Low-slope / high-steep-slope sponge soil ecological restoration method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of slope green ecological restoration method.One kind of low slow / high steep slope sponge soil ecological restoration method, including early treatment;Equipped with sponge soil forming agent;Preparation is sprayed and is sprayed to the slope to be repaired;Mixing spray and form porous structure ecological sponge soil and the process of seed layer after sponge soil forming, the soil forming agent includes a component by weight parts: 20-50;The a component is base reaction material, using organic polymer material;B component: foaming agent: 20-40 parts;Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts;Toughening agent: 10-50 parts;C component: pH regulator: 10-30 parts;Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts.The present application is for low slow slope and high steep slope, respectively using two kinds of mixed spray process, can according to the specific situation of slope and construction requirement, reasonable selection suitable reaction process, to realize efficient, high-quality sponge soil forming construction, so that spray substrate has water absorption, water retention, high adsorption, scouring prevention characteristics, effect is durable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for ecological restoration of slopes by revegetation, the purpose of which is to create conditions for vegetation growth through artificial soil spraying, thereby achieving efficient and economical slope restoration. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional methods of ecological revegetation and restoration of slopes lack sufficient resistance to rainwater erosion and struggle to maintain long-term effects. This is especially true for steep, high-altitude slopes, where traditional methods, particularly manual intervention, are difficult to implement, resulting in low success rates for rock surface repair. Other methods, such as netting and hydroseeding, are prohibitively expensive. Engineering measures, including grid structures, anchor bolts, cable reinforcement, and netting, are subject to limitations in construction conditions, high technical requirements, significant construction difficulty, and high costs. Furthermore, they are highly susceptible to natural factors, making it difficult to guarantee effectiveness. While comprehensive measures can improve slope stability and disaster resistance to some extent, they cannot completely eliminate the impact of natural factors. Extreme natural disasters such as torrential rains, strong winds, and earthquakes can damage the restored slope, leading to structural damage and plant death. To reduce construction costs and enhance restoration effectiveness, fundamental solutions are needed.

[0003] Currently, the concept of "near-natural ecological restoration" has provided a new approach for the ecological restoration of steep mountain surfaces. However, regardless of the method of restoration, it is necessary to address the issues of durability and stability from a technical perspective. This requires solving the problems of water absorption and retention of the sprayed substrate, ensuring its suitability for plant growth, and preventing erosion, while maintaining the retention of the sprayed slurry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a slope revegetation and ecological restoration method based on sponge soil.

[0005] A method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle slopes includes the following steps: 1) Preliminary treatment should be carried out on gentle slopes with a gradient of less than 60° that need to be repaired; 2) Equipped with a sponge soil molding agent; The soil conditioning agent, by weight, comprises: Component A: 20-50 parts; Component A is the basic reaction material, made of organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; Component c: The composition of component c is as follows: pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 3) Prepare the hydroseeding substrate and spray it onto the slope to be restored to form a porous ecological sponge soil: 3.1) Preparation of hydroseeding substrate material A: According to the weight ratio, take foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent and polymer material and add them into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. At the same time, take 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water and add them into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. Mix them thoroughly to form a uniform hydroseeding matrix material A. 3.2) Preparation of hydroseeding aqueous solution C: According to the weight ratio, add the pH adjuster and surfactant to the mixing equipment, add water and stir to mix thoroughly to prepare the spraying aqueous solution C; 3.3) Hybrid hydroseeding: Spray the hydroseeding matrix material A obtained in step 3.1) onto the slope to be repaired, allowing it to fully react and form a matrix layer; Then, the hydroseeding aqueous solution C prepared in step 3.2) is evenly sprayed onto the matrix layer formed on the slope. The organic polymer material reacts with the foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, pH adjuster and surfactant to form ecological sponge soil with a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure; the thickness of a single hydroseeding is 2-3 cm. Based on the engineering design requirements, the total thickness of the ecological sponge soil can be increased to 5-15 cm through multiple spraying processes following the above steps. 4) After the ecological sponge soil has taken shape, spray a seed layer: Repeat step 3). In step 3.1), during the preparation of the hydroseeding substrate material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungal and algal strains suitable for local and surrounding environment growth, and add more water than the amount of soil or soil substrate material (adjust the water ratio appropriately to make the mixed slurry a little thinner). At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber, mix thoroughly, and then spray it on the surface of the ecological sponge soil to form a 1-2 cm thick layer of plant seeds. 5) After molding, cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to provide shade and retain moisture; 6) Post-maintenance.

[0006] A method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on steep slopes includes the following steps: 1) Preliminary treatment should be carried out on slopes with a gradient exceeding 60°. 2) Equipped with a sponge soil molding agent; The soil conditioning agent, by weight, comprises: Component A: 20-50 parts; Component A is the basic reaction material, made of organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; Component c: The composition of component c is as follows: pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 3) Prepare the hydroseeding substrate and spray it onto the slope to be restored to form a porous ecological sponge soil: 3.1) Preparation of hydroseeding substrate material A: According to the weight ratio, add foaming agent, crosslinking agent and toughening agent into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. At the same time, add 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. Mix thoroughly to form a uniform hydroseeding matrix material A. 3.2) Preparation of aqueous dispersion B: Take 20-50 parts by weight of organic polymer material, add water and stir thoroughly to obtain aqueous dispersion B; 3.3) Preparation of hydroseeding aqueous solution C: According to the weight ratio, pH adjuster and surfactant are added to the mixing equipment, water is added and mixed to prepare spraying aqueous solution C; 3.4) Hybrid spraying: The hydroseeding substrate material A obtained in step 3.1) and the aqueous dispersion B obtained in step 3.2) are pumped to the nozzles using a hydroseeding pump and a high-pressure gear pump or screw pump (with adjustable flow rate). The two liquids are fully mixed at the nozzles and adhere to the slope after spraying. After the hydroseeding substrate material A and the aqueous dispersion B have fully reacted, the hydroseeding aqueous solution C prepared in step 3.3) is sprayed onto the substrate layer formed on the slope. After a full reaction, the surfactant dissolves into the hydroseeding substrate layer, producing a sponge-like hydrophobic, cross-linked, and foaming reaction to form an ecological sponge soil structure. The thickness of a single spraying is 3-5 cm. Based on the engineering design requirements, the total thickness can be achieved by spraying the above steps multiple times to reach 10-15 cm. 4) After the ecological sponge soil has taken shape, spray a seed layer: Repeat the process of step 3). In the process of preparing the spraying substrate material A in step 3.1), select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungal and algal strains suitable for local and surrounding environment growth, and add more water than the amount of soil or soil substrate material (adjust the water ratio appropriately to make the mixed slurry a little thinner). At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber, mix thoroughly, and then spray on the surface of ecological sponge soil to form a plant seed layer with a thickness of 1-2 cm. 5) After molding, cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to provide shade and retain moisture; 6) Post-maintenance.

[0007] This invention discloses an ecological restoration method for sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes. The basic reaction materials used are sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, or anionic polyacrylamide. The foaming agent used is calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate; the crosslinking agent used is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or ferric chloride; and the toughening agent used is water-based chloroprene latex. The pH adjuster used is a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, a dilute acetic acid solution, or a dilute phosphoric acid solution, with the amount adjusted according to the required solidification time of the sponge soil. The surfactant used is a small-molecule surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, or a large-molecule surfactant, polyethylene glycol.

[0008] In the method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes, step 3.1) involves adding 1-40 parts by weight of plant fiber to increase soil viscosity when preparing hydroseeding water dispersion A.

[0009] In the method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on low / slow / high slopes, step 3.1) involves preparing the soil matrix material A for spraying, which comprises the following components by volume percentage: 14-16% wood fiber, 14-16% decomposed corn cob, 9-11% decomposed sheep manure, with the remainder being imported soil.

[0010] The aforementioned method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes involves adding a water-retaining agent and a binder to the soil matrix material: the water-retaining agent is used at a dosage of 140-160 g / m³. 3 The amount of adhesive used is 140-160 g / m³. 3 .

[0011] The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes uses wood fibers with a fiber length of 2-3 cm; the decomposed corn cobs are made from corn cobs with a particle size of 2-5 mm through composting fermentation; the moisture content of the compost is 40-65%, the inoculation ratio of microorganisms is 0.08-0.12% by mass, and the composting time is 21-42 days.

[0012] The imported soil contains 65-70% silt, 27.5-32.5% sand, and <2.5% clay.

[0013] The two reaction processes of this invention each have their own characteristics. In actual construction, the appropriate reaction process can be reasonably selected according to the specific conditions of the slope (such as slope, height, etc.) and construction requirements to achieve efficient and high-quality sponge soil molding construction.

[0014] The mixing process involves adding the sponge soil forming agent, soil, and water to the mixing equipment in a predetermined ratio and mixing thoroughly to ensure uniform mixing. The aim is to create ecological sponge soil with good water retention and air permeability. The hydroseeding parameters include adjusting the hydroseeding pressure and speed of the hydroseeding machine based on factors such as the slope and area of ​​the slope. These parameters can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation and restoration requirements.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the invention: 1. This invention provides a method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle slopes. It is suitable for the molding and construction of sponge soil on gentle slopes. Such slopes have lower requirements for the conveying height and distance of the hydroseeding machine, allowing this process to better leverage its advantages of fast construction speed and low cost. All materials are mixed in the tank at once, making the operation relatively simple and direct, and the construction process relatively compact. For some gentle slope construction scenarios, the construction speed may be faster, and the construction cost relatively lower. This is because the conveying difficulty of the hydroseeding machine is relatively small on gentle slopes, eliminating the need for long-distance transport.

[0016] 2. This invention provides a method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on steep slopes, suitable for the molding and construction of sponge soil on such slopes. It meets the need for long-distance material transportation on these slopes, effectively solving the problem of material transportation during construction. The slurry inside the tank facilitates long-distance transportation, adapting to construction scenarios requiring long-distance material transport, such as steep slopes. Through instantaneous mixing and reaction at the nozzle, the material maintains a suitable viscosity when sprayed onto the slope, ensuring the formation of a sponge soil layer of a certain thickness.

[0017] 3. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method for low / slow slopes using sponge soil. By utilizing sponge soil molding technology, the mixed slurry is widely and evenly sprayed onto the treated low or steep slopes, forming sponge soil that can both absorb and retain water and repel water and resist erosion. This solves the problems of water retention and erosion prevention of the hydroseeding substrate, and is also suitable for plant growth.

[0018] 4. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method for low / slow slopes using sponge soil. This method utilizes a sponge soil molding agent to prepare sponge soil, forming a porous sponge soil matrix with good water absorption and retention, and strong adhesion. Adding grass seeds to the hydroseeding material allows the grass seeds to grow using the conditions provided by the sponge matrix, effectively achieving slope revegetation and restoration. The sponge soil adheres firmly to the slope surface, resulting in a long-lasting effect. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, it can reduce the need for pre-treatment measures in traditional restoration methods, lowering the difficulty and requirements of construction.

[0019] 5. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method for sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes. The sponge soil preparation reaction process in the two restoration methods has its own characteristics. In actual construction, the appropriate reaction process can be reasonably selected according to the specific conditions of the slope (such as slope, height, etc.) and construction requirements to achieve efficient and high-quality sponge soil molding construction. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical concept and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solution of this invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for explaining and illustrating this invention, and should not be considered as, nor constitute a limitation on, the scope of patent protection claimed by this invention.

[0021] Example 1 This embodiment describes an ecological restoration method for sponge soil on gentle slopes, including the following steps: 1) Preliminary treatment should be carried out on gentle slopes with a gradient of less than 60° that need to be repaired; 2) Equipped with a sponge soil molding agent; The soil conditioning agent, by weight, comprises: Component A: 20-50 parts; Component A is the basic reaction material, made of organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; Component c: The composition of component c is as follows: pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 3) Prepare the hydroseeding substrate and spray it onto the slope to be restored to form a porous ecological sponge soil: 3.1) Preparation of hydroseeding substrate material A: According to the weight ratio, take foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent and polymer material and add them into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. At the same time, take 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water and add them into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. Mix them thoroughly to form a uniform hydroseeding matrix material A. 3.2) Preparation of hydroseeding aqueous solution C: According to the weight ratio, add the pH adjuster and surfactant to the mixing equipment, add water and stir to mix thoroughly to prepare the spraying aqueous solution C; 3.3) Hybrid hydroseeding: Spray the hydroseeding matrix material A obtained in step 3.1) onto the slope to be repaired, allowing it to fully react and form a matrix layer; Then, the hydroseeding aqueous solution C prepared in step 3.2) is evenly sprayed onto the matrix layer formed on the slope. The organic polymer material reacts with the foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, pH adjuster and surfactant to form ecological sponge soil with a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure; the thickness of a single hydroseeding is 2-3 cm. Based on the engineering design requirements, the total thickness of the ecological sponge soil can be increased to 5-15 cm through multiple spraying processes following the above steps. 4) After the ecological sponge soil has taken shape, spray a seed layer: Repeat step 3). In step 3.1), during the preparation of the hydroseeding substrate material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungal and algal strains suitable for local and surrounding environment growth, and add more water than the amount of soil or soil substrate material (adjust the water ratio appropriately to make the mixed slurry a little thinner). At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber, mix thoroughly, and then spray it on the surface of the ecological sponge soil to form a 1-2 cm thick layer of plant seeds. 5) After molding, cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to provide shade and retain moisture; 6) Post-maintenance.

[0022] Organic polymer materials are used as the basic reaction materials, such as sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, or anionic polyacrylamide; foaming agents can be calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate; crosslinking agents can be calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or ferric chloride; and toughening agents are water-based chloroprene latex. pH adjusters are dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute acetic acid solution, or dilute phosphoric acid solution, and the amount added is adjusted according to the required solidification time of the sponge soil.

[0023] In step 1), the initial treatment of the slope front for low and gentle slope repair mainly includes the following aspects: Slope preparation: Before construction, the slope needs to be prepared by removing debris such as dead branches and leaves, construction waste, loose stones and loose rocks to ensure a smooth slope and eliminate the risk of rockfall. For relatively smooth downslopes, transverse grooves can be cut into the slope to appropriately increase roughness; for localized upslopes, vegetation bags or soil bags can be used for backfilling to smooth the slope.

[0024] Slope stability assessment: Through on-site investigation and mapping, the distribution, scale, susceptibility to geological hazards, main inducing factors, stability and development trends, and hazard characteristics of the slope are determined. Based on the assessment results, corresponding engineering measures are adopted to reinforce the slope, such as removing loose and unstable rock masses and potentially unstable blocks from the slope surface, slope cutting on steep slopes, and systematic anchoring.

[0025] Water interception and drainage facilities should be installed: Surface water or groundwater can flow into the interior of the rock mass along cracks, potentially softening and eroding the internal structure, ultimately leading to geological disasters such as landslides and soil erosion. Therefore, water interception and drainage facilities need to be scientifically arranged according to the actual conditions of the slope to promptly drain surface water and groundwater.

[0026] Soil condition survey: The soil type, fertility, moisture content, and pH of the slope are investigated to determine suitable vegetation planting methods and soil improvement measures. If the soil is infertile, the addition of organic fertilizers, water-retaining agents, and soil conditioners can be considered to improve soil fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0027] An invention provides an ecological restoration method for sponge soil on gentle slopes, including preliminary treatment of the damaged or slope surface, which includes: cleaning the slope surface to be restored and removing debris and loose stones; for relatively stable but uneven slopes, a slope climbing machine can be used to create suitable pits on the slope surface as needed to facilitate the retention of sponge soil.

[0028] During the specific construction process, the appropriate mixing ratio of sponge soil forming agent, soil, and water is determined based on the specific conditions of the slope and the repair requirements. The sponge soil forming agent, soil, and water are added to the mixing equipment according to the determined ratio and thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform material mixing. This process is then used to spray and form ecological sponge soil with good water retention and air permeability.

[0029] This invention provides a method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle slopes. Compared to traditional slope restoration methods, this method involves mixing all matrix materials (pH adjuster and active additives are then sprayed onto the hydroseeding matrix material A before being sprayed onto the slope to be restored, where a matrix layer is formed after sufficient reaction) in a single process within a tank. This makes the operation relatively simple and direct, with a more compact construction process. For some gentle slope scenarios, this method can result in faster construction speeds and lower costs. Because the hydroseeding machine is less difficult to transport on gentle slopes, long-distance transport is not required. This method is particularly suitable for the formation of sponge soil on gentle slopes, where the requirements for the hydroseeding machine's transport height and distance are lower, allowing the advantages of fast construction speed and low cost to be better utilized.

[0030] Example 2 This embodiment describes a method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on steep slopes, which includes the following steps: 1) Preliminary treatment should be carried out on slopes with a gradient exceeding 60°. 2) Equipped with a sponge soil molding agent; The soil conditioning agent, by weight, comprises: Component A: 20-50 parts; Component A is the basic reaction material, made of organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; Component c: The composition of component c is as follows: pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 3) Prepare the hydroseeding substrate and spray it onto the slope to be restored to form a porous ecological sponge soil: 3.1) Preparation of hydroseeding substrate material A: According to the weight ratio, add foaming agent, crosslinking agent and toughening agent into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. At the same time, add 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. Mix thoroughly to form a uniform hydroseeding matrix material A. 3.2) Preparation of aqueous dispersion B: Take 20-50 parts by weight of organic polymer material, add water and stir thoroughly to obtain aqueous dispersion B; 3.3) Preparation of hydroseeding aqueous solution C: According to the weight ratio, pH adjuster and surfactant are added to the mixing equipment, water is added and mixed to prepare spraying aqueous solution C; 3.4) Hybrid spraying: The hydroseeding substrate material A obtained in step 3.1) and the aqueous dispersion B obtained in step 3.2) are pumped to the nozzles using a hydroseeding pump and a high-pressure gear pump or screw pump (with adjustable flow rate). The two liquids are fully mixed at the nozzles and adhere to the slope after spraying. After the hydroseeding substrate material A and the aqueous dispersion B have fully reacted, the hydroseeding aqueous solution C prepared in step 3.3) is sprayed onto the substrate layer formed on the slope. After a full reaction, the surfactant dissolves into the hydroseeding substrate layer, producing a sponge-like hydrophobic, cross-linked, and foaming reaction to form an ecological sponge soil structure. The thickness of a single spraying is 3-5 cm. Based on the engineering design requirements, the total thickness can be achieved by spraying the above steps multiple times to reach 10-15 cm. 4) After the ecological sponge soil has taken shape, spray a seed layer: Repeat the process of step 3). In the process of preparing the spraying substrate material A in step 3.1), select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungal and algal strains suitable for local and surrounding environment growth, and add more water than the amount of soil or soil substrate material (adjust the water ratio appropriately to make the mixed slurry a little thinner). At the same time, add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber, mix thoroughly, and then spray on the surface of ecological sponge soil to form a plant seed layer with a thickness of 1-2 cm. 5) After molding, cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to provide shade and retain moisture; 6) Post-maintenance.

[0031] In step 1), the initial treatment of steep slope wounds or slope front mainly includes the following aspects: I. Treatment of unstable rock masses and loose rock blocks 1. Removal of unstable rock masses Manual removal: For unstable rock masses that are low in height and small in size, manual chiseling or small mechanical crushing and removal shall be used; Blasting Removal: For large, strategically located unstable rock masses, controlled blasting techniques (such as micro-delay blasting and static fracturing agents) are used to minimize disturbance to the surrounding rock mass and environment. After removal, the slope surface must be cleaned to ensure there are no loose rocks or boulders.

[0032] 2. Anchoring and Support Anchor bolt (cable) reinforcement: For locally unstable rock masses, anchor bolts (cables) are used for fixation. The unstable rock mass is connected to the stable rock mass through the adhesion or friction between the anchor bolt and the rock mass. The length of the anchor bolt must pass through the sliding surface, and the length of the anchoring section shall not be less than the design requirement.

[0033] Concrete grid / masonry retaining wall: Concrete grid beams or masonry retaining walls are set on the slope to form a skeleton structure, enhance the overall integrity of the slope, and provide a foundation for subsequent vegetation restoration.

[0034] II. Slope Shaping and Drainage System Construction 1. Slope shaping For excessively steep slopes (such as slopes > 60°), mechanical slope trimming is used to reduce the slope angle (usually controlled between 45° and 60°) to reduce the slope's self-weight load and decrease the sliding force. Concrete or masonry is used to fill depressions, cracks, and cavities on the slope surface to ensure a smooth slope and prevent rainwater accumulation from exacerbating erosion.

[0035] 2. Drainage system design Surface drainage and intercepting ditches: Intercepting ditches are installed 5-10 meters from the outer edge of the top of the slope to intercept surface runoff and prevent rainwater from eroding the top of the slope. Flow channels and drainage ditches: Drainage ditches are installed at the platform and toe of the slope, and rainwater is directed into natural water systems or collection wells via flow channels.

[0036] Underground drainage: For slopes rich in groundwater, use inclined drainage holes (75~100mm in diameter, 2~4 meters apart), blind ditches or drainage galleries to lower the groundwater level and reduce the softening effect of water on the rock mass.

[0037] III. Pretreatment of Ecological Restoration Conditions 1. Netting and anchor fixing Metal mesh (galvanized iron wire mesh / steel mesh): For rock slopes, the metal mesh is fixed to the slope surface with anchors (1-2 meters apart). The mesh size is 50-100mm, and the distance between the mesh surface and the slope surface is 3-5cm, providing an attachment base for the spraying substrate.

[0038] Ecological fiber mesh / polymer material mesh: used on soil or weathered rock slopes, it has the functions of stabilizing slopes and conserving water, and promotes the growth of vegetation roots.

[0039] 2. Preparation of topsoil and substrate Backfilling with topsoil: For rocky slopes lacking planting soil, artificial backfilling or spraying of topsoil (a mixture of loess, humus, organic fertilizer, etc.) is carried out, with the thickness determined according to the needs of plant growth (generally 30-50cm).

[0040] Substrate ratio optimization: When using spray-mixed vegetation technology, the substrate needs to include aggregates (such as weathered sand and gravel), cement, water-retaining agents, microbial agents, plant seeds, etc. The optimal ratio is determined through experiments to ensure a balance between the early strength of the substrate and the later growth needs of plants.

[0041] This invention presents a method for ecological restoration of high and steep slopes using sponge soil. It is applicable to the construction of sponge soil molding on high and steep slopes, meeting the need for long-distance material transportation on such slopes and effectively solving the problem of material transportation in high and steep slope construction. The advantages of this process are: the slurry in the tank is easy to transport over long distances, adapting to construction scenarios requiring long-distance material transportation, such as high and steep slopes; the instantaneous mixing reaction at the spray nozzle ensures the material has a suitable viscosity when sprayed onto the slope surface, ensuring the formation of a sponge soil layer of a certain thickness; due to the high adsorption and adhesion properties of sponge soil, all or part of the engineering measures such as grid structures, anchor bolts, anchor cables, and wire mesh spraying can be reduced depending on the actual construction environment without affecting the restoration effect. This greatly reduces the technical requirements and difficulty of construction, lowers construction costs and conditions, and is economical, efficient, and provides long-lasting results.

[0042] Similar to Example 1, the organic polymer material used is sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, or anionic polyacrylamide; the foaming agent can be calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate; the crosslinking agent is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or ferric chloride; and the toughening agent is water-based chloroprene latex. The pH adjuster uses dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute acetic acid solution, or dilute phosphoric acid solution; the amount added is adjusted according to the required solidification time of the sponge soil.

[0043] The two processes described above in this invention each have their own characteristics. In actual construction, the appropriate reaction process can be reasonably selected according to the specific conditions of the slope (such as slope, height, etc.) and construction requirements to achieve efficient and high-quality sponge soil molding construction.

[0044] In the preparation of sponge soil, sponge soil forming agent, soil, and water are added to a mixing device in a predetermined ratio and thoroughly mixed to ensure uniform material mixing. The aim is to form ecological sponge soil with good water retention and air permeability. The hydroseeding parameters (including adjusting the hydroseeding pressure and speed based on factors such as slope and area) can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation and restoration requirements.

[0045] In the ecological restoration method for sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes described in this invention, in step 3.1), when preparing the hydroseeding water dispersion a, 1-40 parts by weight of plant fiber can be added to increase soil viscosity.

[0046] In step 3.1), the preparation of the hydroseeding substrate material uses a soil substrate material to improve the soil. This soil substrate material consists of the following components by volume percentage: 14-16% wood fiber, 14-16% decomposed corn cobs, 9-11% decomposed sheep manure, with the remainder being topsoil. A water-retaining agent and a binder are added to the soil substrate material: the water-retaining agent is used at a dosage of 140-160 g / m³. 3 The amount of adhesive used is 140-160 g / m³. 3 The wood fiber used has a fiber length of 2-3cm; the decomposed corn cob is made from corn cob with a particle size of 2-5mm through composting fermentation; the moisture content of the compost is 40-65%, the inoculation ratio of microorganisms is 0.08-0.12% by mass, and the composting time is 21-42 days.

[0047] The imported soil contains 65-70% silt, 27.5-32.5% sand, and <2.5% clay.

[0048] Soil substrate materials can also be prepared by mixing planting soil with well-rotted manure. This is formulated to meet the growth and development needs of seedlings. It contains a variety of mineral nutrients, is loose and well-aerated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and is free from pests and diseases.

[0049] Fermented nutrient materials are mixed with crushed and sieved dry cow manure in a 3:1 ratio. The pH value of the prepared nutrient substrate should be measured before the hydroseeding operation. The pH value of the nutrient substrate should be adjusted in a targeted manner according to the acidity and alkalinity of the local planting soil used for hydroseeding, so that the hydroseeding substrate is more conducive to the growth of plant communities.

[0050] Specific procedures for the fermentation of nutrient material layers: ① Material ratio. Add 1 kg of organic fertilizer fermentation agent to 1.5 tons of dry cow dung (about 2.5 tons of fresh dung). Mix 40% crushed peanut shells, 48% corn cobs, 4%–5% cottonseed cake powder, 1% superphosphate, 1%–2% wood ash, 0.3%–0.5% urea, and 2%–3% lime (or sawdust, rice husks, etc. as substitutes) at a ratio of 1:3 between cow dung and the mixed materials. ② Material pile construction. The pile should not be too small or too short, as this will affect fermentation. The ideal pile size is 1.5-2m high, 2m wide, and 2-4m long or more. ③ Temperature requirements. The starting temperature should be above 15℃; ④ Moisture requirements. The moisture content of the fermentation material should be controlled at around 65%; ⑤ Turning and aerating. During the fermentation process, pay attention to proper oxygen supply and turning the pile (turn it several times when the temperature rises to 75℃ or above). Control the temperature rise to around 65℃, as too high a temperature will affect the nutrients. ⑥ Fermentation complete. Fermentation is generally completed within 15 days. The material turns dark brown and the temperature begins to drop to room temperature, indicating that fermentation is complete. If there is too much sawdust, wood chips, or rice husks as auxiliary materials, the fermentation time should be extended. After full decomposition and fermentation, the material should be dried before use.

[0051] In summary, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for low / slow slopes using sponge soil. By employing sponge soil molding technology, sponge soil that can both absorb and retain water and repel water and resist erosion can be formed. The mixed slurry is then widely and evenly sprayed onto the treated steep slope. After the slurry solidifies, a microenvironment suitable for plant growth is formed.

[0052] Afterwards, normal maintenance and management are carried out. Post-sowing maintenance includes: Water management: After hydroseeding, water in a timely manner according to weather conditions and soil moisture on the slope to keep the soil moist and provide suitable water conditions for the germination of grass seeds and other vegetation seeds; Vegetation monitoring: Regularly observe the growth of vegetation and reseed or take other remedial measures for areas with poor growth or missing vegetation; Slope protection: In the early stage of vegetation growth, necessary protective measures can be taken to prevent the slope from being damaged by rainwater erosion and other damage.

[0053] The applicant also filed a patent application for a near-natural ecological restoration technology for gush-flow retention. The differences between the sponge soil ecological restoration technology of this invention and the near-natural ecological restoration technology for gush-flow retention are as follows: Application scenarios: Sponge soil remediation technology is suitable for various slopes such as low slopes and steep slopes, and requires netting assistance for comprehensive coverage and remediation; the near-natural ecological remediation technology for spur flow is designed for steep and sparsely populated areas, emphasizing the concept of near-natural remediation. It improves the conditions of smooth slopes by using slope climbing machines to create pits and slope leveling as pretreatment, thus creating a foundation for subsequent remediation.

[0054] Construction process: The sponge soil remediation technology uses direct spraying to cover the entire slope; the sprayed material of the general spraying technology is fluid and needs to flow naturally to potholes, rock crevices and other areas to achieve localized and precise repair.

[0055] Solidification characteristics: The materials of the sponge soil remediation technology react immediately after spraying and can quickly form a bond on smooth or high slopes to build a sponge soil structure; the materials of the generalized spraying fluid technology have a relatively long solidification time and need to go through a flow positioning process before solidification is completed.

[0056] Cost and effect: The spraying fluid technology has a lower construction cost, does not pursue a high percentage of slope greening coverage, and focuses more on presenting a natural effect, allowing rocks to be exposed and the slope to present a natural staggered state; while the sponge soil remediation technology pursues comprehensive coverage and remediation, and the corresponding construction cost is relatively higher.

[0057] This invention is an upgraded solution to traditional remediation technologies, utilizing porous sponge soil technology rich in nutrient matrix and possessing high adsorption, high water absorption, and water retention properties to achieve the remediation of gentle or steep slopes. Therefore, this invention primarily emphasizes sponge soil technology.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Preliminary treatment should be carried out on gentle slopes with a gradient of less than 60° that need to be repaired; 2) Equipped with a sponge soil molding agent; The sponge soil forming agent, by weight, comprises: Component A: 20-50 parts; Component A is the basic reaction material, made of organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; Component c: The composition of component c is as follows: pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 3) Prepare the hydroseeding substrate and spray it onto the slope to be restored to form a porous ecological sponge soil: 3.1) Preparation of hydroseeding substrate material A: According to the weight ratio, take foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent and polymer material and add them into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. At the same time, take 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water and add them into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. Mix them thoroughly to form a uniform hydroseeding matrix material A. 3.2) Preparation of hydroseeding aqueous solution C: According to the weight ratio, add the pH adjuster and surfactant to the mixing equipment, add water and stir to mix thoroughly to prepare the spraying aqueous solution C; 3.3) Hybrid hydroseeding: Spray the hydroseeding matrix material A obtained in step 3.1) onto the slope to be repaired, so that it can fully react on the slope to form a matrix layer; Then, the hydroseeding aqueous solution C prepared in step 3.2) is evenly sprayed onto the matrix layer formed on the slope. The organic polymer material reacts with the foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, pH adjuster and surfactant to form ecological sponge soil with a "sponge-like" three-dimensional network porous structure; the thickness of a single hydroseeding is 2-3 cm. Based on the engineering design requirements, the total thickness of the ecological sponge soil can be increased to 5-15 cm through multiple spraying processes following the above steps. 4) After the ecological sponge soil has taken shape, spray a seed layer: Repeat step 3). In step 3.1), during the preparation of the spraying substrate material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungal and algal strains suitable for local and surrounding environment growth, add water greater than the amount of soil or soil substrate material, and add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber. After thorough mixing, spray the mixture onto the surface of the ecological sponge soil to form a 1-2 cm thick layer of plant seeds. 5) After molding, cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to provide shade and retain moisture; 6) Post-maintenance.

2. A method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on steep slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Preliminary treatment should be carried out on slopes with a gradient exceeding 60°; 2) Equipped with a sponge soil molding agent; The sponge soil forming agent, by weight, comprises: Component A: 20-50 parts; Component A is the basic reaction material, made of organic polymer materials; Component b: The composition of component b is as follows: Foaming agent: 20-40 parts; Crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; Toughening agent: 10-50 parts; Component c: The composition of component c is as follows: pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; 3) Prepare the hydroseeding substrate and spray it onto the slope to be restored to form a porous ecological sponge soil: 3.1) Preparation of hydroseeding substrate material A: According to the weight ratio, add foaming agent, crosslinking agent and toughening agent into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. At the same time, add 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water into the mixing tank of the hydroseeding machine. Mix thoroughly to form a uniform hydroseeding matrix material A. 3.2) Preparation of aqueous dispersion B: Take 20-50 parts by weight of organic polymer material, add water and stir thoroughly to obtain aqueous dispersion B; 3.3) Preparation of hydroseeding aqueous solution C: According to the weight ratio, pH adjuster and surfactant materials are added to the mixing equipment, water is added and mixed to prepare spraying aqueous solution C; 3.4) Hybrid spraying: The hydroseeding substrate material A obtained in step 3.1) and the aqueous dispersion B obtained in step 3.2) are pumped to the nozzles using a hydroseeding pump and a high-pressure gear pump or screw pump, respectively. The two liquids are fully mixed at the nozzles and adhere to the slope after spraying. After the hydroseeding substrate material A and the aqueous dispersion B have fully reacted, the hydroseeding aqueous solution C prepared in step 3.3) is sprayed onto the substrate layer formed on the slope. After a full reaction, the surfactant dissolves into the hydroseeding substrate layer, producing a sponge-like hydrophobic, cross-linked, and foaming reaction to form an ecological sponge soil structure; the thickness of a single spraying is 3-5 cm. Based on the engineering design requirements, the total thickness can be achieved by spraying the above steps multiple times to reach 10-15 cm. 4) After the ecological sponge soil has taken shape, spray a seed layer: Repeat step 3). In step 3.1), during the preparation of the spraying substrate material A, select grass, shrub, and tree seeds and lower fungal and algal strains suitable for local and surrounding environment growth, add water greater than the amount of soil or soil substrate material, and add 1-20 parts by weight of plant fiber. After thorough mixing, spray the mixture onto the surface of the ecological sponge soil to form a 1-2 cm thick layer of plant seeds. 5) After molding, cover with non-woven fabric or shade netting to provide shade and retain moisture; 6) Post-maintenance.

3. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The basic reaction materials used are sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, or anionic polyacrylamide.

4. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The foaming agent used is calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate; the crosslinking agent used is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, or ferric chloride; and the toughening agent used is water-based chloroprene latex.

5. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: pH adjusters are prepared using dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute acetic acid, or dilute phosphoric acid solutions. The amount of pH adjuster added is adjusted according to the required solidification time of the sponge soil. Surfactants are prepared using small molecule surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfonate or large molecule surfactants such as polyethylene glycol.

6. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that: In step 3.1), when preparing hydroseeding water dispersion A, 1-40 parts by weight of plant fiber are added to increase soil viscosity.

7. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that: In step 3.1), the soil substrate material used to prepare the hydroseeding substrate material A includes the following components by volume percentage: 14-16% wood fiber, 14-16% decomposed corn cob, 9-11% decomposed sheep manure, and the remainder is imported soil.

8. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: A water-retaining agent and a binder are added to the soil matrix material: the amount of water-retaining agent is 140-160 g / m³. 3 The amount of adhesive used is 140-160 g / m³. 3 .

9. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wood fiber used has a fiber length of 2-3cm; the decomposed corn cob is made by composting corn cobs with a particle size of 2-5mm; the moisture content of the compost is 40-65%, the inoculation ratio of microorganisms is 0.08-0.12% by mass, and the composting time is 21-42 days.

10. The method for ecological restoration of sponge soil on gentle / steep slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The imported soil contains 65-70% silt, 27.5-32.5% sand, and <2.5% clay.