Intelligent double-shaft solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and double-steering-engine driving

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent double-shaft solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and double-steering-engine driving. A support comprises a bottom platform, a fixing rod and a top platform. The fixed rod is connected with the bottom platform through a second steering engine; a solar panel is mounted on the upper surface of the top platform; the bottom of the top platform is connected with a fixed rod through a first steering engine; a photosensitive sensor is installed on the solar panel and used for detecting the sun illumination direction in real time. The photosensitive sensor is connected to the development board through a wire. The development board is connected with the main board and is responsible for receiving data of the photosensitive sensor, calculating an adjustment angle and sending a control instruction; the mainboard is connected with the first steering engine and the second steering engine to receive a control signal of the development board, and drives the first steering engine and the second steering engine to adjust the orientation of the solar panel; the battery is connected with the mainboard, the development board, the first steering engine and the second steering engine through a first wire and a second wire. A double-steering-engine driving technology is used, and double-shaft tracking is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields of solar energy utilization technology, electronic information technology, automatic control technology, and mechatronics technology, and particularly relates to an intelligent two-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual servo motor drive. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of the energy crisis, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, its efficient utilization has become increasingly important. And the solar tracker, as a key device to improve the efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems, plays a crucial role. Most traditional solar tracking methods rely on fixed-angle installation or single-axis tracking, resulting in the solar panels not fully receiving sunlight at different times, affecting the power generation efficiency; while the single-axis tracking system can only adjust the angle in one direction and cannot achieve comprehensive tracking of sunlight, still having the problem of insufficient light energy reception.

[0003] These traditional tracking methods generally have the problem of low tracking accuracy, which in turn leads to limited light energy received by the solar panel 6, severely restricting the efficiency and benefits of photovoltaic power generation. To solve these problems, solar tracking technology based on multi-sensor collaboration and dual-axis drive has emerged. This technology can track the sun more accurately, improve the utilization rate of solar energy, and gradually become an important development direction in the field of solar tracking.

[0004] However, the existing solar trackers on the current market still have certain deficiencies in terms of structural stability, tracking sensitivity, and system integration. Especially when facing complex environments and long-term operation, the stability and reliability of many devices are still difficult to meet the requirements of high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation systems. At the same time, most of the existing trackers rely on complex mechanical structures and high-cost electronic components, resulting in difficult installation and maintenance, and high costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solar tracker device that can balance high-precision tracking, stable operation, convenient assembly, and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent two-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual servo motor drive, aiming to significantly improve the utilization rate of solar energy through precise tracking technology, stable structural design, and simple installation method, while reducing costs and maintenance difficulties, so as to provide an efficient, reliable, and easy-to-popularize solar tracking solution for the field of photovoltaic power generation, in order to solve the technical problems that some of the existing solar trackers on the market still have deficiencies in terms of structural stability, tracking sensitivity, and system integration.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An intelligent biaxial solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual servo drive, comprising a photosensitive sensor, a first wire, a main board, a battery, a first servo, a solar panel, a second wire, a second servo, a development board, a gear, and a bracket;

[0008] The bracket includes a bottom platform, a fixed rod, and a top platform;

[0009] The fixed rod is connected to the bottom platform through the second servo; the second servo is used to control the fixed rod to rotate 360 degrees horizontally on the bottom platform;

[0010] The solar panel is installed on the upper surface of the top platform;

[0011] The bottom of the top platform is connected to the fixed rod through the first servo; the first servo is used to control the top platform to flip 360 degrees on the fixed rod;

[0012] A photosensitive sensor is installed on the solar panel for real-time detection of the sun's light direction;

[0013] The photosensitive sensor is connected to the development board through a wire, used to detect the light intensity in different directions, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and transmit it to the development board;

[0014] The development board is connected to the main board, responsible for receiving data from the photosensitive sensor, calculating and adjusting the angle, and sending control instructions; the main board is connected to the first servo and the second servo to receive control signals from the development board and drive the first servo and the second servo to adjust the orientation of the solar panel; the battery is connected to the main board, the development board, the first servo, and the second servo through the first wire and the second wire to provide power support for the entire system.

[0015] Furthermore, four gears are provided at the bottom of the bottom platform to reduce the friction at the bottom of the bottom platform.

[0016] Furthermore, a small platform is also installed on the fixed rod, located between the bottom platform and the top platform, for placing the main board, and the development board is installed on the main board.

[0017] Furthermore, the bracket is made of wood and wrapped with a layer of carbon fiber.

[0018] An intelligent biaxial solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual servo drive of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The present invention uses photosensitive sensing technology. By installing a photosensitive sensor on the solar panel, the sun's light direction is detected in real time, and the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the development board. It achieves the effect of accurately sensing the change in the sun's position and ensuring that the solar panel always faces the sun.

[0020] 2. The present invention uses a dual-servo drive technology. By adopting two servos (the first servo and the second servo), the up-and-down rotation and horizontal rotation of the solar panel are controlled respectively to achieve dual-axis tracking. The angle of the solar panel can be adjusted in all directions, ensuring that it is always aligned with the sun in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and significantly improving the solar energy reception efficiency.

[0021] 3. The present invention uses a development board and a main board collaborative control technology. The development board receives the data of the photosensitive sensor, calculates and adjusts the angle, and sends control instructions to the main board; the main board is connected to the servo to drive it to adjust the orientation of the solar panel. The angle of the solar panel can be calculated and adjusted in real time, ensuring that the light spot is always aligned with the center point of the sensor, and maximizing the capture of solar energy.

[0022] 4. The bracket of the present invention is made of wood, which can effectively control the cost. On this basis, a layer of carbon fiber material is covered on the surface of the wooden board, which can significantly enhance its toughness. It not only improves the overall durability but also extends the service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is the front view of the structure of an intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual-servo drive of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is the front three-axis side view of the structure of an intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual-servo drive of the invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is the side view of the structure of an intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual-servo drive of the invention;

[0026] Explanation of the marks in the figure: 1. Photosensitive sensor; 2. First wire; 3. Main board; 4. Battery; 5. First servo; 6. Solar panel; 7. Second wire; 8. Second servo; 9. Development board; 10. Gear; 11. Bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the following further describes in detail the structure of an intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual-servo drive of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown, an intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensitive sensing and dual-servo drive includes a photosensitive sensor 1, a first wire 2, a main board 3, a battery 4, a first servo 5, a solar panel 6, a second wire 7, a second servo 8, a development board 9, a gear 10, and a bracket 11.

[0029] The bracket 11 includes a bottom platform, a fixed rod, and a top platform.

[0030] The bracket 11 is made of wood and wrapped with a layer of carbon fiber.

[0031] The fixed rod is connected to the bottom platform through the second servo 8; the second servo 8 is used to control the fixed rod to rotate 360 degrees horizontally on the bottom platform;

[0032] A solar panel 6 is installed on the upper surface of the top platform;

[0033] The bottom of the top platform is connected to the fixed rod through the first servo 5; the first servo 5 is used to control the top platform to flip 360 degrees on the fixed rod;

[0034] A photosensitive sensor 1 is installed on the solar panel 6 to detect the direction of sunlight in real time;

[0035] The photosensitive sensor 1 is connected to the development board 9 through a wire, used to detect the light intensity in different directions, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and transmit it to the development board 9;

[0036] The development board 9 is connected to the main board 3. The development board 9 is responsible for receiving the data of the photosensitive sensor 1, calculating and adjusting the angle, and sending control signals; the main board 3 is connected to the first servo 5 and the second servo 8 to receive the control signals from the development board 9 and drive the first servo 5 and the second servo 8 to adjust the orientation of the solar panel 6; the battery 4 is connected to the main board 3, the development board 9, the first servo 5 and the second servo 8 components through the first wire 2 and the second wire 7.

[0037] Four gears 10 are provided at the bottom of the bottom platform. They are small semi-circular in shape to reduce the friction at the bottom of the bottom platform.

[0038] A small platform is also installed on the fixed rod, which is between the bottom platform and the top platform, used to place the main board 3, and the development board 9 is installed on the main board 3.

[0039] First, fix the solar panel 6 on the bracket 11. The first servo 5 is responsible for the up and down rotation of the solar panel 6, and the second servo 8 is responsible for the horizontal rotation control of the bracket 11. Ensure that it can freely adjust the angle under the drive of the servo to achieve precise tracking of the sun. Install a photosensitive sensor 1 on the solar panel 6 to detect the direction of sunlight in real time and provide information on the sun's position for the system. Next, connect each electronic component using the first wire 2 and the second wire 7. The photosensitive sensor 1 is connected to the development board 9 through the wire 2 to detect the light intensity in different directions, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and transmit it to the development board. The development board 9 is connected to the main board 3, which is responsible for receiving the data from the photosensitive sensor, calculating the adjustment angle, and sending control instructions. The main board 3 is connected to the first servo 5 and the second servo 8 to receive the control signal from the development board and drive the servo to adjust the orientation of the solar panel. The battery 4 is connected to the main board 3, the development board 9, the first servo 5, the second servo 8 and other components through the first wire 2 and the second wire 7 to provide power support for the entire system. The first servo 5 and the second servo 8 are connected to the solar panel 6 to achieve angle adjustment, so that it always faces the sun to obtain the maximum light intensity. After installation, ensure that all components are firmly fixed and the wiring is correct to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0040] The following introduces the process of the experiment and formula derivation.

[0041] After installing the instrument according to the above steps, let the output voltages of the photosensitive sensor in the horizontal and vertical directions be Ux and Uy respectively. The offsets Δx and Δy of the light spot on the sensor can be expressed as:

[0042]

[0043] where k x , k y is the sensor sensitivity (unit: V / mm), representing the voltage change caused by the offset per unit distance.

[0044] According to the geometric relationship and using the small angle approximation assumption, that is, the offset angle of the light spot is small, the relationship between the offset of the light spot and the first deviation Δθ and the second deviation Δα of the solar panel 6 can be expressed as:

[0045]

[0046] where f is the focal length of the sensor lens (unit: mm), which is used to determine the conversion relationship between the offset and the angle deviation.

[0047] Furthermore, let the single-step angle of the motor be β (unit: radian / step) and the reduction ratio be N. Then the number of steps n θ and n α can be calculated by the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] Based on the above calculation formula, the development board calculates the required angle adjustment amount in real time through the voltage signal fed back by the photosensitive sensor 1, and sends a control signal to the biaxial motor to drive the solar panel to adjust to the optimal angle, finally realizing the alignment of the light spot at the center point of the sensor, ensuring the capture of the maximum light intensity, thereby improving the solar energy utilization efficiency.

[0050] It can be understood that the present invention is described through some embodiments. Those skilled in the art know that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes or equivalent replacements can be made to these features and embodiments. Additionally, under the teaching of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application belong to the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensor and dual servo drive, characterized in that: It comprises a photosensitive sensor (1), a first wire (2), a main board (3), a battery (4), a first steering gear (5), a solar panel (6), a second wire (7), a second steering gear (8), a development board (9), a gear (10), and a bracket (11); The bracket (11) comprises a bottom platform, a fixing rod and a top platform; The fixing rod is connected to the bottom platform via a second steering gear (8); the fixing rod is controlled by the second steering gear (8) to rotate 360 ​​degrees horizontally on the bottom platform; A solar panel (6) is installed on the upper surface of the top platform; The bottom of the top platform is connected to the fixed rod via a first steering gear (5); the top platform is controlled by the first steering gear (5) to perform a 360-degree flip on the fixed rod; A photosensitive sensor (1) is installed on the solar panel (6) to detect the direction of sunlight in real time; The light sensor (1) is connected to the development board (9) via a wire, and is used to detect light intensity in different directions, and convert light signals into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the development board (9); The development board (9) is connected to the main board (3), and the development board (9) is responsible for receiving data from the light-sensitive sensor (1), calculating the adjustment angle, and sending a control signal; the main board (3) is connected to the first steering gear (5) and the second steering gear (8) to receive the control signal from the development board (9), and drives the first steering gear (5) and the second steering gear (8) to adjust the direction of the solar panel (6); the battery (4) is connected to the main board (3), the development board (9), the first steering gear (5), and the second steering gear (8) through the first wire (2) and the second wire (7).

2. The intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensor and dual servo drive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Four gears (10) are arranged at the bottom of the bottom platform.

3. The intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensor and dual servo drive according to claim 1, characterized in that: A small platform is also installed on the fixing rod, located between the bottom platform and the top platform, and is used to place the main board (3). The development board (9) is installed on the main board (3).

4. The intelligent dual-axis solar tracker based on photosensor and dual servo drive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support (11) is made of wood and is wrapped with a layer of carbon fiber.

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