Sensor unit, fluid guiding unit, fuel cell arrangement, method for controlling a delivery valve, control system and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor unit for a fluid conducting unit for discharging a liquid, for example for discharging a liquid from a fuel cell arrangement, the sensor unit comprising at least one liquid level detection zone.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of liquid separation, in particular to the field of separating liquids from fuel cell devices for driving motor vehicles. Background Art

[0002] A fluid guiding unit is known from DE 10 2017 212 091 A1 for supplying fuel and / or oxidant and / or coolant to a fuel cell element and / or for discharging fuel and / or oxidant and / or exhaust gas and / or coolant from a fuel cell element. The fluid guiding unit includes a base body. The base body includes a plurality of fluid pipelines and attachment sites for attaching supply pipelines and / or discharge pipelines and / or additional components of a fuel cell device.

[0003] In many fuel cell stacks, water is formed from hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). In fuel cell devices operating with other fuels, such as methanol, water is also produced as a product of electrochemical conversion.

[0004] Additionally, varying amounts of water are typically introduced into the fuel cell device by the supplied air.

[0005] It is necessary to drain the accumulated water, otherwise the fuel cell stack will be flooded and the operation of the fuel cell will be disturbed or interrupted thereby.

[0006] It is well known that water present in the fuel cell device causes problems especially when starting the vehicle at very low temperatures. The accumulation of liquid in the pipeline system of the fuel cell device may also cause problems during ongoing operation. Depending on the operating state of the vehicle powered by the fuel cell, the water content of the fluid supplied to the fuel cell stack (e.g., hydrogen and air) may fluctuate. Thereby, it is difficult to achieve continuous operation of the fuel cell device under optimal conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for a motor vehicle at least partially driven by a fuel cell device, by which efficient operation of the motor vehicle can be achieved at low cost.

[0008] According to the present invention, this object is achieved by a sensor unit according to the relevant independent claims.

[0009] The sensor unit may preferably be a sensor unit for a fluid guiding unit for discharging liquid.

[0010] The fluid guiding unit may be a media distribution unit.

[0011] The medium distribution unit can form part of a fuel cell device. They can be used, for example, to guide fuel and / or oxidant and / or coolant to the fuel cell elements, or to discharge fuel and / or oxidant and / or exhaust gas and / or coolant from the fuel cell elements.

[0012] The fluid guiding unit can preferably be a liquid separation unit or include a liquid separation unit.

[0013] In the context of the present invention, the liquid especially refers to an aqueous liquid.

[0014] The sensor unit can be, for example, a sensor unit for a fluid guiding unit that is used to discharge liquid from the fuel cell device.

[0015] The sensor unit includes at least one liquid level detection area.

[0016] Any area that can detect the liquid level can be considered a liquid level detection area. Areas that can detect the liquid level are known to those skilled in the art.

[0017] In the liquid level detection area, the height of the liquid can be detected, for example, by sending a signal at a specific liquid level or when exceeding or falling below a specific liquid level. For example, the liquid level can be detected by detecting the liquid itself in the detection area. Thus, the liquid level detection area can be a liquid detection area.

[0018] In the liquid level detection area, the liquid level can be detected, for example, by contacting a floating body, where the floating body rises with the rising liquid level and falls with the falling liquid level. The contact with the floating body can be detectable, for example, only at a specific liquid level or only above or below a specific liquid level.

[0019] Preferably, the sensor unit can include at least one displacement recognition unit (Auslenkungserkennungssignal) for recognizing at least one displacement force that can act on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area, or for recognizing the influence of at least one displacement force.

[0020] The displacement recognition unit can be a displacement recognition unit adapted to recognize at least one displacement force that can act on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area.

[0021] A variety of forces can be regarded as displacement forces that can act on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area. The displacement force acting on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area can occur, for example, when a motor vehicle including the sensor unit brakes or accelerates. The displacement force acting on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area can be, for example, the centrifugal force that occurs when a motor vehicle including the sensor unit turns. The displacement force acting on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area can be, for example, the gravitational force when a motor vehicle including the sensor unit tilts forward, backward, and / or to one side.

[0022] The displacement recognition unit can preferably be a displacement recognition unit for recognizing the influence of at least one displacement force. The influence of at least one displacement force can be, for example, the rise of the liquid level at one location and the drop of the liquid level at another location. The influence of at least one displacement force can be the fluctuation of the liquid level at at least one location. Those skilled in the art know that such an influence may occur when one of the mentioned displacement forces acts on the liquid that can be detected at the liquid level detection area, for example, when a motor vehicle accelerates or brakes, turns, or tilts.

[0023] The influence of the displacement force can be, for example, the change in the height of the liquid at the liquid level detection area. The change in the height of the liquid at the liquid level detection area may occur, for example, when a motor vehicle accelerates, decelerates, or tilts.

[0024] At least one liquid level detection area can be configured and set to generate at least one first liquid level detection signal.

[0025] The displacement recognition unit can be configured and set to generate at least one displacement recognition signal. The displacement recognition signal can be, for example, a second liquid level detection signal, an acceleration signal, or a tilt signal.

[0026] It can be advantageous that at least one displacement recognition unit includes an acceleration sensor and / or a tilt sensor.

[0027] The displacement recognition unit can include an acceleration sensor. Alternatively or additionally, the displacement recognition unit can include a tilt sensor.

[0028] The acceleration sensor can be configured and set to detect the acceleration or deceleration of a motor vehicle including the sensor unit.

[0029] An acceleration sensor can be configured and set to detect the acceleration of a motor vehicle, which may include a sensor unit, in at least one first spatial direction. The acceleration sensor can preferably be configured and set to detect the acceleration of a motor vehicle, which may include a sensor unit, in a first spatial direction and in a second spatial direction different from the first spatial direction. This can enable the detection of a displacement force acting in the first spatial direction by the acceleration sensor, which may be caused by acceleration or deceleration, for example, and also the detection of a second displacement force acting in the second spatial direction, which may be caused by a turning drive.

[0030] An inclination sensor can be configured and set to detect the inclination of a motor vehicle, which may include a sensor unit.

[0031] An inclination sensor can be configured and set to detect the inclination of a motor vehicle, which may include a sensor unit, in at least one first spatial direction. The inclination sensor can preferably be configured and set to detect the inclination of a motor vehicle, which may include a sensor unit, in a first spatial direction and in a second spatial direction different from the first spatial direction. This can enable the detection of a displacement force acting in the first spatial direction by the inclination sensor, which may be caused by acceleration or deceleration, for example, and also the detection of a second displacement force acting in the second spatial direction, which may be caused by a turning drive.

[0032] It can be particularly advantageous if the sensor unit, for example a displacement recognition unit, is configured and set such that at least one first displacement recognition signal can be generated when a displacement force acts, and at least one second displacement recognition signal can be generated when a second displacement force acts.

[0033] Preferably, the first displacement recognition signal is different from the second displacement recognition signal.

[0034] The first displacement recognition signal can be different from the second displacement recognition signal, for example, in that the sensor unit can output the first displacement recognition signal at a location different from the second displacement recognition signal, such as at different electrical conductors or at different interfaces.

[0035] Preferably, when the second displacement force acts in a direction different from the displacement force, a second displacement recognition signal can be generated, where the second displacement force can act in a direction opposite to or oblique to the first displacement force. Acting obliquely to the first displacement force can in particular mean that the second displacement force acts at an angle to the first displacement force, the angle being different from 0° and 180° and preferably being 20° to 160°, for example 40° to 140°.

[0036] Advantageously, at least one displacement recognition unit can include a plurality of spaced-apart liquid level detection zones.

[0037] Preferably, at least one liquid level detection area may form at least one of a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other included in the displacement recognition unit.

[0038] Therefore, in combination with the present invention, it is feasible that at least one liquid level detection area is used to detect the liquid level and at the same time forms at least one of a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other included in the displacement recognition unit.

[0039] In particular, then at least one liquid level detection area may be configured and set to generate at least one first liquid level detection signal and also contribute to generating at least one displacement recognition signal.

[0040] It may be particularly advantageous that at least one displacement recognition unit includes a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in a first direction and a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in a second direction.

[0041] Here, at least one liquid level detection area may preferably form at least one of a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in the first direction. Alternatively or additionally, at least one liquid level detection area may preferably form at least one of a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in the second direction here.

[0042] This enables it to be realized that the influence of the first displacement force is recognized by the liquid level reaching two liquid level detection areas spaced apart in the first direction. This also enables it to be realized that the action of the second displacement force is detected by the liquid level reaching the liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in the second direction.

[0043] If at least one displacement recognition unit includes a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in a first direction and a plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction may be at an angle of 10 to 170°, advantageously 20 to 160°, in particular 30 to 150°, preferably 45 to 135°, particularly preferably 55 to 125°, very particularly preferably 65 to 115°, for example 70 to 110° with respect to each other.

[0044] This can be advantageous because different displacement forces can be distinguished in a particularly simple manner, and this can be taken into account respectively when evaluating the liquid level that can be detected at at least one liquid level detection area.

[0045] If there are a plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in a first direction and a plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in a second direction, then one of the liquid level detection regions can be arranged lower in the liquid collection region of the fluid guiding unit than the other liquid level detection regions. If there are a plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in a first direction and a plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in a second direction, then at least one liquid level detection region included in the sensor unit can be the liquid level detection region arranged at the lowest position in the liquid collection region.

[0046] Then, at least one liquid level detection region that can be arranged at the lowest position is preferably at least one of the plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in the first direction and one of the plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in the second direction.

[0047] A specific displacement recognition unit according to the present invention may further include a plurality of liquid level detection regions spaced apart from each other in a third direction. Preferably, the third direction extends out of the plane in which the other two directions lie. These two directions are preferably the first direction and the second direction, in which the liquid level detection regions are spaced apart from each other.

[0048] It can be particularly advantageous that the sensor unit includes or is a sensor device.

[0049] It can be very particularly advantageous that the sensor unit includes or is a sensor device, wherein at least a part of the plurality of spaced-apart liquid level detection regions are liquid level detection regions constructed at the sensor surface of the sensor device.

[0050] At least a part of the plurality of spaced-apart liquid level detection regions can be liquid detection regions.

[0051] Preferably, at least three of the plurality of spaced-apart liquid detection regions can be sensor regions of the sensor device. At least three of the plurality of spaced-apart liquid detection regions can be sensor regions arranged at the sensor surface of the sensor device.

[0052] Preferably, the plurality of liquid level detection regions are arranged relative to each other at the sensor surface of the sensor device such that when the liquid level of the liquid collected in the liquid collection region rises, the collected liquid can first be detected via a first liquid level detection region, and when the liquid level of the collected liquid further rises, the collected liquid can be detected via a second liquid level detection region later.

[0053] It can be particularly advantageous that a sensor matrix is constructed at the sensor surface. The sensor matrix may preferably include a plurality of sensor rows and a plurality of sensor columns, in which the liquid level detection regions arranged within the sensor rows and sensor columns are spaced apart from each other.

[0054] The sensor matrix can advantageously include at least two sensor columns and at least two sensor rows. For example, two liquid level detection areas arranged in a sensor row can be spaced apart from each other in a first direction, and two liquid level detection areas arranged in a sensor column can be spaced apart from each other in a second direction.

[0055] This object is achieved according to the invention by a fluid guiding unit according to the relevant independent claims.

[0056] The fluid guiding unit is a fluid guiding unit for discharging a liquid. In many technical fields, it is necessary to discharge a liquid from a container and pipeline that guides the fluid in a controlled manner.

[0057] Preferably, the fluid guiding unit is a fluid guiding unit for discharging a liquid from a fuel cell device. As has been emphasized elsewhere herein, an aqueous liquid accumulates in the fuel cell device. This must be discharged from the fuel cell device in a controlled manner.

[0058] The fluid guiding unit includes a liquid collection area and at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area. The height of the liquid that can be collected in the liquid collection area can be detected at at least one liquid level detection area.

[0059] Preferably, the liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area is the liquid level detection area of the sensor unit according to the invention described herein. Alternatively or additionally, at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area can detect and distinguish multiple, advantageously at least three, for example at least four different liquid levels in the liquid collection area.

[0060] The detection and distinction of multiple different liquid levels in the liquid collection area can be achieved, for example, by respectively generating or being able to generate different liquid level detection signals for multiple different liquid levels.

[0061] If at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area can achieve the detection of multiple different liquid levels in the liquid collection area, the displacement recognition unit can be dispensable, which is used to recognize at least one displacement force that can act on the liquid that can be collected at the liquid level detection area or to recognize the influence of at least one displacement force.

[0062] The detection of multiple different liquid levels in the liquid collection area can be achieved by a sensor that extends upward in the liquid collection area. The sensor can, for example, extend upward from the bottom or the wall. In order to detect multiple different liquid levels in the liquid collection area, the sensor can have multiple switching points. Preferably, each of the switching points corresponds to a liquid level. The multiple switching points and the corresponding liquid levels can be of any size. Thus, even in the case of liquid level fluctuations, the liquid level can be measured continuously or almost continuously.

[0063] Preferably, the fluid guiding unit may include the sensor device described herein. A plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other may be arranged in the liquid collection area.

[0064] Advantageously, the plurality of liquid level detection areas spaced apart from each other are sensor areas of the sensor device arranged in the liquid collection area.

[0065] The fluid guiding unit preferably includes at least two liquid level detection areas arranged in the liquid collection area. The two liquid level detection areas are preferably spaced apart from each other in a first direction in the liquid collection area. Advantageously, one of the two liquid level detection areas is lower than the other liquid level detection area in the liquid collection area.

[0066] Preferably, the first direction along which the two liquid level detection areas are spaced apart in the liquid collection area is different from the direction along which the liquid level rises when the liquid collection area is filled with liquid. When determining the direction along which the liquid collection area is filled with liquid, it is assumed that the fluid guiding unit is conventionally arranged at the fuel cell device, and the motor vehicle in which the fuel cell device is arranged is in an upright state.

[0067] Advantageously, at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area may be the liquid level detection area of the sensor unit according to the invention described herein or the liquid level detection area of the sensor device according to the invention described herein.

[0068] It may be particularly preferred that the sensor unit includes a built-in section and an external section. The built-in section may be arranged in the liquid collection area. The external section may be arranged outside the liquid collection area. Advantageously, the built-in section may extend into the liquid collection area. Advantageously, the external section may be arranged outside the wall of the fluid guiding unit that defines the liquid collection area.

[0069] It may be particularly advantageous that the built-in section of the sensor unit extends obliquely into the liquid collection area. If the built-in section of the sensor unit extends obliquely into the liquid collection area, this may in particular mean that the main extension direction of the built-in section of the sensor unit forms an angle greater than 0° and at the same time less than 90° with the direction along which the liquid can rise in the liquid collection area. Preferably, the angle may be in the range of 10° to 80°, particularly preferably in the range of 20° to 70°, and very particularly preferably in the range of 25° to 65°. This may in particular mean that the liquid rising in the liquid collection area first covers a first area of the built-in section, and when the liquid rising in the liquid collection area rises further, another area of the built-in section is covered by the liquid.

[0070] It can be particularly advantageous if the sensor matrix described herein is arranged at an internal section of the sensor unit that extends obliquely into the liquid collection area. The sensor matrix can be arranged, for example, at the sensor surface of an internal section of the sensor unit that extends obliquely into the liquid collection area. In particular, the sensor unit can then be the sensor device described herein.

[0071] A first direction along which a plurality of liquid level detection areas are spaced apart from each other can be oriented, for example, orthogonally to the main extension direction of the built-in section of the sensor unit. A second direction along which the plurality of liquid level detection areas are spaced apart from each other can be oriented, for example, parallel to the main extension direction of the internal section of the sensor unit.

[0072] The fluid guiding unit can include a sensor receiving area into which the sensor unit is received. Preferably, the sensor unit can be received into the sensor receiving area in such a way that the built-in section of the sensor unit is located in the liquid collection area and the external section of the sensor unit is located outside the liquid collection area.

[0073] It can be particularly advantageous if the sensor receiving area is constructed at a wall of the fluid guiding unit that defines the liquid collection area downward and laterally. This can facilitate the desired inclined orientation of the built-in section of the sensor unit and at the same time enable a particularly space-saving arrangement of the external section of the sensor unit, which basically does not require additional structural space below the liquid collection area.

[0074] It can be particularly advantageous if the fluid guiding unit includes a controllable discharge valve for discharging the liquid that can be collected in the liquid collection area.

[0075] The controllable discharge valve can be advantageously constructed and configured such that it can receive a signal. The signal can be, for example, a signal that can be sent by the control system described herein. The signal can be, for example, a signal for opening the discharge valve or for closing the discharge valve.

[0076] It can be particularly advantageous if there is or can be established a direct or indirect connection from at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area to the controllable discharge valve. The connection can be a connection for directly or indirectly transmitting a liquid level detection signal that can be generated by at least one liquid level detection area to the discharge valve. The indirect connection can be established or can be established via the control system described herein, which can be, for example, a control unit or a control device.

[0077] Preferably, the fluid guiding unit includes a flow barrier. The flow barrier can be configured in the liquid collection area. Preferably, it can resist the displacement of the liquid that can be collected in the liquid collection area. It can be particularly advantageous that the flow barrier can resist the displacement of the liquid that can be collected in the liquid collection area caused by the displacement force. This can particularly mean that the liquid that has been collected in the liquid collection area does not shift or does not shift into the fuel cell stack. This can also enable the motor vehicle to operate more efficiently with particularly low consumption.

[0078] In addition, this can enable a more reliable and less position-dependent detection of the height of the liquid in the liquid level detection area.

[0079] The fluid guiding unit can preferably include a purification pipeline. The purification pipeline can be understood as a non-rinse pipeline, for example, which can be used to thoroughly or completely discharge the residual liquid from the fluid guiding unit or the fuel cell device described herein by means of an air flow that can be guided through the purification pipeline.

[0080] The purification pipeline can preferably extend from the lower area of the liquid collection area to the higher area of the liquid collection area.

[0081] The purification pipeline can preferably be tubular.

[0082] The purification pipeline can lead into a liquid discharge opening, through which the residual liquid can be thoroughly or completely discharged. A discharge valve receiving area can be configured at the liquid discharge opening. A discharge valve can be installed or can be installable at the discharge valve receiving area.

[0083] The fluid guiding unit can include a plastic member. The plastic member can be, for example, a base element in which the liquid collection area is configured.

[0084] The plastic member can be a member obtained by molding, for example, by injection molding or by modification.

[0085] The purification pipeline can preferably extend along the discharge direction. The discharge direction can be oriented parallel to the demolding direction. The demolding direction is the direction along which the plastic member included in the fluid guiding unit has been removed from the molding tool.

[0086] In this context, parallel can particularly mean that the demolding direction and the discharge direction form an angle of 20° or less, preferably 10° or less, for example 5° or less, with respect to each other.

[0087] Preferably, the fluid guiding unit can have a sealing area. The sealing area can be configured, for example, at the fluid guiding unit itself or at the base element in which the liquid collection area is configured.

[0088] The sealing region may include a flange region constructed at the edge of the fluid guiding unit or at the edge of the base element.

[0089] The sealing region may have a recess. The recess may preferably extend along the sealing region and may be constructed, for example, at the flange region. The recess is preferably used to receive a sealing element.

[0090] This object is achieved according to the invention by a fuel cell device according to the relevant independent claims.

[0091] The fuel cell device may in particular be a fuel cell device for a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle may in particular be a motor vehicle that is driven fully or partially by the fuel cell device.

[0092] The fuel cell device includes a fluid guiding unit. The fluid guiding unit may for example be the fluid guiding unit according to the invention described herein.

[0093] Liquid collected or collectable in the liquid collection region of the fuel cell device, for example liquid collected or collectable in the liquid collection region of the fluid guiding unit according to the invention described herein, is discharged through a controllable discharge valve.

[0094] The discharge valve is controlled in accordance with the detection of the liquid at at least one liquid level detection region arranged in the liquid collection region and / or the recognition of at least one displacement force that can act on the liquid collectable at the liquid level detection region, or the recognition of the influence of at least one displacement force.

[0095] Thus, in particular, the discharge valve can be controlled in accordance with the detection of the liquid. Alternatively or additionally, in particular, the discharge valve can be controlled in accordance with the recognition of at least one displacement force or the recognition of the influence of at least one displacement force.

[0096] The statement that the mentioned detection or the mentioned recognition is crucial for the discharge valve does not exclude that the detection and / or recognition are acquired and processed by a control system, for example the control system described herein.

[0097] Thus, the discharge valve can be controlled in particular indirectly in accordance with the mentioned detection and / or the mentioned recognition.

[0098] In addition, other data and / or information and / or signals may be crucial for the control of the discharge valve. The other data and / or information and / or signals may in particular include pressure and / or temperature.

[0099] Preferably, the fuel cell device includes a control system or is connected to a control system. The control system may preferably be connected or connectable to a sensor unit, such as the sensor unit according to the present invention described herein. The control system may advantageously be the control system according to the present invention described herein. In particular, when the fuel cell device is connected to a control system not included in the fuel cell device, the control system may be a control system of a motor vehicle that also undertakes other control tasks.

[0100] The drain valve may be fully or partially controlled or controllable by the control system.

[0101] This object is achieved according to the present invention by a method for controlling a drain valve according to the relevant independent claims.

[0102] The method for controlling a drain valve is in particular a method for controlling a drain valve for draining liquid from a liquid collection area.

[0103] The liquid collection area is preferably the liquid collection area of a fluid guiding unit, such as the fluid guiding unit according to the present invention described herein.

[0104] The fluid guiding unit is preferably the fluid guiding unit of the fuel cell device. The fuel cell device may preferably be the fuel cell device according to the present invention described herein.

[0105] The fuel cell device is preferably the fuel cell device of a motor vehicle according to the present invention described herein.

[0106] The drain valve is controlled in accordance with at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement identification signal.

[0107] In particular, the drain valve may be controlled in accordance with at least one liquid level detection signal. Alternatively or additionally, the drain valve may be controlled in accordance with at least one displacement identification signal.

[0108] Preferably, at least one liquid level detection signal may be from at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area. It may be particularly advantageous if at least one liquid level detection signal is from at least one liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area, which belongs to the sensor unit or sensor device according to the present invention described herein.

[0109] Preferably, at least one displacement recognition signal can be from at least one displacement recognition unit. The at least one displacement recognition signal can also preferably be based on the recognition of a displacement force acting on the liquid collectable at at least one liquid level detection area and / or the recognition of the influence of the displacement force. The at least one displacement recognition signal can preferably be based on the recognition of a displacement force acting on the liquid collectable at at least one liquid level detection area. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one displacement recognition signal can preferably be based on the recognition of the influence of the displacement force.

[0110] It can be particularly advantageous if the at least one displacement recognition signal is from at least one displacement recognition unit of the sensor unit or sensor device according to the invention described herein.

[0111] The statement of controlling the discharge valve in accordance with at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement recognition signal in combination with the method according to the invention does not mean that other signals different from the aforementioned signals must be ignored when controlling the discharge valve.

[0112] The method can in particular be a method for preventing a fuel cell stack from being flooded by the liquid collectable in the liquid collection area.

[0113] It can be particularly advantageous to control the discharge valve in accordance with at least one liquid level detection signal and at least one displacement recognition signal.

[0114] When controlling the discharge valve in accordance with at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement recognition signal, it can be particularly advantageous to control it in such a way that only when

[0115] - the liquid in the liquid collection area has risen to the lowest liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area and the liquid level detection signal is from this liquid level detection area, and

[0116] - the liquid collected in the liquid collection area reaches at least one of the plurality of liquid level detection areas arranged higher up in the liquid collection area, which are spaced apart from the lowest liquid level detection area arranged in the liquid collection area in different directions, the discharge valve is switched to the open state.

[0117] The displacement recognition signal can in particular be a second liquid level detection signal from at least one of the liquid level detection areas arranged higher up in the liquid collection area.

[0118] It can be particularly advantageous to additionally control the discharge valve in accordance with the pressure present in the liquid collection area. Here, for example, the discharge valve can be additionally controlled in accordance with the difference between the pressure present in the liquid collection area and the ambient pressure.

[0119] Advantageously, the pressure present in the liquid collection area can be ascertained or ascertainable with a pressure sensor.

[0120] The pressure present in the liquid collection area can be ascertained directly or indirectly using a pressure sensor or can be ascertainable directly or indirectly using a pressure sensor.

[0121] The pressure sensor can be arranged in the liquid collection area. In particular, the pressure present in the liquid collection area can then be ascertained directly using the pressure sensor or can be ascertainable directly using the pressure sensor. Then, the pressure ascertained by the pressure sensor corresponds to the pressure present in the liquid collection area.

[0122] The pressure sensor can be arranged in an area outside the liquid collection area in a fuel cell device, in particular in a fuel cell device described herein, and this area is in gas-conductive connection with the liquid collection area. Then, the pressure present in the liquid collection area can be ascertained indirectly using the pressure sensor or can be ascertainable indirectly using the pressure sensor, wherein additionally the pressure gradient occurring on the gas-conductive connection can be taken into account.

[0123] Preferably, the fuel cell device can include a fuel cell stack. The area outside the liquid collection area in which the pressure sensor can be arranged can preferably be the stack inlet area. Preferably, the stack inlet area can be in gas-conductive connection with the liquid collection area via one or more cells of the fuel cell stack. Preferably, the anode gas can be conducted or can be conductible via the stack inlet area through one or more cells into the liquid collection area. Then, the pressure present in the liquid collection area can be ascertained indirectly using the pressure sensor or can be ascertainable indirectly using the pressure sensor, wherein preferably additionally the pressure gradient occurring on one or more cells can be taken into account.

[0124] The pressure gradient can be a pressure gradient ascertained empirically. The pressure gradient ascertained empirically can be a pressure gradient ascertained empirically during the development phase of the fuel cell device.

[0125] Therefore, other pressure sensors in the liquid collection area can be dispensed with.

[0126] The pressure gradient, for example a pressure gradient ascertained empirically, can be applied in the control unit.

[0127] If the outlet valve is additionally controlled in accordance with the pressure present in the liquid collection area, then, for example, the pressure gradient, for example a pressure gradient ascertained empirically, can be taken into account when determining the pressure present in the liquid collection area.

[0128] Advantageously, the ambient pressure can be ascertained using a pressure sensor arranged at a location that is not spatially separated from the surrounding atmosphere.

[0129] It can be particularly advantageous to

[0130] - at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement recognition signal and / or

[0131] - the pressure present in the liquid collection area

[0132] to control the duration of the opening interval in which the discharge valve assumes an open state.

[0133] For example, it is possible to

[0134] - at least one liquid level detection signal and at least one displacement recognition signal and

[0135] - the pressure present in the liquid collection area

[0136] to control the duration of the opening interval in which the discharge valve assumes an open state.

[0137] This offers the additional advantage that, when determining the duration of the opening interval, the pressure present in the liquid collection area can be taken into account together, which has a crucial influence on the discharge rate of the liquid that can be discharged through the discharge valve. This prevents the discharge valve from remaining open after discharging the collected liquid. This can thus largely avoid the undesired escape of valuable fuel, such as hydrogen. Ultimately, this also promotes the efficient operation of the motor vehicle with low consumption.

[0138] It can be advantageous to control the discharge valve according to the filling height reached in the liquid collection area. For example, the discharge valve can be opened when an upper filling height threshold is reached, and / or the discharge valve can be closed when a lower filling height threshold is reached.

[0139] Preferably, the discharge valve can be opened in the following cases, namely,

[0140] - for a signal critical for opening, such as at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement recognition signal, has been acquired at a minimum frequency critical for opening or for a minimum duration critical for opening within a predetermined time period, and / or

[0141] - the filling height threshold critical for opening has been reached or exceeded at a minimum frequency or for a minimum duration within a predetermined time period.

[0142] Preferably, the discharge valve can be closed in the following cases, namely,

[0143] - for a signal critical for closing, such as at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement recognition signal, has not been acquired at a minimum frequency critical for closing or for a minimum duration critical for closing within a predetermined time period, and / or

[0144] - below a fill height threshold critical for closing at a minimum frequency or for a minimum duration within a predefined period of time.

[0145] Alternatively, the outlet valve can be opened when the upper fill height threshold is reached, and / or the outlet valve can be closed after it has remained open for a predefined time.

[0146] Thus, a desired degree of evacuation can be ensured.

[0147] For example, the method can be controlled such that when a motor vehicle, such as the motor vehicle described herein, transitions to a stationary state, such as a parked position, complete evacuation or less residual liquid is retained in the liquid collection area, and such that when the motor vehicle is in an operating state ready to drive, partial evacuation or more residual liquid is retained in the liquid collection area. When there is no or only little residual liquid (water) in the parked motor vehicle that can freeze and potentially cause starting problems, this can provide an advantage for cold start performance in winter. Thus, the residual liquid in the vehicle can be avoided to the greatest extent possible.

[0148] The method can also be controlled such that even when the motor vehicle is in a stationary state, such as a parked position, inside a building, partial evacuation or more residual liquid is retained in the liquid collection area. This can further improve operational safety because then, in particular, even when parked inside a building, the escape of fuel, such as hydrogen, can be efficiently and completely prevented.

[0149] Therefore, it is advantageously possible to further improve operational safety in particular. Because then, according to the invention, the escape of fuel, such as hydrogen, which can form an ignitable mixture (explosive gas) with the surrounding oxygen, can be reliably prevented in a particularly simple manner, especially inside a building, without incurring a negative impact on the cold start performance of a motor vehicle parked outdoors.

[0150] It can be particularly advantageous that in the method, the control valve can be closed before the gas flows out of the liquid collection area through the outlet valve.

[0151] This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for controlling a fuel cell device according to the relevant independent claims.

[0152] The method for controlling a fuel cell device is, for example, a method for controlling the fuel cell device described herein.

[0153] In the method for controlling a fuel cell device, according to

[0154] - at least one liquid level detection signal, which can preferably be from at least one liquid level detection zone arranged in the liquid collection area, and / or

[0155] - At least one displacement recognition signal, which can preferably originate from at least one displacement recognition unit and which can preferably be based on:

[0156] - Recognition of a displacement force acting on the liquid that can be collected in at least one liquid level detection area, and / or

[0157] - Recognition of the influence of this displacement force,

[0158] to control the fuel cell device,

[0159] wherein the fuel cell device transitions from a higher power operating state to a lower power operating state or to an off state when,

[0160] - At least one liquid level detection signal indicates that the filling height threshold in the liquid collection area has been reached or exceeded, and / or

[0161] - At least one displacement recognition signal indicates that the displacement force threshold of the displacement force has been reached or exceeded, or indicates the influence of at least one displacement force, which indicates that the displacement force threshold has been reached or exceeded.

[0162] Preferably, when the displacement recognition signal can infer an inclination of at least 20°, preferably at least 25°, for example at least 30°, the fuel cell device can transition from a higher power operating state to a lower power operating state or to an off state.

[0163] The inclination given here refers to the non-inclined state that a four-wheel motor vehicle and the fuel cell device arranged therein present, for example, when all four wheels of the motor vehicle are parked on a horizontal road.

[0164] Particularly advantageously, the method for controlling the outlet valve can simultaneously be a method for controlling the fuel cell device, which has the features given here in combination with the method for controlling the fuel cell device.

[0165] Preferably, when the displacement recognition signal can infer an inclination of at least 20°, preferably at least 25°, for example at least 30°, the fuel cell device can transition from a higher power operating state to a lower power operating state or to an off state, and when the displacement recognition signal can infer a smaller inclination, the outlet valve can be opened.

[0166] This object is achieved according to the invention by a control system according to the relevant independent claims, for example by a control unit.

[0167] The control system can for example be a control unit. The control unit can be a control device.

[0168] Many different control systems are installed in a motor vehicle, which may include one or more control units, such as control devices.

[0169] The control system, such as the control unit, is configured and set to control the drain valve according to the method according to the invention described herein and / or to control the fuel cell device according to the invention described herein.

[0170] Advantageously, the control system, such as the control unit, may include an interface for receiving at least one liquid level detection signal and an interface for receiving at least one displacement identification signal. In addition, the control system may include an interface for sending a signal to the drain valve and / or an interface for sending a signal for controlling the operating state of the fuel cell device. Preferably, the control system may include an interface for sending a signal to the drain valve and an interface for sending a signal for controlling the operating state of the fuel cell device.

[0171] It may be preferred that the control system, such as the control unit, includes an interface for receiving at least one signal sent by a pressure sensor.

[0172] The control system, such as the control unit, is ultimately also used to enable a more efficient operation of the motor vehicle with as low a consumption as possible.

[0173] In particular, by means of the control system, such as by means of the control unit, the drain valve can be optimized based on the liquid level detection signal and the displacement identification signal, and in particular the duration of its opening and the opening interval, such that the risk of the fuel cell stack being flooded by the accumulated liquid is minimized and at the same time the undesired escape of valuable fuel via the drain valve is avoided.

[0174] This object is achieved according to the invention by a motor vehicle according to the relevant independent claims. The motor vehicle may in particular be a motor vehicle driven fully or partially by a fuel cell device.

[0175] The motor vehicle may be a road vehicle, a water vehicle or a rail vehicle.

[0176] It may be particularly preferred that the motor vehicle is a road vehicle. Usually, large inclinations, decelerations and accelerations occur in road vehicles, so that the advantages derivable from the present invention can be achieved to a particularly high degree in road vehicles.

[0177] In a road vehicle, particularly strong displacement forces and the influence of displacement forces may occur compared to a rail vehicle.

[0178] In a water vehicle, particularly periodic inclination changes may occur. This may be caused by, for example, wave undulations.

[0179] This can lead to problems when detecting a high filling level that can be collected in the liquid collection area.

[0180] It has been shown that these problems can be eliminated in a particularly simple manner using the present invention. Because, by combining the liquid level detection with the displacement recognition, these tilt changes can be specifically identified, and from this, a potentially excessive filling level can be inferred.

[0181] The motor vehicle includes a sensor unit, such as the sensor unit according to the present invention described herein, a fuel cell device, such as the fuel cell device according to the present invention described herein, and a control system, such as the control system according to the present invention described herein, such as the control unit according to the present invention described herein.

[0182] The sensor unit is connected to the control system such that at least one liquid level detection signal and / or at least one displacement recognition signal can be received from the control system. The control system is connected to the outlet valve such that the signal sent by the control system can be transmitted to the outlet valve.

[0183] Preferably, the sensor unit is connected to the control system such that at least one liquid level detection signal and at least one displacement recognition signal can be received by the control system.

[0184] Preferably, in the motor vehicle according to the present invention, the sensors of the sensor unit can be sensors that have already been installed in the motor vehicle for other purposes.

[0185] Advantageously, the sensor unit included in the motor vehicle can be the sensor unit described herein, wherein at least one displacement recognition unit includes an acceleration sensor and / or a tilt sensor. The signals generated by the acceleration sensor and / or the tilt sensor, such as the displacement recognition signal, can for example not only be considered for controlling the outlet valve.

[0186] The signals generated by the acceleration sensor and / or the tilt sensor can in particular also be considered for controlling functions of the motor vehicle other than the fuel cell device.

[0187] Of course, the features described in connection with the subject matter of the present invention can also form the features of other subject matters described herein according to the present invention. The subject matter of the present invention is in particular the sensor unit, the fluid guiding unit, the fuel cell device, the method and the control system for controlling the outlet valve, and the motor vehicle. In particular, the sensor unit, the fluid guiding unit, the fuel cell device, and also the motor vehicle can be constructed and set such that the outlet valve can be controlled thereby according to the method according to the present invention described herein. Description of the Drawings

[0188] Other preferred features and / or advantages of the present invention are the subject of the illustrations and the following description of the embodiments.

[0189] In the drawings:

[0190] Figure 1 A schematic view of a section of the fluid guiding unit is shown;

[0191] Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 Another view of the section of the fluid guiding unit of

[0192] Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 Another view of the section of the fluid guiding unit of

[0193] Figure 4 Shows Figure 1 Another view of the section of the fluid guiding unit of

[0194] Figure 5 Shows Figure 1 Another view of the section of the fluid guiding unit of

[0195] Figure 6 Shows Figure 1 Another view of the section of the fluid guiding unit of

[0196] Figure 7 Shows Figure 4 Cross-section A-A of

[0197] Figure 8 Shows Figure 4 Cross-section B-B of

[0198] Figure 9 Shows Figures 1 to 8 A schematic view of the sensor device of the fluid guiding unit shown

[0199] Figure 10 Shows Figure 3 The section of

[0200] Figure 11 Another view of the other fluid guiding unit is shown;

[0201] Figure 12 Shows Figure 11 Another view of the fluid guiding unit of

[0202] Figure 13 Shows Figure 11 And Figure 12 Another view of the fluid guiding unit of

[0203] Figure 14 Shows Figure 13Cross-section A-A;

[0204] Figure 15 Schematic diagram showing other fluid guiding units;

[0205] Figure 16 Showing Figure 15 Another view of other fluid guiding units of

[0206] Figure 17 Showing Figure 15 Another view of other fluid guiding units of

[0207] Figure 18 Showing Figure 15 Another view of other fluid guiding units of

[0208] Figure 19 Showing Figure 15 Another view of other fluid guiding units of; and

[0209] Figure 20 Showing Figure 15 Another view of other fluid guiding units of

[0210] Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all the figures. Detailed description

[0211] Figures 1 to 6 Segments of the fluid guiding unit 100 are shown from different perspective views.

[0212] The fluid guiding unit shown can be used to drain liquid from a fuel cell device.

[0213] The fluid guiding unit 100 includes a cover element 102 and a base element 104. The cover element 102 and the base element 104 can be plastic components, for example, plastic components obtained by injection molding.

[0214] The fluid guiding unit 100 includes a liquid collection area 106. In the example shown here, the liquid collection area 106 is formed in a recess 108 of the base element 104.

[0215] The fluid guiding unit 100 includes a fluid passage 110. In the example shown here, the fluid passage 110 is formed in the cover element 102.

[0216] A liquid separation area 112 is formed inside the fluid guiding unit 100. The fluid passage 110 provides the possibility of supplying a gas, which can be, for example, a hydrogen-containing gas, to the liquid separation area 112 or discharging it from the liquid separation area 112.

[0217] The channel region 114 leads out from the liquid separation region 112 and leads into the liquid channel 116, and the separated liquid can flow out through this liquid channel into the liquid collection region 106.

[0218] The fluid guiding unit 100 includes a sensor unit 118. The sensor unit 118 is the sensor device 120 shown in more detail in Figure 9 this.

[0219] The sensor unit 118 includes a plurality of liquid level detection regions 122. The liquid level detection regions 122 are liquid detection regions 124. Here it is the sensor region 126 of the sensor device 120.

[0220] The liquid level detection regions 122 are arranged at the sensor surface 128 of the sensor device 120.

[0221] The fluid guiding unit 100 further includes a valve receiving region 130, in which a controllable discharge valve for discharging the liquid that can be collected in the liquid collection region 106 can be received.

[0222] In Figure 2 it can be clearly seen that the sensor unit 118 includes a connecting element 132. The connecting element 132 is a receiving element 134. For example, a plug-in part can be received into the receiving element 134. The sensor unit 118 can send a liquid level detection signal 136 and a displacement identification signal 138 via the connecting element 132. These signals 136 and 138 can be transmitted, for example, to the control system described herein.

[0223] Especially from Figure 3 it can be clearly seen that the fluid guiding unit 100 includes a flow barrier 140. The flow barrier 140 is arranged in the liquid collection region 106. They extend from the base element 104 in the demolding direction.

[0224] The flow barrier 140 resists the unwanted movement of the liquid collected in the liquid collection region 106. The flow barrier 140 can largely prevent the risk of liquid flow returning to the fuel cell stack, even in the case of a relatively high liquid level.

[0225] It can also be clearly seen in Figure 4 the perspective view shown in combination with Figure 2 the connecting element 132 described.

[0226] In the Figure 5 perspective view shown of the fluid guiding unit 100, a liquid through-opening 142 can be seen. The liquid through-opening 142 is constructed at the valve receiving region 130.

[0227] Through the liquid through-opening 142 and in Figure 5A controllable outlet valve (not shown either) can discharge the liquid collectable in the liquid collection area 106 from the liquid collection area 106.

[0228] In Figure 6 the perspective view shown, an observer sees the interior of the fluid guiding unit 100 through the fluid passage 110.

[0229] Figure 7 Shows Figure 4 section A-A of. From Figure 7 it can be clearly seen that the fluid guiding unit includes a channel wall 144. The channel wall 144 defines a channel area 114 that can be seen in Figure 1 .

[0230] Figure 8 Shows Figure 4 section B-B of. The channel wall 144 can also be seen there.

[0231] Figure 9 Is shown in an enlarged perspective view the sensor unit 118 that has been briefly described in Figure 1 .

[0232] The sensor unit 118 is a sensor device 120. The sensor unit 118 includes eight liquid level detection areas 122 at a sensor surface 128, which are liquid detection areas 124.

[0233] The liquid level detection areas 122 are spaced apart from each other. The sensor unit 118 includes a plurality of displacement recognition units 146. The displacement recognition units are used to recognize the influence of a displacement force that can act on the liquid collectable at the liquid level detection area.

[0234] The influence of this displacement force can be, for example, a change in the height of the liquid at the liquid level detection area 122. For example, when the motor vehicle equipped with the fluid guiding unit 100 is tilted, a change in the height at the liquid level detection area 122 may occur. This can especially occur when driving or parking on or at a downhill section.

[0235] The displacement force that causes a change in the height of the liquid at the liquid level detection area can also be an acceleration force that may occur when the driving speed increases or decreases or when driving in a turn.

[0236] Figure 9 Shows two displacement recognition units 146, which each include two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart from each other. The first displacement recognition unit 146 includes two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart from each other in a first direction 148. The second displacement recognition unit 146 includes two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart from each other in a second direction 150. The first direction 148 is different from the second direction 150.

[0237] The lowest point in the liquid collection area 106 ( Figure 1 ) The liquid level detection area 122 is formed as one of two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart from each other in the first direction 148 and one of two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart from each other in the second direction 150. Depending on the direction and strength of the displacement force, the liquid 152 collected in the liquid collection area 106 can reach one or more sensor surfaces 128. Thus, for example, it can be envisaged that on a downhill section, the two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart from each other in the first direction 148 detect the liquid, while on a steep uphill section, the two liquid level detection areas 122 spaced apart in the second direction 150 detect the liquid.

[0238] Even in the complete absence of an acceleration sensor or an inclination sensor, this enables the amount of the collected liquid 152 to be estimated in a much more precise manner than when detecting the liquid at a single liquid level detection area.

[0239] A sensor area 126 in the form of a sensor matrix 154 is arranged at the sensor surface 128. In the example shown, four sensor rows 156 and two sensor columns 158 are provided.

[0240] Figure 10 Shows Figure 3 a section of, and schematically shows three different exemplary liquid levels that the liquid can assume in the liquid collection area 106 with three different dashed lines. The liquid levels represent the result of the influence of various displacement forces, which can be caused, for example, by the braking, decelerating or turning movement of a vehicle or by the undulation of waves in the case of a watercraft.

[0241] Figure 11 Shows another embodiment of the fluid guiding unit. The fluid guiding unit includes a base element 104 and a valve receiving area 130. The valve receiving area 130 is constructed at the base element 104.

[0242] Additionally, a sensor receiving area 160 can be seen. Through the sensor receiving area 160, a sensor unit 118 or a sensor device 120, which is not shown in the embodiment combined there, can be at least partially received into the base element 104. Figure 11

[0243] In addition to the valve receiving area 130, a discharge valve receiving area 162 can also be seen in the Figure 11 view shown. Corresponding attachment elements 164 are constructed at the valve receiving area 130 and the discharge valve receiving area 162, respectively.

[0244] Other receiving areas 166 at the base element 104 enable other sensors, such as temperature sensors or pressure sensors, to be at least partially introduced into the base element 104.

[0245] Figure 12 Shows Figure 11 Another illustration of the other fluid guiding unit 100.

[0246] The base element 104 has a sealing area 168. The sealing area 168 is configured in the form of a flange area 170. The sealing area 168 includes a surrounding recess 172 into which a sealing element (not shown here) can be received.

[0247] The base element 104 includes a liquid collection area 106.

[0248] A purification line 174 extends from the liquid collection area. The purification line 174 extends in the discharge direction 176. In the example shown here, the purification line 174 is configured tubular. The discharge direction 176 extends in the direction of the tubular purification line 174.

[0249] The discharge direction 176 coincides with the demolding direction 178. The demolding direction 178 describes the direction in which the base element 104 can be demolded and can be removed from the molding tool, such as an injection molding tool, along the demolding direction 178 in a molding process. The molding tool is preferably configured such that the purification line 174 can be formed simultaneously.

[0250] Figure 13 Also shows Figure 11 And Figure 12 Another fluid guiding unit 100. In the view shown there, the receiving area 166 can be seen. In addition, the attachment element 164 can also be clearly seen.

[0251] Figure 14 Shows Figure 13 Cross-section A - A. The cross-section is implemented to pass through the sensor receiving area 160 and through the receiving area 166, and reveals a view into the liquid collection area 106. Figure 14 The exemplary liquid levels that the liquid can assume in the liquid collection area 106 are schematically shown with solid lines. The liquid levels represent the result of the influence of various displacement forces, which can occur, for example, due to braking, decelerating, or turning maneuvers of a vehicle or due to wave undulations in the case of a watercraft.

[0252] Figures 15 to 20 Shows another fluid guiding unit 100, which is different from the other two fluid guiding units 100 described so far in connection with Figures 1 to 9 And in connection with Figures 10 to 14 Described.

[0253] Figure 15 It is shown that the fluid guiding unit shown there also has a liquid collection area 106. A purification pipeline 174 extends from the liquid collection area 106. The purification pipeline 174 is configured to be tubular. It extends along the discharge direction 176. The liquid that can be discharged from the liquid collection area can be discharged from the fluid guiding unit 100 along the discharge direction 176 by means of an air flow passing through the purification pipeline 174 and the liquid discharge opening 180.

[0254] In the embodiment shown here, the liquid discharge opening 180 leads into the discharge valve receiving area 162.

[0255] In the Figures 15 to 20 shown embodiment of the fluid guiding unit 100, the discharge direction 176 also extends parallel to the demolding direction 178.

[0256] Figure 15 An attachment element 164 configured as a branch pipe 182 is shown. One of the attachment elements 164 is arranged at the liquid through-opening 142, which leads to the valve receiving area 130. Another attachment element 164 is arranged at the liquid discharge opening 180, which leads to the discharge valve receiving area 162.

[0257] Figure 16 It is shown that the fluid guiding unit 100 includes a sealing area 168. The sealing area 168 includes a flange area 170. A surrounding recess 172 is formed at the flange area 170, and a sealing element can be received in the recess.

[0258] The fluid guiding unit 100 includes a sensor unit 118. The sensor unit 118 is a sensor device 120.

[0259] Figure 16 The shown sensor unit 118 also includes a connecting element 132, which can be, for example, a receiving element 134, as described in more detail in connection with Figure 2 the shown sensor unit 118.

[0260] The sensor unit 118 is received in the sensor receiving area 160.

[0261] The built-in section 184 of the sensor unit 118 extends from the sensor receiving area 160 into the liquid collection area 106. The external section 186 of the sensor unit 118 extends from the sensor receiving area 160 outside the fluid guiding unit 100. A sealing element (not shown here) can be arranged at the sensor receiving area, which can completely or partially prevent liquid from overflowing from the liquid collection area 106 in the area between the sensor receiving area and the sensor unit 118.

[0262] Figure 17The fluid guiding unit 100 is shown from above, where the viewing direction of the observer is substantially aligned with Figure 17 the discharge direction 176 and the demolding direction 178, which are not drawn. Therefore, the Figure 16 externally located section 186 of the sensor unit 118 shown is covered, such that only the internally located section 184 of the sensor unit 118 can be seen.

[0263] Figure 18 A view of the fluid guiding unit 100 is shown, where in particular it can be clearly seen that a liquid discharge opening 180 is configured at the discharge valve receiving area 162, and a liquid through-opening 142 is configured at the valve receiving area 130.

[0264] Figure 18 The corresponding attachment element 164 is also shown.

[0265] Figure 19 Another view of the fluid guiding unit 100 is shown. In the view shown there, only the externally located section 186 of the sensor unit 118 can be seen.

[0266] In Figure 20 the view shown, only the externally located section 186 of the sensor unit 118 can also be seen.

[0267] Explanation of reference numerals

[0268] 100 Fluid guiding unit

[0269] 102 Cover element

[0270] 104 Base element

[0271] 106 Liquid collection area

[0272] 108 Recess

[0273] 110 Fluid passage

[0274] 112 Liquid separation area

[0275] 114 Channel area

[0276] 116 Liquid passage

[0277] 118 Sensor unit

[0278] 120 Sensor device

[0279] 122 Liquid level detection area

[0280] 124 Liquid detection area

[0281] 126 Sensor area

[0282] 128 Sensor surface

[0283] 130 Valve receiving area

[0284] 132 Connecting element

[0285] 134 Receiving element

[0286] 136 Liquid level detection signal

[0287] 138 Displacement identification signal

[0288] 140 Flow barrier

[0289] 142 Liquid through-opening

[0290] 144 Channel wall

[0291] 146 Displacement identification unit

[0292] 148 First direction

[0293] 150 Second direction

[0294] 152 Liquid

[0295] 154 Sensor matrix

[0296] 156 Sensor row

[0297] 158 Sensor column

[0298] 160 Sensor receiving area

[0299] 162 Drain valve receiving area

[0300] 164 Attachment element

[0301] 166 Receiving area

[0302] 168 Sealing area

[0303] 170 Flange area

[0304] 172 Recess

[0305] 174 Purification pipeline

[0306] 176 Drainage direction

[0307] 178 Demolding direction

[0308] 180 Liquid discharge opening

[0309] 182 Branch pipe

[0310] 184, 186 Sections

Claims

1. A sensor unit (118) for a fluid guiding unit (100) for discharging a liquid (152), for example for a fluid guiding unit (100) for discharging a liquid (152) from a fuel cell device, wherein the sensor unit (118) comprises: - At least one liquid level detection area (122).

2. The sensor unit (118) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor unit (118) comprises: - At least one displacement recognition unit (146) for recognizing at least one displacement force that can act on the liquid (152) that can be collected at the liquid level detection area (122), or for recognizing the influence of the at least one displacement force.

3. The sensor unit (118) according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one displacement recognition unit (146) comprises an acceleration sensor and / or an inclination sensor.

4. The sensor unit (118) according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one displacement recognition unit (146) comprises a plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other, wherein preferably, the at least one liquid level detection area (122) can form at least one of the plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other.

5. The sensor unit (118) according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the at least one displacement recognition unit (146) comprises a plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other in a first direction (148) and a plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other in a second direction (150), wherein preferably the at least one liquid level detection area (122) can form at least one of the plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other in the first direction (148) and / or at least one of the plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other in the second direction (150).

6. The sensor unit (118) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the sensor unit (118) comprises or is a sensor device (120), wherein at least a part of the plurality of liquid level detection areas (122) spaced apart from each other can be liquid detection areas (124), wherein preferably, at least three of the plurality of liquid level detection areas (124) spaced apart from each other are sensor areas (126) of the sensor device (120).

7. A fluid guiding unit (100) for discharging a liquid (152), for example for discharging a liquid (152) from a fuel cell device, wherein the fluid guiding unit (100) comprises: - A liquid collection area (106) and - At least one liquid level detection area (122) arranged in the liquid collection area (106), wherein preferably - The at least one liquid level detection area (122) can be the liquid level detection area (122) of the sensor unit (118) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and / or - The at least one liquid level detection area (122) is capable of detecting and differentiating a plurality of, advantageously at least three, for example at least four, different liquid levels in the liquid collection area (106), wherein the height of the liquid (152) that can be collected in the liquid collection area (106) can be detected at the at least one liquid level detection area (122).

8. The fluid guiding unit (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that the fluid guiding unit (100) comprises: - The sensor device (120) according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of spaced-apart liquid level detection areas (122) are sensor areas (126) of the sensor device (120) arranged within the liquid collection area (106).

9. The fluid guiding unit (100) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the fluid guiding unit (100) comprises: - A controllable discharge valve for discharging the liquid (152) that can be collected in the liquid collection area (106).

10. A fuel cell device, in particular a fuel cell device for a motor vehicle, wherein the fuel cell device comprises: - A fluid guiding unit (100), for example the fluid guiding unit (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the liquid (152) collected or capable of being collected in the liquid collection area (106) of the fuel cell device, for example the liquid (152) collected or capable of being collected in the liquid collection area (106) of the fluid guiding unit (100) according to any one of claims 7 to 9, can be discharged through a controllable discharge valve, and wherein according to - The detection of the liquid (152) at at least one liquid level detection area (122) arranged in the liquid collection area (106) and / or - The recognition of at least one displacement force that can act on the liquid (152) capable of being collected at the liquid level detection area (122), or the recognition of the influence on the at least one displacement force to control the discharge valve.

11. The fuel cell device according to claim 10, characterized in that - The fuel cell device comprises a control system or is connected to a control system, wherein the control system is preferably connected or connectable to the sensor unit (118) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the discharge valve is fully or partially controlled or controllable by the control system.

12. A method for controlling a discharge valve for discharging liquid (152) from a liquid collection area (106), wherein the liquid collection area (106) can preferably be the liquid collection area (106) of a fluid guiding unit (100), wherein the fluid guiding unit (100) can preferably be the fluid guiding unit (100) of a fuel cell device, and wherein the fuel cell device can preferably be the fuel cell device of a motor vehicle, wherein according to - At least one liquid level detection signal (136), which can preferably be from at least one liquid level detection area (122) arranged in the liquid collection area (106), and / or - at least one displacement recognition signal (138), which preferably can originate from at least one displacement recognition unit (146) and the displacement recognition signal preferably can be based on: - recognition of a displacement force acting on the liquid (152) that can be collected at at least one of the liquid level detection areas (122) and / or - recognition of the influence of the displacement force to control the discharge valve.

13. The method for controlling a discharge valve according to claim 12, characterized in that the discharge valve is controlled in accordance with the at least one liquid level detection signal (136) and the at least one displacement recognition signal (138).

14. The method for controlling a discharge valve according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that additionally in accordance with - the pressure present in the liquid collection area (106), for example the difference between the pressure present in the liquid collection area (106) and the ambient pressure to control the discharge valve.

15. The method for controlling a discharge valve according to claim 14, characterized in that in accordance with - the at least one liquid level detection signal (136) and / or the at least one displacement recognition signal (138), preferably the at least one liquid level detection signal (136) and the at least one displacement recognition signal (138), and / or - the pressure present in the liquid collection area (106) to control the duration of the opening interval in which the discharge valve assumes an open state, wherein preferably in accordance with - the at least one liquid level detection signal (136) and / or the at least one displacement recognition signal (138), preferably the at least one liquid level detection signal (136) and the at least one displacement recognition signal (138), and - the pressure present in the liquid collection area (106) to control the duration of the opening interval in which the discharge valve assumes an open state.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the control valve is closed before gas flows out of the liquid collection area (106) through the discharge valve.

17. A method for controlling a fuel cell device, for example a method for controlling a fuel cell device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein in accordance with - at least one liquid level detection signal (136), which preferably can originate from at least one liquid level detection area (122) arranged in the liquid collection area (106), and / or - at least one displacement recognition signal (138), which preferably can originate from at least one displacement recognition unit (146) and the displacement recognition signal can preferably be based on: - recognition of a displacement force acting on the liquid (152) that can be collected at at least one of the liquid level detection areas (122), and / or - recognition of the influence of the displacement force to control the fuel cell device, wherein the fuel cell device transitions from a higher power operating state to a lower power operating state or to an off state when - the at least one liquid level detection signal (136) indicates that the filling height threshold in the liquid collection area has been reached or exceeded, and / or - The at least one displacement recognition signal (138) indicates that a displacement force threshold of the displacement force is reached or exceeded, or indicates an influence of at least one of the displacement forces, the influence indicating that the displacement force threshold is reached or exceeded.

18. A control system, such as a control unit, which is configured and set to control an outlet valve according to the method of any one of claims 12 to 16 and / or to control a fuel cell device according to the method of claim 17.

19. The control system, such as a control unit, according to claim 18, characterized in that the control system, such as a control unit, comprises: - an interface for receiving at least one liquid level detection signal (136), - an interface for receiving at least one displacement recognition signal (138), and - an interface for sending a signal to the outlet valve and / or an interface for sending a signal for controlling an operating state of the fuel cell device.

20. A motor vehicle, comprising: - a sensor unit (118) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, - a fuel cell device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, and - a control system, such as a control unit, according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the sensor unit (118) is connected to the control system such that at least one liquid level detection signal (136) and / or at least one displacement recognition signal (138) can be received from the control system, and wherein the control system is connected to the outlet valve such that a signal sent by the control system can be transmitted to the outlet valve.

21. The motor vehicle according to claim 20, characterized in that the sensor unit (118) is the sensor unit (118) according to claim 3, wherein signals generated by an acceleration sensor and / or a tilt sensor, such as the displacement recognition signal (138), are not only considered for controlling the outlet valve.

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