Efficient and controllable metal coating construction and test method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of evaluation and detection of corrosion resistance of metal coatings and directional protection of the metal coatings, in particular to an efficient and controllable metal coating structure and cavitation resistance testing method and device. The invention provides a green, efficient and controllable non-contact preparation and detection integrated means, overclocking cavitation acoustochemical vibration at the tail end of an amplitude-change pole is utilized, a high-rotating-speed motor is coupled to serve as construction power of the composite coating, rapid preparation of the coating is achieved, after the coating is constructed, the sound pressure center obtained through single-factor input can be simulated at the same time, and the measurement accuracy is improved. According to the method, the detection mode is rapidly switched to the detection mode, stepless switching of the coating structure and the testing function is achieved, then the best strongest reaction position of coating performance detection is obtained, whether the coating has certain stability performance or not is directionally judged by detecting the microcosmic surface roughness morphology, seamless cooperative proceeding of the coating structure and the detection process is achieved, and the detection efficiency is improved. And the coating detection efficiency is greatly improved while the coating preparation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of evaluation and detection of the corrosion resistance of metal coatings and their directional protection, and particularly relates to an efficient and controllable metal coating structure, as well as a cavitation resistance testing method and device. Background Art

[0002] A cold-spray deposit is formed by the high-speed impact and severe plastic deformation accumulation of individual particles. The quality of the interfacial bonding between particles in the deposit determines whether force, current, and heat can be effectively transferred between particles, and also determines whether gaseous or liquid external media can easily enter the interior of the deposit through the particle interface. Therefore, the quality of the interfacial bonding between particles has a decisive effect on the mechanical properties, heat conduction, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance of the substrate. Due to the low-temperature process characteristics of cold spraying, there is no obvious thermal effect on the spraying material, and the thermal effect on the substrate is also very small. Thus, it can be used as a near-net-shape forming technology to directly spray and prepare bulk materials or components. In addition, cold spraying also has broad prospects in the field of equipment repair and remanufacturing. Combined with portable cold-spray equipment, it can achieve on-site rapid repair of failed components. Different from traditional thermal spraying technologies and high-energy beam additive manufacturing technologies such as laser, arc, and plasma beam, cold spraying technology is characterized by low deposition temperature and high particle collision speed, which can avoid defects caused by high-temperature deposition processes such as oxidation, phase change, and residual thermal stress, and makes the cold spraying process have broad application prospects in the fields of corrosion protection, high-conductivity coatings, repair of damaged metal components, and additive manufacturing.

[0003] Cavitation is mainly a phenomenon of cavitation corrosion damage that occurs on the metal surface in contact with the fluid under the conditions of high-speed fluid flow and pressure changes. It mainly destroys the protective film on the metal material, accelerating the corrosion rate. Its characteristic is that numerous small pits are first formed on the surface of the metal material and then gradually expand into cavities. Cavitation is caused by high-frequency elastic stress waves acting on the surface of the metal material immersed in the solution. The stress pulses in the liquid are caused by pressure waves or high-speed jets generated during the collapse of cavitation bubbles. Usually, the change amplitude of the stress pulses is between several hundred and thousands. Such high stress pulses can easily cause deformation and loss of the metal materials used in industry. It not only directly causes the cavitation strength damage of the metal material but also causes the fatigue damage of the metal material. Therefore, high-frequency cavitation energy can be used to make a relatively intuitive evaluation of the effectiveness and reliability of the metal coatings of the structure.

[0004] The methods for judging the performance of metal coatings in the prior art and evaluating the integrity of spraying effects require applying a large - order - magnitude cyclic load to different samples. Since the cycling often occurs in a relatively low - frequency form, the test duration is long. At the same time, due to the complexity of the on - site environment, it is difficult to obtain accurate and regular evaluation indicators and conclusions. Moreover, the externally applied load is likely to cause destructive and irreversible damage to the specimens, resulting in a large amount of debris spalling after the specimens lose surface integrity, polluting the detection solution, and reducing the recyclability of the equipment. Therefore, its economy and timeliness are poor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide an efficient and controllable metal coating structure, testing method and device, which can realize the rapid preparation of metal coatings, and can perform stepless switching between the coating structure and testing functions simultaneously at the end of spraying, seamlessly perform in - situ performance testing on the constructed metal coatings to obtain the best reaction positions for coating performance detection, and greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of coating detection.

[0006] To solve the above - mentioned technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] I. An efficient and controllable metal coating structure and testing method

[0008] The present invention provides an efficient and controllable metal coating structure and testing method, mainly including the following steps:

[0009] S1, Substrate pretreatment and reaction solution preparation: Fix the metal ferrule used for constructing the metal coating on the multi - jaw chuck in the reaction cell, and perform surface cleaning treatment on the metal ferrule, and then fill the reaction cell with a preset volume of reaction solution;

[0010] S2, Set the working parameters of the coating structure process of the device: Set the initial rotation speed of the motor driving the metal ferrule to rotate and the initial height of the horn reactor, and set the corresponding point - domain ultrasonic emission intensity according to the initial rotation speed, initial height and the type of the metal coating to be constructed;

[0011] S3, Ultrasonic cavitation coupling with high - speed rotation to construct the metal coating: Adjust the horn reactor to the initial height through the Z - axis position adjustment component, start the rotating motor to drive the metal ferrule to rotate at the initial rotation speed, and at the same time turn on the alternating - current signal generator to drive the reaction head of the horn reactor to vibrate at a high frequency in the reaction solution to generate ultrasonic waves of the corresponding intensity, and use the ultrasonic cavitation effect to deposit the nanoparticles in the reaction solution on the surface of the metal ferrule to form a preset metal coating;

[0012] S4. Adjust the working parameters of the device and switch to the coating performance detection process: Use COMSOL to perform acoustic structure boundary mode analysis between the horn and the solute in the reaction cell under a single parameter state. Obtain the distribution of sound waves in the reaction solution through pressure acoustic analysis, and then determine the optimal position coordinates and electrical signal frequency for coating performance detection. Adjust the height of the horn reactor and the AC wave frequency of the signal generator according to the optimal position coordinates and electrical signal frequency;

[0013] S5. Conduct in-situ cavitation resistance test on the constructed metal coating: Perform in-situ ultrasonic cavitation treatment on the constructed metal coating through the reaction device after parameter adjustment, and directionally judge the cavitation resistance of the metal coating by detecting the microscopic roughness morphology of the metal coating surface.

[0014] Further, in step S2, the initial rotation speed is determined according to the size of the metal ferrule and is inversely proportional to the size of the metal ferrule (high rotation speed for small substrates, low rotation speed for large substrates); the initial height is determined according to the thickness of the to-be-constructed metal coating and is directly proportional to the thickness of the to-be-constructed metal coating (the greater the coating thickness, the higher the horn, so that the reaction head is far from the substrate); the point-domain ultrasonic emission intensity W is jointly calculated and determined according to the initial rotation speed w, initial height H, preset deposition time t and the performance requirements of the to-be-constructed metal coating, specifically as follows:

[0015] W=(W0×H×K×C) / (w×t)

[0016] In the formula, W0 is the basic ultrasonic emission intensity of the reaction head, K is a correction coefficient related to the performance requirements of the to-be-constructed metal coating, and C is a conversion coefficient of distance and ultrasonic emission intensity.

[0017] Further, in step S3, during the process of constructing the metal coating, the horn is vertically moved in real time through the slide rail according to the thickness of the already deposited metal coating to adjust the reaction intensity, so that different vibration modes and different total sound pressure levels of different intensities appear in the reaction solution to ensure that the strongest sound pressure end face always covers the area near the surface of the metal to be treated.

[0018] Further, in step S4, the coating performance detection process specifically includes:

[0019] S41. Establish a 1:1 model of the horn reactor and the reaction cell through CATIA, import it into the COMSOL simulation platform, set the driving voltage V0 of the piezoelectric transducer as a single parameter, set the minimum operating frequency f 0min and the maximum operating frequency f 0max , scan the frequency θ∈f 0min ~f 0max , the frequency step is f 0step, then the number of times of scanning to obtain the characteristic frequency Perform pressure acoustic analysis at N characteristic frequencies;

[0020] S42. Analyze the simulation results of the N sound field eigenvalue to obtain the underwater sound field distribution cloud map of the maximum sound pressure level under the input of the driving voltage V0, where the corresponding ultrasonic vibration frequency is f and the sound pressure level is p. Then determine the corresponding input alternating current wave frequency F according to the ultrasonic vibration frequency f:

[0021]

[0022] where ρ is the material density, ω = 1 / f, u is the sound structure displacement, is the driving force of the piezoelectric ceramic to the horn, P is the bolt pre-tightening force, and F is the input alternating current wave frequency;

[0023] S43. Calculate the hard point coordinates P1(X1, Y1, Z1) of the sound pressure center in the reaction zone in the global Cartesian coordinate system of space through simulation software, and output the specific value of the height position Z1 as the adjustment basis for the horn height.

[0024] Further, in step S5, the

[0025] S51. Define the instantaneous cavitation power Pc according to the sound pressure level p and the ultrasonic vibration frequency f obtained in step S4, combined with the in-situ ultrasonic cavitation treatment time t;

[0026] S52. Obtain the 3D contour of the specimen surface, and obtain the surface integrity roughness coefficient Ra by observing the difference between the wave peak Rp and the wave valley Rv of the roughness. Then obtain the surface integrity factor σ compared with the surface integrity roughness coefficient of the initial material n ;

[0027] S53. Take Ac = σ n / Pc as the control and judgment index for the cavitation resistance of the specimen. If the value of Ac is smaller, it means that the metal is more corrosion-resistant under a certain degree of cavitation and has better cavitation resistance.

[0028] II. A highly efficient and controllable metal coating structure and testing device

[0029] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a metal coating structure and testing device using the above-mentioned metal coating structure and testing method, mainly including: a Z-axis position adjustment component 1, an L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2, a horn reactor 3, a reaction chamber component 4, a device bench 5, and an alternating current signal generator 6;

[0030] A fixing plate 7 is installed on the device bench 5 along the Z-axis direction. A Z-axis position adjustment component 1 is arranged in the middle of the fixing plate 7. The adjustment slider of the Z-axis position adjustment component 1 is fixedly connected to the Y-Z plane secondary plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2. A horn reactor 3 is installed on the X-Y plane secondary plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2 along the Z-axis direction. The reaction chamber component 4 is located directly below the horn reactor 3, and the reaction head at the bottom of the horn reactor 3 is placed in the reaction pool 10 of the reaction chamber component 4. The horn reactor 3 is connected to an alternating current signal generator 6. A metal collar 11 for constructing a preset metal coating is arranged in the middle of the reaction pool 10, and a reaction solution of a preset volume is contained in the reaction pool 10.

[0031] Further, the Z-axis position adjustment component 1 includes a slide rail installed on the fixing plate 7 along the Z-axis direction. An adjustment slider is installed on the slide rail. The adjustment slider is connected to a stepping motor through a lead screw. The stepping motor is used to drive the adjustment slider to move along the slide rail, so as to drive the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2 and the Z-axis position adjustment component 1 to move together along the Z-axis direction.

[0032] Further, the Y-Z plane secondary plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the adjustment slider. A stepped ring groove for installing the horn reactor 3 is opened in the middle of the X-Y plane secondary plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2. The reaction head at the bottom of the horn reactor 3 extends out from below the stepped ring groove and is placed in the reaction pool 10. The horn reactor 3 is electrically connected to the alternating current signal generator 6 to control its acoustic vibration reaction intensity.

[0033] Further, the metal collar 11 is fixedly installed in the reaction pool 10 through a multi-jaw chuck 12, and the multi-jaw chuck 12 is connected to a rotary motor 14 installed on the outer wall of the reaction pool 10 through a transmission kit 13;

[0034] The transmission kit 13 includes a transmission shaft one 18 and a transmission shaft two 19 connected by a coupling 17 at one end. The other ends of the transmission shaft one 18 and the transmission shaft two 19 are respectively connected to the multi-jaw chuck 12 and the rotary motor 14. The transmission shaft one 18 is supported on a bearing seat 20, and the transmission shaft two 19 passes through the outer wall of the reaction pool 10 and is connected to the output end of the rotary motor 14.

[0035] Further, the rotary motor 14 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the reaction pool 10 through a connecting plate 15; a partition wall 16 for separating the multi-jaw chuck 12 and the bearing seat 20 is arranged in the middle of the reaction pool 10 to prevent the reaction solution from permeating and overflowing to cause pollution. At the same time, this split structure enables the reaction pool to have a certain water storage capacity. The transmission shaft one 18 is hermetically passed through the partition wall 16 and then connected to the multi-jaw chuck 12.

[0036] The present invention has the following main advantages compared with the prior art:

[0037] 1. For the metal coating structure and testing method of the present invention, during the coating structure process, a high-frequency vibration is generated at the end of the horn reactor by driving a piezoelectric transducer as a sound source, and the vertical movement of the horn is guided by a slide rail to adjust the intensity of the reactor, enabling different vibration modes and different total sound pressure levels in the liquid sound field. Different point-domain ultrasonic emission powers can be set for metal workpieces with different mechanical properties to control the degree of cavitation, and the strongest sound pressure end face can always cover the vicinity of the metal surface to be treated. The present invention realizes the purpose of efficiently compounding different metal coatings by cold ultrasonic cavitation, and at the same time, the performance detection process of the coating can be seamlessly connected by switching the working parameter state of the device at the end of the coating structure, and the in-situ performance test of the constructed metal coating can be carried out to ensure the freshness of the coating and effectively improve the accuracy of coating detection;

[0038] 2. The metal coating structure and testing device of the present invention uses the over-frequency cavitation sonochemical vibration at the end of the horn and couples a high-speed motor as the power for the composite coating structure, realizing the rapid preparation of the coating. After the coating is constructed, the sound pressure center obtained by simulating a single-factor input can be quickly obtained, and it can be quickly switched to the detection mode to realize the stepless switching between the coating structure and testing functions, and then the best and strongest reaction position for coating performance detection can be obtained. Then, by detecting the microscopic surface roughness morphology, it is possible to directionally judge whether the coating has certain stability performance, realizing the seamless coordination of the coating structure and detection processes, and greatly improving the coating detection efficiency while improving the coating preparation efficiency;

[0039] 3. The present invention is noise-free and pollution-free during the metal coating preparation and testing process, and through the reasonable setting of the reaction chamber assembly, it is convenient for efficient chip recycling. It is a green, efficient, and controllable non-contact integrated preparation and detection method, which largely solves the problems of long time, high noise, low efficiency, high pollution, limited scenarios, and uncontrollable treatment effects in traditional metal coating preparation and detection processes, and can provide a reliable solution and research idea for the protection of metal components or equipment serving in water for a long time, with broad application prospects and easy to promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the metal coating structure and testing method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the metal coating structure and testing device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a top view of the reaction chamber assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 Isometric view of the reaction chamber assembly in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 Contour map of the underwater sound field distribution during the test in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 Effect diagram of the coating constructed by using the device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1 - Z-axis position adjustment component; 2 - L-shaped bracket connecting plate; 3 - horn reactor; 4 - reaction chamber assembly; 5 - device bench; 6 - alternating current signal generator; 7 - fixing plate; 10 - reaction pool; 11 - metal collar; 12 - multi-jaw chuck; 13 - transmission kit; 14 - rotating motor; 15 - connecting plate; 16 - partition wall; 17 - coupling; 18 - transmission shaft one; 19 - transmission shaft two; 20 - bearing seat. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0048] It should be noted that according to the needs of implementation, each step / component described in this application can be split into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or partial operations of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the objectives of the present invention.

[0049] Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an efficient and controllable metal coating construction and testing method, as Figure 1 shown, mainly including the following steps:

[0050] Step S1, substrate pretreatment and reaction solution preparation: Fix the metal collar used for constructing the metal coating on the multi-jaw chuck in the reaction pool, perform surface cleaning on the metal collar, and then fill the reaction pool with a preset volume of reaction solution;

[0051] Step S2, preset the working parameters of the device coating construction process: Set the initial rotation speed of the motor driving the metal collar to rotate and the initial height of the horn reactor, and set the corresponding point-domain ultrasonic emission intensity according to the initial rotation speed, initial height and the type of metal coating to be constructed;

[0052] Step S3, ultrasonic cavitation coupling high-speed rotation to construct a metal coating: Adjust the horn reactor to the initial height through the Z-axis position adjustment component, start the rotating motor to drive the metal ring to rotate at the initial speed, and at the same time turn on the alternating current signal generator to drive the reaction head of the horn reactor to vibrate at a high frequency in the reaction solution to generate ultrasonic waves of corresponding intensity. Utilize the ultrasonic cavitation effect to deposit nanoparticles in the reaction solution on the surface of the metal ring to form a preset metal coating;

[0053] Step S4, adjust the device working parameters to switch to the coating performance detection process: Use COMSOL to perform acoustic structure boundary mode analysis between the horn and the solute in the reaction cell under a single parameter state. Obtain the distribution of sound waves in the reaction solution through pressure acoustic analysis, and then determine the optimal position coordinates and electrical signal frequencies for coating performance detection, and adjust the height of the horn reactor and the alternating current wave frequency of the signal generator according to the optimal position coordinates and electrical signal frequencies;

[0054] Step S5, perform in-situ cavitation resistance test on the constructed metal coating: Perform in-situ ultrasonic cavitation treatment on the constructed metal coating through the reaction device after parameter adjustment, and determine the cavitation resistance of the metal coating by detecting the microscopic roughness morphology on the surface of the metal coating.

[0055] Further, in step S2, the initial speed is determined according to the size of the metal ring and is inversely proportional to the size of the metal ring (high speed for small substrates and low speed for large substrates); the initial height is determined according to the thickness of the to-be-constructed metal coating and is directly proportional to the thickness of the to-be-constructed metal coating (the greater the coating thickness, the higher the horn, so that the reaction head is farther away from the substrate); the point-domain ultrasonic emission intensity W is jointly calculated and determined according to the initial speed w, initial height H, preset deposition time t, and the performance requirements of the to-be-constructed metal coating, specifically as follows:

[0056] W = (W0 × H × K × C) / (w × t)

[0057] In the formula, W0 is the basic ultrasonic emission intensity of the reaction head, K is a correction coefficient related to the performance requirements of the to-be-constructed metal coating, and C is a conversion coefficient of distance and ultrasonic emission intensity.

[0058] Further, in step S3, during the process of constructing the metal coating, according to the thickness of the already deposited metal coating, the horn is vertically moved in real time through the slide rail to adjust the reaction intensity, so that different vibration modes and different total sound pressure levels of different intensities appear in the reaction solution to ensure that the strongest sound pressure end face always covers the area near the surface of the metal to be processed.

[0059] Further, in step S4, the coating performance detection process specifically includes:

[0060] S41. Establish a 1:1 model of the horn reactor and the reaction tank through CATIA, import it into the COMSOL simulation platform, set the driving voltage V0 of the piezoelectric transducer as a single parameter, and set the minimum operating frequency f 0min and the maximum operating frequency f 0max of the piezoelectric transducer. Scan the frequency θ ∈ f 0min ~f 0max with a frequency step of f 0step . Then, the number of times of scanning to obtain the characteristic frequency is used to perform pressure acoustic analysis at N characteristic frequencies;

[0061] S42. Analyze the simulation results of the N acoustic field eigenvalues to obtain the underwater acoustic field distribution cloud map of the maximum sound pressure level under the input of the driving voltage V0. The corresponding ultrasonic vibration frequency is f, and the sound pressure level is p. Then, determine the corresponding input alternating current wave frequency F according to the ultrasonic vibration frequency f:

[0062]

[0063] where ρ is the material density, ω = 1 / f, u is the acoustic structure displacement, is the driving force of the piezoelectric ceramic on the horn, P is the bolt pre-tightening force, and F is the input alternating current wave frequency;

[0064] S43. Calculate the hard point coordinates P1(X1, Y1, Z1) of the acoustic pressure center in the reaction zone in the global Cartesian coordinate system of space through simulation software, and output the specific value of the height position Z1 as the basis for adjusting the height of the horn.

[0065] Further, in step S5, the

[0066] S51. Define the instantaneous cavitation power Pc according to the sound pressure level p and the ultrasonic vibration frequency f obtained in step S4, combined with the in-situ ultrasonic cavitation treatment time t;

[0067] S52. Obtain the 3D contour of the specimen surface, and obtain the surface integrity roughness coefficient Ra by observing the difference between the peak Rp and the valley Rv of the roughness, and then obtain the surface integrity factor σ compared with the surface integrity roughness coefficient of the initial material n ;

[0068] S53. Take Ac = σ n / Pc as the control and judgment index of the cavitation resistance of the specimen. If the value of Ac is smaller, it means that the metal is more corrosion-resistant under a certain degree of cavitation and has better cavitation resistance.

[0069] Example 2. The method for testing the cavitation resistance of the metal coating in this example specifically includes:

[0070] Import the 1:1 model of the ultrasonic reactor and reaction tank established in CATIA, and couple the piezoelectric effect with the characteristic frequency domain analysis of the system.

[0071] Apply a driving voltage V0 from zero to peak of 350V to the transducer, and set the minimum operating frequency f 0min of the transducer to 19 kHz, the maximum operating frequency f 0max to 21 kHz, the scanning frequency θ ∈ 19 - 21 kHz, and the frequency step f 0step to 50 Hz. The purpose is to find the optimal resonance frequency between the transducer and the horn under a certain driving signal.

[0072] The number of times the device in this example scans to obtain the characteristic frequency times. Now, take the underwater sound field distribution nephograms of the two largest sound pressure levels under the input of the peak driving voltage V0, which respectively correspond to the sound pressure results output by the piezoelectric transducer at the sound vibration frequency f1 = 20 kHz, as Figure 5 shown. The maximum sound pressure area (maximum cavitation intensity area) at the ultrasonic frequency is distributed on the left and right wings of the central axis of the reaction tank.

[0073] Determine the hard point coordinates P1(X1, Y1, Z1) of the sound pressure centers of the above two reaction zones in the spatial global Cartesian coordinate system through the calculation results of the simulation software, and output the specific value of the height position Z1 as the theoretical technical support for the adjustment of the working structure parameters of the next reaction experiment.

[0074] Furthermore, the AC signal generator 6 is connected to the two poles of the transducer, used to generate and input an AC signal with a fixed frequency and waveform to the piezoelectric transducer assembly. Set the longitudinal wave excitation of the transducer as

[0075] u(t) = Asin(2πFt)

[0076] where the frequency is f, the period T0 = 1 / f s, and A is the peak driving voltage V0 = 350V under the single - factor drive in the modal analysis. Therefore, to determine the AC waveform, only the input AC wave frequency F at the two sets of ultrasonic vibration frequencies f in the previous step needs to be determined.

[0077] Different resonance frequencies can determine the constitutive relationship through the acoustic - solid control equation, that is, the transducer vibrates to transfer mechanical energy to the horn. Assume that both the piezoelectric sheet and the stainless - steel horn are composed of homogeneous and isotropic elastic materials, and their elastic characteristics can be characterized by the following equation according to Newton's second law:

[0078]

[0079] where ρ is the material density (kg / m 3), ω is the acoustic vibration angular frequency (rad / s), which is numerically equal to 1 / f, u is the acoustic structure displacement (m), is the driving force of the piezoelectric ceramic for the horn, P is the bolt pre-tightening force (N / m 3 ), F is the AC wave frequency.

[0080] By reverse deduction from the above relationship, the optimal input AC wave frequency F1 is obtained, that is, the signal generator inputs this frequency and passes through Figure 1 the slide rail in to adjust the reaction head to the Z1 position, and the reactor can reach the maximum reaction intensity.

[0081] Embodiment 3, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a metal coating structure and testing device adopting the metal coating structure and testing method as described above, as Figure 2 shown, mainly including: a Z-axis position adjustment component 1, an L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2, a horn reactor 3, a reaction chamber component 4, a device bench 5, and an alternating current signal generator 6;

[0082] Among them, a fixing plate 7 is installed on the device bench 5 along the Z-axis direction. A Z-axis position adjustment component 1 is arranged in the middle of the fixing plate 7. The adjustment slider of the Z-axis position adjustment component 1 is fixedly connected to the Y-Z plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2. A horn reactor 3 is installed on the X-Y plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2 along the Z-axis direction. The reaction chamber component 4 is located directly below the horn reactor 3, and the reaction head at the bottom of the horn reactor 3 is placed in the reaction pool 10 of the reaction chamber component 4. The horn reactor 3 is connected to an alternating current signal generator 6. A metal collar 11 for constructing a metal coating is arranged in the middle of the reaction pool 10, and a reaction solution with a preset volume is contained in the reaction pool 10.

[0083] Specifically, the Z-axis position adjustment component 1 is fixed on the built profile by a special-sized square thin-walled fixing steel plate 7 of 300×400×2 (mm) through back bolts. Five groups of M6 through holes are opened on the back of the fixing steel plate 7. Three of them are connected to the slide rail so that there is no position movement in all directions in space. The other two groups are used to fix the component to the adjustment slider in the profile track. The vertical movement of the lead screw driving the reaction horn connecting rod is driven by a stepping motor located above the slide rail. The motor shaft is connected to the upper end of the rotating follower shaft of the slide rail by a square flange platform. The connecting boss has a morphological feature that there are four through holes on the periphery for fastening itself to the track, and four counterbored holes on the inner periphery for fixing the motor from the inside out. It can be seen that the entire reaction position movement adjustment component is extremely compact in space.

[0084] Further, the Y-Z plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2 is fixedly connected to the adjusting slider. A stepped ring groove for installing the horn reactor 3 is provided in the middle of the X-Y plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate 2. The reaction head at the bottom of the horn reactor 3 extends out from below the stepped ring groove and is placed in the reaction tank 10. An adjusting groove is provided at the outer end of the X-Y plane sub-plate to ensure a certain reserved enlarged radial dimension during installation. The horn reactor 3 is driven by an alternating current signal generator 6, and according to the piezoelectric transducer effect, its acoustic vibration reaction intensity is changed by changing the frequency and voltage amplitude of the low-frequency electricity.

[0085] As Figures 3 - 4 shown, the reaction chamber assembly 4 includes a reaction tank 10 directly below the reaction head. The reaction tank 10 is filled with a preset volume of reaction solution, and a metal collar 11 for constructing a preset metal coating is provided in the middle of the reaction tank 10. The metal collar 11 is fixedly installed at one end of a three-jaw chuck 12 with a maximum outer diameter of 80 mm. The inner diameter of the three-jaw chuck 12 can be selected from 20 to 70 mm according to requirements. The other end of the multi-jaw chuck 12 is connected to a rotary motor 14 installed on the outer wall of the reaction tank 10 through a transmission kit 13.

[0086] Further, the transmission kit 13 includes a first transmission shaft 18 and a second transmission shaft 19 connected by a coupling 17 at one end. The other ends of the first transmission shaft 18 and the second transmission shaft 19 are respectively connected to the multi-jaw chuck 12 and the rotary motor 14. The first transmission shaft 18 is supported on a bearing seat 20, and the bearing seat is installed on a square mass block for checking the position of the transmission shaft and centering the center of the transmission route at the same time. The second transmission shaft 19 passes through the outer wall of the reaction tank 10 and is connected to the output end of the rotary motor 14. The transmission kit 13 is used to transmit the high-speed rotational motion of the rotary motor 14 to the metal collar 11 and drive it to cooperate with the up and down movement of the horn reactor to realize the composite motion spraying process.

[0087] Furthermore, the rotary motor 14 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the reaction tank 10 through a connecting plate 15. A partition wall 16 for separating the multi-jaw chuck 12 and the bearing seat 20 is provided in the middle of the reaction tank 10, which is used to prevent the reaction solution from permeating and overflowing to cause pollution. At the same time, this split structure enables the reaction tank to have a certain water storage capacity.

[0088] A shaft hole is opened on the partition wall, and the aperture forms an interference fit with the transmission shaft diameter. The first transmission shaft 18 passes through the partition wall 16 in a sealed manner and is connected to the multi-jaw chuck 12.

[0089] This reaction device uses the ultrasonic cavitation acoustic chemical vibration at the end of the horn and simultaneously couples a high-speed motor as the power for the composite coating structure, achieving the rapid preparation of the coating. After the coating is constructed, it can simultaneously simulate the sound pressure center obtained from single-factor input, quickly switch to the detection mode, realize the stepless switching between the coating construction and testing functions, and then obtain the best and strongest reaction positions for coating performance detection. Then, by detecting the microscopic surface roughness morphology, it can be determined whether the coating has certain stability, realizing the seamless coordination of the coating construction and detection processes, and greatly improving the coating detection efficiency while enhancing the coating preparation efficiency.

[0090] Furthermore, Figure 6 The figure shows the coating effect of the 316L ring part constructed by the device of the present invention.

[0091] Furthermore, the parts not detailed in this application are the same as the prior art or are implemented using the prior art.

[0092] In summary:

[0093] 1. For the metal coating structure and testing method of the present invention, during the coating construction process, a high-frequency vibration is generated at the end of the horn reactor by driving a piezoelectric transducer as the sound source, and the vertical movement of the horn is guided by a slide rail to adjust the intensity of the reactor, enabling different vibration modes and different total sound pressure levels in the liquid sound field. Different point-domain ultrasonic emission powers can be set for metal workpieces with different mechanical properties to control the cavitation degree, and the strongest sound pressure end face is always ensured to cover the vicinity of the metal surface to be treated. The present invention realizes the purpose of efficiently compounding different metal coatings by cold ultrasonic cavitation, and at the same time, the coating performance detection process can be seamlessly connected by switching the working parameter state of the device at the end of the coating construction, and the in-situ performance test of the constructed metal coating can be carried out to ensure the freshness of the coating and effectively improve the accuracy of coating detection.

[0094] 2. The metal coating structure and testing device of the present invention uses the ultrasonic cavitation acoustic chemical vibration at the end of the horn and simultaneously couples a high-speed motor as the power for the composite coating structure, achieving the rapid preparation of the coating. After the coating is constructed, it can simultaneously simulate the sound pressure center obtained from single-factor input, quickly switch to the detection mode, realize the stepless switching between the coating construction and testing functions, and then obtain the best and strongest reaction positions for coating performance detection. Then, by detecting the microscopic surface roughness morphology, it can be determined whether the coating has certain stability, realizing the seamless coordination of the coating construction and detection processes, and greatly improving the coating detection efficiency while enhancing the coating preparation efficiency.

[0095] 3. During the preparation and testing of the metal coating of the present invention, there is no noise and no pollution. Moreover, through the reasonable setting of the reaction chamber assembly, it is convenient for the efficient recovery of grinding chips. It is a green, efficient, and controllable non-contact integrated preparation and detection method, which largely solves the problems of long time, high noise, low efficiency, high pollution, limited scenarios, and uncontrollable treatment effects in the traditional metal coating preparation and detection processes. It can provide a reliable directional solution and research idea for the protection of metal components or equipment serving in water areas for a long time, has broad application prospects, and is easy to promote.

[0096] Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient and controllable metal coating construction and testing method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, substrate pretreatment and reaction solution preparation: a metal ferrule used to construct a metal coating is fixedly mounted on a multi-jaw chuck in a reaction tank, and the surface of the metal ferrule is cleaned, and then a reaction solution of a preset volume is filled in the reaction tank; S2, preset working parameters of the coating construction process of the device: set the initial rotation speed of the motor driving the metal ferrule to rotate and the initial height of the horn reactor, and set the corresponding point-domain ultrasonic emission intensity according to the initial rotation speed and initial height and the type of metal coating to be constructed; S3, ultrasonic cavitation coupled high-speed rotation to construct a metal coating: the horn reactor is adjusted to the initial height by a Z-axis position adjustment component, the rotary motor is started to drive the metal ferrule to rotate at the initial speed, and at the same time, the alternating current signal generator is turned on to drive the reaction head of the horn reactor to vibrate at a high frequency in the reaction solution to generate ultrasonic waves of corresponding intensity, and the nanoparticles in the reaction solution are deposited on the surface of the metal ferrule by using the ultrasonic cavitation effect to form a preset metal coating; S4, adjusting the working parameters of the device to switch to the coating performance detection process: using COMSOL to perform acoustic structure boundary modal analysis between the variable amplitude rod and the solute in the reaction tank under a single parameter state, and obtaining the distribution of the sound wave in the reaction solution through pressure acoustic analysis, thereby determining the optimal position coordinates and electrical signal frequency for the coating performance detection, and adjusting the height of the variable amplitude rod reactor and the AC wave frequency of the signal generator according to the optimal position coordinates and electrical signal frequency; S5, conducting in-situ anti-cavitation capability test on the constructed metal coating: conducting in-situ ultrasonic cavitation treatment on the constructed metal coating through a reaction device with adjusted parameters, and determining the anti-cavitation capability of the metal coating by detecting the microscopic roughness morphology of the metal coating surface.

2. An efficient and controllable metal coating construction and testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S2, the initial rotation speed is determined according to the size of the metal ferrule and is inversely proportional to the size of the metal ferrule (a small substrate takes a high rotation speed, and a large substrate takes a low rotation speed); the initial height is determined according to the thickness of the metal coating to be constructed and is proportional to the thickness of the metal coating to be constructed (the greater the coating thickness, the higher the variable spoke, so that the reaction head is away from the substrate); the point domain ultrasonic emission intensity W is calculated and determined based on the initial rotation speed w, the initial height H, the preset deposition time t and the performance requirements of the metal coating to be constructed, as follows: W=(W0×H×K×C) / (w×t) Where W0 is the basic ultrasonic emission intensity of the reaction head, K is the correction factor related to the performance requirements of the metal coating to be constructed, and C is the conversion coefficient between distance and ultrasonic emission intensity.

3. The highly efficient and controllable metal coating construction and testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S3, during the process of constructing the metal coating, the amplitude converter is guided vertically by the slide rail in real time to adjust the reaction intensity according to the thickness of the deposited metal coating, so that different vibration modes and total sound pressure levels of different intensities appear in the reaction solution, so as to ensure that the end face with the strongest sound pressure always covers the area near the metal surface to be treated.

4. The highly efficient and controllable metal coating construction and testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S4, the coating performance detection process specifically includes: S41, a 1:1 model of the horn reactor and the reaction tank was established through CATIA, and imported into the COMSOL simulation platform, and the driving voltage V0 of the piezoelectric transducer was set as a single parameter, and the minimum operating frequency f of the piezoelectric transducer was set. 0min and the maximum operating frequency f 0max , scanning frequency θ∈f 0min ~f 0max , frequency step f 0step , then the number of times the characteristic frequency is scanned Perform pressure acoustic analysis at N eigenfrequencies; S42, analyzing the simulation results of the N-th sound field characteristic value, obtaining the underwater sound field distribution cloud map of the maximum sound pressure level under the driving voltage V0 input, which corresponds to the ultrasonic vibration frequency f and the sound pressure level p, and then determining the corresponding input AC wave frequency F according to the ultrasonic vibration frequency f: Where ρ is the material density, ω = 1 / f, u is the acoustic structure displacement, is the driving force of the piezoelectric ceramic to the horn, P is the bolt pre-tightening force, and F is the input AC wave frequency; S43, calculating the hard point coordinates P1 (X1, Y1, Z1) of the sound pressure center of the reaction zone in the global Cartesian coordinate system through simulation software, and outputting the specific value of the height position Z1 as the basis for adjusting the height of the horn.

5. A highly efficient and controllable metal coating construction and testing method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step S5, the S51, defining the instantaneous cavitation power Pc according to the sound pressure level p and the ultrasonic vibration frequency f obtained in step S4 and the in-situ ultrasonic cavitation treatment time t; S52, obtain the 3D profile of the sample surface, and obtain the surface integrity roughness coefficient Ra by observing the difference between the peak Rp and the trough Rv of the roughness, and then compare it with the surface integrity roughness coefficient of the initial material to obtain the surface integrity factor σ n ; S53, with Ac = σ n / Pc is used as a control and judgment index for the sample's anti-cavitation ability. If the Ac value is smaller, it means that the metal is more corrosion-resistant under a certain cavitation degree and has better anti-cavitation ability.

6. A metal coating construction and testing device using the metal coating construction and testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: A Z-axis position adjustment component (1), an L-shaped bracket connecting plate (2), a horn reactor (3), a reaction chamber component (4), a device stand (5) and an alternating current signal generator (6); A fixed plate (7) is installed on the device stand (5) along the Z-axis direction, a Z-axis position adjustment component (1) is arranged in the middle of the fixed plate (7), an adjustment slider of the Z-axis position adjustment component (1) is fixedly connected to the YZ plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate (2), a variable amplitude rod reactor (3) is installed on the XY plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate (2) along the Z-axis direction, the reaction chamber component (4) is located directly below the variable amplitude rod reactor (3), and the reaction head at the bottom of the variable amplitude rod reactor (3) is placed in the reaction pool (10) of the reaction chamber component (4), the variable amplitude rod reactor (3) is connected to an alternating current signal generator (6), a metal ferrule (11) for constructing a preset metal coating is arranged in the middle of the reaction pool (10), and a reaction solution of a preset volume is contained in the reaction pool (10).

7. The metal coating structure and testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The Z-axis position adjustment component (1) comprises a slide rail mounted on a fixed plate (7) along the Z-axis direction, an adjustment slider being mounted on the slide rail, the adjustment slider being connected to a stepper motor via a screw rod, and the stepper motor being used to drive the adjustment slider to move along the slide rail, thereby driving the L-shaped bracket connecting plate (2) and the Z-axis position adjustment component (1) to move along the Z-axis direction.

8. The metal coating structure and testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The YZ plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate (2) is fixedly connected to the adjusting slider, and a stepped annular groove for mounting a variable amplitude rod reactor (3) is provided in the middle of the XY plane sub-plate of the L-shaped bracket connecting plate (2). The reaction head at the bottom of the variable amplitude rod reactor (3) extends from below the stepped annular groove and is placed in the reaction pool (10), and the variable amplitude rod reactor (3) is electrically connected to the alternating current signal generator (6) to control its acoustic vibration reaction intensity.

9. The metal coating structure and testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The metal ferrule (11) is fixedly installed in the reaction pool (10) via a multi-jaw chuck (12), and the multi-jaw chuck (12) is connected to a rotating motor (14) installed on the outer wall of the reaction pool (10) via a transmission kit (13); The transmission kit (13) comprises a transmission shaft 1 (18) and a transmission shaft 2 (19) connected at one end by a coupling (17); the other ends of the transmission shaft 1 (18) and the transmission shaft 2 (19) are respectively connected to the multi-jaw chuck (12) and the rotating motor (14); the transmission shaft 1 (18) is supported on a bearing seat (20); and the transmission shaft 2 (19) passes through the outer wall of the reaction tank (10) and is connected to the output end of the rotating motor (14).

10. The metal coating structure and testing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rotating motor (14) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the reaction tank (10) via a connecting plate (15); a barrier wall (16) for separating the multi-jaw chuck (12) and the bearing seat (20) is provided in the middle of the reaction tank (10); the transmission shaft (18) is sealed through the barrier wall (16) and then connected to the multi-jaw chuck (12).

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