter the first working shaft 110 to continue the excavation work of the first tunnel 140 without additional transportation or re-assembly time. Moreover, excavating the connecting passage 130 by the first shield machine can improve the breakthrough efficiency of the connecting passage 130, thereby further improving the overall construction efficiency of the tunnel. In addition, this also provides convenience for the assembly of the second shield machine in the same working shaft. Once the first shield machine completes the construction of the connecting passage 130 and enters the first working shaft 110, the second shield machine can be immediately prepared and started to open the second tunnel 150 along the established direction. This method optimizes the construction process, improves the equipment utilization rate, and simplifies the on-site management.

[0066] When the first shield machine finishes excavating the connecting passage 130 and moves towards the first working shaft 110, guiding devices can be pre-arranged inside the connecting passage 130 to guide the first shield machine to accurately reach the first working shaft 110 and prepare for the startup of the second shield machine. These guiding devices can be tracks, laser guiding systems or other forms of positioning auxiliary tools.

[0067] When the first shield machine penetrates a certain distance into the connecting passage 130, the assembly of the second shield machine can be carried out in the second working shaft 120 to ensure the smoothness of the construction process and further improve the construction efficiency of tunnel excavation.

[0068] First, assemble the first shield machine in the second working shaft 120 and control it to tunnel towards the first working shaft 110 to establish the connecting passage 130. As the first shield machine continuously advances, it gradually approaches the first working shaft 110 until the connecting passage 130 between the two is finally successfully opened. Since the first shield machine is already inside the connecting passage 130, assembling the second shield machine in the second working shaft 120 at this time can avoid affecting the existing structure, ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel while improving the construction efficiency of tunnel excavation.

[0069] The assembly process of the second shield machine includes but is not limited to installing key components such as robotic arms, cutter heads, propulsion systems, etc., and debugging related control systems. After assembly, all components need to be comprehensively inspected to ensure there are no errors before proceeding to the next step.

[0070] Finally, start the second shield machine and let it open the second tunnel 150 in the direction away from the first working shaft 110 (i.e., opposite to the initial tunneling direction of the first shield machine). In this way, the first shield machine and the second shield machine can carry out work in different time periods during the same period. The first shield machine excavates from the second working shaft 120 towards the first working shaft 110, and after entering the first working shaft 110, it continues to advance and starts excavating the first tunnel 140. The second shield machine starts from the second working shaft 120 and excavates in the direction away from the first working shaft 110, thus achieving the effect of two-way starting. This method not only improves work efficiency but also helps maintain the balance of formation pressure and reduce construction risks.

[0071] To optimize the above process, when the first shield machine reaches the predetermined position, a temporary support structure can be pre-set to stabilize the end of the connecting passage 130 and prevent possible deformation or collapse caused by subsequent operations. In addition, automation technology can be used to speed up the assembly speed of the second shield machine, such as using robotic-assisted assembly or presetting the positions of each component and using lifting equipment, etc., to quickly assemble the second shield machine.

[0072] Once the connecting channel 130 is completely opened to the first working shaft 110, the necessary adjustments and calibrations can be made to the various parts of the first shield machine, including but not limited to adjusting the cutter head angle, checking the status of the hydraulic system, confirming that the power supply is normal, etc. After all preparations are ready, the first shield machine can start a new excavation task, that is, the excavation of the first tunnel 140. In other words, after completing the construction of the connecting channel, the first shield machine directly participates in the excavation of the main line tunnel (the first tunnel 140) without the need for additional transportation or reassembly time. At the same time, this also saves a lot of time and resources for the entire project and improves engineering efficiency.

[0073] Considering the complexity of actual construction conditions, before the first shield machine enters the first working shaft 110, a receiving platform or other forms of supporting structures may be pre-arranged inside the working shaft to help smooth the transition and placement of the first shield machine.

[0074] In order to support the operation of the shield machine and ensure the safety and efficiency of the construction process, a supporting platform needs to be built. Therefore, the steps after building the connecting passage 130 connecting the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 include:

[0075] A rear supporting platform is constructed and placed in the connecting passage 130; wherein the rear supporting platform is used to place the rear-end equipment of the first shield machine and the second shield machine.

[0076] First, according to the specific size and shape of the connecting channel 130, a rear supporting platform suitable for placement in the connecting channel 130 is designed and manufactured. This platform is usually made of high-strength steel to ensure sufficient structural strength, and its size should be adapted to the internal space of the connecting channel 130 so that it can be smoothly installed without affecting other operations. In addition, considering the convenience of transportation, the platform may be divided into multiple parts and assembled on site.

[0077] Then, after the connecting channel 130 is completed, the pre-prepared components of the rear supporting platform are transported to the construction site and placed into the connecting channel 130 through special lifting equipment or a rail system to avoid occupying the space of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120, so that the internal space of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 can be more reasonably utilized, including but not limited to slag discharge and replenishment of consumables.

[0078] Finally, after the installation of the platform is completed, it needs to be carefully inspected, including but not limited to the fixing condition of the platform, the surface flatness, etc., to ensure that it meets the storage requirements of the consumables and the backend equipment. The rear support platform is mainly used to support the backend equipment of the first shield machine and the second shield machine, including but not limited to the screw conveyor, the belt conveyor, etc. These equipment are crucial for the transportation of earthwork. Therefore, the platform must be strong and reliable to ensure the continuity and safety during the construction process. The consumables include but not limited to the coolant for cooling the shield machine, the pipe sheets for supporting the tunnel wall surface, etc.

[0079] To improve the construction efficiency and reduce the impact on the environment, a modular-designed rear support platform can be considered. This kind of platform can be flexibly adjusted in length and width according to actual needs, and can even be prefabricated in the factory and directly transported to the site for quick splicing and forming. In addition, some auxiliary functions can be integrated on the platform, such as an automated earthwork transmission system or monitoring instruments, which are used to monitor the working status of the shield machine and the changes in the surrounding geological conditions in real time.

[0080] The steps for constructing the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 include:

[0081] The steps for constructing the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 include:

[0082] Construct the retaining structures of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120;

[0083] Excavate the chambers of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120, and construct the walls 112 of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120; among them, the first working shaft 110 is circular in shape, and the second working shaft 120 is circular in shape;

[0084] Construct the bottom plates of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120.

[0085] Before starting the excavation, first construct the retaining structures to protect the surroundings of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120, preventing the intrusion of external soil or water bodies. This step can be achieved by using diaphragm walls or other forms of retaining walls, and their depth and thickness are determined according to the engineering geological conditions and the expected water level line. The purpose of setting the retaining structures is to provide a safe and stable construction environment for the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120. The retaining structures of the first working shaft 110 are spaced from those of the second working shaft 120.

[0086] Next, excavate the chambers of the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 according to the design drawings. The excavation of the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 can be carried out simultaneously. As the excavation progresses, gradually construct the walls 112 of the first working well 110 and the second working well 120. Here, the walls 112 not only play a supporting role but also bear the function of waterproofing and anti-seepage. The material of the walls 112 can be selected as concrete, and appropriate steel bars can be added to enhance the structural stability. The upper part of the walls 112 can adopt the form of a diaphragm wall combined with a ring beam, and the lower part of the walls 112 can adopt the form of a diaphragm wall combined with an inner lining wall. The set thickness of the walls 112 can be 0.8m. It should be noted that both the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 are circularly designed, and such a shape helps to evenly distribute the pressure, thereby enhancing the durability of the overall structure.

[0087] Compared with the related art in which the working well is designed as a rectangular structure, both the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 in this application are circular, which is beneficial to improving the mechanical performance of the working well while reducing the set thickness of the walls 112 and improving the utilization rate of the cavity space of the first working well 110 and the second working well 120. And the construction period of building the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 in this application is shorter than that of the rectangular working well in the related art, which is beneficial to shortening the tunnel construction period, improving efficiency, and having lower costs. And the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 are arranged at intervals through the connecting passage 130. Compared with only one large rectangular working well in the related art, the technical solution of this application is more convenient for mucking and has a higher mucking efficiency.

[0088] Finally, construct the bottom slabs of the first working well 110 and the second working well 120. The bottom slabs can adopt a reinforced concrete structure. The bottom slabs are not only the foundation parts of the first working well 110 and the second working well 120 but also one of the key parts for the future starting of the first shield machine and the second shield machine. The pouring of the bottom slabs should be carried out strictly in accordance with the specifications to ensure that their flatness and strength meet the design standards. In some cases, a drainage system can be set under the bottom slabs to drain the possibly accumulated groundwater and maintain the dryness inside the working wells.

[0089] Considering different geological conditions, more targeted designs can be adopted for the retaining structures of the working wells. For example, in soft soil layers, reinforcement measures such as deep mixing piles or high-pressure jet grouting can be added to improve the stability of the retaining structures. In addition, to speed up the construction progress, when conditions permit, precast components can be used to construct some structures of the working wells, such as the walls 112 or the roof slabs, which can not only shorten the construction period but also reduce the on-site construction difficulty.

[0090] To ensure the stability of the geological conditions at the starting positions of the first shield machine and the second shield machine before tunneling begins, thus guaranteeing the safety and efficiency of the construction. The preparatory steps before controlling the first shield machine to excavate the first tunnel 140 in a direction away from the second working shaft 120 and controlling the second shield machine to excavate the second tunnel 150 in a direction away from the first working shaft 110 include:

[0091] Construct a first backfill area 111 at the pre-excavation position of the first tunnel 140 in the first working shaft 110, and construct a second backfill area 121 at the pre-excavation position of the second tunnel 150 in the second working shaft 120;

[0092] Fill the first backfill area 111 and the second backfill area 121 with concrete; wherein, the difference between the backfill depth of the concrete in the first backfill area 111 (i.e., the dimension of the first backfill area 111 in the depth direction) and the diameter of the first tunnel 140 is 1 meter, and the top of the first backfill area 111 is higher than the top of the first tunnel 140. In other words, the concrete backfill depth of the first backfill area 111 is 1 meter higher than the top of the first tunnel 140. In this way, the stability of the first tunnel 140 during the tunneling of the first shield machine can be ensured, while avoiding material waste and excessive load on the first working shaft. Similarly, the difference between the backfill depth of the concrete in the second backfill area 121 and the diameter of the second tunnel 150 is also 1 meter, and the top of the second backfill area 121 is higher than the top of the second tunnel 150, that is, it is ensured that the concrete backfill depth of the second backfill area 121 exceeds the top of the second tunnel 150 by 1 meter. The structure of the second backfill area 121 can be similar to that of the first backfill area 111, aiming to provide a solid support for the second shield machine and prevent soil collapse or displacement that may occur during the tunneling process.

[0093] It should be noted that as long as the difference between the backfill depth of the first backfill area 111 and the diameter of the first tunnel is within the range of 0.8 meters to 1.2 meters, it can be considered that the difference between the backfill depth of the first backfill area 111 and the diameter of the first tunnel 140 is 1 meter, so as to adapt to the changes in site conditions while maintaining the safety and reliability of the structure.

[0094] First of all, construct a first backfill area 111 and a second backfill area 121 respectively at the pre-excavation position of the first tunnel 140 in the first working shaft 110 and at the pre-excavation position of the second tunnel 150 in the second working shaft 120. The setting of the first backfill area 111 and the second backfill area 121 provides a solid foundation, enabling the first shield machine and the second shield machine to have a stable stress point when starting, and avoiding the collapse of the passage due to soft soil. For the construction of the first backfill area 111 and the second backfill area 121, first clear the predetermined space and carry out necessary foundation treatment to enhance the bearing capacity.

[0095] Then, use concrete to fill the first backfill area 111 and the second backfill area 121. The concrete can be C20 concrete (concrete that can withstand a maximum pressure of 20 MPa under standard test conditions). The selection of concrete can also consider factors such as strength and setting time to meet the requirements of the construction schedule. During the filling process, special attention should be paid to ensuring the uniformity and density of the concrete pouring to prevent problems such as cavities or uneven settlement.

[0096] Finally, after ensuring that the concrete is completely cured, carry out the subsequent installation and commissioning work of the first shield machine and the second shield machine. This step is crucial because only when the first backfill area 111 and the second backfill area 121 are strong enough can a safe and reliable starting platform be provided for the first shield machine and the second shield machine, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the entire tunnel boring process. Such a design can effectively disperse the huge pressure generated when the first shield machine and the second shield machine start, so that the portal is broken under the restraint of the concrete, avoiding collapse during the portal breaking process and protecting the structures around the passage from damage.

[0097] To further improve the stability of the first backfill area 111 and the second backfill area 121, steel fibers or other reinforcing materials can be added to the concrete to enhance its compressive and tensile properties. In addition, the method of layered pouring can be adopted. After each layer is poured, give appropriate time for the concrete to initially set, and then continue with the pouring of the next layer. This can reduce the crack problems that may be caused by the one-time pouring of large-volume concrete.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown in, the second aspect of the present invention also provides a shield working shaft system 100 capable of two-way centralized starting. The shield working shaft system 100 capable of two-way centralized starting can be constructed by using the construction method of the shield working shaft system capable of two-way centralized starting described in any of the above embodiments. It includes a first working shaft 110, a second working shaft 120, and a connecting passage 130. The first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 are set at intervals, and the two are connected by one or more connecting passages 130. The setting of the connecting passage 130 enables the first shield machine to start in the first working shaft 110 and / or the connecting passage 130, and the second shield machine to start in the second working shaft 120 and / or the connecting passage 130. The size designs of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 must take into account the space requirements for accommodating at least one shield machine and its auxiliary equipment, and at the same time, there must be enough space for transporting soil.

[0099] The first working shaft 110 can be circular in shape, and its interior is equipped with infrastructure for supporting the first shield machine and other equipment, such as tracks, power supply systems, etc. The thickness dimension of the wall 112 and the floor structure are strictly implemented in accordance with the engineering design standards to ensure the overall structural stability and reliability. In addition, supports can be omitted within the circular structure, which makes the construction operation space in the first working shaft 110 larger, the construction more convenient, and the speed faster. Similarly, the second working shaft 120 can also be circular in shape, and its diameter size depends on the number and specifications of the second shield machines expected to be accommodated. The construction of the wall 112 and the floor follows the same strict standards, and the number of second shield machines set is the same as the number of channels expected to be excavated in the project.

[0100] As a key component connecting the two working shafts, the connecting passage 130 not only provides physical connectivity but also allows the first shield machine to enter the first working shaft 110 after the completion of the construction of the connecting passage 130, or the second shield machine to directly start tunnel excavation from the second working shaft 120. At this time, the rear-end equipment connected to the rear end of the second shield machine can be at least partially located within the connecting passage 130. Therefore, the design of the connecting passage 130 needs to fully consider factors such as the operation space and turning radius of the shield machine to ensure the smooth passage of the equipment and the safe conduct of work.

[0101] Considering the changes in actual construction conditions, an intelligent management system can be introduced in the design stage to monitor and manage the operating status of the shield working shafts. This system can collect data in real time through a sensor network, such as geological parameters, equipment operating conditions, etc., and use data analysis techniques to predict potential risks and adjust the construction plan in a timely manner. In addition, in order to cope with emergencies, such as underground obstacles or poor geological conditions, an emergency treatment space can be reserved within the connecting passage 130, and corresponding rescue equipment and technical personnel can be equipped to ensure that a rapid response can be made in any situation to ensure construction safety.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first tunnel 140 includes multiple channels, and the second tunnel 150 includes multiple channels. For the convenience of description, the first tunnel 140 including the first channel 141 and the second channel 142 is taken as an example for illustration. Considering the operation space requirements of the shield machine and the earthwork transportation efficiency, the first working shaft 110 is designed to be able to accommodate at least two first shield machines and have sufficient space for installing auxiliary equipment and performing necessary maintenance operations. The diameter R of the working shaft is determined comprehensively based on multiple factors, including but not limited to the specifications of the shield machine, transportation route planning, etc. It should be noted that the diameters of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 can be the same or different. For the convenience of description, the following takes the diameters of the first working shaft 110 and the second working shaft 120 as being the same as an example for illustration.

[0103] Define the thickness of the wall 112 of the first working shaft 110 as H. The wall 112 not only serves as a support but also undertakes the functions of waterproofing and seepage prevention. Therefore, its thickness needs to be set according to the engineering geological conditions and the expected water pressure to ensure the safety and durability of the structure.

[0104] Next, for the first passage 141 (with a diameter of r1) and the second passage 142 (with a diameter of r2), they are arranged in the same direction but with a certain spacing D. Such a design can effectively disperse the formation pressure, reduce the pressure load borne by a single passage, and is also beneficial for subsequent tunnel interior decoration and facility installation. After subtracting twice the thickness 2H of the wall 112, the sum of the diameters of the two passages r1 + r2, and the spacing D between them from the diameter R of the first working shaft 110, the remaining space should be no less than half of the sum of the diameters of the two passages. That is, it satisfies the formula: 0.5(r1 + r2) ≤ R - (2H + r1 + r2 + D). This ensures that there is enough operating space in the working shaft and also reserves room for possible future expansion or maintenance. It can not only improve the safety of the construction process but also optimize the utilization efficiency of the underground space, reduce the construction cost, and provide convenient conditions for later operation and maintenance. In addition, this layout helps to improve the ventilation conditions and ensure the health of the staff.

[0105] It should be noted that the diameters of the first passage 141 and the second passage 142 can be the same or different.

[0106] To further enhance the structural stability, during actual construction, the thickness H of the wall 112 can be adjusted according to the geological conditions. For example, the thickness of the wall 112 can be appropriately increased on soft soil foundations; or composite materials can be used to enhance the strength of the wall 112. Additionally, an additional support structure such as a partition wall or a reinforcement beam can be considered between the two passages to enhance the overall structural stiffness.

[0107] The first working shaft 110 is provided with a first backfill area 111. The first backfill area 111 is arranged at the pre-opening position of the first tunnel 140. The first backfill area 111 has a first wall surface 113, and the first wall surface 113 is perpendicular to the driving direction of the first tunnel 140. For the convenience of description, define the direction perpendicular to the depth direction and the direction of the axis of the first tunnel 140 as the first direction X. The maximum dimension L of the first backfill area 111 in the first direction X and the diameter d of the first shield machine satisfy: L - d > 500 mm. In this way, the first wall surface 113 of the first backfill area 111 can completely cover the portal (i.e., the tunnel entrance) of the first tunnel 140, thereby ensuring the stability of the first tunnel 140 during the driving process and improving the construction safety.

[0108] In some embodiments, during the construction of the tunnel, in order to improve the stability of the tunnel, segment rings can be arranged on the tunnel wall surface. Thus, along the direction parallel to the direction from the first working shaft 110 to the second working shaft 120, the maximum size of the first backfill area 111 can also be designed according to the size of the segment ring. Specifically, defining the size of the segment ring along the direction parallel to the axis of the first tunnel 140 as M, the maximum size N of the first backfill area 111 in this direction satisfies: 2M ≤ N ≤ 3M.

[0109] The first backfill area 111 is located at the pre-opened position of the first tunnel 140, aiming to provide a solid starting platform for the shield machine and ensure that it has a stable foundation when starting the tunneling operation.

[0110] It should be noted that the size design of the second backfill area 121 can be the same as that of the first backfill area 111.

[0111] The first backfill area 111 has a first wall surface 113, and this first wall surface 113 is perpendicular to the tunneling direction of the first tunnel 140. This perpendicular arrangement helps to evenly distribute the huge pressure generated when the first shield machine starts, preventing the deformation or damage of the first working shaft 110 caused by uneven stress. At the same time, the perpendicular wall surface is also convenient for concrete pouring and leveling treatment, ensuring that the surface of the backfill area is smooth and flat without obvious defects.

[0112] Secondly, regarding the relationship between the maximum size of the first backfill area 111 and the diameter of the first working shaft 110, measured along the direction parallel to the direction from the first working shaft 110 to the second working shaft 120, the maximum size of the first backfill area 111 should be adapted to the diameter of the first working shaft 110. The adaptability here is mainly reflected in ensuring that the backfill area will neither protrude too much to affect the operation of the shield machine nor be too small to provide sufficient supporting force.

[0113] Using concrete to fill the first backfill area 111 is a key step. The selection of concrete should consider multiple aspects such as its strength grade, setting time, and impermeability performance to ensure that the backfill area reaches the required bearing capacity in a short time. During the pouring process, special attention should be paid to ensuring the compactness of the concrete to avoid the occurrence of voids or cracks, which will affect the integrity and safety of the structure. In addition, appropriate curing measures should be taken, such as covering with moisture-proof materials or spraying curing agents, to promote the good hardening of the concrete.

[0114] The first backfill area 111 can not only provide a solid and reliable starting point for the first shield machine, but also, due to its reasonable layout and high-quality building material selection, can greatly improve the success rate of the entire shield construction project and reduce potential risks. It also simplifies the assembly and commissioning process of the first shield machine and saves valuable construction time.

[0115] To cope with special geological conditions, such as high groundwater level areas, a drainage system can be added below the first backfill area 111 to timely drain excess water and maintain a dry working environment. In addition, the method of layered pouring can also be adopted. After each layer is poured, appropriate time is given for the concrete to initially set, and then the next layer is poured. This can reduce the crack problems that may be caused by the one-time pouring of mass concrete. For extreme cases, such as places with geological hazards like karst caves or fracture zones, geological improvement treatments, such as grouting reinforcement, can be carried out in advance to ensure the stability of the foundation at the bottom of the backfill area.

[0116] Similarly, the second working shaft 120 is provided with a second backfill area 121, which is arranged at the pre-opening position of the second tunnel 150, and the second backfill area 121 has a second wall surface that is perpendicular to the driving direction of the second tunnel 150. The setting of the second backfill area 121 helps to improve the safety of the opening of the second tunnel 150 bored by the second shield machine. Specifically, since the second wall surface is perpendicular to the driving direction of the second tunnel 150, the cutting surface of the cutting head of the second shield machine can be parallel to the second wall surface, avoiding the irregular contact between the planar cutting head of the second shield machine and the curved cavity wall of the second working shaft 120, which may affect the service life, and also avoiding problems such as poor stability of the opening of the second tunnel 150.

[0117] In some embodiments, the first working shaft 110 is provided with a first lifting position 114 and a second lifting position 115 that are oppositely arranged. The first lifting position 114 is located on the extension path of the first passage 141, and the second lifting position 115 is located on the extension path of the second passage 142. The first lifting position 114 can be used to lift the first shield machine so that the first shield machine can be assembled in the first working shaft 110, and the assembled first shield machine can be aligned with the first passage 141 without adjusting its position. The second lifting position 115 can be used to lift and assemble another first shield machine so that the first shield machine can excavate the second passage 142. Among them, along the direction parallel to the first working shaft 110 pointing to the second working shaft 120, the length of the first lifting position 114 is at least 5 meters greater than the main body length of the first shield machine, and along the direction perpendicular to the first working shaft 110 pointing to the second working shaft 120, the width of the first lifting position 114 is at least 2 meters greater than the main body width of the first shield machine, so that the first lifting position 114 has sufficient space for the assembly of the first shield machine.

[0118] It should be noted that if there are directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) involved in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0119] In addition, if the embodiments of the present invention involve descriptions such as "first", "second", etc., the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, if "and / or", "and / or" or "and / or" appears throughout the text, its meaning includes three parallel scenarios. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes Scenario A, or Scenario B, or the scenario where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0120] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the description of the specification and drawings of the present invention under the inventive concept of the present invention, or any direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation, characterized in that: include: Constructing the first working shaft and the second working shaft; The first working well and the second working well are arranged at intervals; Constructing a connecting passage connecting the first working well and the second working well; Install a first shield machine in the first working shaft, and install a second shield machine in the second working shaft; The first shield machine is controlled to open a first tunnel in a direction away from the second working shaft, and the second shield machine is controlled to open a second tunnel in a direction away from the first working shaft.

2. The method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step of constructing a connecting passage connecting the first working well and the second working well comprises: Assembling the first shield machine in the second working shaft; The first shield machine is controlled to open the connecting passage in the second working shaft toward the direction close to the first working shaft; wherein the excavation direction of the first shield machine is opposite to the excavation direction of the second shield machine.

3. The method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The step of controlling the first shield machine to open the connecting passage in the second working shaft in a direction close to the first working shaft also includes: After the first shield machine penetrates into the connecting passage, the second shield machine is assembled in the second working shaft; The second shield machine is controlled to open the second tunnel in the second working shaft in a direction away from the first working shaft.

4. The method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The step of controlling the first shield machine to open the connecting passage in the second working shaft in a direction close to the first working shaft also includes: After the connecting passage is connected to the first working shaft, the first shield machine is controlled to enter the first working shaft and the first tunnel is opened in the first working shaft in a direction away from the second working shaft.

5. The method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step after constructing the connecting passage connecting the first working well and the second working well further includes: A rear supporting platform is constructed and placed in the connecting passage; wherein the rear supporting platform is used to place the rear-end equipment of the first shield machine and the second shield machine.

6. The method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of constructing the first working well and the second working well include: Constructing enclosure structures of the first working shaft and the second working shaft; Digging chambers of the first working well and the second working well, and constructing walls of the first working well and the second working well; wherein the first working well is circular in shape, and the second working well is circular in shape; Construct the bottom plates of the first working well and the second working well.

7. The method for constructing a shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The steps before controlling the first shield machine to open the first tunnel in a direction away from the second working shaft and controlling the second shield machine to open the second tunnel in a direction away from the first working shaft include: Constructing a first backfill area in the first tunnel at a pre-opened position of the first working shaft, and constructing a second backfill area in the second tunnel at a pre-opened position of the second working shaft; The first backfill area and the second backfill area are filled with concrete; wherein the difference between the backfill depth of the concrete in the first backfill area and the diameter of the first tunnel is 1m, and the top of the first backfill area is higher than the top of the first tunnel, the difference between the backfill depth of the concrete in the second backfill area and the diameter of the second tunnel is 1m, and the top of the second backfill area is higher than the top of the second tunnel.

8. A shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized launching, characterized in that: The shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation is constructed by the construction method of any one of claims 1 to 7, and the shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation comprises: a first working shaft capable of accommodating at least two of the first shield machines and transporting earth, wherein the first shield machines are used to open the first tunnel; A second working shaft, spaced apart from the first working shaft, the second working shaft being capable of accommodating at least two of the second shield machines and transporting earth, the second shield machines being used to open the second tunnel; A connecting passage connects the first working shaft and the second working shaft, so that the first shield machine can start from the first working shaft and / or the connecting passage, and the second shield machine can start from the second working shaft and / or the connecting passage.

9. The shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The first tunnel includes a first channel and a second channel arranged in the same direction and at intervals; The diameter R of the first working shaft, the thickness H of the wall constructed by the first working shaft, the diameter r1 of the first channel, the diameter r2 of the second channel and the distance D between the first channel and the second channel satisfy: 0.5(r1+r2)≤R-(2H+r1+r2+D).

10. The shield working shaft system capable of bidirectional centralized initiation as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The first working shaft is provided with a first backfill area, the first backfill area is provided at a pre-opening position of the first tunnel, the first backfill area has a first wall surface, and the first wall surface is perpendicular to the excavation direction of the first tunnel; The direction perpendicular to the depth direction and the axis of the first tunnel is the first direction, and the maximum dimension L of the first backfill area in the first direction and the diameter d of the first shield machine satisfy: Ld>500mm.

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