Precise rice air-suction type seed metering device, seed metering method and rice cultivation equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a rice cultivation technology, in particular to a rice precision air suction type seed sowing device, a seed sowing method and rice cultivation equipment. A rice precision air suction type seed-metering device comprises a seed-metering device shell, a seed-metering disc, a seed supply mechanism and a seed-metering shaft mechanism, and the seed-metering shaft mechanism drives the seed-metering disc to rotate in the seed-metering device shell; the seed-metering device shell comprises a seed chamber shell and an air chamber shell, a seed space is defined by the seed chamber shell and the front side of the seed-metering disc, and an air chamber space is defined by the air chamber shell and the rear side of the seed-metering disc; seed suction holes which form a circle are formed in the seed metering disc; the seed metering device further comprises a seed unloading brush and an anti-blocking brush; grooves are respectively formed in front of and behind the seed suction holes; in the seed unloading area, a seed unloading brush arranged in the seed space and an anti-blocking brush arranged in the air chamber space are arranged in a front-back opposite mode, and seeds clamped in the seed suction holes are brushed off. The seed suction hole is effectively prevented from being blocked, and the seed suction success rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the cultivation technology of rice, specifically to a precise pneumatic seed metering device for rice, and also to a precise pneumatic seed metering method for rice, and further to a rice cultivation device. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the important food crops in China, widely planted in southern provinces and becoming an indispensable part of people's daily life. Hybrid rice has been widely promoted in southern provinces of China due to its significant advantages of strong tillering ability and high yield. The stable supply of hybrid rice plays a crucial role in ensuring food security.

[0003] The mechanization of rice planting in China mainly focuses on mechanized direct seeding and mechanized transplanting. Compared with mechanical transplanting, direct seeding has advantages such as low production cost, fewer operation processes, and labor saving, which can significantly reduce production costs and has become one of the key directions for agricultural technology promotion in recent years. The seed metering device is the core component of a rice direct seeder, and its operating performance ultimately affects the operating quality of the hill-drop planter. The pneumatic seed metering device can meet the precise seeding requirements of hybrid rice due to its advantages such as simple structure, high operating efficiency, and low damage to seeds.

[0004] However, there are still some technical problems with the existing pneumatic seed metering devices. On the one hand, the seed suction holes of the existing seed metering devices are prone to blockage, resulting in unstable seed suction and thus affecting the seeding accuracy. On the other hand, there is a lack of effective isolation design between the seed metering disc and the seed chamber housing, resulting in seeds being easily thrown out or stuck in the gaps when rotating and adsorbing on the seed metering disc, which is likely to cause seed damage. In addition, the seed filling rate of the pneumatic seed metering device is relatively low, and the seeds are easily affected by air flow fluctuations during the seed suction process, leading to uneven seed adsorption.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the seed suction stability of the seed metering device and avoid the blockage of suction holes has become an urgent technical problem to be solved for the current precise pneumatic seed metering device for rice. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a precise pneumatic seed metering device and method for rice to avoid the blockage of seed suction holes.

[0007] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a rice cultivation device.

[0008] To achieve the above purposes, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device, comprising a seed metering device housing, a seed metering disc, a seed supply mechanism, and a seed metering shaft mechanism. The seed metering shaft mechanism drives the seed metering disc to rotate within the seed metering device housing; the seed metering device housing includes a seed chamber housing and an air chamber housing. The front side of the seed chamber housing and the seed metering disc enclose a seed space, and the rear side of the air chamber housing and the seed metering disc enclose an air chamber space; the seed metering disc is provided with a circle of seed suction holes; on one side within the seed space is a seed filling area, and on the other side is a seed discharging area. The air chamber space is divided into a positive pressure air chamber and a negative pressure air chamber. The negative pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area, and the positive pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed discharging area; the seed metering device further includes a seed discharging brush and an anti-blocking brush; grooves are respectively arranged in front of and behind the seed suction holes; within the seed discharging area, the seed discharging brush arranged within the seed space and the anti-blocking brush arranged within the air chamber space are arranged front and back opposite to each other to brush off the seeds stuck at the seed suction holes.

[0009] As a preference, the seed metering disc is provided with two circles of seed suction holes, and the inner and outer circles of seed suction holes are in one-to-one correspondence; the groove in front of the seed suction hole is an oval groove, and each seed suction hole corresponds to one oval groove; the groove behind the seed suction hole is a rectangular groove, and one rectangular groove covers two seed suction holes corresponding to the inner and outer circles; the anti-blocking brush covers a single rectangular groove.

[0010] As a preference, the anti-blocking brush is installed within the air chamber housing through a pressure mechanism; the pressure mechanism includes a base, a rotating shaft, a spring, a support rod, and a roller shaft core; the base is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber housing, one end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the base through the rotating shaft, the other end of the support rod is provided with a rotatable roller shaft core, the anti-blocking brush is cylindrical and sleeved outside the roller shaft core; a spring for pressing the anti-blocking brush tightly against the surface of the seed metering disc is arranged between the middle of the support rod and the base.

[0011] As a preference, a seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is arranged between circumferentially adjacent seed suction holes; the seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is an isosceles trapezoidal protrusion with a smaller inner side and a larger outer side; a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal protrusions are arranged in a circle and evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0012] As a preference, a rice precise air-suction type seed metering device further includes a C-shaped isolation ring; an installation groove is arranged at the rear side of the seed chamber housing, and the isolation ring is fixed in the installation groove; a circular groove is arranged at the front side of the seed metering disc, and the isolation ring is embedded in the circular groove and slides relative to the circular groove; the opening of the isolation ring corresponds to the seed discharging area.

[0013] As a preference, an inner arc-shaped plate is arranged within the air chamber housing. The inner arc-shaped plate is a C-shaped ring structure, which divides the air chamber space into a negative pressure air chamber and a positive pressure air chamber. The inner side of the C-shaped ring structure is the negative pressure air chamber, and the outer side is the positive pressure air chamber. The positive pressure air chamber corresponds to the seed discharging area; a circle of installation grooves is arranged at the outer edge of the C-shaped ring structure, and a sealing rubber ring for ensuring the airtightness of the negative pressure air chamber is embedded in the installation groove.

[0014] As a preference, the seed metering shaft mechanism includes a transmission shaft, a sprocket, a fixing ring, a bearing, a flat key, a hexagon flange nut and a backing plate; the transmission shaft includes a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a third shaft section and a fourth shaft section arranged in sequence from the rear to the front, the shaft diameters of the first shaft section to the third shaft section increase in sequence, and the shaft diameter of the fourth shaft section is smaller than that of the third shaft section; the fixing ring fixes the bearing on the second shaft section, and the bearing cooperates with the air chamber housing; the sprocket is fixed on the first shaft section through a flat key; the backing plate is sleeved on the fourth shaft section and abuts against the front end of the third shaft section, the seed metering disc is sleeved on the fourth shaft section, external threads are provided at the front end of the fourth shaft section, and the hexagon flange nut is screwed into the external threads to press the seed metering disc and the backing plate tightly; the seed metering disc and the backing plate are locked through a positioning pin.

[0015] As a preference, the seed chamber housing is provided with a seed inlet and a seed outlet, the seed inlet is connected to the seed supply mechanism and is arranged corresponding to the filling area, and the seed outlet is arranged below the seed discharging area; the seed chamber housing and the air chamber housing are connected through set screws.

[0016] A precise air-suction type rice seed metering method uses a precise air-suction type rice seed metering device. After rice seeds enter the filling area in the seed space from the seed supply mechanism, under the action of the negative pressure air chamber in the air chamber space, the seeds are adsorbed on the seed suction holes and rotate with the seed metering disc. After the seeds reach the seed discharging area, they fall under the action of the positive pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and are discharged from the seed outlet. The seeds stuck on the seed suction holes and unable to fall are brushed off through the combined action of the seed discharging brush and the anti-blocking brush and are discharged from the seed outlet.

[0017] A rice cultivation device is equipped with a precise air-suction type rice seed metering device.

[0018] The principle of the present invention is: An anti-blocking brush is added, and through the linkage of the seed discharging brush and the anti-blocking brush, the seeds stuck in the seed suction holes and unable to fall normally are swept down to avoid the blockage of the seed suction holes.

[0019] Optimal designs are carried out on the structure of the seed metering disc, the connection structure between the seed metering disc and the seed chamber housing, the sealing structure of the negative pressure air chamber, the quick assembly and disassembly structure of the seed metering shaft mechanism, and the quick assembly and disassembly structure of the whole seed metering device.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. Effectively avoid the blockage of the seed suction holes.

[0021] When the seeds are adsorbed by the seed suction holes at certain angles, for example, when the tip positions of the seeds are adsorbed, the seeds will be clamped tightly in the seed suction holes and are difficult to be brushed off, and they cannot be brushed off only by the front seed discharging brush. The bristles of the seed discharging brush of the present invention keep in contact with the front side of the seed metering disc and sweep the seeds from the front side; the bristles of the anti-blocking brush pass through the groove and the seed suction hole and push the seeds from the rear side. Under the combined action of the two brushes, all the seeds can be swept down to avoid blockage.

[0022] 2. The rear side of the seed suction hole adopts a rectangular groove structure design, and the anti-blocking brush roller is closely attached to the rectangular groove through the pre-tightening force of the spring. When the seed metering disc rotates, the brush roller is driven to rotate synchronously through the frictional force, ensuring that the bristles pass through the seed suction hole from the back to the front, and applying sufficient thrust to the rear side of the seeds.

[0023] 3. The seed metering disc is provided with double rows of seed suction holes, and oval grooves are arranged centered on the seed suction holes, making the adsorption process more stable and reliable; a seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is arranged between the seed suction holes, which can continuously disturb the piled seeds, improve the fluidity of the seed population inside the seed metering device, and enhance the success rate of seed suction. The trapezoidal seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is more likely to break the piled state of the seeds.

[0024] 4. An isolation ring is arranged between the seed metering disc and the seed chamber housing, and is fixed by double-groove nesting, preventing the seeds from flying out or getting stuck in the gap during high-speed rotation, and at the same time preventing the seeds from being squeezed and damaged by the edge of the structure.

[0025] 5. The air chamber housing is divided into a negative pressure air chamber and a positive pressure air chamber by an inner arc-shaped plate, optimizing the air flow path and ensuring stable air flow. By setting an installation groove and installing a sealing rubber ring, the airtightness and negative pressure stability of the air chamber are effectively improved. The stable negative pressure environment enables the seeds to be stably adsorbed on the seed suction holes, preventing the seeds from falling off due to air flow fluctuations during rotation and ensuring accurate seed discharge.

[0026] 6. The seed metering shaft adopts a multi-section structure design, and key parts are supported and fixed by multiple limiting components such as positioning rings, backing plates, bearings, and positioning pins, reducing the vibration and misalignment of components.

[0027] 7. Both the seed metering shaft mechanism and the whole seed metering device adopt a quick disassembly and assembly design, facilitating the overhaul and maintenance of the seed metering device. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is an exploded view of the seed metering device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional view of cleaning the seed suction hole of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a side view of cleaning the seed suction hole of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional view of another perspective of cleaning the seed suction hole of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional view of the pressure mechanism for installing the anti-blocking brush.

[0033] Figure 6 It is a front side structural schematic diagram of the seed metering disc.

[0034] Figure 7 Side view and partial enlarged view of the seed metering disc.

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the rear side structure of the seed metering disc.

[0036] Figure 9 Cross-sectional view and partial enlarged view of the seed metering disc.

[0037] Figure 10 Assembly schematic diagram of the isolation ring between the seed chamber housing and the seed metering disc.

[0038] Figure 11 Stereogram of the seed metering shaft mechanism.

[0039] Figure 12 Another perspective stereogram of the seed metering shaft mechanism.

[0040] In the figure, 1 - seed chamber housing, 2 - seed discharging brush, 3 - hexagon flange face nut, 4 - isolation ring, 5 - seed metering disc, 6 - sealing rubber ring, 7 - transmission shaft, 8 - pressure mechanism, 9 - bearing, 10 - air chamber housing, 11 - bushing, 12 - negative pressure port, 13 - fixing ring, 14 - flat key, 15 - sprocket, 16 - base, 17 - rotating shaft, 18 - spring, 19 - support rod, 20 - roller shaft core, 21 - anti-blocking brush, 22 - backing plate, 23 - positioning pin, 24 - seed suction hole, 25 - oval groove, 26 - rectangular groove. Specific embodiments

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0042] Embodiment 1 A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device includes a seed metering device housing, a seed metering disc, a seed supply mechanism, and a seed metering shaft mechanism. The seed metering shaft mechanism drives the seed metering disc to rotate within the seed metering device housing. The seed metering device housing includes a seed chamber housing and an air chamber housing. The front side of the seed chamber housing and the seed metering disc encloses a seed space, and the rear side of the air chamber housing and the seed metering disc encloses an air chamber space. The seed metering disc is provided with a circle of seed suction holes. One side within the seed space is a seed filling area, and the other side is a seed discharging area. The air chamber space is divided into a positive pressure air chamber and a negative pressure air chamber. The negative pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area, and the positive pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed discharging area. The seed metering device further includes a seed discharging brush and an anti-blocking brush. Grooves are provided on both the front side and the rear side of the seed suction holes. In the seed discharging area, the seed discharging brush arranged within the seed space and the anti-blocking brush arranged within the air chamber space are arranged front and back opposite to each other to brush off the seeds stuck at the seed suction holes. Specifically, the seeds enter the seed filling area from the seed inlet through the seed supply mechanism. Under the action of the negative pressure air chamber, the seeds are adsorbed by the seed suction holes, rotate with the seed metering disc into the seed discharging area, and fall under the action of the positive pressure air chamber. The stuck seeds are brushed off under the dual action of the seed discharging brush and the anti-blocking brush and sent out from the seed discharging port to prevent blockage.

[0043] There are two circles of seed suction holes on the seed metering disc, and the inner and outer circle seed suction holes are directly opposite to each other; the groove in front of the seed suction hole is an oval groove, and each seed suction hole is correspondingly provided with an oval groove; the groove behind the seed suction hole is a rectangular groove, and one rectangular groove covers two seed suction holes corresponding to the inner and outer circles; the anti-blocking brush covers a single rectangular groove. Specifically, each seed suction hole communicates with the seed space and the air chamber space, and multiple seed suction holes are circumferentially evenly distributed, and multiple oval grooves are circumferentially evenly distributed. The rectangular groove provides a transition space for the bristles. In this embodiment, the diameter of the seed suction hole is 1.5 mm.

[0044] The anti-blocking brush is installed in the air chamber housing through a pressure mechanism; the pressure mechanism includes a base, a rotating shaft, a spring, a support rod, and a roller core; the base is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber housing, one end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the base through the rotating shaft, the other end of the support rod is provided with a rotatable roller core, the anti-blocking brush is cylindrical and sleeved outside the roller core; a spring for pressing the anti-blocking brush tightly against the surface of the seed metering disc is arranged between the middle of the support rod and the base. Specifically, when the seed metering disc rotates, the anti-blocking brush closely adheres to the rear side of the seed metering disc under the action of the pressure mechanism and rotates synchronously with the seed metering disc. The advantage of synchronous rotation is that it can prevent the bristles from wearing and deforming, ensure that the bristles pass through the seed suction holes, and sweep the stuck seeds from the rear side.

[0045] A seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is arranged between circumferentially adjacent seed suction holes; the seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is an isosceles trapezoidal protrusion that is small on the inner side and large on the outer side; multiple isosceles trapezoidal protrusions are arranged in a circle and are circumferentially evenly distributed.

[0046] A precision air-suction type rice seed metering device further includes a C-shaped isolation ring; an installation groove is provided at the rear side of the seed chamber housing, and the isolation ring is fixed in the installation groove; a circular groove is provided at the front side of the seed metering disc, and the isolation ring is embedded in the circular groove and slides relative to the circular groove; the opening of the isolation ring corresponds to the seed discharging area. Specifically, the isolation ring corresponds to the seed filling area, which can prevent seeds from being squeezed and broken due to the existence of gaps, and also prevent seeds from flying out of the seed metering disc.

[0047] An inner arc-shaped plate is arranged in the air chamber housing. The inner arc-shaped plate is a C-shaped ring structure, and the inner arc-shaped plate divides the air chamber space into a negative pressure air chamber and a positive pressure air chamber. The inner side of the C-shaped ring structure is the negative pressure air chamber, and the outer side is the positive pressure air chamber. The positive pressure air chamber corresponds to the seed discharging area; a circle of installation grooves is provided at the outer edge of the C-shaped ring structure, and a sealing rubber ring for ensuring the airtightness of the negative pressure air chamber is embedded in the installation groove. Specifically, the air chamber housing is provided with a negative pressure port, which is connected to a blower to form a negative pressure in the negative pressure air chamber.

[0048] The metering shaft mechanism includes a transmission shaft, a sprocket, a fixing ring, a bearing, a flat key, a hexagonal flange nut, and a backing plate; the transmission shaft includes a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a third shaft section, and a fourth shaft section arranged in sequence from the rear to the front. The shaft diameters of the first shaft section to the third shaft section increase in sequence, and the shaft diameter of the fourth shaft section is smaller than that of the third shaft section; the fixing ring fixes the bearing on the second shaft section, and the bearing cooperates with the air chamber housing; the sprocket is fixed on the first shaft section through a flat key; the backing plate is sleeved on the fourth shaft section and abuts against the front end of the third shaft section. The metering disc is sleeved on the fourth shaft section. External threads are provided at the front end of the fourth shaft section, and the hexagonal flange nut is screwed into the external threads to press the metering disc and the backing plate tightly; the metering disc and the backing plate are locked through a positioning pin. Specifically, a shaft sleeve is provided to assist in the axial positioning of the parts on the transmission shaft. The sprocket is driven to rotate through chain drive, and then the transmission shaft is driven to rotate, and the metering disc is driven to rotate. The pre-tightening force is provided by the hexagonal flange nut to make the metering disc and the backing plate fit tightly. The metering shaft mechanism adopts a quick-disassembly structure, which is convenient for the later maintenance and overhaul of the metering device.

[0049] The seed chamber housing is provided with a seed inlet and a seed outlet. The seed inlet is connected to the seed supply mechanism and is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area. The seed outlet is arranged below the seed discharging area; the seed chamber housing and the air chamber housing are connected by set screws. Specifically, the seed chamber housing and the air chamber housing adopt a quick-disassembly structure, which is convenient for the later maintenance and overhaul of the metering device.

[0050] A rice precise air-suction metering method uses a rice precise air-suction metering device. Start the centrifugal fan and adjust the negative pressure to 32 kPa. After putting hybrid rice seeds into the seed supply mechanism, when the rice seeds enter the seed filling area in the seed space, under the action of the negative pressure air chamber in the air chamber space, the seeds are adsorbed on the seed suction holes and rotate with the metering disc. After the seeds reach the seed discharging area, they fall under the action of the positive pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and are discharged from the seed outlet. The seeds that are stuck on the seed suction holes and cannot fall are brushed off through the combined action of the seed discharging brush and the anti-clogging brush and are discharged from the seed outlet. The seed guiding and flow disturbing structure continuously disturbs the seed layer to avoid seed accumulation; the seed discharging brush and the anti-clogging brush synchronously clean the residues on the suction holes to prevent blockage.

[0051] The present invention solves the problems of suction hole blockage and uneven seed adsorption existing in the existing metering devices by technical means such as adding an anti-clogging brush and improving the structure of the metering disc, thereby improving the suction stability of seeds.

[0052] Embodiment 2 A rice cultivation device is equipped with a rice precise air-suction metering device.

[0053] According to the functions required by the rice cultivation device, corresponding modules are integrated, such as a ditch-opening module, a power and navigation module, a water and fertilizer synchronization module, an intelligent monitoring module, etc., for cultivating rice in paddy fields.

[0054] The parts not mentioned in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1.

[0055] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be equivalent replacement methods and are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device, comprising a seed metering device housing, a seed metering disc, a seed supply mechanism, and a seed metering shaft mechanism. The seed metering shaft mechanism drives the seed metering disc to rotate within the seed metering device housing; the seed metering device housing includes a seed chamber housing and an air chamber housing. The front side of the seed chamber housing and the seed metering disc enclose a seed space, and the rear side of the air chamber housing and the seed metering disc enclose an air chamber space; the seed metering disc is provided with a circle of seed suction holes; one side within the seed space is a seed filling area, and the other side is a seed discharging area. The air chamber space is partitioned into a positive pressure air chamber and a negative pressure air chamber. The negative pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area, and the positive pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed discharging area. It is characterized in that: The metering device further includes a seed discharging brush and an anti-clogging brush; grooves are respectively arranged in front of and behind the seed suction holes; in the seed discharging area, the seed discharging brush arranged in the seed space and the anti-clogging brush arranged in the air chamber space are arranged front and back facing each other to brush off the seeds stuck at the seed suction holes.

2. The precision air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two circles of seed suction holes are provided on the metering disc, and the inner and outer circle seed suction holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; the groove in front of the seed suction hole is an oval groove, and each seed suction hole corresponds to an oval groove; the groove behind the seed suction hole is a rectangular groove, and one rectangular groove covers two seed suction holes corresponding to the inner and outer circles; the anti-clogging brush covers a single rectangular groove.

3. A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-clogging brush is installed in the air chamber housing through a pressure mechanism; the pressure mechanism includes a base, a rotating shaft, a spring, a support rod, and a roller shaft core; the base is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber housing, one end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the base through the rotating shaft, the other end of the support rod is provided with a rotatable roller shaft core, the anti-clogging brush is cylindrical and sleeved outside the roller shaft core; a spring for pressing the anti-clogging brush tightly against the surface of the metering disc is arranged between the middle of the support rod and the base.

4. A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is arranged between circumferentially adjacent seed suction holes; the seed guiding and flow disturbing structure is an isosceles trapezoidal protrusion with a smaller inner side and a larger outer side; a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal protrusions are arranged in a circle and evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

5. A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a C-shaped isolation ring; an installation groove is provided at the rear side of the seed chamber housing, and the isolation ring is fixed in the installation groove; a circular groove is provided at the front side of the metering disc, and the isolation ring is embedded in the circular groove and slides relative to the circular groove; the opening of the isolation ring corresponds to the seed discharging area.

6. A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner arc-shaped plate is arranged in the air chamber housing, the inner arc-shaped plate is a C-shaped ring structure, the inner arc-shaped plate divides the air chamber space into a negative pressure air chamber and a positive pressure air chamber, the inner side of the C-shaped ring structure is the negative pressure air chamber, the outer side is the positive pressure air chamber, and the positive pressure air chamber corresponds to the seed discharging area; a circle of installation grooves is provided at the outer edge of the C-shaped ring structure, and a sealing rubber ring for ensuring the airtightness of the negative pressure air chamber is embedded in the installation groove.

7. The precision air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed metering shaft mechanism includes a transmission shaft, a sprocket, a fixing ring, a bearing, a flat key, a hexagonal flange nut, and a backing plate; the transmission shaft includes a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a third shaft section, and a fourth shaft section arranged in sequence from back to front, the shaft diameters of the first shaft section to the third shaft section increase in sequence, and the shaft diameter of the fourth shaft section is smaller than that of the third shaft section; the fixing ring fixes the bearing on the second shaft section, and the bearing cooperates with the air chamber housing; the sprocket is fixed on the first shaft section through a flat key; the backing plate is sleeved on the fourth shaft section and abuts against the front end of the third shaft section, the metering disc is sleeved on the fourth shaft section, external threads are provided at the front end of the fourth shaft section, and the hexagonal flange nut is screwed into the external threads to press the metering disc and the backing plate tightly; the metering disc and the backing plate are locked through positioning pins.

8. A precise air-suction type rice seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed chamber housing is provided with a seed inlet and a seed outlet, the seed inlet is connected to the seed supply mechanism and corresponds to the seed filling area, and the seed outlet is arranged below the seed discharging area; the seed chamber housing and the air chamber housing are connected through set screws.

9. A precise air-suction seed metering method for rice, using a precise air-suction seed metering device for rice according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: After the rice seeds enter the seed filling area in the seed space from the seed supply institution, under the action of the negative pressure air chamber in the air chamber space, the seeds are adsorbed on the seed suction holes and rotate with the seed metering disc. When the seeds reach the seed unloading area, they fall under the action of the positive pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and are discharged from the seed discharging port. The seeds that are stuck on the seed suction holes and cannot fall are brushed off by the combined action of the seed unloading brush and the anti-blocking brush and are discharged from the seed discharging port.

10. A rice cultivation device, characterized in that: Equipped with a precise air-suction type rice seed metering device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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