Testing device and testing method for Magnus force of limited-length rotating cylinder

Abstract

The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method for Magnus force of a limited-length rotating cylinder, and the testing device comprises a testing box body, wind tunnel installation interfaces are designed at the two ends of the testing box body, the testing box body is installed in a wind tunnel system, a rotating disc is fixedly connected with the testing box body, and the bottom of an installation support is fixed in the middle of the rotating disc. A mounting plate is fixed at the upper end in the mounting bracket, the stepping driving motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, the column body is vertically arranged, the lower end surface of the column body is mounted on the mounting bracket, and an output shaft of the stepping driving motor is connected with the lower end of the column body; the six-dimensional force sensor is fixed at the lower end of the mounting bracket; the stepping driving motor is started to drive the cylinder to rotate, electric energy is converted into mechanical energy, and force generated by rotation of the cylinder is transmitted to the six-dimensional force sensor through the mounting bracket. The testing device is simple in structure, high in disassembly and interchangeability and convenient to install and maintain; according to the test method, tests are carried out according to a control variable method, and the influence of each factor on Magnus force can be effectively tested.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fluid mechanics, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder. Background Art

[0002] As an important renewable energy source, the coordinated development of wind energy with other renewable energy sources can promote the global energy towards sustainable development. Therefore, the field of wind power generation has broad prospects.

[0003] The Magnus effect refers to the phenomenon that when a fluid flow passes around a rotating body immersed in it, the fluid is accelerated in the direction of the rotation of the rotating body, resulting in a decrease in the fluid pressure on this side, and then generating a lateral lift force perpendicular to the flow direction and a drag force along the flow direction acting on the rotating body. The Magnus effect widely exists in nature and engineering applications, such as a sphere and a bullet with trajectory deviation. At the same time, due to the Magnus effect being able to generate a relatively large lift coefficient, it has been applied to the fields of wind energy utilization and renewable energy, such as Magnus wind turbines, sail rotors, and marine Magnus stabilizers. These applications mainly capture wind energy through a rotating cylinder. Therefore, in-depth testing of the Magnus force of the rotating cylinder has important engineering practical significance.

[0004] Currently, wind tunnels or water tank tests are often used to test the Magnus force. During the test, the free end of the rotating cylinder is mostly fixed in the boundary layer generated by the wind tunnel wall or the water tank wall, or end plates are set at the end of the cylinder to weaken the influence of the free end on the wake flow and mechanical characteristics. The test often focuses on the influence of factors such as the rotation ratio and the Reynolds number on the Magnus effect. However, in practical applications, the rotating cylinder usually has a finite length and has one or two free ends. When the length-diameter ratio of the rotating cylinder is small, the influence of the length-diameter ratio and the end effect on the flow around the cylinder and the aerodynamic characteristics is extremely significant and cannot be ignored. In addition, factors such as the shape of the cylinder and the wall roughness also have a crucial impact on the Magnus force in engineering applications. Few existing test devices can, on the basis of considering the influence of the end effect, simultaneously test the influence of other characteristics such as the shape structure of the rotating cylinder on the Magnus force through simple operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a test device for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder with a simple structure and convenient disassembly, and provides a test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder.

[0006] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A test device for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, comprising a cylinder, a stepping drive motor, a turntable, a six-axis force sensor, a mounting bracket, a mounting plate, and a test chamber; both ends of the test chamber are designed with wind tunnel mounting interfaces, and the test chamber is installed in the wind tunnel system through the two wind tunnel mounting interfaces. The cylinder, the stepping drive motor, the turntable, and the six-axis force sensor are all located inside the test chamber. The turntable is fixedly connected to the test chamber. The bottom of the mounting bracket is fixed in the middle of the turntable. The upper end inside the mounting bracket is fixed with a mounting plate. The stepping drive motor is fixedly installed on the mounting plate. The cylinder is vertically arranged. The lower end face of the cylinder is installed on the mounting bracket through a planar thrust bearing. The output shaft of the stepping drive motor is connected to the lower end of the cylinder; the six-axis force sensor is fixed to the lower end of the mounting bracket to detect the force generated by the rotation of the cylinder. After the stepping drive motor is started, it drives the cylinder to rotate, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The force generated by the rotation of the cylinder is transmitted to the six-axis force sensor through the mounting bracket.

[0007] For the above test device for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, a motor protective cover is arranged outside the cylinder. There is an installation gap between the upper end face of the motor protective cover and the cylinder, and the lower end face of the motor protective cover is fastened to the turntable.

[0008] For the above test device for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, an installation door for easy maintenance and repair is arranged on the front of the test chamber.

[0009] A test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder is to conduct tests according to the control variable method to test the effects of the wind speed U, the rotation speed ω, the length-diameter ratio β, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, and the surface roughness on the Magnus force. When testing the influence of the wind speed U on the Magnus force, the rotation speed ω, the length-diameter ratio β, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, and the surface roughness are controlled as invariant quantities, and different wind speeds U are set for testing. The specific process is as follows:

[0010] Step S11: Install the test chamber in the wind tunnel system;

[0011] Step S12: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, and set the wind speed U for the i-th test i , i = 1, 2... n, where n is the number of tests, and U i+1 > U i , U n = U max , U max is the maximum wind speed; conduct the first test and let i = 1;

[0012] Step S13: Turn on the stepping drive motor and set the rotation speed of the stepping drive motor, that is, the rotation speed is ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepping drive motor;

[0013] Step S14: Observe the force F output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x , F y , F z and the torque M x , M y , M z of their vector values, and record them after the values are stable; F x is the lateral force perpendicular to the wind speed direction, i.e., the Magnus force; F y is the drag force parallel to the wind speed direction; F z is the axial force along the axis of the cylinder; M x , M y , M z are the torques generated around F x , F y , F z respectively;

[0014] Step S15: Let i = i + 1, conduct the next test, and repeat Steps S13 to S14 until i > n;

[0015] Step S16: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, stop the test, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, and remove the test box.

[0016] For the above test method of the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, when testing the influence of the rotation speed ω on the Magnus force, control the length-diameter ratio β, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, the surface roughness, and the wind speed U as invariant quantities, and set different rotation speeds ω for the test. The specific steps are as follows:

[0017] Step S21: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system;

[0018] Step S22: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, and set the wind speed U and the rotation speed ω of the i-th test i , i = 1, 2... n, n is the number of tests, and ω i+1 > ω i , ω n = ω max , ω max is the maximum rotation speed; conduct the first test and let i = 1;

[0019] Step S23: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotation speed of the stepper drive motor, i.e., the rotation speed; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0020] Step S24: Observe the force F output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x , F y , F z and the torque Mx and M y and M z The vector values of are recorded after the values are stable;

[0021] Step S25: Let i = i + 1, conduct the next test, and repeat Steps S23 to S24 until i > n;

[0022] Step S26: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, stop the test, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, and remove the test box.

[0023] In the above test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, when testing the influence of the aspect ratio β on the Magnus force, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, the surface roughness, the wind speed U, and the rotational speed ω are controlled as invariant quantities, and cylinders with different aspect ratios β are replaced for testing. The aspect ratio is defined as β = L / D, where L is the length of the cylinder and D is the diameter of the cylinder. The specific steps are as follows:

[0024] Step S31: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system;

[0025] Step S32: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, and set the wind speed U and the aspect ratio β of the i-th test i , where i = 1, 2... n, and n is the number of tests; conduct the first test and let i = 1;

[0026] Step S33: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0027] Step S34: Observe the force F output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and the torque M x 、M y 、M z The vector values of are recorded after the values are stable;

[0028] Step S35: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, let i = i + 1, replace the cylinder with an aspect ratio of β i , install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0029] Step S36: Repeat Steps S33 to S35 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0030] In the above test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, when testing the influence of the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder on the Magnus force, the end shape of the cylinder, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, the surface roughness, the wind speed U, the rotational speed ω, and the length-diameter ratio β are controlled as invariant quantities, and cylinders with different cross-sectional shapes are replaced for the test. The specific steps are as follows:

[0031] Step S41: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system;

[0032] Step S42: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0033] Step S43: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0034] Step S44: Observe the vector values of the forces F x 、F y 、F z and the torques M x 、M y 、M z output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window, and record them after the values are stable;

[0035] Step S45: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, replace the cylinder with a different cross-sectional shape, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0036] Step S46: Repeat steps S43 to S45 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0037] In the above test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, when testing the influence of the end shape of the cylinder on the Magnus force, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, the surface roughness, the wind speed U, the rotational speed ω, the length-diameter ratio β, and the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder are controlled as invariant quantities, and cylinders with different end shapes are replaced for the test. The specific steps are as follows:

[0038] Step S51: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system;

[0039] Step S52: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0040] Step S53: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0041] Step S54: Observe the force F output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x , F y , F z and the torque M x , M y , M z vector values, and record them after the values are stable;

[0042] Step S55: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, remove the test box body, replace the cylinder with different end shapes, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box body in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0043] Step S56: Repeat steps S53 to S55 until i > n, then remove the test box body; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0044] In the above test method of the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, when testing the influence of the special-shaped cylinder structure on the Magnus force, the wind speed U, rotational speed ω, length-diameter ratio β, cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, and surface roughness are controlled as invariant quantities, and different special-shaped cylinders are replaced for the test. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] Step S61: Install the test box body in the wind tunnel system;

[0046] Step S62: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0047] Step S63: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0048] Step S64: Observe the force F output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x , F y , F z and the torque M x , M y , M z vector values, and record them after the values are stable;

[0049] Step S65: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, remove the test box body, replace it with a different special-shaped cylinder, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box body in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0050] Step S66: Repeat steps S63 to S65 until i > n, then remove the test box body; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0051] In the above test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder, when testing the influence of surface roughness on the Magnus force, the wind speed U, rotation speed ω, length-diameter ratio β, cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, and special-shaped cylinder structure are controlled as invariant quantities, and cylinders with different surface roughnesses are replaced for experiments. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] Step S71: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system;

[0053] Step S72: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of experiments n, and conduct the first experiment, that is, the experimental round i = 1;

[0054] Step S73: Turn on the stepping drive motor, set the rotation speed of the stepping drive motor, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepping drive motor;

[0055] Step S74: Observe the forces F x 、F y 、F z and torques M x 、M y 、M z output by the six-axis force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window, and record them after the values are stable;

[0056] Step S75: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, replace the cylinder with different surface roughness, record the experimental round as i = i + 1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0057] Step S76: Repeat steps S73 to S75 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the experiment is stopped.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The test device of the present invention includes a cylinder, a stepping drive motor, a turntable, a six-axis force sensor, a mounting bracket, a mounting plate, and a test box, with a simple structure, strong disassembly and interchangeability, and convenient installation and maintenance; the test method conducts experiments according to the control variable method to test the influence of the wind speed U, rotation speed ω, length-diameter ratio β, cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, special-shaped cylinder structure, and surface roughness on the Magnus force, and the test method can effectively test the influence of various factors on the Magnus force. Description of the Drawings

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the test device for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder installation.

[0061] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the force on the cylinder.

[0062] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the six - dimensional force sensor measuring force.

[0063] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the test device.

[0064] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross - sectional shape of the cylinder.

[0065] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the shape of the end of the cylinder.

[0066] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the special - shaped cylinder.

[0067] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cylinder with a rough surface.

[0068] In the figure, 1 is the cylinder, 2 is the motor protective cover, 3 is the stepper drive motor, 4 is the turntable, 5 is the six - dimensional force sensor, 6 is the connecting bolt, 7 is the mounting bracket, 8 is the mounting plate, 9 is the planar thrust bearing, 10 is the output shaft, 11 is the mounting bolt, 12 is the fixing nut, 13 is the fixing bolt, 14 is the first wind tunnel mounting interface, 15 is the mounting door, and 16 is the second wind tunnel mounting interface. Specific implementation mode

[0069] The following further describes the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0070] As Figures 1-5As shown in the figure, a test device for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder includes a cylinder 1, a stepper drive motor 3, a turntable 4, a six-axis force sensor 5, a mounting bracket 7, a mounting plate 8, and a test box body. The two ends of the test box body are designed with a first wind tunnel mounting interface 14 and a second wind tunnel mounting interface 16. The test box body is mounted in the wind tunnel system through the first wind tunnel mounting interface 14 and the second wind tunnel mounting interface 16. The cylinder 1, the stepper drive motor 3, the turntable 4, and the six-axis force sensor 5 are all located inside the test box body. The turntable 4 is fixedly connected to the test box body. The bottom of the mounting bracket 7 is fixed in the middle of the turntable 4. An upper end inside the mounting bracket 7 is fixed with a mounting plate 8 through a fixing nut 12 and a fixing bolt 13. The stepper drive motor 3 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 8. The cylinder 1 is vertically arranged. The lower end face of the cylinder 1 is mounted on the mounting bracket 7 through a planar thrust bearing 9. The output shaft 10 of the stepper drive motor 3 is connected to the lower end of the cylinder 1. A limit structure is designed at the connection between the output shaft 10 and the cylinder 1, and at the same time, the transmission torque can be increased. The lower end of the mounting bracket 7 is provided with bolt holes and positioning holes. The positioning holes are used to ensure the installation accuracy of the six-axis force sensor 5. The six-axis force sensor 5 is fixed to the lower end of the mounting bracket 7 through a mounting bolt 11 to detect the force generated by the rotation of the cylinder 1. The six-axis force sensor 5 separates the lift force, the drag force, and other forces, making the test results more accurate. After the stepper drive motor 3 is started, it drives the cylinder 1 to rotate, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The force generated by the rotation of the cylinder 1 is transmitted to the six-axis force sensor 5 through the mounting bracket 7.

[0071] A motor protective cover 2 is arranged outside the cylinder 1. There is an installation gap between the upper end face of the motor protective cover 2 and the cylinder 1 to prevent interference between the cylinder 1 and the motor protective cover 2 during the rotation of the cylinder 1. The design of the upper end face of the motor protective cover 2 can significantly weaken the end flow interference and ensure the test accuracy of the Magnus force. The lower end face of the motor protective cover 2 is fastened to the turntable 4 through a connecting bolt 6. An installation door 15 for easy maintenance and repair is arranged on the front of the test box body. The turntable 4 serves as a support structure and can also play roles such as maintaining the balance of the cylinder during rotation and reducing mechanical vibrations caused during the rotation process.

[0072] A test method for the Magnus force of a finite-length rotating cylinder conducts tests according to the control variable method to test the effects of the wind speed U, the rotational speed ω, the length-diameter ratio β, the cylinder cross-sectional shape, the cylinder end shape, the special-shaped cylinder structure, and the surface roughness on the Magnus force.

[0073] When testing the influence of the wind speed U on the Magnus force, the rotational speed ω, the length-diameter ratio β, the cylinder cross-sectional shape, the cylinder end shape, the special-shaped cylinder structure, and the surface roughness are controlled as invariant quantities, and different wind speeds U are set for testing. The specific process is as follows:

[0074] Step S11: Install the test box body in the wind tunnel system as Figure 5 shown.

[0075] Step S12: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, and set the wind speed U for the i-th test i , where i = 1, 2... n, n is the number of tests, and U i+1 > U i , U n = U max , U max is the maximum wind speed; conduct the first test, and let i = 1;

[0076] Step S13: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed is ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0077] Step S14: Through the wind tunnel data acquisition window, observe the vector values of the forces F x , F y , F z and the torques M x , M y , M z , and record them after the values are stable; F x is the lateral force perpendicular to the wind speed direction, that is, the Magnus force; F y is the drag force parallel to the wind speed direction; F z is the axial force along the axis of the cylinder; M x , M y , M z are the torques generated around F x , F y , F z respectively;

[0078] Step S15: Let i = i + 1, conduct the next test, and repeat steps S13 to S14 until i > n;

[0079] Step S16: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, stop the test, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, and remove the test box.

[0080] When testing the influence of the rotational speed ω on the Magnus force, control the aspect ratio β, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, the surface roughness, and the wind speed U as invariant quantities, and set different rotational speeds ω for the test. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] Step S21: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system as shown in Figure 5 ;

[0082] Step S22: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, and set the wind speed U and the rotational speed ω for the i-th test i , where i = 1, 2... n, n is the number of tests, and ωi+1 > ω i , ω n = ω max , ω max is the maximum rotational speed; conduct the first test and set i = 1;

[0083] Step S23: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, i.e., the rotational speed; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0084] Step S24: Observe the forces F x , F y , F z and the torques M x , M y , M z vector values output by the six-axis force sensor, and record them after the values are stable;

[0085] Step S25: Let i = i + 1, conduct the next test, and repeat Steps S23 to S24 until i > n;

[0086] Step S26: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, stop the test, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, and remove the test box.

[0087] When testing the influence of the aspect ratio β on the Magnus force, control the cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, special-shaped cylinder structure, surface roughness, wind speed U, and rotational speed ω as invariant quantities, and replace the cylinders with different aspect ratios β for testing. As Figure 6 shown, the aspect ratio is defined as β = L / D, where L is the cylinder length and D is the cylinder diameter. The specific steps are as follows:

[0088] Step S31: Install the test box into the wind tunnel system as Figure 5 shown;

[0089] Step S32: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, and set the wind speed U and the aspect ratio β of the i-th test i , i = 1, 2... n, where n is the number of tests; conduct the first test and set i = 1;

[0090] Step S33: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, i.e., the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0091] Step S34: Observe the forces F x , F y , F z and the torques M x , M y , M zThe vector values and record them after the values are stable;

[0092] Step S35: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, let i = i + 1, replace the cylinder with a length-diameter ratio of β i Install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0093] Step S36: Repeat steps S33 to S35 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0094] When testing the influence of the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder on the Magnus force, control the end shape of the cylinder, the structure of the special-shaped cylinder, the surface roughness, the wind speed U, the rotation speed ω, and the length-diameter ratio β as invariant quantities, and replace the cylinders with different cross-sectional shapes for testing. As Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 From left to right in, the cross-sectional shapes are a cylinder, an elliptical cylinder, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a hexagonal prism, and an octagonal prism. According to the installation relationship of the cylinder, the cylinder is divided into an effective test section l1 immersed in the fluid and an installation section l2 blocked by the motor protective cover. The specific steps are as follows:

[0095] Step S41: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system as Figure 5 shown;

[0096] Step S42: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0097] Step S43: Turn on the stepping drive motor, set the rotation speed of the stepping drive motor, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepping drive motor;

[0098] Step S44: Through the wind tunnel data acquisition window, observe the forces F x 、F y 、F z and the torques M x 、M y 、M z The vector values and record them after the values are stable;

[0099] Step S45: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, replace the cylinder with a different cross-sectional shape, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0100] Step S46: Repeat steps S43 to S45 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0101] When testing the influence of the end shape of the cylinder on the Magnus force, the special-shaped cylinder structure, surface roughness, wind speed U, rotation speed ω, length-diameter ratio β, and cylinder cross-sectional shape are controlled as invariant quantities, and cylinders with different end shapes are replaced for the test. As Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 from left to right in the end shapes are flat plate shape, hemispherical shape, ellipsoidal shape, and conical shape. According to the installation relationship of the cylinder, the cylinder is divided into an effective test section l1 immersed in the fluid and an installation section l2 shielded by the motor protective cover. The specific steps are as follows:

[0102] Step S51: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system according to Figure 5 shown;

[0103] Step S52: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0104] Step S53: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the stepper drive motor speed, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0105] Step S54: Through the wind tunnel data acquisition window, observe the force F x 、F y 、F z and the torque M x 、M y 、M z vector values output by the six-axis force sensor, and record them after the values are stable;

[0106] Step S55: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, replace the cylinder with a different end shape, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0107] Step S56: Repeat steps S53 to S55 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0108] When testing the influence of the special-shaped cylinder structure on the Magnus force, the wind speed U, rotation speed ω, length-diameter ratio β, cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, and surface roughness are controlled as invariant quantities, and different special-shaped cylinders are replaced for the test. As Figure 9 shown, Figure 9 from left to right in the cylinder structures are inverted frustum, frustum, drum-shaped cylinder, spindle-shaped cylinder, and double-spindle-shaped cylinder. According to the installation relationship of the cylinder, the cylinder is divided into an effective test section l1 immersed in the fluid and an installation section l2 shielded by the motor protective cover. The specific steps are as follows:

[0109] Step S61: Install the test box according toFigure 5 is installed in the wind tunnel system as shown;

[0110] Step S62: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0111] Step S63: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0112] Step S64: Observe the force F x 、F y 、F z and the moment M x 、M y 、M z vector values output by the six-axis force sensor, and record them after the values are stable;

[0113] Step S65: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power of the wind tunnel, remove the test box, replace it with different shaped cylinders, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface;

[0114] Step S66: Repeat steps S63 to S65 until i > n, and remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

[0115] When testing the influence of surface roughness on the Magnus force, control the wind speed U, rotational speed ω, length-diameter ratio β, cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, and shaped cylinder structure as invariant quantities, and replace the cylinders with different surface roughnesses for testing. As Figure 9 shown, according to the installation relationship of the cylinder, the cylinder is divided into an effective test section l1 immersed in the fluid and an installation section l2 shielded by the motor protective cover. The specific steps are as follows:

[0116] Step S71: Install the test box in the wind tunnel system as Figure 5 shown;

[0117] Step S72: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, that is, the test round i = 1;

[0118] Step S73: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the rotational speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotational speed ω; drive the cylinder to rotate through the stepper drive motor;

[0119] Step S74: Observe the force F x 、F y 、F z and the moment Mx , M y , M z The vector value of, and record it after the value is stable;

[0120] Step S75: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the power supply of the wind tunnel, remove the test box body, replace the cylinder with different surface roughness, record the test round as i = i + 1, install the test box body in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interaction interface;

[0121] Step S76: Repeat steps S73 to S75 until i > n, and remove the test box body; The test is completed and the test is stopped.

Claims

1. A device for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length, characterized in that: It includes a column, a stepper drive motor, a turntable, a six-dimensional force sensor, a mounting bracket, a mounting plate and a test box; wind tunnel mounting interfaces are designed at both ends of the test box, and the test box is installed in the wind tunnel system through two wind tunnel mounting interfaces; the column, stepper drive motor, turntable and six-dimensional force sensor are all located in the test box, the turntable is fixedly connected to the test box, the bottom of the mounting bracket is fixed in the middle of the turntable, a mounting plate is fixed at the upper end of the mounting bracket, the stepper drive motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate, the column is vertically arranged, the lower end face of the column is mounted on the mounting bracket through a plane thrust bearing, and the output shaft of the stepper drive motor is connected to the lower end of the column; the six-dimensional force sensor is fixed at the lower end of the mounting bracket to detect the force generated by the rotation of the column; after the stepper drive motor is started, it drives the column to rotate and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the force generated by the rotation of the column is transmitted to the six-dimensional force sensor through the mounting bracket.

2. The Magnus force testing device for a finite length rotating cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A motor protection cover is arranged outside the column, an installation gap is left between the upper end surface of the motor protection cover and the column, and the lower end surface of the motor protection cover is fastened to the turntable.

3. The Magnus force testing device for a finite length rotating cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front of the test box is provided with an installation door for easy inspection and maintenance.

4. A method for testing the Magnus force of a finite length rotating cylinder, wherein the method tests the influence of wind speed U, rotation speed ω, aspect ratio β, cylinder cross-sectional shape, cylinder end shape, special-shaped cylinder structure, and surface roughness on the Magnus force, and is implemented based on the Magnus force testing device for a finite length rotating cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and is characterized in that: When testing the effect of wind speed U on the Magnus force, the rotation speed ω, aspect ratio β, column cross-section shape, column end shape, special-shaped column structure and surface roughness are controlled as constants, and different wind speeds U are set for testing. The specific process is as follows: Step S11: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S12: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface and set the wind speed U for the i-th test. i , i = 1, 2…n, n is the number of trials, and U i+1 >U i , U n =U max , U max is the maximum wind speed; for the first test, let i = 1; Step S13: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotation speed is ω; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S14: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of F is recorded after the value stabilizes. x is the lateral force perpendicular to the wind speed direction, namely the Magnus force; F y is the resistance parallel to the wind speed direction; F z is the axial force along the axis of the cylinder; M x 、M y 、M z Around F x 、F y 、F z The torque generated; Step S15: let i=i+1, proceed to the next test, and repeat steps S13 to S14 until i>n; Step S16: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, stop the test, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, and dismantle the test box.

5. The method for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length according to claim 4, characterized in that: When testing the effect of rotation speed ω on the Magnus force, the aspect ratio β, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the special-shaped cylinder structure, the surface roughness and the wind speed U are controlled as constants, and different rotation speeds ω are set for testing. The specific steps are as follows: Step S21: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S22: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface, set the wind speed U and the rotation speed ω of the i-th test i , i = 1, 2…n, n is the number of trials, and ω i+1 >ω i ,ω n =ω max ,ω max is the maximum rotation speed; for the first test, let i = 1; Step S23: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotation speed; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S24: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of is calculated and recorded after the value is stable; Step S25: let i=i+1, conduct the next test, and repeat steps S23 to S24 until i>n; Step S26: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, stop the test, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, and dismantle the test box.

6. The method for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length according to claim 4, characterized in that: When testing the effect of the aspect ratio β on the Magnus force, the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder, the shape of the cylinder end, the special-shaped cylinder structure, the surface roughness, the wind speed U and the rotation speed ω are controlled as constants, and cylinders with different aspect ratios β are replaced for testing. The aspect ratio is defined as β = L / D, where L is the length of the cylinder and D is the diameter of the cylinder. The specific steps are as follows: Step S31: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S32: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface, set the wind speed U and the aspect ratio β of the i-th test i , i=1,2…n, n is the number of trials; for the first trial, let i=1; Step S33: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the stepper drive motor speed, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S34: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of is calculated and recorded after the value is stable; Step S35: Reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, dismantle the test box, set i=i+1, and replace the test box with a length-to-diameter ratio of β i The test box is installed in the wind tunnel system, and the wind tunnel system is started through the wind tunnel control interactive interface; Step S36: Repeat steps S33 to S35 until i>n, dismantle the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

7. The method for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length according to claim 4, characterized in that: When testing the effect of the cross-sectional shape of the column on the Magnus force, the column end shape, the special-shaped column structure, the surface roughness, the wind speed U, the rotation speed ω and the aspect ratio β are controlled as constants, and the column with different cross-sectional shapes is replaced for testing. The specific steps are as follows: Step S41: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S42: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, i.e., the test round i=1; Step S43: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the speed of the stepper drive motor, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S44: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of is calculated and recorded after the value is stable; Step S45: reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, remove the test box, replace the cylinder with a different cross-sectional shape, record the test round as i=i+1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface; Step S46: Repeat steps S43 to S45 until i>n, remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

8. The method for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length according to claim 4, characterized in that: When testing the effect of the end shape of the column on the Magnus force, the special-shaped column structure, surface roughness, wind speed U, rotation speed ω, aspect ratio β and column cross-sectional shape are controlled as constants, and the column with different end shapes is replaced for testing. The specific steps are as follows: Step S51: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S52: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, i.e., the test round i=1; Step S53: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the stepper drive motor speed, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S54: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of is calculated and recorded after the value is stable; Step S55: reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, remove the test box, replace the cylinders with different end shapes, record the test round as i=i+1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface; Step S56: Repeat steps S53 to S55 until i>n, dismantle the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

9. The method for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length according to claim 4, characterized in that: When testing the influence of special-shaped column structures on the Magnus force, the wind speed U, rotation speed ω, aspect ratio β, column cross-sectional shape, column end shape and surface roughness are controlled as constants, and different special-shaped columns are replaced for testing. The specific steps are as follows: Step S61: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S62: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, i.e., the test round i=1; Step S63: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the stepper drive motor speed, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S64: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of is calculated and recorded after the value is stable; Step S65: reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, remove the test box, replace different special-shaped columns, record the test round as i=i+1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface; Step S66: Repeat steps S63 to S65 until i>n, dismantle the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

10. The method for testing the Magnus force of a rotating cylinder of finite length according to claim 4, characterized in that: When testing the effect of surface roughness on the Magnus force, the wind speed U, rotation speed ω, aspect ratio β, column cross-section shape, column end shape and special-shaped column structure are controlled as constants, and the column with different surface roughness is replaced for testing. The specific steps are as follows: Step S71: installing the test box in the wind tunnel system; Step S72: Start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface, set the wind speed U and the number of tests n, and conduct the first test, i.e., the test round i=1; Step S73: Turn on the stepper drive motor, set the stepper drive motor speed, that is, the rotation speed ω; drive the column to rotate through the stepper drive motor; Step S74: Observe the force F output by the six-dimensional force sensor through the wind tunnel data acquisition window x 、F y 、F z and moment M x 、M y 、M z The vector value of is calculated and recorded after the value is stable; Step S75: reduce the wind speed to 0 m / s, turn off the wind tunnel power supply, remove the test box, replace the cylinder with a different surface roughness, record the test round as i=i+1, install the test box in the wind tunnel system, and start the wind tunnel system through the wind tunnel control interactive interface; Step S76: Repeat steps S73 to S75 until i>n, remove the test box; the test is completed and the test is stopped.

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