A retractable grouting tube-bladder-electrode system and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a retractable grouting pipe-bag-electrode system and a method of use, which belongs to the technical field of underground geotechnical engineering and tunnel engineering. The system comprises: a grouting pipe, which is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, comprising a grouting pipe tail section, a grouting pipe middle section and a grouting pipe top section fixedly connected in sequence, and the grouting pipe middle section is provided with a grouting hole; a sliding mechanism, which is sleeved on the grouting pipe tail section and can slide along the axial direction of the grouting pipe tail section; a silicone rubber bag, which is sleeved on the grouting pipe, and one end is fixed to the grouting pipe top section, and the other end is fixed to the sliding mechanism to drive the silicone rubber bag to retract and retract through the sliding mechanism; a carbon fiber cloth electrode, which is attached to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag. The present invention combines the "bag expansion-electroosmosis method" technology, aiming to improve the reinforcement effect of soft soil layers and effectively control foundation settlement; and also solves the installation problem caused by the small diameter of the reserved grouting holes of the tunnel segments in the original reinforcement technology by setting a sliding mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground geotechnical engineering and tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to a retractable grouting pipe-bladder-electrode system and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Grouting reinforcement is a common technique for controlling foundation settlement and is widely used in scenarios such as shield tunnel structure settlement control. However, traditional grouting technology still has the following technical difficulties in soft clay strata: (1) The fluidity of the grouting fluid is uncontrollable. Excessive grouting pressure can easily lead to stratum splitting and disordered diffusion of the grouting fluid, thereby reducing the efficiency of foundation settlement control; (2) The excess pore pressure dissipates slowly. The grouting expansion disturbs the stratum and generates excess pore pressure. After the grouting is completed, the excess pore pressure continues to dissipate, causing the foundation to settle again, resulting in repeated foundation deformation; (3) The foundation reinforcement effect is insufficient. The diffusion of the grouting slurry in the low-permeability soft soil stratum is limited, and it fails to be effectively compacted. Instead, it may cause large shear strain and structural damage, and the improvement of the soil mechanical properties is limited.

[0003] Therefore, a bag expansion-electroosmosis method was proposed to achieve more efficient soft soil reinforcement. The bag's confining effect allows the ultra-long slow-setting slurry to form a stable, controllable cylindrical structure, effectively preventing disordered diffusion. When the electrodes are energized, electroosmosis promotes water flow from the anode to the cathode, reducing soil moisture, dissipating excess pore pressure, and strengthening the soil. Simultaneously, the bag's expansion compresses the soil, compensating for settlement caused by electroosmotic drainage, thereby improving reinforcement efficiency and reducing ground deformation.

[0004] In addition, in actual construction, the existing bag expansion reinforcement technology often faces the problems of small diameter of the reserved grouting holes in the tunnel segments and large initial diameter of the bag and electrode system in the grouting section. It is necessary to develop a system and operation method that can ensure the expansion amount of the bag while reducing the installation diameter to ensure that the system is easy to install and avoid damage to the tunnel structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a retractable grouting pipe-bag-electrode system, which combines the "bag expansion-electroosmosis" technology to improve the reinforcement effect of soft soil layers and effectively control foundation settlement; in addition, by setting a sliding mechanism, it solves the installation difficulties caused by the small diameter of the reserved grouting holes in the tunnel segments in the original reinforcement technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides a retractable grouting tube-bladder-electrode system, comprising:

[0008] A grouting pipe, wherein the grouting pipe is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, and comprises a grouting pipe tail section, a grouting pipe middle section and a grouting pipe top section which are fixedly connected in sequence, and the grouting pipe middle section is provided with a grouting hole;

[0009] A sliding mechanism is sleeved on the tail section of the grouting pipe and can slide along the axis direction of the tail section of the grouting pipe;

[0010] A silicone rubber bag is sleeved on the grouting pipe, with one end fixed to the top section of the grouting pipe and the other end fixed to the sliding mechanism so as to drive the silicone rubber bag to expand and contract through the sliding mechanism, and the silicone rubber bag is used to inject ultra-long slow-setting slurry;

[0011] The carbon fiber cloth electrode is attached to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag.

[0012] Optionally, the tail section of the grouting pipe and the middle section of the grouting pipe, as well as the middle section of the grouting pipe and the top section of the grouting pipe are fixedly connected by threads.

[0013] Optionally, the tail section of the grouting pipe is provided with an iron core pipe connected to the middle section of the grouting pipe, the iron core pipe is connected to one end of the soft core pipe through a conversion joint, and the other end of the soft core pipe is connected to a grouting pump.

[0014] Optionally, the sliding mechanism includes a sleeve mounted on the tail section of the grouting pipe, a grouting pipe hoop for fixing the sleeve to the tail section of the grouting pipe, a vertical waterproof gasket arranged between the sleeve and the tail section of the grouting pipe, a bag hoop for fixing the silicone rubber bag to the sleeve, an expansion bolt for fixing the sliding mechanism to the tunnel lining, a metal washer arranged between the expansion bolt and the sleeve, and a horizontal waterproof gasket arranged between the sleeve and the tunnel lining.

[0015] Optionally, one end of the carbon fiber cloth electrode is fixed to the top section of the grouting pipe through a bag hoop, and the other end is fixed to the sliding mechanism through a bag hoop; the carbon fiber cloth electrode is woven from multiple layers of interwoven carbon fiber cloth.

[0016] Optionally, the ultra-long slow-setting slurry is prepared by the following method:

[0017] providing water, cement, bentonite, and fly ash, and mixing them in a mass ratio of 10:5:3:3 to obtain a mixture;

[0018] Add 0.45% to 0.60% of carboxyethylidene diphosphonic acid as a retarder to the mixture, mix well, and obtain the ultra-long retarded setting slurry.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for using the telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step S1, assembling the telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system, specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] Step S11, connecting the top section, the middle section, and the tail section of the grouting pipe by threads and inserting the sliding mechanism;

[0022] Step S12: moving the sliding mechanism to a suitable position according to the preset length of the silicone rubber bag installation section, and tightening the grouting pipe hoop to fix the sliding mechanism;

[0023] Step S13, inserting a silicone rubber bag, and tightening one end of the silicone rubber bag to the top section of the grouting pipe and the other end to the sliding mechanism through the bag hoop;

[0024] Step S14: Cut the carbon fiber cloth electrode and connect it to the wire. Fix the two ends of the carbon fiber cloth electrode to the top section of the grouting pipe and the sliding mechanism through the bag hoops respectively. Fold the middle part and attach it to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag.

[0025] Step S15: Connect the wires connected to the carbon fiber cloth electrodes to the power supply through the reserved outlet pipe and the reserved hole; connect the iron core tube to one end of the soft core tube through the conversion joint, and connect the other end of the soft core tube to the grouting pump;

[0026] Step S2: Install the retractable grouting pipe-bladder-electrode system. The specific steps are as follows:

[0027] Step S21: inserting a grouting pipe into a predetermined grouting hole by drilling a hole with a drilling rig, or pressing the grouting pipe into the predetermined grouting hole by a penetration device;

[0028] Step S22, fixing the sliding mechanism to the tunnel lining by expansion bolts;

[0029] Step S23, loosening the grouting pipe hoop, pulling out a certain length of the grouting pipe upward, adjusting the silicone rubber bag installation section to a preset length, and then re-tightening the grouting pipe hoop to fix it;

[0030] Step S24, injecting the ultra-long slow-setting slurry through the grouting hole, and monitoring the grouting pressure, grouting speed and grouting volume in real time;

[0031] Step S25: Turn on the power supply to perform electroosmosis while grouting, and monitor the power supply voltage and current in real time.

[0032] Optionally, in step S14, the carbon fiber cloth electrodes are fixed in sections to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag using adhesive tape that becomes ineffective when exposed to water.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) Significantly improve the foundation reinforcement effect: By combining the silicone rubber bladder with the carbon fiber cloth electrode, an integrated grouting system is formed, which can not only achieve grouting expansion but also effectively promote the electroosmotic drainage of the soil. The dual effects of bladder expansion and electroosmotic drainage accelerate the dissipation of excess pore pressure and compact the soil layer, greatly improving the foundation reinforcement effect. In addition, the foundation settlement and uplift caused by electroosmotic drainage and bladder expansion are offset by each other, reducing foundation deformation, thereby achieving the effect of micro-disturbance reinforcement.

[0035] (2) Optimize the construction process and reduce installation difficulty: The sliding mechanism design makes the diameter of the grouting pipe-bag-electrode assembly smaller when not expanded, making it easier to install. At the same time, it can reach the required diameter after expansion. This design effectively reduces the construction difficulty, avoids damage to the tunnel lining, and ensures the stability of the system.

[0036] (3) Enhanced system operational flexibility and durability: By using ultra-long slow-setting slurry, the operation time during the bladder expansion and electroosmotic drainage process is extended, avoiding premature solidification of the slurry and pipe clogging, and increasing the flexibility of the construction process. At the same time, the combination of silicone rubber bladder and inert carbon fiber electrodes effectively prevents the bladder from being damaged by friction or sharp objects during construction, enhancing the stability and durability of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive work, among which:

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the retractable grouting tube-bladder-electrode system provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the retractable grouting tube-bladder-electrode system after grouting is shown;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the sliding mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 A diagram showing the state of the grouting pipe hoop provided by the present invention after being locked;

[0042] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the state of the carbon fiber cloth electrode provided by the present invention after it is cracked. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein, and that the objects distinguished by "first," "second," and the like are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects. For example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, the term "and / or" in the specification and claims refers to at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the objects connected are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a retractable grouting pipe-bladder-electrode system, including a grouting pipe 1, a sliding mechanism 2, a silicone rubber bladder 3 and a carbon fiber cloth electrode 4.

[0046] The grouting pipe 1 is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, and comprises a grouting pipe tail section 11, a grouting pipe middle section 12 and a grouting pipe top section 13 which are fixedly connected in sequence.

[0047] The grouting pipe tail section 11 and the grouting pipe middle section 12 as well as the grouting pipe middle section 12 and the grouting pipe top section 13 are fixedly connected by threads to ensure stability.

[0048] The tail section 11 of the grouting pipe is provided with an iron core pipe 111 connected to the middle section 12 of the grouting pipe. The iron core pipe 111 is connected to one end of a soft core pipe 15 via a conversion joint 14. The other end of the soft core pipe 15 is connected to a grouting pump (not shown).

[0049] The middle section 12 of the grouting pipe is provided with a grouting hole 121, the hole shape of which can be a plum blossom shape, etc., to ensure that the slurry is evenly injected into the soil layer.

[0050] The front end of the grouting pipe top section 13 is conical in design, with an outer diameter slightly larger than other parts, so as to facilitate insertion into the soil, reduce friction, and avoid damage to the silicone rubber bag 3 and the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4.

[0051] The sliding mechanism 2 is sleeved on the grouting pipe tail section 11 and can slide along the axial direction of the grouting pipe tail section 11 .

[0052] Recombination Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sliding mechanism 2 includes a sleeve 21 mounted on the grouting pipe tail section 11, a grouting pipe hoop 22 for fixing the sleeve 21 to the grouting pipe tail section 11, a vertical waterproof gasket 23 arranged between the sleeve 21 and the grouting pipe tail section 11, a bag hoop 24 for fixing the silicone rubber bag 3 to the sleeve 21, an expansion bolt 25 for fixing the sliding mechanism 2 to the tunnel lining 5, a metal washer 26 arranged between the expansion bolt 25 and the sleeve 21, and a horizontal waterproof gasket 27 arranged between the sleeve 21 and the tunnel lining 5.

[0053] The silicone rubber bag 3 is oval in shape, is sleeved on the grouting pipe 1, and one end is fixed to the top section 13 of the grouting pipe, and the other end is fixed to the sliding mechanism 2 to drive the silicone rubber bag 3 to expand and contract through the sliding mechanism 2. Specifically, one end of the silicone rubber bag 3 is fixed to the sleeve 21 through the bag hoop 24 to ensure the stability of the silicone rubber bag 3 during the grouting process.

[0054] The silicone rubber bag 3 is used to inject the ultra-long slow-setting slurry 16, and the ultra-long slow-setting slurry 16 is prepared by the following method:

[0055] providing water, cement, bentonite, and fly ash, and mixing them in a mass ratio of 10:5:3:3 to obtain a mixture;

[0056] Add 0.45% to 0.60% of carboxyethylidene diphosphonic acid as a retarder to the mixture, mix well, and obtain the ultra-long retarded setting slurry 16.

[0057] Due to the use of carboxyethylidene diphosphonic acid as a retarder, the initial setting time of the slurry can reach 80 hours, avoiding the pipe blockage caused by premature solidification of the slurry and effectively ensuring the flexibility and adjustability of the grouting process.

[0058] Recombination Figure 5 As shown, the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 is attached to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag 3.

[0059] One end of the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 is fixed to the top section 13 of the grouting pipe through the bag hoop 24, and the other end is fixed to the sleeve 21 of the sliding mechanism 2 through the bag hoop 24. The middle part of the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 is folded and attached to the surface of the silicone rubber bag 3. After grouting, as the bag expands, the electrode automatically unfolds to ensure the continuous electroosmosis effect.

[0060] The carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 is woven from multiple layers of interwoven carbon fiber cloth, has good corrosion resistance and low voltage loss, and exhibits excellent electroosmosis performance in practical applications.

[0061] The working principle of the retractable grouting tube-bladder-electrode system provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0062] The dual effects of electroosmosis and bladder expansion accelerate the dissipation of excess pore pressure in the foundation, reducing soil moisture. The expansion of the bladder compresses the soil, significantly improving the foundation's reinforcement effectiveness and effectively reducing settlement and ground deformation. When the electrodes are energized, electroosmosis causes soil moisture to flow from the anode to the cathode, further accelerating the foundation reinforcement process. Simultaneously, the expansion of the bladder compensates for ground settlement caused by electroosmotic drainage, improving the final reinforcement efficiency and reducing ground deformation associated with the reinforcement, thereby ensuring the safety of adjacent structures.

[0063] The present invention also provides a method for using the telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step S1, assembling the telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system, specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] Step S11, the top section 13, the middle section 12, and the tail section 11 of the grouting pipe are connected by threads and inserted into the sliding mechanism 2;

[0066] Step S12: moving the sliding mechanism 2 to a suitable position according to the preset length of the installation section of the silicone rubber bag 3, and tightening the grouting pipe hoop 23 to fix the sliding mechanism 2;

[0067] Step S13, inserting the silicone rubber bag 3, and tightening one end of the silicone rubber bag 3 to the top section 13 of the grouting pipe and the other end to the sliding mechanism 2 through the bag hoop 24;

[0068] Step S14: Cut the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 and connect it to the wire. Then, fix the two ends of the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 to the top section 13 of the grouting pipe and the sliding mechanism 2 through the bag hoops 24. The middle part is folded and attached to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag 3.

[0069] Step S15, connect the wire connected to the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 to the power supply through the outlet pipe and the reserved hole; connect the iron core tube 111 to one end of the soft core tube 15 through the conversion joint 14, and connect the other end of the soft core tube 15 to the grouting pump;

[0070] Step S2: Install the retractable grouting pipe-bladder-electrode system. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] Step S21: inserting the grouting pipe 1 into the predetermined grouting hole by drilling a hole with a drilling rig, or pressing the grouting pipe into the predetermined grouting hole by a penetration device;

[0072] Step S22, fixing the sliding mechanism 2 on the tunnel lining by means of expansion bolts 25;

[0073] Step S23, loosen the grouting pipe hoop 23 to release the lock, pull out a certain length of the grouting pipe 1 upward, adjust the silicone rubber bag installation section to a preset length, and then tighten the grouting pipe hoop 23 again to fix it;

[0074] Step S24, injecting the ultra-long slow-setting slurry 16 through the grouting hole 121, and monitoring the grouting pressure, grouting speed and grouting volume in real time;

[0075] Step S25 , turning on the power supply to perform electroosmosis while grouting, and monitoring the power supply voltage and current in real time.

[0076] In step S14, the carbon fiber cloth electrode 4 is fixed in sections to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag 3 using tape that becomes ineffective when exposed to water, thereby improving the penetrability of the grouting pipe 1 and preventing the silicone rubber bag 3 from being damaged by soil friction or sharp objects during the penetration process. After the soil is penetrated and grouting is carried out, the electrode expands as the diameter of the bag increases.

[0077] Among them, tapes that become ineffective when exposed to water include but are not limited to water-soluble tapes, paper-based tapes, starch-based tapes, etc.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0079] Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and systems of the present invention is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0080] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A retractable grouting tube-bag-electrode system, characterized in that: include: Grouting pipe, sliding mechanism, silicone rubber bladder and carbon fiber cloth electrode; The grouting pipe is in the shape of a hollow cylinder, and comprises a grouting pipe tail section, a grouting pipe middle section and a grouting pipe top section which are fixedly connected in sequence, and the grouting pipe middle section is provided with a grouting hole; The sliding mechanism is sleeved on the tail section of the grouting pipe and can slide along the axis direction of the tail section of the grouting pipe. The sliding mechanism includes a sleeve sleeved on the tail section of the grouting pipe, a grouting pipe hoop for fixing the sleeve to the tail section of the grouting pipe, a vertical waterproof gasket provided between the sleeve and the tail section of the grouting pipe, a bag hoop for fixing the silicone rubber bag to the sleeve, an expansion bolt for fixing the sliding mechanism to the tunnel lining, a metal washer provided between the expansion bolt and the sleeve, and a horizontal waterproof gasket provided between the sleeve and the tunnel lining. The silicone rubber bag is sleeved on the grouting pipe, with one end fixed to the top section of the grouting pipe and the other end fixed to the sliding mechanism so as to drive the silicone rubber bag to expand and contract through the sliding mechanism. The silicone rubber bag is used to inject the ultra-long slow-setting slurry; The carbon fiber cloth electrode is attached to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag.

2. The telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail section of the grouting pipe and the middle section of the grouting pipe as well as the middle section of the grouting pipe and the top section of the grouting pipe are fixedly connected via threads.

3. The telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tail section of the grouting pipe is provided with an iron core pipe connected to the middle section of the grouting pipe. The iron core pipe is connected to one end of the soft core pipe through a conversion joint, and the other end of the soft core pipe is connected to a grouting pump.

4. The telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the carbon fiber cloth electrode is fixed to the top section of the grouting pipe through a bag hoop, and the other end is fixed to the sliding mechanism through a bag hoop; the carbon fiber cloth electrode is woven from multiple layers of interwoven carbon fiber cloth.

5. The telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ultra-long slow-setting slurry is prepared by the following method: providing water, cement, bentonite, and fly ash, and mixing them in a mass ratio of 10:5:3:3 to obtain a mixture; Add 0.45% to 0.60% of carboxyethylidene diphosphonic acid as a retarder to the mixture, mix well, and obtain the ultra-long retarded setting slurry.

6. A method for using the retractable grouting tube-bladder-electrode system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, assembling the telescopic grouting tube-bladder-electrode system, specifically includes the following steps: Step S11, connecting the top section, the middle section, and the tail section of the grouting pipe by threads and inserting the sliding mechanism; Step S12: moving the sliding mechanism to a suitable position according to the preset length of the silicone rubber bag installation section, and tightening the grouting pipe hoop to fix the sliding mechanism; Step S13: inserting a silicone rubber bag, and tightening one end of the silicone rubber bag to the top section of the grouting pipe and the other end to the sliding mechanism through the bag hoop; Step S14: Cut the carbon fiber cloth electrode and connect it to the wire. Fix the two ends of the carbon fiber cloth electrode to the top section of the grouting pipe and the sliding mechanism through the bag hoops respectively. Fold the middle part and attach it to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag. Step S15: Connect the wires connected to the carbon fiber cloth electrodes to the power supply through the reserved outlet pipe and the reserved hole; connect the iron core tube to one end of the soft core tube through the conversion joint, and connect the other end of the soft core tube to the grouting pump; Step S2: Install the retractable grouting pipe-bladder-electrode system. The specific steps are as follows: Step S21: inserting a grouting pipe into a predetermined grouting hole by drilling a hole with a drilling rig, or pressing the grouting pipe into the predetermined grouting hole by a penetration device; Step S22, fixing the sliding mechanism to the tunnel lining by expansion bolts; Step S23, loosening the grouting pipe hoop, pulling out a certain length of the grouting pipe upward, adjusting the silicone rubber bag installation section to a preset length, and then re-tightening the grouting pipe hoop to fix it; Step S24, injecting the ultra-long slow-setting slurry through the grouting hole, and monitoring the grouting pressure, grouting speed and grouting volume in real time; Step S25: Turn on the power supply to perform electroosmosis while grouting, and monitor the power supply voltage and current in real time.

7. The method of use according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S14, the carbon fiber cloth electrodes are fixed in sections to the outer surface of the silicone rubber bag using adhesive tape that becomes ineffective when exposed to water.

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