Ice anchor equipment and ship berthing method in layer ice area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship berthing, and discloses ice anchor equipment and a ship berthing method in a layer ice area. The ice anchor equipment is used for berthing a ship at the ice layer and mainly comprises an anchor rod and an anchoring structure. The first end of the anchor rod can be connected with a ship through a mooring rope; the multiple anchor rods are arranged, and the second ends and the first ends of any two anchor rods can be combined through the locking assemblies. The anchoring structure can be connected with the second end of the anchor rod and comprises an anchoring plate, and an anchor nail is arranged on one side, in the thickness direction of the anchoring plate, of the anchoring plate; after the anchoring plate extends into the bottom of the layer ice through the ice hole and forms an included angle with the ice hole, the mooring rope is tightened to pull the anchoring plate, and the anchor nail can abut against and be engaged into the bottom of the layer ice. According to the ice anchor equipment, the berthing difficulty of the ship in a layer ice area can be reduced, the berthing time is shortened, and the safety coefficient and the berthing convenience are improved. The layer ice area ship docking method is based on ice anchor equipment, and the layer ice area mooring efficiency and operation efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship docking, and in particular to an ice anchor device and a method for docking a ship in an ice layer area. Background Art

[0002] When scientific research ships and survey ships operate in polar regions and ice areas, the phenomenon that the ship's anchor stops unstably and drifts often occurs, which greatly increases the risk of the ship carrying out ice operations. To solve this problem, the prior art has proposed an ice anchor device. When this device is used, an ice groove needs to be opened on the ice layer, and then hardwood is tied to the mooring cable and placed in the ice groove, and the ice groove is filled with water and waits for it to freeze. However, this device has problems such as uneven hardwood strength, difficulty in opening the ice groove, unstable freezing time, and difficulty in recovering the hardwood after use. As a result, the safety factor is low, the operation difficulty is high, there is more material waste, and the docking time required is long.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ice anchor device and a method for docking a ship in an ice layer area to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide an ice anchor device, which can reduce the docking difficulty of a ship in an ice layer area, reduce the docking time, and improve the safety factor and docking convenience.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An ice anchor device for docking a ship at an ice layer includes:

[0007] An anchor rod, the first end of which can be connected to the ship through a mooring cable; a plurality of the anchor rods are provided, and the second ends of any two of the anchor rods can be combined with the first ends through a locking component;

[0008] An anchor stopping structure, which can be connected to the second end of the anchor rod. The anchor stopping structure includes an anchor stopping plate, and one side of the anchor stopping plate along its thickness direction is provided with anchor nails; after the anchor stopping plate extends into the bottom of the ice layer through an ice hole and is placed at an angle with the ice hole, the mooring cable is tightened to pull the anchor stopping plate, and the anchor nails can abut against and bite into the bottom of the ice layer.

[0009] Preferably, the anchor nails are conical nails with a diameter gradually decreasing in the direction away from the anchor stopping plate, and the apex angle of the conical nails is not greater than 30°, and the height of the conical nails is not less than 0.2 m.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of the anchor nails are arranged at intervals on the anchor stopping plate.

[0011] Preferably, the anchoring structure further includes a connecting rod, which is connected to the side of the anchoring plate where the anchor pins are provided, and one end of the connecting rod away from the anchoring plate can be combined with the second end of the anchor rod through a locking assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the connecting rod and the anchoring plate are in welded cooperation, and both the anchor rod and the anchoring plate are made of cryogenic steel materials.

[0013] Preferably, the anchor rod and the connecting rod have the same length, both being 0.8m - 1.2m.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of the anchor pins are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the connecting rod.

[0015] Preferably, the ice anchor device further includes a rotating assembly, which includes a bearing and a short shaft. The bearing can be rotatably connected to the first end of the anchor rod. The short shaft is installed on the bearing, and an eye ring is provided on the short shaft for connecting the ship.

[0016] Preferably, the ice anchor device further includes a disassembly ring, which is sleeved with the eye ring, and the disassembly ring can rotate in any direction for connecting the mooring cable.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for docking a ship in an ice layer area, so as to improve the mooring efficiency and operation efficiency in the ice layer area.

[0018] A method for docking a ship in an ice layer area, based on the ice anchor device, the method for docking a ship in an ice layer area includes the following steps:

[0019] To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0020] S100. Select the number of the anchor rods and the anchoring positions according to the ice layer thickness;

[0021] S200. Open a rectangular ice hole at the anchoring position, and make the rectangular ice hole perpendicular to the cable laying direction of the mooring cable;

[0022] S300. Assemble the ice anchor device according to the selected anchor rods, and connect the mooring cable to the disassembly ring of the ice anchor device;

[0023] S400. Pass the anchoring structure through the ice hole and extend it below the ice layer, and rotate the anchoring plate by 90° through the anchor rod to make the anchoring plate perpendicular to the ice hole;

[0024] S500. Tighten the mooring cable to make the anchor pins bite into the ice layer to complete the docking.

[0025] Advantages of the present invention:

[0026] The present invention discloses an ice anchor device. The ice anchor device is used for docking a ship at layered ice, and mainly includes an anchor rod and an anchor stopping structure. The first end of the anchor rod can be connected to the ship through a mooring cable; there are multiple anchor rods, and the second end and the first end of any two anchor rods can be combined through a locking component; the anchor stopping structure can be connected to the second end of the anchor rod, and the anchor stopping structure includes an anchor stopping plate, and an anchor spike is arranged on one side of the anchor stopping plate along its thickness direction; after the anchor stopping plate extends into the bottom of the layered ice through an ice hole and is arranged at an angle with the ice hole, when pulling the anchor stopping plate away from the layered ice, the anchor spike can abut against and bite into the bottom of the layered ice.

[0027] When using this ice anchor device to dock a ship, not only is the operation simple and the docking difficulty low, but also there is no need to wait for the ice hole to refreeze. Multiple anchor rods and the anchor stopping structure can be quickly assembled through the locking component, effectively reducing the docking time, and the components of this device can be disassembled and recycled after use, without causing waste of resources; when docking, the anchor spike can abut against and bite into the layered ice, improving the stability and safety of docking.

[0028] The present invention also discloses a method for docking a ship in a layered ice area. This method is based on this ice anchor device and can improve the mooring efficiency and operation efficiency in the layered ice area. Description of the drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the ice anchor device provided by the present invention when in use;

[0030] Figure 2 is a top view of the ice anchor device provided by the present invention when in use;

[0031] Figure 3 is an axonometric view of the ice anchor device provided by the present invention when in use;

[0032] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the ship docking provided by the present invention.

[0033] In the figure:

[0034] 10. Anchor rod;

[0035] 20. Anchor stopping structure; 21. Anchor stopping plate; 211. Anchor spike; 22. Link rod;

[0036] 30. Locking component; 31. Flange; 32. Nut;

[0037] 40. Rotating component; 41. Bearing; 42. Short shaft; 43. Eye ring;

[0038] 50. Demounting ring;

[0039] 100. Layered ice; 110. Ice hole;

[0040] 200, Ship; 210, Mooring winch;

[0041] 300, Mooring cable. Detailed implementation manner

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the sake of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, rather than all the structures.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the direct contact between the first and second features, or may include the situation where the first and second features are not in direct contact but in contact through other features between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over", and "on" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "below", "under", and "beneath" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is lower than that of the second feature.

[0045] In the description of this embodiment, the orientation or positional relationships such as "above", "below", "right", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of description and simplifying the operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and do not have special meanings.

[0046] To reduce the operation difficulty in ice areas and polar regions, an ice anchor device is provided in this embodiment. As Figures 1-4As shown, this device is used to dock the ship 200 at the layer ice 100. The ice anchor device specifically includes an anchor rod 10 and an anchor stopping structure 20; the first end of the anchor rod 10 can be connected to the ship 200 through a mooring cable 300; there are multiple anchor rods 10, and the second end and the first end of any two anchor rods 10 can be combined through a locking component 30; the anchor stopping structure 20 can be connected to the second end of the anchor rod 10, and the anchor stopping structure 20 includes an anchor stopping plate 21, and an anchor spike 211 is arranged on one side of the anchor stopping plate 21 along its thickness direction; after the anchor stopping plate 21 extends into the bottom of the layer ice 100 through the ice hole 110 and is placed at an angle with the ice hole 110, pulling the anchor stopping plate 21 in the direction of tightening the mooring cable 300 (towards the ship 200), the anchor spike 211 can abut against and bite into the bottom of the layer ice 100.

[0047] When it is necessary to dock the ship 200 at the layer ice 100, first send staff to select a suitable anchor position, and vertically open a rectangular ice hole 110 on the layer ice 100. The long side of the rectangular ice hole is perpendicular to the connection line between the ship 200 and the ice hole 110. Then, according to the actual thickness of the layer ice 100, select the number of anchor rods 10 for connection. Finally, install the anchor stopping structure 20 at the second end of the anchor rod 10 to complete the assembly. Further, the staff extends the anchor stopping structure 20 into the bottom of the layer ice 100 through the ice hole 110, holds one end of the anchor rod 10 and rotates the anchor stopping structure 20 to make the anchor stopping plate 21 perpendicular to the rectangular ice hole 110, and then connects the other end of the anchor rod 10 to the mooring cable 300. The other end of the mooring cable 300 is wound around the mooring winch 210 on the ship 200. After tightening the mooring cable 300, the anchor stopping plate 21 will move upward, and the anchor spike 211 will bite into the bottom of the layer ice 100, that is, the docking of the ship 200 is completed through the combined action of the layer ice 100, the mooring cable 300 and the ice anchor device.

[0048] Using this ice anchor device to dock a ship not only has simple operation and low docking difficulty, but also does not need to wait for the ice hole 110 to refreeze. Multiple anchor rods 10 and the anchor stopping structure 20 can be quickly assembled through the locking component 30, effectively reducing the docking time. And after use, the components of this device can be disassembled and recycled, without causing waste of resources; when docking, the anchor spike 211 can abut against and bite into the layer ice 100, improving the stability and safety of docking.

[0049] It should be noted that in this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the locking assembly 30 includes a flange 31 and a nut 32. When multiple anchor rods 10 are assembled with each other, the first end of one anchor rod 10 is aligned with the second end of another anchor rod 10. Then, the flange 31 is fixed at the connection of the first end and the second end, and is locked and fixed by the nut 32. Compared with the plug-in method, the flange 31 has high locking strength, good locking effect, simple structure, convenient operation, effectively improving the use convenience and the mooring stability. In other embodiments, a threaded connection structure can also be adopted, that is, an internal thread is processed at the first end of the anchor rod 10, and an external thread is processed at the second end of the anchor rod 10, so that the first end and the second end can be connected to each other.

[0050] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the anchor pin 211 is a tapered pin with a diameter gradually decreasing in the direction away from the anchor plate 21, and the apex angle of the tapered pin is not greater than 30°, and the height of the tapered pin is not less than 0.2 m. This structure can ensure the sharpness of the anchor pin 211. When pulling up the anchor plate 21, the anchor pin 211 can quickly bite into the layer ice 100 with a complete strength higher than 500 kPa, not only improving the docking efficiency, but also improving the docking stability.

[0051] In addition, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of anchor pins 211 are arranged at intervals on the anchor plate 21. The plurality of anchor pins 211 can further improve the fixing effect between the anchor plate 21 and the layer ice 100. When pulling the mooring cable 300 in multiple directions, the anchor pins 211 will bite into the layer ice 100, thereby improving the docking stability of the ship 200.

[0052] Specifically, as Figures 1-3 shown, the anchor structure 20 further includes a connecting rod 22. The connecting rod 22 is connected to the side of the anchor plate 21 where the anchor pins 211 are arranged, and the end of the connecting rod 22 away from the anchor plate 21 can be combined with the second end of the anchor rod 10 through the locking assembly 30. In this structure, the connecting rod 22 and the anchor rod 10 are connected to each other, rather than directly connecting the anchor rod 10 and the anchor plate 21, which can avoid the fracture of the assembly part of the anchor rod 10 and the anchor plate 21 due to excessive force; and the method of assembling the connecting rod 22 and the anchor rod 10 not only ensures the detachable assembly relationship, but also improves the use convenience.

[0053] To ensure good structural strength, the connecting rod 22 and the anchor plate 21 are in welded cooperation, and both the anchor rod 10 and the anchor structure 20 are made of low-temperature steel materials. The welded cooperation method has the advantages of high strength, good airtightness, reduced stress concentration and low cost, which can improve the mooring stability of the ship and the service life of the anchor structure 20. The low-temperature steel material can still maintain good toughness and impact resistance in a low-temperature environment, and is easy to weld, has strong corrosion resistance, can be used in long-term cycles, and reduces resource waste.

[0054] It should be noted that the anchor stop plate 21 has a strip-shaped structure with a length of not less than 2 m and a width of not less than 0.2 m. Such a structure can carry more anchor pins 211. In addition, each anchor rod 10 and the connecting rod 22 have the same length, which is 0.8 m - 1.2 m. In this embodiment, the lengths of the anchor rod 10 and the connecting rod 22 are both 1 m. If the actual thickness of the layer ice 100 is within 2 m, one anchor rod 10 and the connecting rod 22 can be assembled. If the thickness of the layer ice 100 is 2 - 3 m, two anchor rods 10 and the connecting rod 22 can be assembled, and so on. The appropriate number of anchor rods 10 can be selected according to actual needs.

[0055] In addition, as Figure 1 shown, a plurality of anchor pins 211 are symmetrically distributed along both sides of the connecting rod 22. Such a structure can ensure that no matter which side the connecting rod 22 is pulled, there are anchor pins 211 that can bite into the layer ice 100, thereby improving the berthing efficiency and reducing the ice anchoring time.

[0056] To avoid rigid connection, as Figure 1 shown, the ice anchoring device further includes a rotating assembly 40. The rotating assembly 40 includes a bearing 41 and a short shaft 42. The bearing 41 can be rotatably connected to the first end of the anchor rod 10. The short shaft 42 is installed on the bearing 41, and an eye ring 43 is provided on the short shaft 42. The eye ring 43 is used to connect the ship 200. After the anchor stop plate 21 is placed at the bottom of the layer ice 100, the mooring cable 300 is connected into the eye ring 43, and then as Figure 4 shown, the mooring cable 300 is tightened by the mooring winch 210. At this time, the docking can be completed. However, since the mooring cable 300 cannot be tightened perpendicular to the layer ice 100, and due to the action of wind and current, the ship 200 will have a weak movement after docking. Therefore, the mooring cable 300 will form a certain angle with the horizontal plane, and this angle will continuously change slightly. The tension in the direction of the mooring cable 300 can be decomposed into vertical and horizontal component forces. The vertical tension can make the anchor pins 211 bite into the layer ice 100, and the horizontal tension can provide mooring force for the ship in the ice area. At the same time, the mooring cable 300 is connected to the eye ring 43 and drives the bearing 41 to rotate through the short shaft 42, thereby effectively avoiding the formation of a rigid connection between the mooring cable 300 and the anchor rod 10, thus preventing the anchor rod 10 and the rotating assembly 40 from breaking due to fatigue, improving the service life of the anchor rod 10 and the rotating assembly 40, and also improving the flexibility of berthing.

[0057] It should be noted that the rotating assembly 40 is detachably installed at the first end of the anchor rod 10, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance and replacement in a timely manner. At the same time, since the connecting rod 22 can be connected to the second end of the anchor rod 10 through the locking assembly 30, the end of the connecting rod 22 away from the anchor stop plate 21 has the same structure as the first end of the anchor rod 10, that is, the rotating assembly 40 can also be installed at one end of the connecting rod 22. If the length of the connecting rod 22 is relatively large and the thickness of the docked ice layer is not greater than the length of the connecting rod 22, the rotating assembly 40 can be directly installed on the connecting rod 22 at this time, thereby saving the steps of assembling the anchor rod 10, reducing the assembly time, and improving the convenience of docking.

[0058] In addition, to improve the assembly efficiency, as Figure 1 shown, the ice anchor device further includes a disassembly ring 50. The disassembly ring 50 is sleeved with the eye ring 43, and the disassembly ring 50 can rotate in any direction. The disassembly ring 50 is used to directly connect the mooring cable 300. Since the diameter of the eye ring 43 is small and the diameter of the mooring cable 300 is large, it is not convenient to directly pass the mooring cable 300 through the eye ring 43; while the diameter of the disassembly ring 50 is relatively small compared to the mooring cable 300. Therefore, the disassembly ring 50 is first sleeved inside the eye ring 43, and then the mooring cable 300 can be quickly connected to the disassembly ring 50, thereby reducing the mooring time and improving the convenience of mooring. In addition, the disassembly ring 50 can rotate in any direction, which also improves the flexibility of connecting the mooring cable 300, thereby improving the docking efficiency and the user experience.

[0059] In this embodiment, a method for a ship to dock in an ice layer area is also provided. This method is based on the above ice anchor device. The specific steps of the method for a ship to dock in an ice layer area are as follows:

[0060] S100. Select the number of anchor rods 10 and the anchoring position according to the specific thickness of the ice layer 100;

[0061] S200. Open a rectangular ice hole 110 at the anchoring position, and make the rectangular ice hole 110 perpendicular to the cable outlet direction of the mooring cable 300;

[0062] S300. Assemble the ice anchor device according to the selected anchor rod 10 (assemble multiple anchor rods 10 and the anchor stop structure 20 in sequence through the locking assembly 30), and connect the mooring cable 300 to the disassembly ring 50 of the ice anchor device;

[0063] S400. Pass the anchor stop structure 20 through the ice hole 110 and extend it below the ice layer 100, and rotate the anchor stop plate 21 by 90° through the anchor rod 10 to make the anchor stop plate 21 perpendicular to the ice hole 110, so as to prevent the anchor stop plate 21 from being pulled out from the ice hole 110;

[0064] S500. Use the mooring winch 210 to tighten the mooring cable 300 so that the anchor spikes 211 bite into the ice layer 100, complete the mooring to the ice surface, and notify the operator to evacuate.

[0065] Finally, after the ice operation is completed, cut the layer ice 100 according to the specific position of the anchor stop plate 21, start the mooring winch 210 again, retract the ice anchor device as a whole, manually take out the stored ice and then disassemble and recycle it.

[0066] In summary, the ice anchor device in this embodiment can reduce the docking difficulty of the ship in the layer ice area, reduce the docking time, and improve the safety factor and docking convenience; based on this device, the ice area mooring can be further improved by using this method to ensure the operation efficiency.

[0067] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ice anchor device for mooring a ship (200) at a layer of ice (100), characterized in that: include: An anchor rod (10), the first end of which can be connected to the vessel (200) via a mooring cable (300); a plurality of anchor rods (10) are provided, and the second ends of any two anchor rods (10) can be combined with the first ends via a locking assembly (30); An anchoring structure (20) is connectable to the second end of the anchor rod (10), and the anchoring structure (20) comprises an anchoring plate (21), and an anchor nail (211) is arranged on one side of the anchoring plate (21) along its thickness direction; after the anchoring plate (21) extends into the bottom of the layer of ice (100) through the ice hole (110) and is placed at an angle with the ice hole (110), the mooring cable (300) is tightened to pull the anchoring plate (21), and the anchor nail (211) can abut against and bite into the bottom of the layer of ice (100).

2. The ice anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor nail (211) is a conical nail whose diameter gradually decreases in the direction away from the anchor plate (21), and the top angle of the conical nail is not greater than 30°, and the height of the conical nail is not less than 0.2 m.

3. The ice anchor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of anchor nails (211) are arranged at intervals on the anchor plate (21).

4. The ice anchor device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anchoring structure (20) further comprises a connecting rod (22), wherein the connecting rod (22) is connected to a side of the anchoring plate (21) provided with the anchor nail (211), and an end of the connecting rod (22) away from the anchoring plate (21) can be combined with the second end of the anchor rod (10) through a locking assembly (30).

5. The ice anchor device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting rod (22) and the anchor plate (21) are welded together, and the anchor rod (10) and the anchor structure (20) are both made of low-temperature steel material.

6. The ice anchor device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anchor rod (10) and the connecting rod (22) have the same length, both of which are 0.8m-1.2m.

7. The ice anchor device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of anchor nails (211) are symmetrically distributed along both sides of the connecting rod (22).

8. The ice anchor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ice anchor device further comprises a rotating assembly (40), wherein the rotating assembly (40) comprises a bearing (41) and a short shaft (42), wherein the bearing (41) is rotatably connected to the first end of the anchor rod (10), and the short shaft (42) is mounted on the bearing (41), and an eye ring (43) is provided on the short shaft (42), and the eye ring (43) is used to connect to the ship (200).

9. The ice anchor device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ice anchor device further comprises a disassembly ring (50), the disassembly ring (50) and the eye ring (43) are sleeved with each other, and the disassembly ring (50) can be rotated in any direction, and the disassembly ring (50) is used to connect the mooring cable (300).

10. A method for berthing a ship in an ice area, characterized in that: Based on the ice anchor equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method for docking a ship in ice area comprises the following steps: S100, selecting the number of anchor rods (10) and anchoring positions according to the thickness of the ice layer (100); S200, opening a rectangular ice hole (110) at the anchoring position, and making the rectangular ice hole (110) perpendicular to the cable-out direction of the mooring cable (300); S300, assembling the ice anchor device according to the selected anchor rod (10), and connecting the mooring cable (300) to the disassembly ring (50) of the ice anchor device; S400, passing the anchoring structure (20) through the ice hole (110) and extending it below the layer of ice (100), and rotating the anchoring plate (21) by 90 degrees through the anchor rod (10) so that the anchoring plate (21) is perpendicular to the ice hole (110); S500, tightening the mooring line (300) so that the anchor (211) bites into the layer of ice (100), thereby completing the docking.

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