Tailing pond dam break simulation experiment device

Abstract

The tailing pond dam break simulation experiment device comprises a supporting frame, a simulation base body and a monitoring assembly, a substrate layer is fixed in the simulation base body, measuring holes are evenly formed in the substrate layer, an opening area is arranged on the front side of the simulation base body, and a dam body mounting platform is arranged at the opening area; a ditch bed channel is fixed to the front side of the dam body mounting platform in a butt joint mode. The supporting frame is arranged on the rear side of the simulation base body, and a rainfall assembly and a tailing discharging assembly are arranged on the supporting frame. High-precision simulation of the dam break process of the tailing pond in different regional environments can be achieved, the adjustable rainfall assembly and the tailing discharge assembly are combined, the influence of different rainfall conditions and discharge outlet positions on the stability of the tailing pond is simulated, the device integrates a multi-dimensional monitoring system, data such as displacement, infiltration lines and flow are collected in real time, and real-time monitoring of the dam break process of the tailing pond is achieved. A scientific basis is provided for stability analysis of the tailings pond.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine ecological environment engineering, and particularly relates to a tailings reservoir dam-break simulation experimental device. Background Art

[0002] For the analysis of the stability of the tailings dam body, at present, the mine geotechnical engineering field mainly focuses on on-site exploration, numerical simulation, indoor dam-building experiments, etc. However, due to the fact that on-site exploration requires a large amount of manpower, material resources, and financial resources, the cost is relatively high. Numerical simulation can analyze the simulated object idealistically, but corresponding boundary conditions and values need to be set, which has certain limitations. Therefore, indoor dam-building experiments are a viable means. Indoor dam-building experiments can simulate the unstable state of the dam body according to the actual on-site conditions and provide reliable data support for the analysis of the cause of stability.

[0003] For example, the patent "202010469262.8" discloses a tailings reservoir dam-break simulation system and method, including a tailings reservoir area, a tailings reservoir channel, a downstream river channel, a water supply device, a rainfall device, and a monitoring device. The tailings reservoir area is located upstream of the tailings reservoir channel, and the tailings reservoir channel is located upstream of the downstream river channel. The water supply device is used to provide the incoming water of the tailings reservoir area and the upstream of the downstream river channel. The rainfall device is used to simulate the impact of rainfall on the dam-break of the tailings reservoir. The monitoring device is used to monitor the changes in flow rate, water quality, and images during the dam-break process of the tailings reservoir in real time.

[0004] However, the existing tailings reservoir experimental simulation devices still have the following defects: (1) The geomorphic conditions of tailings reservoirs in different regional environments are different, and the existing experimental simulation devices can only conduct structural simulations on a single tailings reservoir environment and cannot adapt to the environments of tailings reservoirs in different regional environments; (2) The discharge port positions of tailings are also different under different geomorphic environments, so the sedimentation forms of tailings accumulated in the reservoir area are also different, which affects the phreatic line and also has an impact on the migration amount of the dam body. However, there is little research on this in the existing technology; (3) The existing simulation devices mainly focus on surface displacement monitoring, water level monitoring, and surface element monitoring, etc. However, there is little research on the shape of tailings and the morphological structure of the tailings dam formed inside, and the internal structural form formed by natural sedimentation. It lacks a true reflection of the dislocation and slip between tailings particles and cannot comprehensively understand the internal stability and potential risks of the tailings reservoir; (4) The existing simulation devices do not clearly describe the connection methods between the dam body, the substrate layer, and the geomorphology, making it difficult to conduct multi-model adaptability tests, and thus unable to accurately simulate the stability of tailings reservoirs in different positions and different geological conditions.

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to study a tailings reservoir dam-break simulation experimental device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tailings dam break simulation experimental device, which effectively solves the problems of the limitations of the existing single regional environment simulation, the insufficient research on the influence of the discharge port position and the deposition form, the insufficient internal structure monitoring, and the unclear model connection method.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a tailings dam break simulation experimental device, including a support frame, a simulation matrix, and a monitoring component. A matrix layer is fixed inside the simulation matrix, and measurement holes are evenly opened on the matrix layer. An opening area is provided on the front side of the simulation matrix, and a dam installation platform is provided at the opening area. A gully bed channel is butt-joint fixed to the front side of the dam installation platform; the support frame is arranged at the rear side of the simulation matrix, and a rainfall component and a tailings discharge component are provided on the support frame. The rainfall component includes a water tank, a drain pipe, a spray head, and a spray frame. The spray frame is parallel to the upper part of the simulation matrix, and its rear side is slidably installed on the support frame. The bottom of the spray frame is evenly fixed with spray heads; the water tank is arranged on the support frame and is connected to each spray head through a drain pipe; the tailings discharge component includes a storage tank and a discharge pipe. The storage tank is arranged on the support frame above the spray frame. The discharge pipe is rotatably installed at the bottom of the storage tank and is communicated with the inner cavity of the storage tank. The output end of the discharge pipe extends above the simulation matrix; the monitoring component includes a plurality of observation devices, a plurality of displacement monitoring devices, and a plurality of flow monitoring devices. The observation devices are arranged on the top of the simulation matrix for observing the image of the tailings dam break process and the migration and evolution image of water and sediment after the tailings dam break; the flow monitoring devices are respectively arranged on the simulation matrix and the gully bed channel for detecting the flow rate, flow velocity, and water level of the water body at the corresponding points before and after the tailings dam break; the displacement monitoring devices are arranged on the dam installation platform for detecting the change amount of the dam displacement before and after the tailings dam break.

[0008] Further, a friction layer is laid on the dam installation platform for installing the dam structure, and a plurality of displacement sensors are arranged on the dam installation platform for detecting the change amount of the dam displacement before and after the tailings dam break.

[0009] Further, a temporary storage box is arranged on the front side of the gully bed channel, and the opening of the temporary storage box corresponds to the middle part of the gully bed channel.

[0010] Further, a sliding seat is fixedly connected to the rear side of the spray frame, and a slide rail is fixedly arranged on the support frame in the left-right direction. The sliding seat is slidably installed on the slide rail to drive the spray frame to move in the left-right direction.

[0011] Further, the spray heads are connected in series or in parallel, and a flow meter and a control valve are arranged on the drain pipe connected to the spray heads. Both are connected to the controller, so as to monitor the rainfall simulated by the spray heads by using the controller and adjust the water pressure through the control valve.

[0012] Further, drain holes are symmetrically formed on the front side wall of the simulation matrix.

[0013] Further, the top input end of the discharge pipe is rotatably installed at the bottom of the storage tank through a rotating sleeve and is communicated with the storage tank. The pipe body of the discharge pipe bypasses the rear side of the slide rail on the support frame in a circuitous manner, and the output end corresponds to the inner cavity of the simulation matrix. An adjustment valve is arranged on the discharge pipe.

[0014] Further, a plurality of seepage pipes are uniformly inserted in the matrix layer of the simulation matrix. The drainage end of the seepage pipe is located outside the simulation matrix, and a flow sensor is arranged at the drainage end.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are as follows: The tailings dam-break simulation experiment device provided by the present invention realizes high-precision simulation of the tailings dam-break process under different regional environments through multi-regional terrain reproduction technology, a full-stage multi-parameter monitoring system, and a dynamic simulation system. Combining the adjustable rainfall component and the tailings discharge component, it simulates the influence of different rainfall conditions and discharge port positions on the stability of the tailings pond. The internal structure of the tailings pond is characterized by the ground-borehole joint detection method, and the groundwater seepage is simulated by combining the seepage pipes to reveal the correlation between the drainage capacity and the dam instability. The device integrates a multi-dimensional monitoring system to collect data such as displacement, phreatic line, and flow rate in real time, providing a scientific basis for the stability analysis of the tailings pond.

[0016] The present invention does not need to separately adjust the slope of the matrix layer for different regions. It directly realizes the rapid switching of multi-regional tailings ponds by replacing the 3D printing model, significantly improving the experimental flexibility and application range. The discharge pipe realizes multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the discharge port position through rotation and sliding on the slide rail. The storage tank can slide along the track, expanding the coverage range of the discharge port, so as to adapt to the differences in the positions of the tailings discharge ports under different geomorphic environments and accurately simulate the influence of the tailings accumulation form on the phreatic line and the dam stability.

[0017] The present invention integrates a surface displacement sensor, a phreatic line water level gauge, an internal displacement monitoring unit, a dry beach monitoring unit, etc., and combines a high-definition camera and a flow / flow velocity sensor to realize data collection in the whole stage before, during, and after the dam break, and obtain multi-parameter data such as displacement, water level, flow rate, and sedimentation form in real time, revealing the dam break mechanism and providing a quantitative basis for instability attribution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is the second of the structural schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the tailings model; Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the electrode array; Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the simulated matrix; Figure 6 Schematic layout structure diagram of the seepage pipes.

[0019] Reference numerals: 1 - support frame, 2 - simulated matrix, 21 - matrix layer, 3 - measurement hole, 4 - dam installation platform, 5 - gully bed simulation component, 6 - spraying frame, 7 - sliding seat, 8 - sliding rail, 9 - spraying head, 10 - storage bin, 11 - discharge pipe, 12 - water tank, 13 - temporary storage bin, 14 - ground electrode, 15 - borehole electrode, 16 - borehole, 17 - seepage pipe, 20 - reservoir water level monitoring unit, 30 - acoustic-optic alarm station, 40 - rainfall monitoring unit, 50 - video monitoring unit, 60 - surface displacement monitoring unit, 70 - internal displacement monitoring unit, 8 - phreatic line water level monitoring unit, 90 - dry beach monitoring unit. Specific embodiments

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Embodiment 1. This embodiment aims to provide a tailings dam breach simulation experiment device for simulating tailings dams and geographical environments in different regional environments, realizing the simulation of different tailings dam breach modes. Existing tailings dam experiment simulation devices can only simulate tailings dams in a single geographical environment and cannot adaptively switch to simulate tailings dam reservoir areas in different regions. Moreover, the connection methods between the various structures in the simulation device are not clear. In addition, previous simulation devices and monitoring systems mainly focused on monitoring surface elements. Since the formation of tailings dams takes a long time, the internal structure is unclear. Therefore, this embodiment provides a tailings dam breach simulation experiment device that can carry out the monitoring of the internal structure of tailings dams and the characteristics of the dam body, realize the research on the instability mechanism of tailings dams under breach modes, thereby providing reference and basis for the stability and ecological restoration methods of tailings dams, ensuring the safety water level of tailings dams in the actual environment, improving the protection ability of tailings dams under different rainfall conditions, and improving the intrinsic safety ability of tailings dams.

[0021] As Figure 1 and 2 shown, the tailings dam breach simulation experiment device provided in this embodiment includes a support frame 1, a simulated matrix 2, and a monitoring component. Among them, in this embodiment, the shape of the simulated matrix 2 is fixed and irregular, and a matrix layer 21 is installed obliquely inside the matrix. The matrix layer 21 is used for fixedly placing tailings to simulate the accumulation situation of an actual tailings dam. During actual implementation, the tailings dam and the surrounding geomorphic structure (such as Figure 3As shown in the figure, the geographical structure of the tailings reservoir area can be depicted and replicated through 3D printing and engraving technologies. Thus, according to the characteristics of tailings reservoirs in different regions, the corresponding geographical structure can be accurately depicted, enabling the shape of the tailings reservoir model to match the structure of the substrate layer 21. Specifically, a topographic model of the tailings reservoir is constructed through 3D printing technology, including slopes and other geomorphic features. By adjusting the printing parameters, the slope and topographic changes can be flexibly adjusted. Therefore, when assembling tailings models from different regions, there is no need to make adaptive adjustments to the slope. The scaled-down tailings model can be directly and adaptively combined with the substrate layer 21 and fixed to the substrate layer 21 through fixing means such as bolts. This avoids the limitation that traditional experimental devices can only simulate tailings reservoirs in a single region, greatly enhancing the application scope and flexibility of the experimental device.

[0022] As Figure 1 shown, an opening area is also provided on the front side of the simulation matrix 2. A dam installation platform 4 is provided at the opening area. Thus, when the tailings reservoir area model is installed on the substrate layer 21, a dam needs to be installed in its downstream area to intercept the tailings water and sand in the reservoir. Therefore, the dam can be installed on the dam installation platform 4. In a specific structure, a friction layer such as mortar is laid on the dam installation platform 4. After the dam structure is printed through 3D printing technology, the left and right sides are respectively connected to the surrounding slope structures, and the bottom is adhesively bonded to the dam installation platform 4 through mortar. At least two displacement sensors are also provided on this platform to detect the displacement change amount of the dam before and after the collapse of the tailings reservoir.

[0023] A gully bed simulation component 5 is butt-jointed and fixed to the front side of the dam installation platform 4 to simulate the influence of the downstream topography and geomorphology on the trend of tailings when the tailings reservoir collapses. In this embodiment, the main body of the gully bed simulation component 5 adopts a channel structure with an adjustable slope, and the material is a transparent or semi-transparent wear-resistant material (such as plexiglass), which is convenient for observing the tailings flow process. A lifting hydraulic cylinder is provided on one side of the bottom of the channel close to the simulation matrix 2 to simulate the gully bed slope under different terrain conditions. A scaled-down model of the downstream topography, including geomorphic features such as the bending, bifurcation, and steep slopes of the gully bed, can be made through 3D printing or engraving technology inside the channel. The topographic model can be modularly designed and adaptively fixed and pasted inside the channel for easy replacement and adjustment to adapt to different experimental scenarios. A temporary storage box 13 is correspondingly connected to the front side of the gully bed simulation component 5. Thus, when the dam collapses, the tailings rush over the dam and flow along the gully bed simulation component 5, and finally fall into the temporary storage box 13 for collection. In addition, multiple flow monitoring devices in the monitoring component, including flow meters, velocity meters, and water level meters arranged on the top of the channel structure, are used to monitor the flow rate, velocity, and water level changes of the tailings flow in real time. High-definition cameras can also be installed on both sides of the top of the channel to record the path and deposition form of the tailings flow.

[0024] As Figure 1 and2 As shown, the support frame 1 is arranged on the rear side of the simulation base 2, and a rainfall component and a tailings discharge component are arranged on the support frame 1. On the one hand, the rainfall component is used to simulate different rainfall functions, that is, to achieve rainfall simulations of different rainfall intensities and rainfall durations, and to simulate the impact of floods of different frequencies on the change of wet beach area in the reservoir area and the water level in front of the dam through rainfall, and then the monitoring component is used to observe rainfall, dry and wet beach area and surface runoff. On the other hand, when facing tailings simulations in different regions, the positions of tailings discharge ports in different geographical environments are different, and the specific point of tailings discharge can be adaptively changed by rotating the discharge pipe 11 in the tailings discharge component.

[0025] In the specific structure, the rainfall component in this embodiment includes a water tank 12, a drainage pipe, a spray head 9 and a spray frame 6, wherein the spray frame 6 is a rectangular frame structure, cross bars are evenly distributed on the spray frame 6, and the spray heads 9 are evenly fixed at the bottom of the cross bars. The rear side of the spray frame 6 is fixedly connected to the slide 7, and a slide rail 8 is fixed on the support frame 1 along the left and right directions. The slide 7 is slidably installed on the slide rail 8, so that the spray frame 6 can be driven to move along the left and right directions, which can avoid interference with it when changing different tailings pond models. A water tank 12 is also fixedly installed on the rear side wall of the support frame 1. A water pump is provided in the water tank 12. Water is pumped from the water tank 12 through a drainage pipe (not shown in the figure) and then transported to each spray head 9. Then, the spray head 9 is used to spray water to the tailings pond in the simulated matrix 2, thereby simulating the rainfall function.

[0026] Furthermore, in actual application, each sprinkler head 9 is connected in series or in parallel, and a flow meter and a control valve are arranged on the drainage pipe between the water pump and the sprinkler head 9, both of which are connected to the controller, so that the controller can be used to monitor the rainfall simulated by the sprinkler head 9, and the water pressure can be adjusted by controlling the valve to simulate different weather conditions such as light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain. Figure 1 As shown, during simulated rainfall, since the spray rack 6 covers the entire upper area of ​​the simulated substrate 2, part of the flowing water falls into the tailings area, and part of it gathers in the slope of the mountain around the mining area. Therefore, this embodiment also has drainage holes on the front side wall of the simulated substrate 2, so that the water sprinkled from the spray head 9 to the surrounding slope can be discharged from the drainage holes.

[0027] The position of the discharge port determines the initial accumulation point of the tailings. Different positions will lead to different distribution and deposition forms of the tailings in the reservoir area. The deposition form of the tailings directly affects the pore structure and permeability of the reservoir area, which in turn affects the position and shape of the infiltration line, resulting in changes in the infiltration line and affecting the stability of the dam body. The position and shape of the infiltration line determine the seepage field in the dam body, affecting the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the dam body. Changes in the infiltration line will affect the seepage and stress state of the dam body, and thus affect the deformation and migration of the dam body. Therefore, the present invention provides a tailings discharge component that can adapt to adjust the position of the discharge port to more accurately simulate actual conditions and provide a reliable basis for dam stability analysis.

[0028] In this embodiment, the tailings discharge assembly includes a storage box 10 and a discharge pipe 11, wherein the storage box 10 is arranged above the spray frame 6 and is installed on the support frame 1 through a base, and the top input end of the discharge pipe 11 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the storage box 10 through a rotating sleeve and is connected to the storage box 10. The pipe body of the discharge pipe 11 bypasses the rear side of the slide rail 8 on the support frame 1, and the output end is connected to the inner cavity of the simulation matrix 2. An adjusting valve is provided on the discharge pipe 11, and the discharge amount of the tailings mineral is controlled by adjusting the valve. Furthermore, a track parallel to the slide rail 8 can be set on the support frame 1, and the base at the bottom of the storage box 10 can be slidably installed on the track. When the tailings pond model is placed in the matrix layer 21, the tailings pond model can be fixed in the matrix layer 21 by bolts corresponding to the screw holes around the matrix layer 21. By rotating the position of the discharge pipe 11 and moving the storage box 10 back and forth along the track, the range of movement of the discharge port position can be increased, thereby better adapting to the discharge port position of tailings in different terrain environments.

[0029] In the specific implementation structure, such as Figure 3 The figure shows a model of a tailings pond, which can be adapted to be installed in the matrix layer 21 in the simulation matrix 2. In actual experiments, multiple monitoring units can also be installed in the model. For example, in the model, sound and light alarm stations 30 are respectively set on the slope. If the system has an abnormal situation, the sound and light alarm device will give a real-time warning; the rainfall monitoring unit 40 uses a digital rain gauge to monitor the real-time rainfall and accumulated rainfall data in the tailings pond area; the video monitoring unit 50 is used to assist in video monitoring of key hidden danger locations; the surface displacement monitoring unit 60 is used to automatically monitor the displacement and settlement of the tailings pond surface; the internal displacement monitoring unit 70 is used to monitor the displacement and settlement inside the tailings pond; the infiltration line water level monitoring unit 8 uses a water level gauge to automatically monitor the water level of the slope infiltration line; the dry beach monitoring unit 90 is used to monitor the material level height changes at the top and bottom of the dry beach slope, and calculate the overall height and steepness changes of the dry beach; the reservoir water level monitoring unit 20 is used to automatically monitor the dry beach reservoir water level.

[0030] Furthermore, the experimental simulation device described in this embodiment is also provided with a monitoring component, including a plurality of observation devices, a plurality of displacement monitoring devices, and a plurality of flow monitoring devices. Among them, the observation device can be a high-definition camera, which is arranged along the circumference on the top of the simulation matrix 2 for observing the images of the tailings pond dam-break process and the migration and evolution images of water and sediment after the tailings pond dam-break; the flow monitoring devices are respectively arranged in the simulation matrix 2 and the gully bed simulation component 5 for detecting the flow rate, flow velocity, and water level of the water body at the corresponding positions before and after the tailings pond dam-break; the displacement monitoring devices are arranged on the dam installation platform 4 for detecting the change amount of the dam displacement before and after the tailings pond dam-break.

[0031] By introducing a plurality of monitoring units, the model of this embodiment has established a multi-dimensional and all-round monitoring system for the tailings pond dam-break process, involving the data collection and analysis in all stages before, during, and after the dam-break, covering multiple key parameters such as the physical stability of the tailings pond (such as displacement and phreatic line level), external environmental impacts (such as rainfall and confluence conditions), and disaster evolution processes (such as flow velocity, flow rate, and migration path). This multi-parameter and multi-stage monitoring method can collect multiple key indicators in real time and automatically during the experiment, avoiding the low efficiency problems of relying on manual observation and single-parameter measurement in traditional experiments, significantly improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of experimental data, and facilitating the comprehensive analysis of the dam-break process and its evolution law by the staff.

[0032] As Figure 1 and 4 shown, in order to accurately depict the internal structure of the tailings pond, measurement holes 3 are evenly opened in the simulation matrix 2 in this embodiment, and a method for depicting the internal structure of the tailings pond based on ground-borehole 16 joint exploration is proposed. Specifically, by using a small number of existing observation boreholes 16, without increasing the cost of boreholes 16, based on the electrode array optimization algorithm of the model resolution, according to the site characteristics, design the ground-borehole 16 three-dimensional optimization electrode array device as Figure 4 shown to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio and richer data, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the internal structure of the tailings pond detected by the resistivity method.

[0033] Due to different site conditions, in this embodiment, the numerical simulation method is used to calculate the model resolution by adding different levels of noise, compare the electrode array schemes, and summarize the electrode optimization modes under different conditions: ① only the ground device when the condition of drilling hole 16 is not available; ② direct combination of ground three-dimensional device data and cross-hole resistivity data; ③ the transmitting electrode is located on the ground, and the receiving electrodes are located on the ground and in drilling hole 16; ④ the transmitting electrode is located in drilling hole 16, and the receiving electrodes are located on the ground and in drilling hole 16; ⑤ the transmitting electrodes are located on the ground and in drilling hole 16, and the receiving electrodes are located on the ground and in drilling hole 16. For the optimization of the electrode array, after determining the device, according to the specific situation of the detection area and the acquisition parameters, based on the model resolution, design the electrode array optimization scheme to achieve the goal of obtaining a higher resolution with a small amount of data acquisition and improve the detection efficiency.

[0034] In terms of the inversion algorithm, research is carried out on the algorithm for three-dimensional inversion calculation using the apparent resistivity data sets collected by the electrode arrays at any positions on the ground and in the drilling holes. Considering the influence of terrain undulation and noise, various prior information such as drilling holes is allowed to be added as constraint conditions to obtain accurate and stable inversion results. Through numerical simulation, indoor model and field test experiments, under the comparable conditions of commercial software, compare with the inversion results of commercial software, and gradually improve the reliability and robustness of the inversion algorithm.

[0035] During the specific implementation, a ground electrode 14 array is uniformly arranged on the top of the simulation matrix 2. The electrode spacing is determined according to the model size and resolution requirements. The ground electrode 14 can be connected to the resistivity measurement device through a wire for collecting the ground apparent resistivity data; in the measurement hole 3 of the simulation matrix 2, the borehole electrodes are pre-buried, and the borehole electrodes are uniformly distributed along the depth direction of the drilling hole 16. The borehole electrode 15 can be connected to the ground electrode 14 array through a wire to form a ground-borehole combined detection system. The apparent resistivity data is collected using the ground-borehole electrode array, including the data between the ground electrodes 14, the data between the borehole electrodes, and the data between the ground and borehole electrodes. The data is collected in real time through a multi-channel resistivity measurement device and transmitted to a computer for processing. The three-dimensional inversion algorithm is used to perform inversion calculation on the collected apparent resistivity data to obtain the resistivity distribution of the internal structure of the tailings pond. During the inversion process, prior information such as terrain undulation and the position of the measurement hole can be added as constraint conditions to improve the accuracy and stability of the inversion results. During actual operation, a resistivity distribution map of the internal structure of the tailings pond can also be generated according to the inversion results to identify features such as pores, phreatic lines, and weak interlayers inside the tailings pond, and analyze the variation law of the internal structure of the tailings pond by comparing the resistivity distributions under different experimental conditions.

[0036] Furthermore, the resistivity distribution data can be combined with the data of the monitoring components to establish a relationship model between the internal structure and stability of the tailings pond. According to the changing trend of the resistivity distribution, the stability of the tailings pond can be monitored and warned in real time. Through the above method, the internal structure of the tailings pond can be characterized with high resolution, providing accurate internal structure data support for the experiment. And compared with the traditional ground method, the three-dimensional detection method provided in this embodiment can provide a high signal-to-noise ratio signal under the same power supply conditions because the borehole electrode 15 is closer to the target, significantly improving the deep resolution, overcoming the shortcoming that the resolution of the geophysical method decreases with depth, being able to collect more data, and thus obtaining a more accurate and reliable ability to characterize the internal structure of the tailings pond.

[0037] The tailings pond dam-break simulation experimental device provided in this embodiment can quantify the main causes of instability by combining internal structure characterization and multi-parameter monitoring, and can accurately reveal the dam-break mechanism. This experimental device can be adapted to different regions, rainfall conditions and terrain features, thereby promoting the standardization and engineering application of the research on the stability of tailings ponds, and realizing the high-precision, low-cost and multi-scenario simulation of the dam-break process of tailings ponds.

[0038] Example 2, on the basis of Example 1, the structure of the simulation matrix is further described in this example.

[0039] In this embodiment, the simulation matrix can also be a Figure 5 circular structure as shown. The circular structure has symmetry, can evenly distribute the accumulation and flow of tailings, and is suitable for studying the dam-break behavior and deposition morphology of tailings ponds in different directions. When simulating rainfall and tailings discharge, the circular structure can avoid the corner effect, making the experimental conditions more uniform and controllable. And the symmetry of the circular structure is convenient for arranging monitoring devices (such as cameras, sensors, etc.), and can observe the dam-break process of the tailings pond in all directions without dead angles.

[0040] Example 3, on the basis of Examples 1 and 2, this example is described centered on the differences from Example 1. Since most of the existing experimental devices only consider the action of surface water, such as mountain floods, but due to the loose medium, strong heterogeneity and spatial variation of hydraulic parameters in the tailings pond, the groundwater is discontinuous, the hydrodynamic field is complex, which is likely to cause congestion of groundwater discharge, and then lead to the rise of the groundwater level in front of the dam, and it is easy to have the risk of dam break.

[0041] Therefore, in this embodiment, a plurality of seepage pipes 17 are evenly inserted into the matrix layer of the simulation matrix, as Figure 6As shown, this can simulate the heterogeneous pore structure of the tailings pond, reproduce the discontinuity and spatial variability of groundwater seepage. The drainage end of the seepage pipe is located outside the simulation matrix, and a flow sensor is set at the drainage end (this is the prior art and will not be elaborated here). Thus, when simulating mountain floods and rainfall, water seeps into the matrix layer and then seeps out through the seepage pipe, thereby simulating the groundwater seepage of the tailings pond dam and simulating and calculating the drainage capacity of the tailings pond dam.

[0042] The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. The basic concept of the present invention is to achieve a high-precision simulation of the dam-break process of tailings ponds in different regional environments through multi-regional terrain reproduction technology, a full-stage multi-parameter monitoring system, and a dynamic simulation system. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tailings dam breach simulation experimental device, characterized in that: It includes a support frame, a simulation matrix and a monitoring component. A matrix layer is fixed in the simulation matrix, and measuring holes are evenly opened on the matrix layer. An opening area is provided on the front side of the simulation matrix, and a dam body mounting platform is provided at the opening area. A ditch bed channel is fixed to the front side of the dam body mounting platform; the support frame is arranged on the rear side of the simulation matrix, and a rainfall component and a tailings discharge component are provided on the support frame. The rainfall component includes a water tank, a drainage pipe, a spray head and a spray frame. The spray frame is arranged parallel to the top of the simulation matrix, and its rear side is slidably installed on the support frame, and spray heads are evenly fixed on the bottom of the spray frame; the water tank is arranged on the support frame and connected to each spray head through a drainage pipe; the tailings discharge component includes a storage box and a discharge pipe The storage box is arranged on the support frame above the spray frame, the discharge pipe is rotatably installed at the bottom of the storage box and is connected with the inner cavity of the storage box, and the output end of the discharge pipe extends to the top of the simulation substrate; the monitoring component includes multiple observation devices, multiple displacement monitoring devices and multiple flow monitoring devices, the observation device is arranged on the top of the simulation substrate, and is used to observe the image of the tailings pond dam burst process and the migration evolution image of water and sand after the tailings pond dam burst; the flow monitoring device is respectively arranged on the simulation substrate and the ditch bed channel, and is used to detect the flow rate, flow velocity and water level of the water body at the corresponding points before and after the tailings pond dam burst; the displacement monitoring device is arranged on the dam body installation platform, and is used to detect the displacement change of the dam body before and after the tailings pond dam burst.

2. The tailings dam breach simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dam installation platform is paved with a friction layer for installing the dam structure. A plurality of displacement sensors are arranged on the dam installation platform for detecting the displacement change of the dam before and after the tailings pond bursts.

3. The tailings dam breach simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temporary storage box is arranged at the front side of the trench bed channel, and the opening of the temporary storage box corresponds to the middle part of the trench bed channel.

4. The tailings dam break simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear side of the spray rack is fixedly connected to a slide seat, a slide rail is fixed on the support frame along the left and right directions, and the slide seat is slidably installed on the slide rail to drive the spray rack to move along the left and right directions.

5. The tailings dam breach simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sprinkler heads are connected in series or in parallel, and a flow meter and a control valve are provided on the drainage pipe connected to the sprinkler heads, both of which are connected to the controller, so that the controller is used to monitor the rainfall simulated by the sprinkler heads and the water pressure is adjusted by the control valve.

6. The tailings dam breach simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side wall of the simulation base is also symmetrically provided with drainage holes.

7. The tailings dam breach simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The top input end of the discharge pipe is rotatably installed at the bottom of the storage box through a rotating sleeve and is connected to the storage box. The tube body of the discharge pipe bypasses the rear side of the slide rail on the support frame, and the output end corresponds to the inner cavity of the simulation base. An adjusting valve is provided on the discharge pipe.

8. The tailings dam breach simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of seepage pipes are evenly interspersed in the matrix layer of the simulation matrix, the drainage ends of the seepage pipes are located outside the simulation matrix, and a flow sensor is arranged at the drainage ends.

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