Method and system for simulating dumping evolution of counter-dumping strata in river valley insection

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for simulating dumping evolution of a valley undercut anti-dumping rock stratum. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring related target data of a rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; a counter-dip rock stratum physical model is constructed, multi-stage excavation simulation is conducted on the counter-dip rock stratum physical model, and the change conditions of the rock mass at different excavation depths are obtained; the change condition is analyzed, the stress field redistribution condition in the rock mass is obtained, and the stress relaxation area and the principal stress direction change are identified; constructing a rock stratum dumping evolution mechanism, inputting data of the anti-dumping rock stratum physical model into the rock stratum dumping evolution mechanism, performing simulation, and finally obtaining an instability mode of a dumping deformation body; the system comprises a rock data acquisition module, a physical model simulation module and a mechanism simulation module. According to the invention, through multi-stage excavation simulation and dynamic evolution analysis, the deformation characteristics and evolution mechanism of the rock mass are comprehensively displayed; and a plurality of measurement technologies and numerical simulation methods are combined to accurately predict the instability mode and the evolution path of the rock mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-dipping rock stratum simulation, and particularly to a method and system for simulating the dumping evolution of anti-dipping rock strata during river valley incision. Background Art

[0002] Landslides caused by the instability of large rock slopes are the main geological disasters in many areas and one of the most destructive natural disasters in recent years. With the expansion of the scope of human activities, the continuous construction of many large-scale projects such as water conservancy and hydropower, open-pit mines, and transportation projects has made the stability problems of related rock slopes become the key points and difficulties restricting project construction and regional safety. The phenomenon of toppling instability of rock slopes has been discovered and exposed during this process and has attracted extensive attention in research fields such as rock mechanics, engineering geology, mining engineering, and geomorphology. According to statistics, the toppling deformation of anti-dipping slopes is widely developed and distributed in the western part of China, especially on the east side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its deformation and failure phenomena account for about 30% - 40% of all slope problems, and a considerable number of anti-dipping rock slopes are involved in large-scale deep toppling and deep landslide problems.

[0003] Prior Art One, a Chinese patent with the patent number 202410478688.8 provides an anti-dipping hard-soft interlayer high slope reinforcement structure and monitoring device, which relates to the technical fields of high slope reinforcement and monitoring. It includes that the first ends of several inter-layer reinforcement threaded steel bars penetrate between adjacent anti-dipping hard rock strata and anti-dipping soft rock strata and pass through the potential failure surface in the slope body; the reinforced diaphragm wall is arranged along the slope surface and covers all anti-dipping hard rock strata and anti-dipping soft rock strata, and the second ends of the inter-layer reinforcement threaded steel bars penetrate into the reinforced diaphragm wall and are fixedly connected with the steel bars in the reinforced diaphragm wall; the first end of the post-slope anchor pile penetrates into the post-slope stable soil body, and the second end of the post-slope anchor pile is integrally cast with the high end of the reinforced diaphragm wall; the inter-layer grouting body is injected between adjacent anti-dipping hard rock strata and anti-dipping soft rock strata and solidifies around the first end of the inter-layer reinforcement threaded steel bar. Although it can effectively resist the bending deformation of the rock strata, strengthen the strength of the rock strata, and increase the integrity and stability of the rock strata; however, due to the limitations of the simulation method, its applicability and accuracy are limited under complex geological conditions.

[0004] Prior Art Two, a Chinese patent with the patent number 202411235024.5 belongs to the technical field of grouting transformation technology for deep wells with high water levels and thin bedrock containing fissures. Specifically, it discloses a dynamic simulation experimental device and method for grouting deviation diffusion in deep wells with thin bedrock containing fissures. The dynamic simulation experimental device for grouting deviation diffusion in deep wells with thin bedrock containing fissures includes a box body, a simulated thin bedrock layer, a simulated fissure surface, an airbag loading unit, a water injection unit, a grouting unit, and a monitoring unit. The dynamic simulation experimental device and method for grouting deviation diffusion in deep wells with thin bedrock containing fissures can accurately simulate the dynamic process of grouting deviation diffusion of grout in a thin bedrock layer containing fissures under high water pressure in deep wells, and precisely monitor, collect, and judge experimental data. Although it has important guiding significance for improving the grouting transformation effect of thin bedrock in deep wells on-site and is conducive to the popularization and application of grouting transformation of the target thin bedrock layer in engineering practice, the key factors are ignored, and only the influence of a single factor on toppling deformation is concerned.

[0005] Prior Art Three, a Chinese patent with the patent number 202411041787.6 relates to the technical field of tunnel excavation engineering under seepage conditions. Specifically, it relates to a test device for simulating the process of tunnel excavation under seepage conditions, including a water injection system, a seepage system, a rock layer simulation system, a tunnel system, and a monitoring system. The present invention also provides a test method for simulating the process of tunnel excavation under seepage conditions, and the steps are as follows: installing the rock layer simulation system and the seepage system; installing the water injection system; making the tunnel system; simulating the seepage state; simulating the process of tunnel excavation; collecting test data through a data collector, and the test is completed. Although it can relatively realistically reproduce the deformation situation and failure mechanism of the soil around the tunnel under natural disaster conditions, has the advantages of good effect and reliable test data, and provides relatively reasonable technical support for actual tunnel construction technology, the limitation of regional stress field analysis results in the failure to comprehensively consider the long-term transformation effect of valley incision on the regional stress field.

[0006] Currently, Prior Art One, Prior Art Two, and Prior Art Three have problems such as limitations in simulation methods, neglect of key factors, and limitations in regional stress field analysis. The present invention provides a method and system for simulating the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock layer during valley incision. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for simulating the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock layer during valley incision to solve the problems of limitations in simulation methods, neglect of key factors, and limitations in regional stress field analysis in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for simulating the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock layer during valley incision specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] Obtain relevant target data of the rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; construct an anti-dipping rock layer physical model based on the relevant target data, conduct multi-level excavation simulations on the anti-dipping rock layer physical model, and obtain the changes in the rock mass at different excavation depths;

[0011] Analyze the changes at different excavation depths, obtain the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass, identify the stress relaxation zone and the changes in the principal stress direction; divide the change evolution stage according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction to obtain a data set;

[0012] Establish a rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism based on the simulation results of the rock area physical model, input the data set into the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation, and analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformable body based on the simulation results.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, obtaining the changes in the rock mass at different excavation depths specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] Obtain relevant target data of the rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; construct an anti-dipping rock layer physical model according to the relevant target data; start the bottom friction experimental device, and use the simulated gravity between the rock area physical model and the rubber band to act on the rock area physical model to form an initial stress field;

[0015] Set three simulations of river valley incision, and divide the river terraces according to the excavation depth; when the rock mass reaches the initial compression region value, pause and excavate the border line according to the rock area physical model to simulate the first-stage river valley incision; restart the dynamic experimental device until the new rock mass toppling deformation reaches the preset stable value, and then conduct the excavation in the next stage;

[0016] Calculate the multiple excavation data to obtain the toppling deformation evolution characteristics of the anti-dipping layered rock mass; analyze according to the toppling deformation evolution characteristics of the anti-dipping layered rock mass, and obtain the changes at different excavation depths according to the analysis results.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, obtaining the data set specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] Combine the relevant target data of the rock area physical model obtained by satellite remote sensing, extract the surface deformation; calculate the distance between the phase information and the satellite remote sensing monitoring target; obtain the SAR images of the ground target with phase information at two moments;

[0019] Calculate the phase difference of the SAR images with phase information at two moments; obtain the wrapped phase according to the phase difference calculation result, unwrap the wrapped phase, process the original interference phase, and calculate the surface deformation amount of the processed data;

[0020] Analyze and judge whether the rock deforms between two time points according to the calculation results; if deformation occurs, judge the displacement information of the surface deformation, and calculate the surface deformation amount according to the displacement information; identify the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction; divide the change and evolution stage according to the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction to obtain a data set.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the original interference phase is processed, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] Randomly combine at least one SAR image, and take any one as the main image and register the rest of the images. Preset that the interference fringe pattern meets the conditions to generate an interference fringe pattern;

[0023] Set a baseline threshold to generate a differential interferogram combination, estimate the deformation information of each differential interferogram, and use the deformation information as an observation value; solve the variable rate according to the differential interferogram combination and the observation value to obtain the settlement time series information of the target area;

[0024] During the phase processing of the target area, perform atmospheric phase removal and noise phase removal and other processing; draw a cumulative deformation amount value diagram for different time periods based on the data processing results; analyze the cumulative deformation amount value diagram to determine whether the rock deforms.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformable body based on the simulation results, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] Establish a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer toppling according to the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, and analyze the relationship between target data such as climate and hydrological conditions, geographical location, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying lithology;

[0027] Preprocess the data set and divide it into a training set, a test set, and a validation set; use the training set to train the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer toppling; during the training process, analyze the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different excavation depths to identify the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction; learn the change of the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction;

[0028] Input the data set into the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer toppling for simulation, and divide the evolution process of rock layer toppling into an unloading-rebound and tension crack stage, a deformation-crack development stage, and a crack penetration stage; analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformable body according to the simulation results.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, learn the change of the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0030] Perform preprocessing operations such as standardizing, normalizing, and data augmentation on the dataset, and at the same time eliminate the influence of different feature dimensions; divide the dataset into a training set, a test set, and a validation set;

[0031] Use the training set to train the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism; during the training process, analyze the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different excavation depths, identify the private relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction, and learn from them;

[0032] Evaluate the performance of the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism through the performance of the validation set. If it exceeds the evaluation threshold, make adjustments; process the data that has never appeared before, and check whether the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism meets the standards through the test set.

[0033] As a further improvement of the present invention, analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformable body according to the simulation results, specifically including the following steps:

[0034] After training is completed, input the dataset into the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation; record the rock layer evolution process during the simulation process, and analyze the rock layer evolution process and the simulation results;

[0035] According to the analysis results, judge that the initial stress field after rock mass excavation is broken, and the internal stress of the rock mass is redistributed, resulting in unloading and rebound phenomena of the rock mass as the unloading-rebound tension crack stage; the cracks inside the rock mass expand and connect with each other to form a larger crack network as the deformation crack development stage; when the crack network finally penetrates, the overall stability of the rock mass reaches the critical point state and finally topples or collapses;

[0036] Analyze different stages of the rock layer toppling evolution process to obtain the macroscopic deformation characteristics of each rock layer at each stage, the change law of the key point displacement, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface; display the instability mechanism of the rock layer at different evolution stages through the simulation results.

[0037] As a further improvement of the present invention, the process of displaying the instability mechanism of the rock layer at different evolution stages through the simulation results specifically includes the following steps:

[0038] Analyze the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different stages of the rock layer toppling evolution process, identify the stress relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction, and judge whether the rock layer is unstable;

[0039] Analyze at stages such as toe shear bending, appearance of the maximum bending surface, bending and toppling of the upper rock layer on the bending surface, and penetration of the main fracture surface to obtain the macroscopic deformation characteristics of each rock layer at each stage, the change law of the key point displacement, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface;

[0040] Demonstrate the instability mechanism of rock formations at different evolution stages through simulation results, and establish a stability evaluation method for different evolution stages; evaluate the stability of rock formations at each stage by analyzing the distribution characteristics of the normal interlayer force and the correction coefficient of the normal interlayer force at the toe of the slope during different stages of river incision.

[0041] As a further improvement of the present invention, to evaluate the stability of rock formations at each stage, specifically including the following steps:

[0042] Demonstrate the instability mechanism of rock formations at different evolution stages through simulation results, analyze the instability mechanism, and obtain the deformation and failure processes of rock formations under different stress states; based on the simulation results of different evolution stages, establish different stability evaluation methods;

[0043] Verify the deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of rock formations at different evolution stages, verify the gradual change process of the internal stress field of the slope rock mass during toppling instability, and obtain the kinematic characteristics of block toppling and multi-layer bending toppling;

[0044] Compare the obtained characteristics with the corresponding characteristics of the simulation results. If it is greater than the comparison result, adjust the simulation mechanism of rock formation toppling evolution; and analyze it to obtain the final simulation mechanism of rock formation toppling evolution.

[0045] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions:

[0046] A simulation system for the evolution of toppling of reverse-dipping rock formations during river incision, including:

[0047] A rock data collection module, used to obtain relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area through satellite remote sensing; construct a physical model of reverse-dipping rock formations according to the relevant target data, perform multi-level excavation simulation on the physical model of reverse-dipping rock formations, and obtain the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths;

[0048] A physical model simulation module, used to analyze the changes at different excavation depths, obtain the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass, identify the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction; divide the change evolution stage according to the change of the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction to obtain a data set;

[0049] A mechanism simulation module, used to establish a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock formation toppling based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, input the data set into the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock formation toppling for simulation, and analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformation body based on the simulation results.

[0050] The present invention obtains relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area through satellite remote sensing, constructs an anti-dipping rock layer physical model, conducts multi-level excavation simulations, analyzes the changes in the rock mass at different excavation depths, demonstrates the redistribution characteristics of the internal stress field of the rock mass, and identifies the stress relaxation zone and the changes in the principal stress direction; based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, establishes a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer toppling, and inputs the data set into this mechanism for simulation; the present invention combines numerical simulation and experimental analysis, comprehensively analyzes the evolution characteristics of the displacement field, stress field, and energy field, determines the action laws of highly sensitive factors (such as slope, rock layer dip angle, rock layer thickness, etc.) through sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of toppling deformation, and establishes an easy-to-topple geometric model based on this. Regarding the toppling deformation as a dynamic evolution process, divides different evolution stages through the evolution information of various characteristic values, and establishes the corresponding relationship between each stage and the deformation characteristics; combines numerical simulation and experimental analysis to verify the accuracy of the simulation results; through multi-level excavation simulation and dynamic evolution analysis, the present invention can more comprehensively demonstrate the deformation characteristics and evolution mechanism of the rock mass; by combining a variety of measurement techniques and numerical simulation methods, it can more accurately predict the instability mode and evolution path of the rock mass. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention to obtain the changes in the rock mass at different excavation depths;

[0053] Figure 3 It is the principle of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0054] Figure 4 It is the principle of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0055] Figure 5 It is the principle of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0056] Figure 6 It is the principle of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention Figure 4 ;

[0057] Figure 7 It is the principle of an embodiment of the method for simulating the evolution of anti-dipping rock layer toppling during valley incision in the present invention Figure 5 ;

[0058] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the steps for obtaining a data set in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0059] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the steps for processing the original interference phase in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the steps for analyzing the instability mode of a toppling deformation body based on the simulation results in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the steps for learning the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the steps for analyzing the instability mode of a toppling deformation body according to the simulation results in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the steps for demonstrating the instability mechanism of a rock formation at different evolution stages through the simulation results in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0064] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the steps for evaluating the stability of a rock formation at each stage in an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0065] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the functional modules in an embodiment of the simulation system for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision according to the present invention;

[0066] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure in an embodiment of the electronic device according to the present invention;

[0067] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the structure in an embodiment of the storage medium according to the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0068] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0069] The terms "first", "second", and "third" in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined. In the embodiments of the present invention, all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally further includes steps or units not listed, or optionally further includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0070] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0071] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision. In this embodiment, the simulation method for the toppling evolution of an anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision specifically includes the following steps:

[0072] Step S1: Obtain relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area through satellite remote sensing; construct a physical model of the anti-dipping rock formation based on the relevant target data, and conduct multi-level excavation simulation on the physical model of the anti-dipping rock formation to obtain the changes in the rock mass at different excavation depths;

[0073] Among them, the relevant target data of the physical model of the anti-dipping rock formation include target data such as geographical location, climate and hydrological conditions, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying lithology;

[0074] Step S2: Analyze the changes at different excavation depths to obtain the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass, identify the stress relaxation zone and the changes in the principal stress direction; divide the change evolution stage according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction to obtain a data set;

[0075] Step S3: Establish a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock stratum toppling based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area. Input the data set into the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock stratum toppling for simulation, and analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformable body based on the simulation results.

[0076] Preferably, in step S1 of this embodiment, relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area are obtained through satellite remote sensing technology, including information such as geographical location, climate and hydrological conditions, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying lithology; according to the above target data, a physical model of an overturned rock stratum is constructed, and multi-level excavation simulation is carried out to analyze the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths; according to the above target data, a physical model of an overturned rock stratum is constructed, and multi-level excavation simulation is carried out to analyze the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths; through multi-level excavation simulation, the dynamic excavation simulation can intuitively display the stress redistribution and deformation characteristics of the rock mass at different excavation depths, providing an important basis for subsequent analysis. In step S2, the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths are analyzed to identify the stress relaxation zone and the changes in the principal stress direction; according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction, the change process is divided into different evolution stages, and a data set is generated; through analyzing the redistribution of the stress field in this embodiment, the dynamic change law of the internal stress of the rock mass can be displayed, providing important support for understanding the instability mechanism of the rock mass; based on the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction, reasonably dividing the evolution stages helps to more accurately predict the instability mode and deformation development trend of the rock mass. In step S3, based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock stratum toppling is established; the data set generated in step S2 is input into the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock stratum toppling for simulation, and the instability mode of the toppling deformable body is analyzed; through establishing the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock stratum toppling in this embodiment, the instability mode of the rock mass under different conditions can be systematically analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for engineering design and disaster prevention and control; based on the simulation results, the instability mode of the rock mass can be accurately predicted, providing a reference for risk assessment and prevention and control measures in actual engineering. Through satellite remote sensing data acquisition, multi-level excavation simulation, stress field redistribution analysis, and the establishment of a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock stratum toppling in this embodiment, a complete system for analyzing the deformation and instability of rock masses is formed. This embodiment can not only accurately describe the stress redistribution and deformation characteristics of the rock mass at different excavation depths, but also scientifically divide the evolution stages and predict the instability mode, providing important technical support for the analysis of rock mass stability and disaster prevention and control in engineering practice.

[0077] Further, as Figure 2 shown, the process of obtaining the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths in step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] Step S11: obtaining relevant target data of the rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; constructing a reverse-dip rock stratum physical model according to the relevant target data; starting the bottom friction experimental device, using the simulated gravity between the rock area physical model and the rubber belt to affect the rock area physical model, to form an initial stress field;

[0079] Step S12: setting three simulations of river valley cutting, dividing the river terrace according to the excavation depth; when the rock mass reaches the initial compression area value, pausing the excavation of the boundary line according to the physical model of the rock area, simulating the first stage of river valley cutting; restarting the experimental device until the new rock mass dumping deformation reaches the preset stable value, and then proceeding to the next stage of excavation;

[0080] Step S13: Calculate multiple excavation data to obtain the toppling deformation evolution characteristics of the reverse-tilted layered rock mass; analyze the toppling deformation evolution characteristics of the reverse-tilted layered rock mass, and obtain the changes in different excavation depths based on the analysis results.

[0081] Preferably, in step S11 of this embodiment, relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area is obtained by satellite remote sensing technology to provide basic information for subsequent experiments; based on the remote sensing data, a physical model of the reverse-dip rock layer is constructed using physical similarity simulation theory; the simulated gravity effect between the physical model of the rock area and the rubber belt is used to form an initial stress field to simulate the stress state of the rock mass under natural gravity conditions; this embodiment uses a bottom friction experimental device to better simulate the initial stress field of the rock mass and provide accurate mechanical conditions for the subsequent excavation process; the bottom friction experimental device can better simulate the initial stress field of the rock mass and provide accurate mechanical conditions for the subsequent excavation process. In step S12 of the present embodiment, three valley cutting simulations of different depths are set to study the influence of different excavation depths on rock deformation; when the rock reaches the initial compression zone value, the excavation is suspended and the experimental device is restarted until the new rock dumping deformation reaches a preset stable value, and then the next stage of excavation is carried out; the deformation and damage information of the rock is monitored in real time by static strain data acquisition equipment, infrared thermal imager and digital speckle displacement deformation field measurement equipment; the present embodiment can accurately control the deformation process of the rock through staged excavation and dynamic monitoring, and avoid the risk of instability caused by too fast excavation; the present embodiment can better understand the deformation characteristics of the rock at different excavation depths through multiple simulations and adjustments, and provide a reference for actual engineering. In step S13, the data of multiple excavations are calculated to analyze the characteristics of the evolution of the overturning deformation of the anti-dip layered rock mass; based on the deformation evolution characteristics of the anti-dip layered rock mass, the changes at different excavation depths are analyzed to draw conclusions; this embodiment can demonstrate the deformation evolution law of the rock mass at different excavation depths through data analysis, and provide a basis for slope stability analysis; based on the analysis results, a scientific basis can be provided for slope design and management in actual projects to avoid the occurrence of similar disasters. This embodiment can comprehensively simulate and analyze the deformation and destruction process of the anti-dip rock layer under different excavation conditions through technical means such as satellite remote sensing data acquisition, physical model construction, bottom friction experiment, dynamic monitoring and data analysis (for specific principles, refer to the attached Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 , Attachment Figure 5 , Attachment Figure 6 And attached Figure 7 ).

[0082] Furthermore, if Figure 8 As shown, the process of obtaining the data set in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0083] Step S21: extracting the surface deformation by combining the relevant target data of the rock area physical model obtained by satellite remote sensing; calculating the distance between the phase information and the satellite remote sensing monitoring target; obtaining the SAR image of the phase information of the ground target at two moments;

[0084] Step S22: Calculate the phase difference of the SAR images of the phase information at two moments; obtain the wrapped phase based on the phase difference calculation result, unwrap the wrapped phase, process the original interferometric phase, and calculate the surface deformation amount from the processed data;

[0085] Among them, the original interferometric phase includes the topographic phase and the atmospheric delay phase, etc.;

[0086] Step S23: Analyze and judge whether the rock has deformed between the two time points according to the calculation result; if deformation has occurred, judge the displacement information of the surface deformation, calculate the surface deformation amount according to the displacement information; identify the stress relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction; divide the change evolution stage according to the stress relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction to obtain the data set.

[0087] Among them, Step S21 Surface deformation extraction and SAR image acquisition:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, Δh represents the surface deformation amount (unit: meter); λ represents the radar wavelength (unit: meter); Δφ represents the phase difference (unit: radian); φ atm represents the atmospheric delay phase (unit: radian); φ topo represents the topographic phase (unit: radian);

[0090] Obtain the SAR images of the phase information of the ground target at two moments, and perform complex conjugate processing:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, I(t1,t2) represents the SAR images at two moments (complex value); SAR(t1) represents the SAR image at time t1 (complex value); SAR(t2) * represents the conjugate of the SAR image at time t2 (complex value); ΔR represents the change in the distance between the target and the satellite (unit: meter); j represents the imaginary unit;

[0093] Step S22 Phase difference calculation and surface deformation amount calculation:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, Δφ represents the phase difference (unit: radian); arg represents taking the phase angle of the complex number; I(t1,t2)noise represents the SAR image affected by noise (complex value); φ atm represents the atmospheric delay phase (unit: radian); φ noise represents the noise phase (unit: radian);

[0096] Calculate the winding phase based on the phase difference calculation result, and use the least squares method or the network flow algorithm for unwrapping:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula, φ unwrapped represents the unwrapped phase (unit: radian); unwrap represents the unwrapping function; k i represents the integer ambiguity (unit: none); N represents the number of unwrapping paths;

[0099] For the calculation of the ground surface deformation amount, process the original interference phase, and calculate the ground surface deformation amount from the processed data:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, Δh represents the ground surface deformation amount (unit: meter); λ represents the radar wavelength (unit: meter); φ unwrapped represents the unwrapped phase (unit: radian); φ atm represents the atmospheric delay phase (unit: radian); φ topo represents the terrain phase (unit: radian);

[0102] Step S23: Rock deformation judgment and displacement information calculation: For the rock deformation judgment, analyze and judge whether the rock has deformed between two time points according to the calculation result;

[0103] if Δh>threshold, then deformation occurs

[0104] In the formula, Δh represents the ground surface deformation amount (unit: meter); threshold represents the deformation threshold (unit: meter);

[0105] For the displacement information calculation, if deformation occurs, then judge the displacement information of the ground surface deformation, and calculate the ground surface deformation amount according to the displacement information:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula, Δd represents the displacement amount (unit: meter); Δx represents the displacement in the x direction (unit: meter); Δy represents the displacement in the y direction (unit: meter); Δz represents the displacement in the z direction (unit: meter);

[0108] Identify the stress relaxation zone and the change in the principal stress direction:

[0109] σ relax =σ initial -σfinal +Δσ thermal

[0110] wherein, σ relax represents the stress relaxation amount (unit: Pascal); σ initial represents the initial stress (unit: Pascal); σ final represents the final stress (unit: Pascal); Δσ thermal represents the thermal stress change (unit: Pascal);

[0111] The change evolution stage is divided according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction:

[0112] Stage = f(σ relax , Δθ, Δt)

[0113] wherein, Stage represents the evolution stage (unit: none); f represents the stage division function; σ relax represents the stress relaxation amount (unit: Pascal); Δθ represents the change amount of the principal stress direction (unit: radian); Δt represents the time interval (unit: second).

[0114] Preferably, in step S21 of this embodiment, satellite remote sensing data is combined with a physical model of the rock area to extract surface deformation information; in this embodiment, the phase information of the ground target is obtained by calculating the relationship between the phase information and the target distance; the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology is used to obtain SAR images at two different times; the accuracy and reliability of surface deformation monitoring are improved, and the surface deformation information can be extracted more accurately; combining with the physical model can better separate the topographic phase and the non-topographic deformation phase, thereby improving the accuracy of deformation monitoring. In step S22, the phase difference between the two SAR images is calculated to generate an interferogram, which reflects the surface deformation information; since the phase difference is usually between -π and π, these wrapped phases need to be converted into continuous true phases; through the phase unwrapping technology, the wrapped phases are converted into continuous true phases, which is a key step in InSAR data processing; including terrain separation, atmospheric delay correction, etc., to eliminate the influence of non-deformation factors; using the unwrapped phase information, combined with the radar wavelength, satellite orbit parameters, etc., the surface deformation amount is calculated; this embodiment improves the accuracy and reliability of deformation monitoring and can accurately extract the surface deformation information; the application of the unwrapping technology makes the deformation monitoring results more reliable and avoids the problem of phase ambiguity. In step S23, based on the calculation result of the deformation amount, it is judged whether the rock has deformed between the two moments; the specific type and direction of the deformation are further analyzed; using the deformation displacement information, the specific surface deformation amount is calculated, and through deformation analysis, the stress relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction are identified; the deformation process is divided into different evolution stages to form a data set. This embodiment realizes high-precision surface deformation monitoring by combining satellite remote sensing data, phase unwrapping technology and deformation analysis methods, providing important technical support for fields such as geological research, environmental monitoring and disaster warning.

[0115] Further, as Figure 9 shown, the process of processing the original interferometric phase in step S22 specifically includes the following steps:

[0116] Step S221: Randomly combine at least one SAR image, and take any one as the master image and register the remaining images with it. Preset that the interferometric fringe pattern meets the conditions to generate an interferometric fringe pattern;

[0117] Step S222: Set a baseline threshold to generate a differential interferogram combination, estimate the deformation information of each differential interferogram, and use the deformation information as the observation value; solve the variable rate according to the differential interferogram combination and the observation value to obtain the settlement time series information of the target area;

[0118] Step S223: During the phase processing of the target area, perform processing such as atmospheric phase removal and noise phase removal; draw a cumulative deformation value graph for different time periods based on the data processing results; analyze the cumulative deformation value graph to determine whether the rock has deformed.

[0119] Among them, the generation of the interferogram randomly combines at least one SAR image and generates an interferogram:

[0120] I fringe = generate f ringe(I combined , baseline t hreshold)

[0121] In the formula, I fringe represents the interferogram (complex value); I combined represents the combined SAR image (complex value); baseline t hreshold represents the baseline threshold (unit is meters);

[0122] Estimation of deformation information: Estimate the deformation information of each differential interferogram and use the deformation information as the observed value:

[0123] Δh obs = estimate d eformation(I diff , baseline t hreshold)

[0124] In the formula, Δh obs represents the observed deformation (unit is meters); I diff represents the differential interferogram (complex value);

[0125] Solving the variable speed rate: Solve the variable speed rate according to the combination of differential interferograms and the observed value:

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, v represents the variable speed rate (unit is meters per second); Δh thermal represents the thermal deformation (unit is meters);

[0128] Drawing the cumulative deformation value graph: Draw a cumulative deformation value graph for different time periods based on the data processing results:

[0129]

[0130] In the formula, Δh cumulative represents the cumulative deformation (unit is meters); Δh iIndicates the deformation amount in the i-th time period (unit: meter).

[0131] Preferably, in step S221 of this embodiment, at least one SAR image is randomly combined, and any one is used as the main image, and the remaining images are registered to it; after the preset interference fringe pattern meets the conditions, an interference fringe pattern is generated; ensuring that the SAR images at different times or spaces are aligned in spatial position, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent interference processing; by randomly combining images, the diversity and coverage of data can be increased, thereby improving the sensitivity and reliability of deformation detection. In step S222, a baseline threshold is set to generate a differential interferogram combination, the deformation information of each differential interferogram is estimated, the deformation information is used as an observation value, and the variable speed rate is solved according to the differential interferogram combination and the observation value to obtain the settlement time series information of the target area; in this embodiment, by setting the baseline threshold, it is ensured that the selected image pairs have appropriate spatio-temporal baselines, thereby reducing noise and improving data consistency; the generation of the differential interferogram and the estimation of the deformation information can accurately reflect the surface deformation situation and provide reliable data support for subsequent analysis; the method of solving the variable speed rate can effectively extract the settlement time series information of the target area and provide an important reference for geological disaster monitoring and urban planning. In step S223, during the phase processing, processes such as atmospheric phase removal and noise phase removal are performed, and a cumulative deformation amount value diagram for different time periods is drawn based on the data processing results; the cumulative deformation amount value diagram is analyzed to determine whether the rock has deformed; atmospheric phase removal and noise phase removal can effectively eliminate the interference caused by non-surface deformation and improve the accuracy of deformation detection; drawing the cumulative deformation amount value diagram helps to intuitively display the cumulative effect of surface deformation and is convenient for further analysis and interpretation; the analysis of the cumulative deformation amount value diagram can clarify whether the rock has undergone significant deformation and provide a scientific basis for geological disaster warning and engineering safety.

[0132] Furthermore, as Figure 10 shown, the process of analyzing the instability mode of the toppling deformable body based on the simulation results in step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0133] Step S31: Establish a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer toppling according to the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, and analyze the relationships between target data such as climate and hydrological conditions, geographical location, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying rock lithology;

[0134] Step S32: Preprocess the data set and divide it into a training set, a test set, and a validation set; use the training set to train the simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer toppling; during the training process, by analyzing the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different excavation depths, identify the stress relaxation zone and the change in the direction of the principal stress; learn about the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress;

[0135] Step S33: Input the data set into the rock stratum toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation. Divide the rock stratum toppling evolution process into an unloading-rebound tension crack stage, a deformation-crack development stage, and a crack penetration stage. Analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformation body according to the simulation results.

[0136] Preferably, in step S31 of this embodiment, a rock stratum toppling evolution simulation mechanism is established to analyze the relationships among target data such as climate and hydrological conditions, geographical location, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying lithology. It demonstrates the formation mechanism and evolution process of deep toppling bodies, providing a basis for correctly establishing a geological model and conducting research on the evolution process. By analyzing the stress and deformation characteristics of rock strata at different evolution stages, a stability evaluation method applicable to different stages is proposed, and a stability evaluation system for deep toppling bodies based on the evolution process is established. In step S32, the data set is divided into a training set, a test set, and a validation set, and the training set is used to train the rock stratum toppling evolution simulation mechanism. During the training process, by analyzing the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different excavation depths, the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction are identified and learned. This improves the accuracy and generalization ability of the model, enabling the model to better predict the evolution process of rock stratum toppling deformation. In this embodiment, by analyzing the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction, the potential risk areas of rock stratum toppling deformation can be more accurately identified, providing a scientific basis for engineering design and disaster prevention and control. In step S33, the data set is input into the rock stratum toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation. The rock stratum toppling evolution process is divided into an unloading-rebound tension crack stage, a deformation-crack development stage, and a crack penetration stage. According to the simulation results, the instability mode of the toppling deformation body is analyzed. Combining the results of numerical simulation tests and physical model tests, a stability evaluation method for different evolution stages is divided. The simulation results can clearly show the dynamic evolution process of rock stratum toppling deformation, helping to understand the deformation characteristics and instability modes at different stages. This embodiment provides a stability evaluation method based on the evolution process, which can more comprehensively evaluate the risk of rock stratum toppling deformation and provide support for risk management and decision-making in engineering practice.

[0137] Further, as Figure 11 shown, the process of learning the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction in step S32 specifically includes the following steps:

[0138] Step S321: Perform preprocessing operations such as standardization, normalization, and data augmentation on the data set, and at the same time eliminate the influence of different feature dimensions. Divide the data set into a training set, a test set, and a validation set.

[0139] Step S322: Use the training set to train the rock strata toppling evolution simulation mechanism; during the training process, analyze the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different excavation depths, identify the privately-owned relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction, and learn about them;

[0140] Step S323: Evaluate the performance of the rock strata toppling evolution simulation mechanism through the performance of the validation set. If it exceeds the evaluation threshold, make adjustments; process the data that has never appeared before, and check whether the rock strata toppling evolution simulation mechanism meets the standards through the test set.

[0141] Preferably, in step S321 of this embodiment, the data is processed through standardization and normalization to eliminate the influence of different feature dimensions, and the data diversity is scaled through random variation, and the data set is divided into a training set, a validation set, and a test set; through operations such as cleaning, transformation, and enhancement, the representativeness and reliability of the data are improved, enabling the model to better learn and understand the data; standardization and normalization help to eliminate the dimensional influence between features, accelerate the mechanism training speed, improve the fitting effect and generalization ability of the model; data augmentation increases the diversity of training data, prevents the mechanism from overfitting, and improves the adaptability of the mechanism to new data. In step S322, the training set is used to train the mechanism, analyze the redistribution of the internal stress field of the rock mass at different excavation depths, identify the change of the relaxation area and the principal stress direction, and learn about them; during the training process, the model parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the performance of the mechanism to optimize the mechanism performance; in this embodiment, by analyzing the stress field changes at different excavation depths, the model can better capture the evolution law of rock strata toppling and improve the prediction accuracy; the performance of the model is evaluated through the validation set, and the model parameters are adjusted in a timely manner to ensure the stability and accuracy of the model in practical applications; in step S323, the validation set is used to evaluate the performance of the model to determine whether the model meets the expected performance standards; the data that has never appeared before is used for the test set to verify the performance of the model on unknown data; through the evaluation of the validation set and the test set in this embodiment, the robustness and generalization ability of the model under different data distributions are ensured; the results of the test set can be used as the confirmation basis for the final performance of the model to ensure the reliability of the model in practical applications.

[0142] Further, as Figure 12 shown, the process of analyzing the instability mode of the toppling deformation body according to the simulation results in step S33 specifically includes the following steps:

[0143] Step S331: After the training is completed, input the data set into the rock strata toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation; record the rock strata evolution process during the simulation process, and analyze the rock strata evolution process and the simulation results;

[0144] Step S332: According to the analysis results, it is determined that after the initial stress field of the rock mass is broken during excavation, the internal stress of the rock mass is redistributed, resulting in unloading and rebound phenomena of the rock mass, which is the unloading-rebound tension crack stage; the cracks inside the rock mass expand and connect with each other to form a larger crack network, which is the deformation crack development stage; when the crack network finally penetrates, the overall stability of the rock mass reaches the critical point state and finally topples or collapses.

[0145] Step S333: Analyze different stages of the evolution process of the rock layer toppling to obtain the macroscopic deformation characteristics, the variation law of key point displacements, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface of each rock layer at each stage; display the instability mechanism of the rock layer at different evolution stages through the simulation results.

[0146] Preferably, in step S331 of this embodiment, the data set is input into the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation, the simulation process is recorded, and the rock layer evolution process and simulation results are analyzed; through numerical simulation and physical model tests in this embodiment, the stress field change, crack propagation, and rock mass instability process after rock mass excavation can be reproduced, and the deformation and failure characteristics of the rock layer at different stages can be displayed; the simulation results are helpful to understand the whole process of the rock mass during unloading, rebound, crack propagation, and finally toppling or collapsing, providing a theoretical basis for engineering practice. Step S332 determines, according to the analysis results, that the initial stress field of the rock mass is broken after excavation, resulting in unloading and rebound phenomena, cracks expand and connect with each other to form a larger crack network, and when the crack network finally penetrates, the overall stability of the rock mass reaches the critical point state and finally topples or collapses; this embodiment demonstrates the instability mechanism of the rock mass at different stages, including the unloading-rebound tension crack stage, the deformation crack development stage, and the final toppling or collapsing stage; step S332 provides a scientific basis for predicting and preventing rock mass instability by analyzing the redistribution of internal stress of the rock mass and the crack propagation law. In step S333, different stages of the rock layer toppling evolution process are analyzed to obtain the macroscopic deformation characteristics, the variation law of key point displacements, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface at each stage; the instability mechanism of the rock layer at different evolution stages is displayed through the simulation results; the detailed deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of the rock layer at different evolution stages are provided, which is helpful to optimize the engineering design and construction plan; by analyzing the macroscopic deformation characteristics and the variation law of key point displacements of the rock layer in this embodiment, the mechanical behavior and failure mode of the rock mass can be better understood.

[0147] Further, as Figure 13 shown, the process of displaying the instability mechanism of the rock layer at different evolution stages through the simulation results in step S333 specifically includes the following steps:

[0148] Step S3331: Analyze the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass at different stages of the rock layer toppling evolution process, identify the stress relaxation area and the change of the principal stress direction, and judge whether the rock layer is unstable.

[0149] Step S3332: Analyze at stages such as toe shear bending, appearance of the maximum bending surface, bending and toppling of the upper rock strata on the bending surface, and penetration of the main fracture surface, and obtain the macroscopic deformation characteristics of each rock stratum at each stage, the variation law of key point displacements, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface;

[0150] Step S3333: Display the instability mechanism of the rock strata at different evolution stages through the simulation results, and establish a stability evaluation method for different evolution stages; evaluate the stability of the rock strata at each stage by analyzing the distribution characteristics of the interlayer normal force and the correction coefficient of the interlayer normal force at the slope toe during different stages of river incision.

[0151] Preferably, in step S3331 of this embodiment, different stages of the evolution process of rock stratum toppling are analyzed to identify the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction, and to judge whether the rock stratum is unstable; by analyzing the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass, the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction of the rock stratum can be accurately identified, so as to judge whether the rock stratum is in an unstable state. This provides important basic data for subsequent stability evaluation. In step S3332, analyze at stages such as toe shear bending, appearance of the maximum bending surface, bending and toppling of the upper rock strata on the bending surface, and penetration of the main fracture surface, and obtain the macroscopic deformation characteristics of each rock stratum at each stage, the variation law of key point displacements, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface; by analyzing the macroscopic deformation characteristics and the variation law of key point displacements in detail at different stages, the deformation evolution process of the rock stratum at different stages can be displayed, especially the formation and evolution law of the maximum bending surface. This helps to understand the mechanism of rock stratum instability and provides a scientific basis for engineering design and treatment. Step S3333 displays the instability mechanism of the rock strata at different evolution stages through the simulation results; establishes a stability evaluation method for different evolution stages, analyzes the distribution characteristics of the interlayer normal force and the correction coefficient of the interlayer normal force at the slope toe during different stages of river incision, and evaluates the stability of the rock strata at each stage; the simulation results can display the instability mechanism of the rock strata at different evolution stages and provide a scientific basis for stability evaluation. At the same time, by analyzing the influence of river incision on the interlayer normal force, the stability of the rock strata at different stages can be evaluated more accurately, thus providing an important reference for engineering design and disaster prevention and control.

[0152] Furthermore, as Figure 14 shown, the process of evaluating the stability of the rock strata at each stage in step S3333 specifically includes the following steps:

[0153] Step S33331: Display the instability mechanism of the rock strata at different evolution stages through the simulation results, analyze the instability mechanism, and obtain the deformation and failure processes of the rock strata under different stress states; based on the simulation results of different evolution stages, establish different stability evaluation methods;

[0154] Step S33332: Verify the deformation characteristics and instability mechanisms of rock formations at different evolutionary stages, verify the progressive change process of the internal stress field of the slope rock mass during toppling instability, and obtain the kinematic characteristics of block toppling and multi-layer bending toppling.

[0155] Step S33333: Compare the obtained characteristics with the corresponding characteristics of the simulation results. If it is greater than the comparison result, adjust the simulation mechanism of the rock formation toppling evolution; and analyze it to obtain the final rock formation toppling evolution mechanism.

[0156] Preferably, in step S33331 of this embodiment, the instability mechanism of the rock formation at different evolutionary stages is demonstrated through numerical simulation, the deformation and failure processes of the rock formation under different stress states are analyzed, and based on the simulation results of different evolutionary stages, a corresponding stability evaluation method is established; in this embodiment, the deformation and failure processes of the rock formation under different stress states are demonstrated through simulation, providing a scientific basis for understanding the instability mechanism of the rock formation. According to the characteristics of different evolutionary stages, a variety of stability evaluation methods are established, improving the pertinence and accuracy of the evaluation. In step S33332, the deformation characteristics and instability mechanisms of the rock formation at different evolutionary stages are verified, especially the progressive change process of the internal stress field of the slope rock mass during toppling instability; the kinematic characteristics of block toppling and multi-layer bending toppling are studied; in this embodiment, the deformation characteristics and instability mechanisms of the rock formation are verified through experiments and numerical simulations, ensuring the reliability of the simulation results; the kinematic characteristics of block toppling and multi-layer bending toppling are demonstrated, providing an important reference for understanding the rock formation instability process. In step S33333, the characteristics obtained from experiments or field observations are compared with the simulation results. If it is greater than the comparison result, adjust the simulation mechanism of the rock formation toppling evolution; analyze the adjusted rock formation toppling evolution mechanism to obtain the final rock formation toppling evolution mechanism; through comparison and adjustment, the simulation mechanism of the rock formation toppling evolution is optimized, improving the accuracy and practicality of the simulation; the final rock formation toppling evolution mechanism demonstrates the instability law of the rock formation under different conditions, providing a scientific basis for engineering practice.

[0157] As Figure 15 shown, this embodiment also provides an embodiment of the simulation system for the toppling evolution of the anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision. In this embodiment, the simulation system for the toppling evolution of the anti-dipping rock formation during river valley incision specifically includes:

[0158] A rock data acquisition module 1, which is used to obtain relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area through satellite remote sensing; construct a physical model of the anti-dipping rock formation according to the relevant target data, and conduct multi-level excavation simulation on the physical model of the anti-dipping rock formation to obtain the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths.

[0159] Among them, the relevant target data of the physical model of the anti-dipping rock formation include target data such as geographical location, climate and hydrological conditions, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying rock properties.

[0160] The physical model simulation module 2 is used to analyze the changes in different excavation depths, obtain the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass, identify the stress relaxation zone and the changes in the principal stress direction; divide the change evolution stage according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction to obtain a data set.

[0161] The mechanism simulation module 3 is used to establish a rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, input the data set into the rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation, and analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformable body based on the simulation results.

[0162] Preferably, the relevant target data of the physical model of the rock area are obtained by satellite remote sensing technology in the rock data acquisition module 1, including information such as geographical location, climate and hydrological conditions, topography and geomorphology, geological structure, and underlying lithology. The physical model simulation module 2 analyzes the changes in different excavation depths, identifies the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the principal stress direction, and divides the change evolution stage according to these changes to generate a data set. The mechanism simulation module 3 establishes a rock layer toppling evolution simulation mechanism based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area and inputs the data set into this mechanism for simulation.

[0163] As Figure 16 shown, an embodiment of the electronic device is provided in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the electronic device 8 includes a processor 41 and a memory 42 coupled to the processor 41.

[0164] The memory 42 stores program instructions for implementing the simulation of the toppling evolution of the anti-dipping rock layer during river valley incision in any of the above embodiments.

[0165] The processor 41 is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory 42 to layout the simulation device for the toppling evolution of the anti-dipping rock layer during river valley incision.

[0166] Among them, the processor 41 can also be called a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit). The processor 41 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The processor 41 can also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0167] Furthermore, Figure 17The figure is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application. The storage medium 5 of the embodiment of the present application stores program instructions 51 that can implement all the above methods. Among them, the program instructions 51 can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical discs, or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.

[0168] In several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces, and the indirect couplings or communication connections of devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0169] In addition, in each embodiment of the present invention, the functional units can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. The above are only the embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0170] The specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, but they are only examples. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modification or substitution of the invention is also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent transformations, modifications, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention should all be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley, characterized in that: The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercutting comprises the following steps: Obtain relevant target data of the rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; construct a reverse-dip rock stratum physical model based on the relevant target data, conduct multi-level excavation simulation on the reverse-dip rock stratum physical model, and obtain the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths; Analyze the changes at different excavation depths to obtain the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass and identify the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress. Divide the evolution stages according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress to obtain a data set. Based on the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, a rock formation toppling evolution simulation mechanism is established, the data set is input into the rock formation toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation, and the instability mode of the toppling deformation body is analyzed based on the simulation results.

2. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The changes of rock mass at different excavation depths are obtained, which specifically includes the following steps: Obtain relevant target data of the rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; construct a reverse-dip rock stratum physical model based on the relevant target data; start the bottom friction experimental device, and use the simulated gravity between the rock area physical model and the rubber belt to affect the rock area physical model to form an initial stress field; Set up three simulations of valley cutting, and divide the river terraces according to the excavation depth; when the rock mass reaches the initial compression area value, suspend the excavation of the boundary line according to the physical model of the rock area to simulate the first stage of valley cutting; restart the experimental device until the new rock mass dumping deformation reaches the preset stable value, and then carry out the next stage of excavation; The data of multiple excavations are calculated to obtain the evolution characteristics of the toppling deformation of the anti-dip layered rock mass. The evolution characteristics of the toppling deformation of the anti-dip layered rock mass are analyzed, and the changes in different excavation depths are obtained based on the analysis results.

3. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 2, characterized in that: Get the data set, including the following steps: Combined with the relevant target data of the rock area physical model obtained by satellite remote sensing, the surface deformation is extracted; the phase information and the distance of the satellite remote sensing monitoring target are calculated; the SAR image of the phase information of the ground target at two moments is obtained; The phase difference of the SAR images with phase information at two moments is calculated; the twisted phase is obtained based on the phase difference calculation result, the twisted phase is unwrapped, the original interference phase is processed, and the surface deformation is calculated using the processed data; Based on the calculation results, it is analyzed to determine whether the rock has deformed between two time points; if deformation occurs, the displacement information of the surface deformation is determined, and the surface deformation amount is calculated based on the displacement information; the changes in stress relaxation areas and principal stress directions are identified; the change evolution stages are divided according to the changes in stress relaxation areas and principal stress directions to obtain a data set.

4. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 3, characterized in that: The original interference phase is processed, which specifically includes the following steps: At least one SAR image is randomly combined, and any one of them is used as the main image and the other images are registered, and the interference fringe pattern is generated when the preset interference fringe pattern meets the conditions; The baseline threshold is set to generate a differential interferogram combination, the deformation information of each differential interferogram is estimated, and the deformation information is used as the observation value; The variable rate is solved based on the combination of differential interference patterns and observation values ​​to obtain the settlement time series information of the target area; During the phase processing of the target area, atmospheric phase removal and noise phase removal are performed; Draw the cumulative deformation value graph of different time periods based on the data processing results; Analyze the cumulative deformation value diagram to determine whether the rock has deformed.

5. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 1, characterized in that: Analyzing the instability mode of the toppling deformation body based on the simulation results includes the following steps: According to the simulation results of the physical model of the rock area, a simulation mechanism for the evolution of rock layer dumping is established, and the relationship between climate and hydrological conditions, geographical location, topography, geological structure and underlying lithology target data is analyzed; The data set is preprocessed and divided into a training set, a test set, and a validation set; the training set is used to train the rock formation dumping evolution simulation mechanism; During the training process, the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass at different excavation depths is analyzed to identify the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress; the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress are learned; The data set is input into the rock formation toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation, and the rock formation toppling evolution process is divided into unloading-rebound cracking stage, deformation-crack development stage and crack penetration stage; the instability mode of the toppling deformation body is analyzed based on the simulation results.

6. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 5, characterized in that: Studying the changes in stress relaxation zones and principal stress directions includes the following steps: Standardize, normalize and enhance the data set, and eliminate the influence of different feature dimensions; divide the data set into training set, test set and validation set; Use the training set to train the rock formation dump evolution simulation mechanism; During the training process, the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass at different excavation depths is analyzed, the changes in the relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress are identified, and then learned; The performance of the rock formation dumping evolution simulation mechanism is evaluated through the performance of the validation set. If it exceeds the evaluation threshold, adjustments are made. Data that have never appeared before are used, and the test set is used to check whether the rock formation dumping evolution simulation mechanism meets the standards.

7. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 5, characterized in that: The instability mode of the toppling deformation body is analyzed according to the simulation results, which specifically includes the following steps: After the training is completed, the data set is input into the rock formation dumping evolution simulation mechanism for simulation; the rock formation evolution process is recorded during the simulation, and the rock formation evolution process and simulation results are analyzed; According to the analysis results, the initial stress field after the excavation of the rock mass is broken, and the stress inside the rock mass is redistributed, resulting in unloading and rebound of the rock mass, which is the unloading-rebound cracking stage; the cracks inside the rock mass expand and connect with each other to form a crack network, which is the deformation crack development stage; when the crack network is finally connected, the overall stability of the rock mass reaches a critical point and eventually collapses or collapses; By analyzing the different stages of the rock strata toppling evolution process, the macroscopic deformation characteristics of each rock strata at each stage, the displacement change law of key points and the evolution of the maximum bending surface were obtained; the instability mechanism of the rock strata at different evolutionary stages was demonstrated through simulation results.

8. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 7, characterized in that: The simulation results show the process of the instability mechanism of rock formations at different evolution stages, which specifically includes the following steps: Analyze the stress field redistribution inside the rock mass at different stages of the rock formation overturning evolution process, identify the stress relaxation zone and the change of the principal stress direction, and determine whether the rock formation is unstable; The analysis was conducted at the stages of shear bending at the slope toe, the appearance of the maximum bending surface, the bending and tilting of the rock layer above the bending surface, and the penetration of the main fracture surface, and the macroscopic deformation characteristics of each rock layer at each stage, the displacement change law of key points, and the evolution of the maximum bending surface were obtained; The simulation results show the instability mechanism of rock strata at different evolutionary stages, and establish a stability evaluation method for different evolutionary stages. The stability of rock strata at various stages is evaluated by analyzing the distribution characteristics of interlayer normal forces at different stages of river incision and the correction coefficient of interlayer normal forces at the toe of the slope.

9. The method for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock layer in the valley undercut according to claim 8, characterized in that: Assessing the stability of the rock formation at various stages includes the following steps: The simulation results show the instability mechanism of rock formations at different evolution stages, analyze the instability mechanism, and derive the deformation and destruction process of rock formations under different stress states; based on the simulation results at different evolution stages, different stability assessment methods are established; The deformation characteristics and instability mechanisms of rock formations at different evolution stages are verified, and the gradual change process of the intrinsic stress field of the slope rock mass toppling instability is verified, and the operational characteristics of block toppling and multi-layer bending toppling are obtained; The obtained characteristics are compared with the corresponding characteristics of the simulation results. If they are greater than the comparison results, the rock formation dumping evolution simulation mechanism is adjusted; and the characteristics are analyzed to obtain the final rock formation dumping evolution mechanism.

10. A system for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock formation in a river valley, which is applied to the system for simulating the evolution of the reverse-dip rock formation in a river valley as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The simulation system for the evolution of anti-dip rock formation in the valley cutting includes: The rock data acquisition module is used to obtain relevant target data of the rock area physical model through satellite remote sensing; construct the reverse-dip rock stratum physical model based on the relevant target data, perform multi-level excavation simulation on the reverse-dip rock stratum physical model, and obtain the changes of the rock mass at different excavation depths; The physical model simulation module is used to analyze the changes in different excavation depths, obtain the redistribution of the stress field inside the rock mass, identify the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress; divide the evolution stages according to the changes in the stress relaxation zone and the direction of the principal stress, and obtain a data set; The mechanism simulation module is used to establish a rock formation toppling evolution simulation mechanism based on the simulation results of the rock area physical model, input the data set into the rock formation toppling evolution simulation mechanism for simulation, and analyze the instability mode of the toppling deformation body based on the simulation results.

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