Heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air heat collector and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air heat collector and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of heat collectors. The problem that in the prior art, a solar heat collector is low in overall efficiency is solved. The device comprises a shell, a heat collection cavity is formed in the shell, a photo-thermal conversion phase change material is arranged in the heat collection cavity, a double-layer glass cover plate is arranged at the position, corresponding to the photo-thermal conversion phase change material, of the shell, and an air flow channel is formed in a gap between the photo-thermal conversion phase change material and the double-layer glass cover plate. The shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the air flow channel; the photo-thermal conversion phase change material comprises a phase change material, a shaping material and a photo-thermal conversion material, and a heat preservation cover plate is movably arranged at the position, corresponding to the double-layer glass cover plate, of the shell. The photo-thermal conversion phase change material is used for replacing a heat collection component and a heat storage component, heat collection and heat storage integration is achieved, heat exchange links are reduced, the problem of interface thermal resistance is solved, and the overall efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of collectors, and particularly relates to a heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector and its usage method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, has received increasing attention. Solar heat collection technology, especially solar air collectors, has become one of the widely applied energy collection and utilization technologies. Traditional solar air collectors generally rely on heat collection plates to convert solar radiation into heat energy, and then the heat is carried away by air flow for storage or direct heating. However, such collectors have some inherent defects, mainly reflected in the heat collection efficiency and heat storage capacity.

[0003] Firstly, there is an interfacial thermal resistance between the heat collection plate and the heat storage device in traditional solar air collectors, that is, heat loss occurs during the process of heat transfer from the heat collection plate to the heat storage device, which affects the effective utilization of heat energy. This thermal resistance not only reduces the overall efficiency of the system but also may lead to waste of energy during the storage stage.

[0004] Secondly, traditional collectors rely on heat collection plates for photothermal conversion, which makes the system only work during the day, and the collectors cannot effectively store heat energy, resulting in strong time limitations in the utilization of solar energy. Especially on cloudy days or at night, traditional solar collectors are difficult to provide continuous heating and cannot meet the all-weather heating demand.

[0005] In order to improve the thermal utilization efficiency of solar collectors and extend their heating time, phase change energy storage technology has gradually attracted attention. Phase change materials have the characteristic of absorbing or releasing a large amount of latent heat during the phase change process, which makes them an ideal solution for the integration of solar heat collection and storage. Phase change materials can absorb solar energy during the day and store it as heat energy, and release heat at night or on cloudy days to provide a continuous heat source stably. Due to the large energy storage density of phase change materials and almost isothermal change during the phase change process, heat loss can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the heat collection and heat storage efficiency of the system.

[0006] However, existing solar collector systems still mostly rely on traditional heat collection plates and heat storage devices, and such systems have the problem of separation between heat collection and heat storage, resulting in low overall efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector and its usage method, aiming to directly use photothermal conversion phase change materials for heat collection and storage, thereby effectively eliminating heat loss in traditional systems, solving the problem of separation between heat collection and heat storage, and improving the heat collection efficiency and heat storage capacity of solar energy.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A heat collection / storage integrated solar phase change air collector, comprising a housing, a heat collection cavity is arranged inside the housing, a photo-thermal conversion phase change material is arranged inside the heat collection cavity, a double-layer glass cover plate is arranged on the housing at a position corresponding to the photo-thermal conversion phase change material, and the double-layer glass cover plate is located above the photo-thermal conversion phase change material. A gap between the photo-thermal conversion phase change material and the double-layer glass cover plate forms an air flow channel, and an air inlet and an air outlet communicated with the air flow channel are arranged on the housing;

[0010] The photo-thermal conversion phase change material includes a phase change material, a shape-stabilized material and a photo-thermal conversion material;

[0011] A heat preservation cover plate is movably arranged on the housing at a position corresponding to the double-layer glass cover plate, and the heat preservation cover plate is located above the double-layer glass cover plate.

[0012] After adopting this technical solution, compared with the prior art, the photo-thermal conversion phase change material replaces the heat collection component and the heat storage component, realizes the integration of heat collection and storage, reduces the heat exchange link, solves the problem of interfacial thermal resistance, and improves the overall efficiency. The photo-thermal conversion phase change material is a solid-solid phase change and improves its thermal conductivity, solving the problems of low thermal conductivity and easy leakage of the phase change material.

[0013] Preferably, the phase change material includes one or more of hydrocarbon phase change materials, fatty acid phase change materials, ester phase change materials and alcohol phase change materials;

[0014] The shape-stabilized material includes polymer materials and / or porous materials;

[0015] The photo-thermal conversion material includes one or more of metal nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials and organic materials.

[0016] After adopting this technical solution, when the phase change material absorbs light energy and converts it into heat energy, the temperature rises to a certain extent, and the material begins to undergo a phase change (usually from solid to liquid). During this process, the material can absorb and store a large amount of heat, thus effectively extending the heat storage time. During the phase change process, the phase change material stores heat energy in the form of latent heat, which can avoid excessive temperature, reduce heat storage loss and stabilize the temperature. The role of the shaping material is to provide structural support for the composite material and maintain its shape stability. Since the phase change material may undergo volume changes (usually from solid to liquid) during the phase change process, the shaping material helps to fix the shape and prevent the phase change material from changing its shape due to thermal expansion or contraction (changing from solid-liquid change to solid-solid change), ensuring the long-term stability of the material. The shaping material usually has good mechanical strength and thermal stability, and can support the structure of the entire composite material. The photothermal conversion material has good light absorption performance, can efficiently absorb sunlight and convert it into heat, thereby heating the phase change material and enabling the phase change material to start the phase change process faster under solar radiation.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of the phase change material, the shaping material and the photothermal conversion material is 85:15:2 - 6.

[0018] Furthermore, the photothermal conversion phase change material is a paraffin / hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) / expanded graphite (EG) composite phase change material, and the mass ratio of the phase change material, the shaping material and the photothermal conversion material is 85:15:4.

[0019] After adopting this technical solution, paraffin is an organic substance. According to the principle of similar compatibility, the polymer material has good compatibility with paraffin and can form a stable composite system with paraffin. Among polymer materials, according to previous studies, the effect of SEBS is more excellent. The molecular weight requirement of SEBS: High molecular weight SEBS has better compatibility, shaping effect and thermal stability with paraffin. The molecular weight selected in this article is 200000 g / mol.

[0020] Reasons for choosing EG: 1. EG has excellent thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion performance. 2. Compared with materials such as carbon nanotubes, EG has a low price and is more suitable for large-scale applications such as solar collectors.

[0021] Preferably, the double-layer glass cover plate is composed of two pieces of ultra-white high-transmittance tempered glass, and a dry air layer is arranged between the two pieces of ultra-white high-transmittance tempered glass.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the ultra-white high-transmittance tempered glass is 3 - 8 mm, and the thickness of the dry air layer is 6 - 24 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the thickness of the ultra-white high-transmittance tempered glass is 5 mm, and the thickness of the dry air layer is 20 mm.

[0024] Preferably, a thermal insulation layer is provided inside the housing. A placement groove is provided inside the thermal insulation layer. An inner container is provided inside the placement groove. An opening is provided at the position where the inner container faces the double-layer glass cover plate. The photo-thermal conversion phase change material is arranged inside the inner container.

[0025] The usage method of the integrated solar phase change air collector for heat collection / heat storage and its usage method include the following two working modes:

[0026] The mode of heat storage first and then heat release: During the day, the air inlet and the air outlet are closed, and the heat preservation cover plate is opened. Solar radiation reaches the photo-thermal conversion phase change material, and the photo-thermal conversion phase change material converts solar energy into heat energy. The heat energy is conducted to the inside of the photo-thermal conversion phase change material through heat conduction and stored; when the solar radiation intensity is insufficient or the heat storage is completed, the heat preservation cover plate is closed; when heating is required at night, the air inlet and the air outlet are opened, and air flows through the air flow channel and absorbs the heat of the photo-thermal conversion phase change material in the air flow channel. The temperature of the air rises after absorbing heat and is discharged from the air outlet into the building to heat the building;

[0027] The mode of heat storage while heat release: During the day, the air inlet and the air outlet are opened, and the heat preservation cover plate is opened. Solar radiation reaches the photo-thermal conversion phase change material, and the photo-thermal conversion phase change material converts solar energy into heat energy. Part of the heat is taken away by air flow and directly used for heating, and the rest of the heat is conducted to the inside of the photo-thermal conversion phase change material through heat conduction and stored; when the solar radiation intensity fluctuates, the heat energy stored inside the photo-thermal conversion phase change material is released to relieve the fluctuation of the outlet temperature. When the solar radiation intensity is insufficient, the heat preservation cover plate is closed for heat preservation to reduce heat loss.

[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] Compared with the prior art, in the present invention, the photo-thermal conversion phase change material replaces the heat collection component and the heat storage component, realizes the integration of heat collection and heat storage, reduces the heat exchange link, solves the problem of interfacial thermal resistance, and improves the overall efficiency. The photo-thermal conversion phase change material is a solid-solid phase change and its thermal conductivity is improved, solving the problems of low thermal conductivity and easy leakage of the phase change material. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the integrated photo-thermal conversion phase change solar air collector provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a side cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the integrated photo-thermal conversion phase change solar air collector provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3Schematic front cross-sectional structure diagram of the integrated solar air collector with photothermal conversion and phase change provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Flow chart for the preparation of the photothermal conversion phase change material in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Performance result diagram when the photothermal conversion phase change materials with three mass ratios are used in the collector;

[0035] Figure 6 Leakage test result diagram of the photothermal conversion phase change material at 80°C;

[0036] Figure 7 Heat collection / heat storage effect diagram in the heat storage first and then heat release mode provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 Heat collection / heat storage effect diagram in the mode of heat storage while heat releasing provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Among them, 1 - thermal insulation cover plate, 2 - double-layer glass cover plate, 3 - air flow channel, 4 - air inlet, 5 - air outlet, 6 - photothermal conversion phase change material, 7 - inner tank, 8 - thermal insulation layer, 9 - housing. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application claimed, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] As Figure 1-3 shown, the integrated solar phase change air collector for heat collection and heat storage includes a housing 9. A heat collection cavity is provided inside the housing 9, and a photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 is arranged in the heat collection cavity. A double-layer glass cover plate 2 is provided on the housing 9 at a position corresponding to the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6. As Figure 1 shown, the double-layer glass cover plate 2 is located directly above the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 to cover and shield it. The gap between the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 and the double-layer glass cover plate 2 forms an air flow channel 3. An air inlet 4 and an air outlet 5 communicating with the air flow channel 3 are provided on the housing 9. The air flow channel 3 is located between the double-layer glass cover plate 2 and the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 and is the path for air flow. Air flows in the air flow channel 3, and its temperature is increased when it passes through the heated photo-thermal conversion phase change material. The two ends of the air flow channel 3 are respectively the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5, which can be connected to a fan or the ventilation system of a building. The housing 9 serves as the frame and carrier of the collector, mainly for carrying and fixing each component. The housing 9 is made of a metal material with strong weather resistance (such as aluminum alloy or steel) to ensure the stability and durability of the collector in the long-term outdoor environment. The design of the housing 9 not only has structural strength but also can effectively prevent heat dissipation. In this embodiment, the air inlet 4 is connected to a fan to force the air flow in the air flow channel, thereby improving the heat collection efficiency.

[0042] The photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 includes a phase change material, a shaping material, and a photo-thermal conversion material. The photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 is composed of a phase change material, a shaping material, and a photo-thermal conversion material, which can not only efficiently perform photo-thermal conversion but also has strong heat storage capacity, with higher thermal efficiency and longer heat storage time;

[0043] A heat preservation cover plate 1 is movably arranged on the housing 9 at a position corresponding to the double-layer glass cover plate 2. The movable heat preservation cover plate 1 is made of polyurethane heat preservation material and is located at the top of the collector for reducing heat loss. In this embodiment, the heat preservation cover plate 1 is connected to the housing 9 through a drawer slide rail and can be pulled out or closed as needed. When heat collection is not required, the heat preservation cover plate 1 is closed to keep the internal heat; when heat collection is carried out, the heat preservation cover plate 1 is pulled out so that light can irradiate the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 inside the collector. In this embodiment, the housing 9 is 1500 mm long, 600 mm wide, and 167 mm high. The thickness of the heat preservation cover plate 1 is 30 mm; the thickness of the air flow channel 3 is 40 mm; the thickness of the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 is 30 mm; the thickness of the housing 1 is 2 mm. The sizes of the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are both 550 mm * 40 mm.

[0044] In one embodiment, the phase change material includes one or more of hydrocarbon phase change materials, fatty acid phase change materials, ester phase change materials, and alcohol phase change materials;

[0045] The shaping material includes one or more of polymer materials, inorganic materials, fiber materials, porous materials, frameworks, polymer / inorganic composites, and polymer / carbon-based composites;

[0046] The photothermal conversion material includes one or more of metal nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials, and organic materials.

[0047] In one embodiment, the photothermal conversion phase change material 6 is a paraffin / hydrogenated styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) / expanded graphite (EG) composite phase change material. Specifically, the preparation method of the photothermal conversion phase change material 6 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0048] Mix PW and SEBS at a constant temperature of 120 °C for 2 h according to the ratio to obtain a transparent gel-like PW / SEBS mixture. Then transfer the mixture to an oil bath at 165 °C, slowly add EG (EG is 100 mesh) to the PW / SEBS mixture, and stir at a speed of 140 rpm for 1 h. Finally, pour it into a mold and cool to room temperature. Figure 5 The left figure shows the application of the photothermal conversion phase change material to a collector. After irradiating with 800 W / m 2 The average temperature change of the PCM after 5 h of light irradiation. The right figure is the calculated heat storage efficiency diagram (the average heat storage efficiency is the ratio of the internal energy obtained by the PCM to the incident solar radiation energy when the temperature of the PCM changes from the initial state to the temperature after complete melting (taking 50 °C)). From Figure 5 It can be seen that the PCM with 4%wt EG has the highest temperature. This is because the addition of EG will improve the light absorption performance and thermal conductivity of the PCM. The improvement of the light absorption performance plays a positive role in increasing the temperature of the PCM. However, the improvement of the thermal conductivity will also increase the heat loss of the collector. Therefore, overall, when the EG mass fraction is low, the addition of EG can increase the temperature of the PCM. When the EG mass fraction is high (6%wt), the increase in the heat loss of the collector by EG plays a dominant role, and the temperature of the PCM starts to decrease instead. Therefore Figure 5 It can be seen that the material mass ratio of 85:15:4 has the best effect. The thermal conductivity detection data of the three ratios are shown in Table 1 below. From Table 1, it can be seen that the present invention effectively improves the thermal conductivity, and the highest thermal conductivity can reach 1.42 Wm -1 K -1 .

[0049] Table 1

[0050]

[0051] An anti-leakage experiment was conducted on the photothermal conversion phase change material 6, and the results are as follows Figure 6 (after heating), Figure 6 The white sample in the figure is PW / SESS = 85:15 without EG, and the black sample is PW / SESS / EG = 85:15:4. The shape stability of the test sample was heated and tested on a hot stage at 80 °C. From Figure 6 It can be seen that after heating for 40 minutes, it can be found that melting and liquid flow occur at the white bottom, while no obvious leakage phenomenon was found in the sample with EG added, and it can maintain its original shape. Since the greater the content of EG, the less likely the sample is to leak, so the fact that PW / SESS / EG = 85:15:4 does not leak means that PW / SESS / EG = 85:15:6 will not leak either.

[0052] In one embodiment, the double-glass cover 2 is composed of two ultra-clear high-transmittance tempered glasses, and a dry air layer is arranged between the two ultra-clear high-transmittance tempered glasses. This dry air layer plays a good heat insulation role and reduces the heat dissipation. The two ultra-clear high-transmittance tempered glasses are sealed by a sealing strip to ensure the dryness of the dry air layer, thereby improving the heat insulation performance. The double-glass cover 2 is made of ultra-clear high-transmittance tempered glass, which can maximize the light transmittance and ensure that solar energy can effectively enter the collector. The thickness of the double-glass cover 2 is 30 mm, and the thickness of a single ultra-clear high-transmittance tempered glass is 5 mm; the thickness of the dry air layer is 20 mm.

[0053] In one embodiment, a heat insulation layer 8 is arranged in the housing 9, a placement groove is arranged in the heat insulation layer 8, an inner container 7 is arranged in the placement groove, an opening is arranged at the position where the inner container 7 faces the double-glass cover 2, and the photothermal conversion phase change material 6 is arranged in the inner container 7. The heat insulation layer 8 wraps the bottom and side surfaces of the inner container 7, mainly playing the role of reducing heat dissipation. In this embodiment, the heat insulation layer 8 is composed of polyurethane material and has a thickness of 40 mm. The filling and sealing of the heat insulation layer 8 mainly adopt polyurethane foaming agent and glass sealant to ensure the best heat insulation effect. The inner container 7 is the carrier of the photothermal conversion phase change material 6, and is rectangular as a whole, composed of a bottom surface and four side surfaces. In this embodiment, the inner container 7 is made of stainless steel material with a thickness of 2 mm, which can effectively support the photothermal conversion phase change material and improve the structural strength. The inner container 7 has no upper cover design, which is convenient for installation and maintenance, and also allows heat to be conducted more effectively into the photothermal conversion phase change material 6. The thickness of the inner container 7 is 2 mm;

[0054] The usage method of the integrated solar phase change air collector for heat collection / heat storage includes the following two working modes:

[0055] Pre-heating and then heat-release mode: From 10:00 am to 17:00 pm, the integrated solar phase change air collector for heat collection and storage starts the heat storage process. During this process, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are closed, and the heat preservation cover plate 1 is manually opened. Solar radiation reaches the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6, and the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 converts solar energy into heat energy, which is conducted through heat conduction to the inside of the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 and stored; when the solar radiation intensity is insufficient or the heat storage is completed, the heat preservation cover plate 1 is closed; when heating is required at night, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opened, and the air flows through the air flow channel 3 and then the temperature rises and is discharged from the air outlet 5 into the building to heat the building; as Figure 7 shown, during the heat storage process, the temperature at the air outlet 5 end fluctuates with the change of solar radiation intensity, and the fluctuation range is small, and the overall temperature remains within the range of 40±5°C. By 17:00 pm, the solar radiation intensity begins to weaken, and the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 of the integrated solar phase change air collector for heat collection and storage are opened, and the temperature at the outlet end rises rapidly. Due to the sharp drop in solar illuminance, at 17:30 and 19:00, the temperature at the outlet end drops rapidly. By 19:30, when the solar illuminance is close to zero, the heat preservation cover plate 1 is manually closed. At this time, the temperature at the outlet end approaches the ambient temperature at 23:30. The entire heat storage and heat release process lasts until 21:00 pm, and the average temperature of the heat collection air of the integrated solar phase change air collector for heat collection and storage increases by about 8°C, and the overall solar energy utilization rate is 7.22%.

[0056] Among them, the calculation formula for the solar energy utilization rate is:

[0057]

[0058] Solar energy utilization rate (η air-S ) is defined as the ratio of the energy for heating air by the collector to the total solar radiation energy received by the collector during the day. It reflects the degree to which solar energy is truly utilized. is the air mass flow rate, kg / s; C p is the specific heat capacity of air, J / (kg·°C); T out(t) is the real-time collector outlet temperature, °C; T in(t) is the real-time collector inlet temperature, °C; A represents the heat collection area, m 2 ; S (t) is the real-time solar radiation intensity, W / m 2 ; the subscript t is time, s;

[0059] Heat storage and heat release mode: During the day, the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5 are opened, and the heat preservation cover plate 1 is manually opened. Solar radiation reaches the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6, and the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 converts solar energy into heat energy. Part of the heat is taken away by air flow and directly used for heating, and the remaining heat is conducted into the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 through heat conduction and stored; when the solar radiation intensity fluctuates, the heat energy stored inside the photo-thermal conversion phase change material 6 is released to relieve the fluctuation of the outlet temperature. When the solar radiation intensity is insufficient, the heat preservation cover plate 1 is closed for heat preservation to reduce heat loss. From Figure 8 It can be seen that at 19:30, when the solar radiation intensity decreased significantly, the heat preservation cover plate 1 was manually closed. At this time, the outlet temperature was initially equal to the ambient temperature, and then from 7:30 in the morning until about 3 o'clock the next day, the outlet temperature was always higher than the ambient temperature. During the day, the outlet temperature fluctuated with the change of solar radiation, and the maximum temperature could reach 60 °C. During the period from 9:00 in the morning to 21:00 in the evening, the average temperature of the heat collection air of the integrated solar energy phase change air collector for heat collection and heat storage increased by about 11 °C, and the overall solar energy utilization rate was 27.45% (the formula is as above).

[0060] The above-described embodiments only represent the specific implementation manners of the present application, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the technical solution of the present application, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Integrated heat collection / heat storage solar phase change air collector, characterized by: The invention comprises a shell (9), wherein a heat collection cavity is arranged in the shell (9), wherein a light-heat conversion phase change material (6) is arranged in the heat collection cavity, wherein a double-layer glass cover plate (2) is arranged on the shell (9) at a position corresponding to the position of the light-heat conversion phase change material (6), and the double-layer glass cover plate (2) is located above the light-heat conversion phase change material (6), and an air flow channel (3) is formed in a gap between the light-heat conversion phase change material (6) and the double-layer glass cover plate (2), and an air inlet (4) and an air outlet (5) which are connected to the air flow channel (3) are arranged on the shell (9); The photothermal conversion phase change material (6) comprises a phase change material, a shaping material and a photothermal conversion material; A heat-insulating cover plate (1) is movably provided on the shell (9) at a position corresponding to the position of the double-layer glass cover plate (2), and the heat-insulating cover plate (1) is located above the double-layer glass cover plate (2).

2. The heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The phase change material includes one or more of hydrocarbon phase change materials, fatty acid phase change materials, ester phase change materials and alcohol phase change materials; The shaped material comprises a polymer material and / or a porous material; The photothermal conversion material includes one or more of metal nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, semiconductor materials and organic materials.

3. The heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mass ratio of the phase change material, the shaped material and the photothermal conversion material is 85:15:2-6.

4. The heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer glass cover plate (2) is composed of two pieces of ultra-white high-light-transmittance tempered glass, and a dry air layer is arranged between the two pieces of ultra-white high-light-transmittance tempered glass.

5. The heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The thickness of ultra-clear high-transmittance tempered glass is 3 to 8 mm, and the thickness of the dry air layer is 6 to 24 mm.

6. The heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell (9) is provided with a heat-insulating layer (8), a placement groove is provided in the heat-insulating layer (8), an inner liner (7) is provided in the placement groove, an opening is provided at a position of the inner liner (7) opposite to the double-layer glass cover plate (2), and a light-heat conversion phase change material (6) is provided in the inner liner (7).

7. A method for using the heat collection / heat storage integrated solar phase change air collector according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: There are two working modes: Heat storage followed by heat release mode: during the day, the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) are closed, the heat preservation cover (1) is opened, and solar radiation reaches the photothermal conversion phase change material (6), which converts solar energy into thermal energy, which is then transferred to the interior of the photothermal conversion phase change material (6) through heat conduction and stored; when the intensity of solar radiation is insufficient or heat storage is completed, the heat preservation cover (1) is closed; when heating is required at night, the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) are opened, and air flows through the air flow channel (3) and absorbs heat from the photothermal conversion phase change material (6) in the air flow channel (3), and the air absorbs heat and its temperature rises and is discharged from the air outlet (5) into the building to heat the building; Heat storage and heat release mode: during the day, the air inlet (4) and the air outlet (5) are opened, the thermal insulation cover (1) is opened, and the solar radiation reaches the photothermal conversion phase change material (6). The photothermal conversion phase change material (6) converts the solar energy into thermal energy. Part of the heat is carried away by the air flow and directly used for heating, and the rest of the heat is transferred to the inside of the photothermal conversion phase change material (6) through heat conduction and stored. When the intensity of solar radiation fluctuates, the heat energy stored in the photothermal conversion phase change material (6) is released to alleviate the fluctuation of the outlet temperature. When the intensity of solar radiation is insufficient, the thermal insulation cover (1) is closed to keep warm and reduce heat loss.

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