Engine working condition testing method and system based on electronic water pump

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine working condition testing method and system based on an electronic water pump, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the temperature scanning of an engine under different working conditions, and obtaining the optimal working water temperature under the current working condition; gradually reducing the duty ratio of the electronic water pump under the optimal working water temperature condition of the current working condition; cylinder cover metal temperature and boiling conditions in the electronic water pump duty ratio reducing process are monitored; whether any one of the cylinder cover metal temperature and the water temperature reaches a critical value or not is judged; wherein the critical value comprises an allowable maximum calorific value of the engine and a water temperature boiling boundary value; if yes, the duty ratio of the electronic water pump and the water flow of the electronic water pump under the working condition are marked as optimal values. The method has the beneficial effects that the minimum water flow of the electronic water pump is controlled by increasing boiling risk assessment and taking the optimal working water temperature of the engine as the reference, so that the optimal working condition of the engine is evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of vehicle engines, and particularly to an engine operating condition testing method and system based on an electric water pump. Background Art

[0002] To improve engine efficiency, hybrid-specific engines usually adopt a design without a front-end gear train, and use an electric water pump to provide the engine cooling requirements as needed to ensure that the engine always operates at the optimal water temperature. Usually, a closed-loop control is performed based on the target water temperature and the actual water temperature, or the water pump makes intermittent movements.

[0003] Currently, the development and testing of the minimum water flow rate of the electric water pump only rely on scanning the cylinder head temperature field, and define the minimum water flow rate according to the requirement that the cylinder head metal temperature does not exceed the specified value, without considering boiling and the optimal operating water temperature of the engine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of this application provide an engine operating condition testing method based on an electric water pump, which evaluates the optimal operating conditions of the engine by adding a boiling risk assessment and controlling the minimum water flow rate of the electric water pump based on the optimal operating water temperature of the engine.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of this application provide an engine operating condition testing method based on an electric water pump, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0006] An engine operating condition testing method based on an electric water pump, the method includes:

[0007] Perform temperature scanning on the engine under different operating conditions to obtain the optimal operating water temperature under the current operating condition;

[0008] Gradually reduce the duty ratio of the electric water pump under the condition of the optimal operating water temperature of the current operating condition;

[0009] Monitor the cylinder head metal temperature and boiling condition during the process of reducing the duty ratio of the electric water pump;

[0010] Judge whether any value of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches a critical value; wherein, the critical value includes the hottest value allowed by the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature;

[0011] If so, mark the duty ratio of the electric water pump and the water flow rate of the electric water pump under this operating condition as the optimal value.

[0012] The engine condition testing method based on an electronic water pump proposed by the present invention obtains the optimal working water temperature by performing temperature scanning under various engine conditions; and gradually controls and adjusts the duty ratio of the electronic water pump to determine the fuel consumption and knock data under various condition conditions, thereby determining the optimal condition of the engine. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by evaluating the boiling risk and controlling the minimum water flow of the electronic water pump based on the optimal working water temperature of the engine, the optimal duty ratio of the electronic water pump of the engine under various condition conditions is determined, the optimal engine fuel consumption and knock value are determined, and the operating efficiency of the engine is improved, especially for the application of hybrid engines.

[0013] Furthermore, the engine condition testing method based on an electronic water pump proposed by the embodiments of the present invention further has the following additional technical features:

[0014] Preferably, after the step of determining whether any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches the critical value, the following steps are further included:

[0015] If not, return and execute the step of reducing the duty ratio of the electronic water pump.

[0016] Preferably, the step of obtaining the optimal working water temperature under the current condition specifically includes:

[0017] Taking the maximum allowable water temperature of the engine as a threshold, controlling the operating state of the engine to gradually reduce the operating power of the engine;

[0018] Recording the temperature values, fuel consumption, and knock parameters during the temperature drop process;

[0019] Determining the optimal operating state and the water temperature value under this operating state according to the relationship curve between fuel consumption and knock;

[0020] Marking this water temperature value as the optimal working water temperature under the current condition.

[0021] Preferably, the step of performing temperature scanning on the engine under different condition conditions specifically includes:

[0022] Obtaining exhaust parameters according to the set rotation speed data of the current engine condition;

[0023] Calculating the surface temperature distribution of the heat source component according to the exhaust parameters and the structural parameters of the heat source component in the exhaust system;

[0024] Determining multiple high heat load points according to the surface temperature distribution;

[0025] Performing temperature acquisition on the high heat load points.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an engine condition testing system based on an electronic water pump. The system includes:

[0027] Temperature acquisition module: used to perform temperature scanning on the engine under different operating conditions and obtain the optimal working water temperature under the current operating condition;

[0028] Belt water pump control module: used to gradually reduce the duty ratio of the electronic water pump under the condition of the optimal working water temperature in the current operating condition;

[0029] Temperature monitoring module: used to monitor the cylinder head metal temperature and boiling condition during the process of reducing the duty ratio of the electronic water pump;

[0030] First judgment module: used to judge whether any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches the critical value; wherein, the critical value includes the maximum allowable temperature of the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature;

[0031] Data storage module: used to record the duty ratio of the electronic water pump and the water flow rate under this operating condition;

[0032] Comparison module: used to compare the fuel consumption and knock data under each operating condition and determine the optimal operating condition.

[0033] Preferably, the system further includes:

[0034] Return module: used when any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature does not reach the critical value; wherein, the critical value includes the maximum allowable temperature of the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature.

[0035] Preferably, the temperature acquisition module specifically includes:

[0036] Engine power control unit: used to use the maximum allowable water temperature of the engine as a threshold to control the operating state of the engine and gradually reduce the operating power of the engine;

[0037] Parameter recording unit: used to record the temperature value, fuel consumption and knock parameters during the temperature drop process;

[0038] Relationship curve drawing unit: used to determine the optimal operating state and the water temperature value under this operating state according to the relationship curve between fuel consumption and knock;

[0039] Calibration unit: used to mark this water temperature value as the optimal working water temperature under the current operating condition.

[0040] Preferably, the temperature acquisition module specifically includes:

[0041] Data acquisition unit: used to obtain exhaust parameters according to the set speed data of the current engine operating condition;

[0042] Simulation calculation unit: used to calculate the surface temperature distribution of the heat source component according to the exhaust parameters and the structural parameters of the heat source component in the exhaust system;

[0043] Temperature distribution point determination unit: Determine multiple points with high heat load according to the surface temperature distribution;

[0044] Temperature acquisition unit: Used to acquire the temperature of the points with high heat load.

[0045] The details of one or more embodiments of the present application are presented in the following drawings and description to make other features, objectives, and advantages of the present application more concise and understandable. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0046] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and form a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present application. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the engine condition test method based on an electronic water pump proposed in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the flowchart of the method for obtaining the optimal working water temperature under the current working condition;

[0049] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the flowchart of the method for performing temperature scanning on the engine under different working conditions. Detailed Embodiments

[0050] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be described and explained below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments provided in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0051] Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, the present application can also be applied to other similar scenarios based on these drawings. In addition, it can also be understood that although the efforts made in such a development process may be complex and lengthy, for those of ordinary skill in the art related to the content disclosed in the present application, some design, manufacturing, or production changes based on the technical content disclosed in the present application are only conventional technical means and should not be understood as the content disclosed in the present application being insufficient.

[0052] Reference to "embodiment" in this application means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase appearing at various positions in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by those with ordinary skills in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words such as "a", "an", "one kind", "the" and the like involved in this application do not represent a quantity limitation and can represent a singular or plural number. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof involved in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may further include steps or units not listed, or may further include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words such as "connect", "be connected", "couple" and the like involved in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The "plurality" involved in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after. The terms "first", "second", "third" and the like involved in this application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order for the objects.

[0054] To improve the engine efficiency, hybrid dedicated engines usually adopt a design without a front-end gear train, use an electronic water pump to provide the engine cooling requirements as needed, ensure that the engine always operates at the optimal water temperature, and usually perform closed-loop control with the target water temperature and the actual water temperature or the water pump makes intermittent movements.

[0055] However, the current minimum water flow development test of the electronic water pump only defines the minimum water flow by scanning the cylinder head temperature field according to the requirement that the cylinder head metal temperature does not exceed the required value, without considering boiling and the optimal operating water temperature of the engine. As a result, the fuel consumption and knock parameters obtained by the engine under various working conditions are not the ideal optimal values.

[0056] Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention proposes an engine condition test method based on an electronic water pump to solve the above problems.

[0057] Please refer toFigure 1 , is a flow chart of an engine operating condition test method based on an electronic water pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. The engine operating condition test method based on an electronic water pump according to the present invention specifically includes:

[0058] Step S10, performing a temperature scan on the engine under different operating conditions to obtain the optimal working water temperature under the current operating condition.

[0059] It can be understood that the main purpose of the present invention is to solve the mechanical energy conversion efficiency of the hybrid engine. Based on this, it is necessary to test and optimize the efficiency of the engine under different working conditions. For example, but not limited to, the working conditions generally involved in the hybrid engine are: 1. Efficient energy replenishment under the condition of the highest efficiency of the engine; 2. The engine continues to run at high power in the feeding state to meet the vehicle kinetic energy requirements and maintain energy replenishment; 3. In the saturation state of the vehicle computer, but in some special reasons, the engine needs to run, the bottom energy replenishment or no energy replenishment (for example, the vehicle engine detects that it has not been running for a long time, and the vehicle engine itself requires a short-term operation); 4. The working conditions for the vehicle power demand when the driver switches the vehicle mode. Therefore, it is necessary to design the working conditions of the hybrid engine according to various vehicle use environments, vehicle modulation and other factors. Therefore, when the vehicle engine is evaluated for the optimal working condition, the present invention tests various parameters of various working conditions. This application mainly designs the collection, recording and analysis and evaluation of fuel consumption, knock and temperature parameters under the running state of the engine. Parameters not related to the invention point of this application are not described one by one in this application.

[0060] Step S20, gradually reducing the duty cycle of the electronic water pump under the optimal working water temperature condition of the current working condition.

[0061] It should be noted that: under the action of the one-way valve, positive pressure is formed at the water pump outlet and vacuum is formed at the water pump outlet, thereby generating a pressure difference with the external atmospheric pressure, so that water is pressed into the water inlet and then discharged from the water outlet. Under the continuous action of the motor, water is continuously sucked in and discharged, forming a stable water flow. The purpose of water flow regulation is to continuously circulate water through the radiator engine cylinder parts to take away heat and ensure that the engine does not overheat. By adjusting the duty cycle of the electronic water pump, the temperature value of the engine can be effectively controlled, thereby achieving a better working environment for the engine.

[0062] Step S30, monitoring the cylinder head metal temperature and boiling condition during the process of reducing the duty cycle of the electronic water pump.

[0063] Step S40, determining whether any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches a critical value.

[0064] Among them, the critical values include the maximum allowable temperature of the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature; it can be understood that the closer the metal temperature of the cylinder head and the water temperature are to the critical values, the higher the thermal efficiency of the current engine indicates.

[0065] Step S41, if so, mark the duty ratio of the electric water pump and the water flow rate of the electric water pump under this condition as the optimal values.

[0066] In summary, the engine condition testing method based on the electric water pump provided by the present invention scans the temperature under various engine conditions by controlling variables to obtain the optimal working water temperature; and gradually controls and adjusts the duty ratio of the electric water pump to determine the fuel consumption and knock data under each condition, and then determines the optimal condition of the engine. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by evaluating the boiling risk and controlling the minimum water flow rate of the electric water pump based on the optimal working water temperature of the engine, to determine the optimal duty ratio of the electric water pump of the engine under each condition, determine the optimal engine fuel consumption and knock value, and improve the operating efficiency of the engine, especially for the application of hybrid engines.

[0067] It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, after the step of determining whether any one of the metal temperature of the cylinder head and the water temperature reaches the critical value, the following steps are further included:

[0068] Step S42, if not, return and execute the step of reducing the duty ratio of the electric water pump.

[0069] Specifically, the larger the duty ratio of the electric water pump, the larger its water flow rate, and the more heat is taken away from the engine. Therefore, the present invention reduces the duty ratio of the electric water pump in a cyclic decreasing manner to ensure that the optimal duty ratio of the engine of the present invention can be finally determined. That is to say, in the case of the optimal duty ratio, the drainage volume of the electric water pump can just make the heat generation value or the water temperature value of the engine in a critical state, and the heat loss is the lowest in this state. The heat generation efficiency of the engine at the set condition (at the designed speed) is the highest.

[0070] Please refer to Figure 2 , which is the flowchart of the method for obtaining the optimal working water temperature under the current condition in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically including:

[0071] Step S21, taking the maximum allowable water temperature of the engine as the threshold, controlling the operating state of the engine to gradually reduce the operating power of the engine.

[0072] Step S22, record the temperature values, fuel consumption, and knock parameters during the temperature drop process.

[0073] Step S23, determine the optimal operating state and the water temperature value under this operating state according to the relationship curve of fuel consumption and knock.

[0074] Step S24: Mark this water temperature value as the optimal working water temperature under the current working condition.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present invention, the determination process of the optimal working water temperature can be obtained through the following specific embodiments:

[0076] Specifically, starting from the maximum allowable water temperature of the engine, test and record data such as fuel consumption and knocking. Scan the fuel consumption, knocking and other data of the full MAP at a step size of 5°C. By comparing the data such as fuel consumption and knocking obtained, select the optimal data, and determine the water temperature under the optimal data as the optimal working water temperature of this working condition.

[0077] It can be understood that in the present invention, determining the optimal working water temperature according to the relationship curve formed by fuel consumption and knocking is only a relatively preferred implementation manner, and the present application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0078] Further, please refer to Figure 3 , which is a flowchart of the method for temperature scanning of the engine under different working conditions in the embodiment of the present invention. The method specifically includes:

[0079] Step S31: Obtain the exhaust parameters according to the set rotational speed data of the current working condition of the engine.

[0080] Step S32: Calculate the surface temperature distribution of the heat source component according to the exhaust parameters and the structural parameters of the heat source component in the exhaust system.

[0081] Step S33: Determine multiple points with high heat load according to the surface temperature distribution.

[0082] Step S34: Collect the temperature of the points with high heat load.

[0083] Through the above method, the heat source high-sensitivity points in the engine structural components can be effectively, quickly and accurately detected. Furthermore, it is convenient to accurately collect the temperature at the parts with high engine heat load by the temperature sensor, so that the collection of temperature data is more accurate and the collection of the environmental working condition parameters of the engine is more accurate.

[0084] The embodiment of the present invention also provides an engine working condition test system based on an electronic water pump. This system is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred implementation manners, and those that have been described will not be repeated. As used below, terms such as "module", "unit", "sub-unit", etc. can be a combination of software and / or hardware that can achieve a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.

[0085] Specifically, the engine working condition test system based on an electronic water pump in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0086] Temperature acquisition module: used to perform temperature scanning on the engine under different operating conditions to obtain the optimal working water temperature under the current operating condition;

[0087] Band water pump control module: used to gradually reduce the duty ratio of the electronic water pump under the condition of the optimal working water temperature in the current operating condition;

[0088] Temperature monitoring module: used to monitor the cylinder head metal temperature and boiling condition during the process of reducing the duty ratio of the electronic water pump;

[0089] First judgment module: used to judge whether any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches the critical value; wherein, the critical value includes the hottest value allowed by the engine and the water temperature boiling boundary value;

[0090] Data storage module: used to mark the duty ratio of the electronic water pump and the water flow rate of the electronic water pump under this operating condition as the optimal value.

[0091] Furthermore, the system further includes:

[0092] Return module: used when any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature does not reach the critical value; wherein, the critical value includes the hottest value allowed by the engine and the water temperature boiling boundary value.

[0093] Furthermore, the temperature acquisition module specifically includes:

[0094] Engine power control unit: used to use the hottest water temperature allowed by the engine as a threshold to control the engine operating state and gradually reduce the operating power of the engine;

[0095] Parameter recording unit: used to record the temperature value, fuel consumption, and knocking parameters during the temperature drop process;

[0096] Relationship curve drawing unit: used to determine the optimal operating state and the water temperature value under this operating state according to the relationship curve between fuel consumption and knocking;

[0097] Calibration unit: used to mark this water temperature value as the optimal working water temperature under the current operating condition.

[0098] Furthermore, the temperature acquisition module specifically includes:

[0099] Data acquisition unit: used to obtain exhaust parameters according to the set speed data of the engine under the current operating condition;

[0100] Simulation calculation unit: used to calculate the surface temperature distribution of the heat source component according to the exhaust parameters and the structural parameters of the heat source component in the exhaust system;

[0101] Temperature distribution point determination unit: determine multiple points with high heat load according to the surface temperature distribution;

[0102] Temperature acquisition unit: used to acquire the temperature at the points with high heat load.

[0103] In summary, the engine condition test system based on an electronic water pump proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, by adopting the above-mentioned engine condition test method based on an electronic water pump, realizes temperature scanning under various engine conditions to obtain the optimal working water temperature; and gradually controls and adjusts the duty ratio of the electronic water pump to determine the fuel consumption and knock data under various condition conditions, and then determines the optimal condition of the engine. Through boiling risk assessment and controlling the minimum water flow of the electronic water pump based on the optimal working water temperature of the engine, the optimal duty ratio of the electronic water pump of the engine under various condition conditions is determined, and the operating efficiency of the engine is improved, especially for the application of hybrid engines.

[0104] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0105] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An engine operating condition test method based on an electronic water pump, characterized in that: The method comprises: Perform temperature scans on the engine under different operating conditions to obtain the optimal working water temperature under the current operating conditions; Gradually reduce the duty cycle of the electronic water pump under the optimal working water temperature condition of the current working condition; Monitor cylinder head metal temperature and boiling during electronic water pump duty cycle reduction; Determine whether any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches a critical value; wherein the critical value includes the maximum allowable heat value of the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature; If so, the duty cycle of the electronic water pump and the water flow rate of the electronic water pump under this working condition are marked as optimal values.

2. The engine operating condition testing method based on the electronic water pump according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the step of determining whether any one of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature has reached a critical value, the method further includes: If not, the process returns to and executes the step of reducing the duty cycle of the electronic water pump.

3. The engine operating condition testing method based on an electronic water pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the optimal working water temperature under the current working conditions specifically includes: Taking the maximum allowable temperature of the engine as the threshold, the engine operation state is controlled to gradually reduce the engine operation power; Record the temperature value, fuel consumption and knock parameters during the temperature drop process; Determine the optimal operating state and the water temperature value under this operating state according to the relationship curve between fuel consumption and knock; The water temperature value is marked as the optimal working water temperature under the current working conditions.

4. The engine operating condition testing method based on an electronic water pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of performing temperature scanning on the engine under different operating conditions specifically includes: Acquire exhaust parameters according to the set speed data of the current working condition of the engine; Calculate the surface temperature distribution of the heat source component according to the exhaust parameters and the structural parameters of the heat source component in the exhaust system; Determine multiple points with high heat load based on surface temperature distribution; Collect temperature at points with high heat load.

5. An engine operating condition test system based on an electronic water pump, used to implement the method described in claims 1 to 4 above, the system comprising: Temperature acquisition module: used to scan the temperature of the engine under different working conditions and obtain the optimal working water temperature under the current working conditions; Belt water pump control module: used to gradually reduce the duty cycle of the electronic water pump under the optimal working water temperature conditions of the current working conditions; Temperature monitoring module: used to monitor the cylinder head metal temperature and boiling conditions during the reduction of the electronic water pump duty cycle; The first judgment module is used to judge whether any value of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature reaches a critical value; wherein the critical value includes the maximum allowable temperature of the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature; Data storage module: used to mark the duty cycle of the electronic water pump and the water flow rate of the electronic water pump under the working condition as optimal values.

6. The engine operating condition test system based on the electronic water pump according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system further comprises: The return module is used when any value of the cylinder head metal temperature and the water temperature does not reach a critical value; wherein the critical value includes the maximum allowable heat value of the engine and the boiling boundary value of the water temperature.

7. The engine operating condition test system based on the electronic water pump according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature acquisition module specifically includes: Engine power control unit: used to control the engine operating state with the maximum allowable temperature of the engine as the threshold, so that the engine operating power is gradually reduced; Parameter recording unit: used to record the temperature value, fuel consumption and knock parameters during the temperature drop process; Relationship curve drawing unit: used to determine the optimal operating state and the water temperature value under the operating state according to the relationship curve between fuel consumption and knock; Calibration unit: used to mark the water temperature value as the optimal working water temperature under the current working conditions.

8. The engine operating condition test system based on the electronic water pump according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature acquisition module specifically includes: Data acquisition unit: used to acquire exhaust parameters according to the set speed data of the current working condition of the engine; Simulation calculation unit: used to calculate the surface temperature distribution of the heat source component according to the exhaust parameters and the structural parameters of the heat source component in the exhaust system; Temperature distribution point determination unit: determines multiple points with high heat load according to surface temperature distribution; Temperature collection unit: used to collect temperature at points with high heat load.

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