Drainage adapter and container comprising same
By providing a plurality of convex ribs extending in the drainage direction on the inner wall of the drainage channel of the drainage adapter, the problem that the drainage nozzles are prone to overlap or stuck, and the effect of improving production efficiency and reducing costs is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411789737.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-12-29
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
AI Technical Summary
The drain nozzles of existing drainage adapters are prone to overlap or get stuck, resulting in low production efficiency and increased costs.
A drainage adapter is designed including a cylindrical base, a drainage nozzle and a drainage channel. The center line of the drainage nozzle coincides with the center line of the base, and a plurality of convex ribs extending in the drainage direction are provided on the inside to avoid stacking and jamming.
The problem of stacking or jamming between the drainage nozzles of the drainage transfer parts is completely avoided, and the manual sorting process is eliminated, which improves production efficiency and reduces production costs.
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Figure CN120229446A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of packaging technology, and more specifically, to a diversion adapter and a container including the same. Background Art
[0002] In the existing field of packaging technology, for example, in the packaging field of liquid detergents, a diversion adapter is usually provided between the container body and the container lid of a container for diverting the fluid in the container when pouring out the fluid. The diversion adapter is detachably connected to the container body and the container lid respectively. Among them, the structure of the diversion adapter is designed such that: the connection between the diversion adapter and the container body needs to meet the sealing requirement while also allowing it to be opened for refilling the container body, and the connection between the diversion adapter and the container lid needs to have sufficient firmness to resist collisions during transportation, and at the same time, it also needs to be easily opened to pour the liquid.
[0003] On the other hand, when manufacturing detergent products, the packaging parts are usually poured to the corresponding positions on the production line and then automatically sorted, quality inspected and assembled. The structure of the diversion adapter includes an elongated diversion nozzle. During transportation, the diversion nozzles of the diversion nozzle adapters are prone to overlap with each other, and some diversion adapters even get stuck with each other at the lateral through-holes of the diversion nozzles. Therefore, the corresponding workers need to manually pick out the overlapping diversion nozzle adapters, separate them, and then put them back on the production line for subsequent steps, which reduces the efficiency of automated production and increases the production cost.
[0004] To overcome the above drawbacks, some manufacturers make the diversion nozzle of the diversion adapter skew relative to the base, that is, the extension center line of the diversion nozzle is inclined relative to the central axis of the base. However, this solution is not very ideal. On the other hand, because the diversion nozzle is skew relative to the base, the diversion adapter has a specific installation direction to achieve the best diversion of the liquid, which makes the assembly of the product more complicated.
[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the diversion adapter and its diversion nozzle to completely overcome the possibility of the diversion adapters overlapping with each other. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The object of the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the above problems and defects existing in the prior art.
[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a diversion adapter, comprising: a cylindrical base provided with a container connection portion and a lid connection portion on both axial sides thereof; and a diversion nozzle located radially inside the base, the center line of the diversion nozzle coinciding with the center line of the base. Axially of the base, one end of the diversion nozzle close to the container connection portion is provided with an inlet, and the other end close to the lid connection portion is provided with an outlet. A diversion channel connected to the inlet and the outlet is provided inside the diversion nozzle, and a plurality of ribs extending along the diversion direction of the diversion nozzle are provided on the inner wall of the diversion channel.
[0008] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the ribs are elongated, and the height of the ribs gradually decreases along the diversion direction.
[0009] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the ribs are arranged symmetrically with respect to a cross-section along the center line of the diversion channel.
[0010] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the ribs is 4-8, and 2-4 ribs are distributed on each side of a cross-section along the center line of the diversion channel. With the center line as the center of the circle, the 2-4 ribs respectively form central angles ranging from 0°-70.2°, 25.4°-116° or 105°-135° with the cross-section along the center line of the diversion channel.
[0011] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the ribs is 6, and three ribs are distributed on each side of a cross-section along the center line of the diversion channel. With the center line as the center of the circle, the three ribs respectively form central angles of 25.4°, 70.2° and 115° with the cross-section along the center line of the diversion channel.
[0012] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the side wall of the diversion channel has a through hole penetrating the entire diversion channel, wherein two of the ribs are arranged adjacent to the through hole and parallel to the through hole.
[0013] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, with the center line of the diversion channel as the center of the circle, the two through side edges of the through hole are arranged to span a central angle ranging from 50°-65°, and the two through side edges are arranged symmetrically with respect to a cross-section along the center line of the diversion channel.
[0014] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, with the center line of the diversion channel as the center of the circle, the two through side edges of the through hole are arranged to span a central angle of 30.5°.
[0015] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the convex ribs include a plurality of sub-convex ribs parallel to each other.
[0016] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the flow guiding adapter further includes: an annular connecting portion, the annular connecting portion being located between the base and the flow guiding nozzle in the radial direction of the base, wherein the inlet of the flow guiding nozzle is circular, the flow guiding nozzle is connected to the base through the annular connecting portion, and wherein the annular connecting portion has elasticity to allow the flow guiding nozzle to shift relative to the base.
[0017] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the through hole of the flow guiding channel extends beyond the inlet and extends into the annular connecting portion, so that a ventilation notch is formed on the inner circumference of the annular connecting portion.
[0018] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the annular connecting portion further includes a retaining edge, the retaining edge extending from the outer circumference of the annular connecting portion to the inner circumference at the end of the through hole and overhanging on the downstream side of the ventilation notch in a direction opposite to the flow guiding direction of the flow guiding nozzle.
[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the flow guiding nozzle is a tongue-shaped member, and the flow guiding channel is formed by winding the tongue-shaped member.
[0020] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the radial inner side of the cover connecting portion has a thread and is detachably connected to the container cover through the thread, and wherein at least one overhanging portion extending along the circumference of the base is further provided at the end of the cover connecting portion, and the overhanging portion forms a retaining groove in the wall of the cover connecting portion.
[0021] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a protrusion is provided near the opening of the retaining groove, the protrusion protruding towards the overhanging portion, one side of the protrusion near the opening being a slope and the side of the protrusion away from the opening being stepped.
[0022] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a container, including: a container body; a container cover; and the above-mentioned flow guiding adapter; wherein, the container body is connected to the container connecting portion of the flow guiding adapter, and the container cover is connected to the cover connecting portion of the flow guiding adapter.
[0023] The flow guiding adapter provided according to the foregoing various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure has the following advantages: completely avoiding the problem that the flow guiding nozzles of the flow guiding adapter overlap or even jam with each other, eliminating the manual sorting link, improving production efficiency, reducing production costs, and at the same time not requiring a large change to the structure of the existing flow guiding adapter.
[0024] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and can help to have a comprehensive understanding of the present disclosure through the description of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter. Description of the Drawings
[0025] By describing the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more obvious. In the drawings:
[0026] Figure 1a is a perspective view of a flow diversion adapter in a use state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] Figure 1b is a cross-sectional view along the center line of a flow diversion adapter in a use state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] Figure 2a is a bottom perspective view of a flow diversion adapter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] Figure 2b is a top perspective view of a flow diversion adapter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the convex rib of a flow diversion adapter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] Figure 4a is a bottom front view of a flow diversion adapter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0032] Figure 4b is a bottom front view of a flow diversion adapter according to several other embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Description of the Embodiments
[0033] The technical solutions of the present disclosure will be further specifically described below through exemplary embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings. In the specification, the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar components. The description of the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter is intended to explain the technical content of the present disclosure and should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure.
[0034] In addition, in the following detailed description, for the sake of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. However, obviously, one or more embodiments can also be implemented without these specific details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices are illustrated in a schematic manner to simplify the drawings.
[0035] The present disclosure describes a diversion adapter, including a cylindrical base, with a container connection part and a lid connection part respectively arranged on both axial sides of the base; and a diversion nozzle, which is located radially inside the base, and the center line of the diversion nozzle coincides with the center line of the base. Axially on the base, one end of the diversion nozzle close to the container connection part is provided with a fluid inlet, and the other end close to the lid connection part is provided with a fluid outlet. And a diversion channel connected to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet is arranged inside the diversion nozzle, and a plurality of ribs extending along the diversion direction of the diversion nozzle are arranged on the inner wall of the diversion channel. The present disclosure also describes a container, including a container body, a container lid and the aforementioned diversion adapter, wherein the container body is connected to the container connection part of the diversion adapter, and the container lid is connected to the lid connection part of the diversion adapter.
[0036] The advantages of the diversion adapter of the present disclosure are as follows: It completely avoids the problems that the diversion nozzles of the diversion adapter are nested with each other or even jammed with each other, eliminates the manual sorting link, improves the production efficiency, reduces the production cost, and at the same time does not require a large change in the structure of the existing diversion adapter.
[0037] In this article, expressions defining relative position relationships such as related features being symmetrically distributed with respect to a certain cross-section, and a central angle being formed between a related feature and a certain cross-section are all referring to the central cross-section of the feature. Expressions such as with a certain center line as the center of a circle are all relative to the plane perpendicular to the center line.
[0038] The diversion adapter and the container provided by the present disclosure can be used to package a variety of liquid products. The container described herein is strong enough for product transportation to resist inadvertent impacts during transportation. The container of the present invention can hold the following products: cleaning products, disinfectants, dishwashing compositions, laundry detergents, fabric conditioners, fabric dyes, surface protectants, hair care products, foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, supplements, automotive supplies, aviation supplies, and any other items that may be desired to be shipped by mail or parcel delivery services, etc.
[0039] Figure 1a is a perspective view of the diversion adapter 10 in a use state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1b is a cross-sectional view along the center line of the diversion adapter 10 in a use state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] As shown in the figure, the container of the present disclosure includes a container body 20, a container lid 30, and a flow guiding adapter 10 connected between the container body 20 and the container lid 30. The flow guiding adapter 10 is a molded integral part, having a substantially cylindrical base 100. The base 100 includes three substantially cylindrical parts that are sleeved with each other. A container connection part 200, a lid connection part 300, and a drainage nozzle 400 are respectively formed thereon. The container body 20 is connected to the container connection part 200 of the flow guiding adapter 10, and the container lid 30 is connected to the lid connection part 300 of the flow guiding adapter 10. Usually, the flow guiding adapter 10 is integrally molded from plastic. Plastic is prone to deformation during the production process, and different parts can have different shapes and thicknesses after the finished product is completed, so that different parts can be given different hardnesses that meet the requirements.
[0041] Figure 2a is a bottom perspective view of the flow guiding adapter 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2b is a top perspective view of the flow guiding adapter 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the rib 403 of the flow guiding adapter 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] As shown in the figure, the flow guiding adapter 10 of the present disclosure includes: a cylindrical base 100, with a container connection part 200 and a lid connection part 300 respectively arranged on both axial sides of the base 100; and a drainage nozzle 400. The drainage nozzle 400 is located radially inside the base 100, and the center line of the drainage nozzle 400 coincides with the center line of the base 100. Axially on the base 100, one end of the drainage nozzle 400 close to the container connection part 200 is provided with an inlet 401, and the other end close to the lid connection part 300 is provided with an outlet 402. And a drainage channel connecting the inlet 401 and the outlet 402 is provided inside the drainage nozzle 400, and a plurality of ribs 403 extending along the drainage direction of the drainage nozzle 400 are arranged on the inner wall of the drainage channel. The arrangement of the ribs 403 makes the inner wall of the drainage channel no longer smooth. When a large number of flow guiding adapters 10 are enclosed in the transportation space, when the drainage nozzle 400 of one flow guiding adapter 10 tries to insert into the drainage channel of another flow guiding adapter 10, the ribs 403 will form an obstacle, preventing the drainage nozzle 400 from inserting.
[0043] Among them, the rib 403 is elongated, and the height of the rib 403 gradually decreases along the drainage direction. Such an arrangement can not only achieve the blocking function of the drainage nozzle 400 of other flow guiding adapters 10 but also minimize the interference with the smooth outflow of liquid from the drainage channel.
[0044] In some embodiments, the sidewall of the drainage channel has a through opening 404 that penetrates the entire drainage channel, wherein two of the ribs 403 are arranged adjacent to the through opening 404 and parallel to the through opening 404. In practice, the drainage nozzle 400 is a tongue-shaped member, and the drainage channel is formed by winding the tongue-shaped member.
[0045] Figure 4a is a bottom-up front view of the flow diversion adapter 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and Figure 4b is a bottom-up front view of the flow diversion adapter 10 according to several other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0046] As Figure 4a shown, with the center line of the drainage channel as the center of the circle, the two through sides 405 of the through opening 404 are arranged to span a central angle range of 50° - 65°, and the two through sides 405 are arranged to be symmetrically distributed with respect to a cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel.
[0047] Among them, with the center line of the drainage channel as the center of the circle, the two through sides 405 of the through opening 404 are arranged to span a central angle of 30.5°.
[0048] As Figure 4a shown, the rib 403 is arranged to be symmetrically distributed with respect to a cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel. The number of ribs 403 is 6, and three ribs 403 are distributed on each side of a cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel. With the center line as the center of the circle, the three ribs 403 respectively form central angles of 25.4°, 70.2°, and 115° with the cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel.
[0049] In one embodiment, the 6 ribs 403 are arranged such that three ribs 403 are distributed on each side of a cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel. With the center line as the center of the circle, the three ribs 403 respectively form central angles of 25.4°, 79.2°, and 133.1° with the cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel.
[0050] Experiments show that when the existing drainage nozzles 400 without convex ribs 403 are nested with each other in the following two nested positions, they will be stuck. The first one is: when two drainage nozzles 400 are nested, one through side 405 of the through port 404 of one drainage nozzle 400 abuts against one drainage side of the through port 404 of the other drainage nozzle 400. The second one is: when two drainage nozzles 400 are nested, the through ports 404 of the two drainage nozzles 400 face each other. The design of the convex ribs 403 needs to avoid these two situations, and the highest height of the convex ribs 403 near the through port 404 is the lowest. When distributed along the inner peripheral wall of the drainage channel, the highest height of the convex ribs 403 gradually increases, and the height of the convex ribs 403 facing the through port 404 reaches the highest. Therefore, the convex ribs 403 are designed such that the highest height value of the convex ribs 403 is set in the range of 1 - 1.62 mm. However, in actual production, all the convex ribs 403 are designed to be the same, as long as the highest height of all the convex ribs 403 is within the above data range.
[0051] As Figure 4b shown, the convex rib 403 includes a plurality of mutually parallel sub - convex ribs 403. As shown in the figure, the number of the convex ribs 403 can be multiple. In actual production, the number is 4 - 8, and 2 - 4 convex ribs 403 are distributed on each side of a cross - section along the center line of the drainage channel. Taking the center line as the center of the circle, the 2 - 4 convex ribs 403 on each side can respectively form a central angle in the range of 0° - 70.2°, 25.4° - 116° or 105° - 135° with a cross - section along the center line of the drainage channel.
[0052] As Figure 4a shown, the flow - through adapter 10 further includes: an annular connection part 500. The annular connection part 500 is located between the base 100 and the drainage nozzle 400 in the radial direction of the base 100. Among them, the inlet 401 of the drainage nozzle 400 is circular, and the drainage nozzle 400 is connected to the base 100 through the annular connection part 500. Among them, the annular connection part 500 has elasticity to allow the drainage nozzle 400 to shift relative to the base 100.
[0053] As shown in the figure, the through port 404 of the drainage channel extends beyond the inlet 401 and extends into the annular connection part 500, so that an air - vent notch 501 is formed on the inner circumference of the annular connection part 500.
[0054] According to the present disclosure, the annular connection part 500 further includes a retaining edge 502. The retaining edge 502 extends from the outer circumference of the annular connection part 500 to the inner circumference at the end of the through port 404, and overhangs on the downstream side of the air - vent notch 501 in the direction opposite to the drainage direction of the drainage nozzle 400.
[0055] According to the present disclosure, as Figure 1a and 1b shown, the radially inner side of the lid connecting portion 300 has a thread 301, and is detachably connected to the container lid 30 through the thread 301. And wherein, at least one overhanging portion 302 extending along the circumferential direction of the base 100 is further provided at the end of the lid connecting portion 300, and the overhanging portion 302 forms a stop groove 303 in the wall of the lid connecting portion 300.
[0056] As shown in the figure, a protrusion 304 is provided near the opening of the stop groove. The protrusion 304 protrudes towards the overhanging portion 302. One side of the protrusion 304 close to the opening is a slope, and the side of the protrusion 304 away from the opening is stepped.
[0057] As Figure 1a and Figure 1b shown, a container according to the present disclosure includes: a container body 20, a container lid 30, and the above-mentioned flow guiding adapter 10. Wherein, the container body 20 is connected to the container connecting portion 200 of the flow guiding adapter 10, and the container lid 30 is connected to the lid connecting portion 300 of the flow guiding adapter 10.
[0058] The flow guiding adapter provided according to the foregoing various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure has the following advantages: completely avoiding the problem that the flow guiding nozzles of the flow guiding adapter are nested with each other or even stuck with each other, eliminating the manual sorting link, improving the production efficiency, reducing the production cost, and at the same time, there is no need to make a large change to the structure of the existing flow guiding adapter.
[0059] The dimensions and values described herein should not be construed as strictly limited to the exact numerical values cited. On the contrary, unless otherwise specified, each dimension is intended to represent the recited value and a functionally equivalent range around that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "30.5°" is intended to represent "about 30.5°".
[0060] Although some embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A drainage adapter (10), comprising: A cylindrical base (100), wherein the base (100) is provided with a container connection portion (200) and a cover connection portion (300) on both sides in the axial direction; and A drainage nozzle (400), the drainage nozzle (400) being located radially inward of the base (100), the center line of the drainage nozzle (400) coinciding with the center line of the base (100), and in the axial direction of the base (100), an inlet (401) is provided at one end of the drainage nozzle (400) close to the container connection portion (200), and an outlet (402) is provided at the other end close to the cover connection portion (300), and a drainage channel connected to the inlet (401) and the outlet (402) is provided on the inner side of the drainage nozzle (400), and a plurality of convex ribs (403) extending along the drainage direction of the drainage nozzle (400) are provided on the inner wall of the drainage channel.
2. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 1, wherein: The convex rib (403) is slender, and the height of the convex rib (403) gradually decreases along the drainage direction.
3. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The convex ribs (403) are arranged to be distributed symmetrically with respect to a cross section along the center line of the drainage channel.
4. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 3, wherein: The number of the convex ribs (403) is 4-8, and 2-4 convex ribs (403) are distributed on each side of a cross section of the drainage channel along the center line. With the center line as the center of the circle, the 2-4 convex ribs (403) respectively form a central angle ranging from 0° to 70.2°, 25.4° to 116°, or 105° to 135° with the cross section of the drainage channel along the center line.
5. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 3, wherein: The number of the convex ribs (403) is 6, and three convex ribs (403) are distributed on each side of a cross section of the drainage channel along the center line. With the center line as the center of the circle, the three convex ribs (403) respectively form central angles of 25.4°, 70.2° and 115° with the cross section of the drainage channel along the center line.
6. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 3, wherein: The side wall of the drainage channel has a through opening (404) that penetrates the entire drainage channel, wherein two of the convex ribs (403) are arranged adjacent to and parallel to the through opening (404).
7. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 6, wherein: With the center line of the drainage channel as the center of the circle, the two through side edges (405) of the through opening (404) are arranged to span a central angle ranging from 50° to 65°, and the two through side edges (405) are arranged to be symmetrically distributed relative to a cross-section along the center line of the drainage channel.
8. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 7, wherein: With the center line of the drainage channel as the center of the circle, the two through side edges (405) of the through opening (404) are arranged to span a center angle of 30.5°.
9. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The convex rib (403) comprises a plurality of mutually parallel sub-convex ribs (403).
10. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 6, further comprising: An annular connecting portion (500), the annular connecting portion (500) being located between the base (100) and the drainage nozzle (400) in the radial direction of the base (100), wherein the inlet (401) of the drainage nozzle (400) is circular, and the drainage nozzle (400) is connected to the base (100) via the annular connecting portion (500), wherein the annular connecting portion (500) is elastic so as to allow the drainage nozzle (400) to shift relative to the base (100).
11. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 10, wherein: The through opening (404) of the drainage channel extends beyond the inlet (401) and extends into the annular connecting portion (500), so that a ventilation recess (501) is formed on the inner circumference of the annular connecting portion (500).
12. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 11, wherein: The annular connecting portion (500) further comprises a retaining eave (502), wherein the retaining eave (502) extends from the outer periphery of the annular connecting portion (500) to the inner periphery of the annular connecting portion (500) at the end of the through-opening (404), and cantilevers on the downstream side of the ventilation recess (501) in a direction opposite to the drainage direction of the drainage nozzle (400).
13. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 1, wherein: The drainage nozzle (400) is a tongue-shaped piece, and the drainage channel is formed by rolling the tongue-shaped piece.
14. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 1, wherein: The radial inner side of the cover connecting portion (300) has a thread (301) and is detachably connected to the container cover via the thread (301), and the end of the cover connecting portion (300) is also provided with at least one overhang portion (302) extending along the circumference of the base (100), and the overhang portion (302) forms a stop groove (303) in the wall of the cover connecting portion (300).
15. The drainage adapter (10) according to claim 14, wherein: The stop groove (303) is provided with a protrusion (304) near the opening, the protrusion protruding toward the overhanging portion (302), a side of the protrusion close to the opening is a slope, and a side of the protrusion away from the opening is a step-shaped.
16. A container comprising: Container body (20); Container cover (30); as well as The drainage adapter (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 15; The container body (20) is connected to the container connection portion (200) of the drainage adapter (10), and the container cover (30) is connected to the cover connection portion (300) of the drainage adapter (10).
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