A method, device and equipment for adjusting energy of prestack slices and a storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a pre-stack slice energy adjustment method, device, equipment and storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of seismic data processing. The method comprises the following steps: forming a first data body before energy adjustment based on the seismic data migration of multiple work areas; obtaining a second data body after gain adjustment is performed on the first data body; extracting sample points in the first data body to obtain first samples, and extracting sample points in the second data body to obtain second samples; extracting envelopes of the first samples and the second samples; for each seismic trace, taking the ratio of the corresponding values of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of the seismic trace as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and taking the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces to form an initial energy adjustment coefficient body; and sequentially performing time and space direction smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient body to form a target energy adjustment coefficient body. The application realizes spatial direction energy unification, eliminates the structural false image of the splicing area, and maintains the time direction energy characteristics.

Description

A method, apparatus, device and storage medium for pre-stack lap energy adjustment Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic exploration technology for oil and gas, and specifically relates to a method, device, equipment and storage medium for pre-stack continuous energy adjustment. Background Technology

[0002] Regional comprehensive seismic interpretation and stratigraphic-lithological correlation require large-area seismic observation data, while large-profile seismic splicing and comprehensive interpretation require a seismic network spanning the entire region. Post-stack splicing can quickly and effectively form a regional seismic network; however, this method struggles to achieve reasonable transitions at intersections of different seismic lines. It can only structurally eliminate closure errors to meet the interpretation requirements of structural models, but it cannot transform data from different work areas into a unified whole that truly reflects the subsurface structure, thus hindering further detailed interpretation. Therefore, for key structural areas, pre-stack consolidation processing is necessary. Specifically, this involves uniformly processing seismic data from various work areas within the pre-stack seismic data ensemble, including defining the observation system, noise suppression, wavelet consistency processing, and energy consistency processing. Pre-stack consolidation unifies pre-stack data from different work areas into a unified whole for processing, thereby forming a complete data volume that truly reflects the subsurface structure.

[0003] Differences in energy across different regions can prevent the energy from completely canceling out at overlapping locations, generating severe migration noise, creating structural artifacts, and hindering interpreters' understanding of the area. Migration noise refers to the noise caused by differences in gather energy and velocity, resulting in the inability to completely cancel out migration arcs. Differences in gather energy have the greatest impact on the generation of migration arc energy. Meanwhile, in pre-stack tracing, a uniform energy equalization process is typically performed across the entire area to achieve energy uniformity. Currently, this energy equalization process can eliminate spatial energy differences in spliced ​​survey networks, unifying energy across the entire area, eliminating migration noise, and facilitating interpreters' understanding of subsurface structures and characterizing trap outlines. However, this method completely alters the energy characteristics over time, destroying the expression of geological significance of energy over time, and hindering interpreters' further description of lithological changes, hydrocarbon content, and other attributes.

[0004] Therefore, how to maintain the energy characteristics in the temporal direction while unifying the energy distribution in the spatial direction is one of the urgent challenges to be overcome in pre-stack bridging technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pre-stack lap energy adjustment method, apparatus, device, and storage medium to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the pre-stack lap energy adjustment scheme based on energy balance cannot retain the energy characteristics in the time direction when achieving uniform energy across the entire region.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method, the method comprising:

[0007] Seismic data from multiple work areas are unified into a single grid and then migrated to obtain the first data volume of the initial energy state.

[0008] The first data volume is subjected to time-division window gain adjustment to obtain the second data volume after gain adjustment;

[0009] Samples are extracted from each seismic trace in the first data volume profile, and all sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to that seismic trace. Samples are also extracted from each seismic trace in the second data volume profile, and all sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to that seismic trace.

[0010] Extract the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample;

[0011] For each seismic trace, the values ​​of the first and second envelope surfaces of the seismic trace are divided accordingly. The result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces are used to form the initial energy adjustment coefficient body.

[0012] The initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed sequentially in both the time and spatial directions to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0013] Optionally, the extraction of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface specifically involves:

[0014] Perform a Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope of the seismic trace;

[0015] Perform a Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope of the seismic trace.

[0016] Optionally, in the step of sequentially smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in both the time and spatial directions, the smoothing in the time direction specifically includes:

[0017] The time-direction smoothing of each sample point location in a single seismic trace is performed using the first formula, and the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point location in the seismic trace is obtained one-to-one.

[0018] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces;

[0019] The first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the N-th seismic trace.

[0020] Optionally, in the step of sequentially smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in both the time and spatial directions, after smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient body in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient body, the smoothing in the spatial direction specifically involves:

[0021] The second formula is used to smooth the spatial direction of each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at that sample point is obtained one-to-one.

[0022] The target energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample locations.

[0023] The second formula is: And it is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

[0024] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0025] Dynamic correction is performed on all pre-stack CMP gathers in all work areas, and the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained through reaction correction, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

[0026] A second aspect of the present invention provides a pre-stack lamination energy adjustment device, the device comprising:

[0027] The first data volume generation module is used to unify the seismic data from multiple work areas into a single grid and then perform migration processing to obtain the first data volume of the initial energy state.

[0028] The second data volume generation module is used to perform time-division window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain the second data volume after gain adjustment;

[0029] The sample extraction module is used to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the first data volume profile, and all sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to that seismic trace; and to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the second data volume profile, and all sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to that seismic trace.

[0030] The envelope extraction module is used to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, wherein the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample;

[0031] The initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is used to divide the values ​​of the first envelope and the second envelope of each seismic trace accordingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace. The initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces.

[0032] The smoothing module is used to smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in both the time and spatial directions to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0033] Optionally, the specific process of the envelope extraction module extracting the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface is as follows:

[0034] Perform a Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope of the seismic trace;

[0035] Perform a Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope of the seismic trace.

[0036] Optionally, the specific process of the smoothing module performing time-direction smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is as follows:

[0037] The time-direction smoothing of each sample point location in a single seismic trace is performed using the first formula, and the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point location in the seismic trace is obtained one-to-one.

[0038] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces;

[0039] The first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the N-th seismic trace.

[0040] Optionally, when the smoothing module performs temporal and spatial smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, after performing temporal smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of spatial smoothing is as follows:

[0041] The second formula is used to smooth the spatial direction of each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at that sample point is obtained one-to-one.

[0042] The target energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample locations.

[0043] The second formula is: And it is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

[0044] Optionally, the device further includes an energy adjustment module, which is used to perform dynamic correction on all pre-stack CMP gathers in all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. The reaction correction can obtain the pre-stack migration gather data volume, which will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

[0045] A third aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a pre-stack lap energy adjustment method as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0046] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0047] The above technical solution, based on the spatial smoothing envelope approach, determines the target energy adjustment coefficient volume for pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment. Compared to existing technologies, by adjusting the energy differences in seismic data from different work areas using the determined target energy adjustment coefficient volume, spatial energy consistency is achieved. Simultaneously, it eliminates structural artifacts caused by migration noise at overlapping locations in different work areas during pre-stack contiguous energy adjustment. Therefore, the energy adjustment method implemented in this invention improves overall structural interpretability. Furthermore, the original temporal energy characteristics are preserved after energy adjustment, ensuring the interpretability of lithological changes, hydrocarbon content, and other attributes.

[0048] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method implemented in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 is another schematic flowchart of the pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method implemented in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the original superimposed cross-section;

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a uniform amplitude energy level;

[0054] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a normalized overlay display of the original profile sample points and the gain profile sample points;

[0055] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an envelope surface of the first sample corresponding to the first seismic trace;

[0056] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the envelope surface of the second sample corresponding to the first seismic trace;

[0057] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the result after time-direction smoothing of the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first seismic trace;

[0058] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a target energy adjustment coefficient body;

[0059] Figure 10 shows a result of pre-stack migration using the target energy adjustment coefficient volume (used to characterize the effective suppression of migration noise at the overlapping position);

[0060] Figure 11 shows another result of pre-stack migration using the target energy adjustment coefficient volume (used to characterize the normalized autocorrelation of the time-direction energy characteristics before and after energy adjustment);

[0061] Figure 12 is a block diagram of a pre-stacked continuous energy adjustment device implemented in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0063] Method Implementation Examples

[0064] This invention provides a pre-stack lamination energy adjustment method for adjusting energy during pre-stack lamination of multiple target work areas. Referring to Figure 1, the specific implementation steps of the pre-stack lamination energy adjustment method are as follows:

[0065] S100. After unifying the seismic data from multiple work areas into a single grid, a migration process is performed to obtain the first data volume in its initial energy state. The migration refers to the process of reversing the recorded data back to its original, true spatial location during seismic data processing. The first data volume is the migrated data volume before energy adjustment. This first data volume is denoted as SECTION1-RAW. At this stage, the seismic records contain migration noise, and the energy in spatial directions is inconsistent.

[0066] It should be understood that in S100, the first step is to determine which algorithm module to use for unified grid and migration processing. However, the choice of which algorithm module to use for unified grid and migration processing is not the inventive point of this invention. That is, the method for performing unified grid and migration processing on seismic data from multiple different work areas can employ any technical means capable of migration in conventional embodiments. This invention does not specifically limit this aspect. For example, in one embodiment, seismic data processing software is used to define a unified observation system for seismic data from different work areas. After unified grid and migration processing, a first data volume is obtained. The seismic profile corresponding to the first data volume can be called the original stacked profile.

[0067] S200. Perform time-division window gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW to obtain the second data volume after gain adjustment. The second data volume is the data volume after gain adjustment of the first data volume SECTION1-RAW based on the traditional automatic gain control method. The second data volume is denoted as SECTION1-AMP. At this time, the seismic records eliminate the energy inconsistency in the spatial direction of seismic data from different work areas after stacking.

[0068] It should be understood that in S200, the first step is to determine which gain adjustment method to use. However, the choice of which gain adjustment method to use is not the inventive point of this invention. That is, the gain adjustment method can employ any technical means capable of achieving gain adjustment in ordinary embodiments, and this invention does not specifically limit this aspect. For example, in one embodiment, the automatic gain control module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform time-division window gain adjustment on the first data volume SECTION1-RAW to eliminate the inconsistency of amplitude in the spatial direction. The seismic profile corresponding to the second data volume can be called a gain stacking profile.

[0069] S300. Extract samples from each seismic trace in the first data volume SECTION1-RAW profile, and form the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace using all samples. Similarly, extract samples from each seismic trace in the second data volume SECTION1-AMP profile, and form the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace using all samples. The first sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace is denoted as CMP. N R The second sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace is denoted as CMP. N A The minimum value of N is 1, and the maximum value is the maximum number of traces in the seismic profile.

[0070] S400. Extract the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample.

[0071] For example, in one embodiment, the envelope is extracted based on the Hilbert transform method, so a specific implementation of S400 is as follows:

[0072] S401. Perform a Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of that seismic trace. The above Hilbert transform process can be expressed as En. R N (x)=|H[CMP R N (x)]|, where H[] represents the Hilbert transform function, CMP R N (x) represents the x-th sample point in the first sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace, En R N (x) represents CMP R N (x) is the envelope obtained after Hilbert transformation.

[0073] S402. Perform a Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of that seismic trace. The above Hilbert transform process can be expressed as En.A N (x)=|H[CMP A N (x)]|, where CMP A N (x) represents the x-th sample point in the second sample corresponding to the Nth seismic trace, En A N (x) represents CMP A N (x) is the envelope obtained after Hilbert transformation.

[0074] S500. For each seismic trace, the values ​​of the first and second envelope surfaces of that trace are divided accordingly. The result of this division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient for that trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces are combined to form the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume. Specifically, the corresponding division can be understood in conjunction with Figures 6 and 7: the ordinate of the point with the horizontal coordinate t0 in Figure 6 (the value of the first envelope surface at that point) is divided by the ordinate of the point with the horizontal coordinate t0 in Figure 7 (the value of the second envelope surface at that point). The ratio of these two ordinates is the initial energy adjustment coefficient for the corresponding seismic trace at point t0. The initial energy adjustment coefficient obtained at this point is an intermediate value.

[0075] S600. The initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed sequentially in both the time and spatial directions to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume, which facilitates pre-stack bridging energy adjustment.

[0076] In one embodiment, for example:

[0077] S600. The initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed sequentially in the time and spatial directions to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume, so as to facilitate pre-stack bridging energy adjustment;

[0078] One specific process of smoothing in the time direction is as follows:

[0079] The time-direction smoothing of each sample point location in a single seismic trace is performed using the first formula, and the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point location in the seismic trace is obtained one-to-one.

[0080] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample points in all seismic traces;

[0081] The first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N(x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the N-th seismic trace.

[0082] As can be seen, the preset time-direction smoothing scale can be differentiated according to the different seismic data of the target work area.

[0083] In one embodiment, for example:

[0084] S600. The initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed sequentially in the time and spatial directions to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume, so as to facilitate pre-stack bridging energy adjustment;

[0085] The specific process of smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the spatial direction after smoothing it in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume is as follows:

[0086] The second formula is used to smooth the spatial direction of each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at that sample point is obtained one-to-one.

[0087] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample locations;

[0088] The second formula is: Furthermore, it represents the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location within the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

[0089] As can be seen, the preset spatial smoothing scale can be differentiated according to the different seismic data of the target work area.

[0090] For example, in one embodiment, a preferred implementation of S600 is as follows:

[0091] S601. The time direction of each sample point position in a single seismic trace in the initial energy adjustment coefficient body is smoothed using the first formula, and the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point position in the seismic trace is obtained one by one. The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample point positions in all seismic traces.

[0092] S602. Using the second formula, the spatial direction of each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient body is smoothed, and the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at the sample point is obtained one-to-one. The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample point locations.

[0093] The first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient for the x-th sample point at the N-th seismic trace;

[0094] The second formula is: Furthermore, it represents the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location within the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

[0095] Optionally, referring to Figure 2, the pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method proposed in this invention further includes the following implementation steps:

[0096] S700. Dynamic correction is performed on all pre-stack CMP gathers in all work areas, and the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. Through reaction correction, the pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained, which will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing. Dynamic correction refers to time correction used to eliminate the normal time difference of seismic waves arriving at different receiver points. Reaction correction is the inverse process of dynamic correction.

[0097] It should be understood that in S700, the first step is to determine which dynamic correction and reverse correction methods to use, and how to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gather, thereby completing the energy adjustment. However, the choice of which dynamic correction and reverse correction methods to use, and how to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gather, is not the inventive point of this invention. That is, the dynamic correction method can adopt any technical means that can achieve dynamic correction in ordinary embodiments, the reverse correction method can adopt any technical means that can achieve reverse correction in ordinary embodiments, and the method of applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to complete the energy adjustment can adopt any technical means that can achieve the application of energy adjustment coefficients in ordinary embodiments. This invention does not specifically limit this part. For example, in one embodiment, the dynamic correction module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gather, and the energy adjustment module in the seismic data processing software is used to perform energy adjustment on the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gather.

[0098] In one embodiment, for example:

[0099] S700. Perform dynamic correction on all pre-stack CMP gathers in all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained through reaction correction, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

[0100] The target energy adjustment coefficient is applied to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gather to complete the energy adjustment. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0101] SS1. Apply the target energy adjustment coefficient to the original stacking profile to obtain the energy-adjusted stacking profile;

[0102] SS2. Using the energy-adjusted stacked profile as the model trace, energy adjustment is performed on the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gather.

[0103] Among them, the "Adjust data volume energy according to coefficients" option in the energy equalization module of the seismic data processing software can be used to apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the original stacked profile, thereby obtaining a stacked profile that eliminates the spatial energy inconsistency and maintains the original relative amplitude attributes in the temporal direction, which can be used as the model trace for subsequent energy adjustment.

[0104] This invention extracts the envelope of a first sample from the original stacked profile using methods such as the Hilbert transform, and extracts the envelope of a second sample from the gain stacked profile using methods such as the Hilbert transform. The ratio of the two envelopes is determined as the initial energy adjustment coefficient. Then, based on the concept of envelope smoothing, the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is smoothed sequentially in both the temporal and spatial directions to obtain the final target energy adjustment coefficient volume. The obtained target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to pre-stack contiguous energy processing, for example, by executing step S700. This eliminates spatial energy differences and maintains spatial energy consistency while suppressing offset noise in overlapping areas of different work zones, thereby improving structural interpretability, eliminating structural artifacts, and avoiding misinterpretations of overlapping areas by interpreters. Furthermore, the energy trend in the temporal direction is well maintained before and after energy adjustment, ensuring the interpretability of lithological changes, hydrocarbon content, and other attributes, providing strong technical support for pre-stack contiguous processing in key areas.

[0105] Taking the contiguous treatment of work areas S1 and S2 in the Tarim Basin as an example, the following details a specific application process of the aforementioned method:

[0106] 1) In the GEOEAST software, the data of work areas S1 and S2 are defined by a unified observation system. After routine processing, the original superimposed profile is obtained, as shown in Figure 3.

[0107] 2) The gain of the original superposition profile obtained in 1) is adjusted by the automatic gain control module of GEOEAST software to obtain a gain superposition profile, thereby eliminating the inconsistency of amplitude in the spatial direction. The result after gain adjustment is shown in Figure 4.

[0108] 3) Extract all sample points from the first trace in the original stacked profile to form the first sample corresponding to the seismic trace, and extract all sample points from the first trace in the gain stacked profile to form the second sample corresponding to the seismic trace.

[0109] 4) Based on the Hilbert transform, extract the envelope of the first sample and the envelope of the second sample obtained in 3), and divide the two envelopes accordingly to obtain the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first pass;

[0110] 5) Repeat steps 3) and 4) for all remaining seismic traces to obtain the initial energy adjustment coefficients for all seismic traces. The initial energy adjustment coefficients are then used to form the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume. Figure 5 shows the result of normalizing and overlaying the first sample and the second sample. Figure 6 shows the first envelope surface corresponding to the first sample of the first seismic trace. Figure 7 shows the second envelope surface corresponding to the second sample of the first seismic trace.

[0111] 6) Select an appropriate time-direction smoothing scale to smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction. For example, if the smoothing window length in the time direction is set to 100ms, the smoothing result of the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the first seismic trace in the time direction is shown in Figure 8.

[0112] 7) Select an appropriate spatial smoothing scale and perform spatial smoothing on the first energy adjustment coefficient volume obtained after time-direction smoothing to obtain the final target energy adjustment coefficient volume. For example, if the spatial smoothing window length is set to 100m, it will be represented as five traces in the seismic data, and the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is shown in Figure 9.

[0113] 8) Using the "Adjust data volume energy according to coefficient" option in the energy equalization module of GEOEAST software, the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is applied to the original stacking profile to obtain a stacking profile that eliminates the spatial direction energy inconsistency and maintains the original relative amplitude attribute in the time direction, which serves as the model trace for energy adjustment.

[0114] 9) Use the dynamic correction module in GEOEAST software to perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers in S1 and S2 work areas. Use the energy-adjusted stacking profile obtained in 8) as the model gather and use the energy adjustment module in GEOEAST software to adjust the energy of the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers.

[0115] 10) The CMP gather obtained in 9) after energy adjustment was processed by the dynamic correction module in GEOEAST software to obtain the pre-stack migration gather data volume. The migration process was performed using this data volume. The pre-stack migration results are shown in Figures 10 and 11.

[0116] As shown in Figure 10, the final migration result effectively suppressed the migration noise in the splicing area. Furthermore, in the superimposed profile after migration, the dynamic amplitude attribute value decreased from 38 dB before energy adjustment to 12 dB, achieving spatial uniformity in energy levels, thus eliminating energy inconsistencies in the spatial direction. Additionally, as shown in Figure 11, after energy adjustment, the normalized autocorrelation value of the amplitude in the time direction remained above 0.9 compared to the original amplitude, demonstrating relative amplitude-energy preservation characteristics in the time direction. Finally, comparing Figures 3, 4, 10, and 11 confirms the effectiveness of this invention in suppressing migration noise at overlapping positions, unifying energy distribution in the spatial direction, and ensuring energy characteristics in the temporal direction.

[0117] Device Examples

[0118] Referring to Figure 12, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a pre-stack bridging energy adjustment device, comprising a first data volume generation module, a second data volume generation module, a sample extraction module, an envelope extraction module, an initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module, and a smoothing processing module connected in sequence.

[0119] The first data volume generation module is used to unify the seismic data from multiple work areas into a single grid and then perform migration processing to obtain the first data volume with the initial energy state.

[0120] The second data volume generation module is used to perform time-division window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain the second data volume after gain adjustment.

[0121] The sample extraction module is used to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the first data volume profile, and all sample points of each seismic trace form the first sample corresponding to that seismic trace. It is also used to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the second data volume profile, and all sample points of each seismic trace form the second sample corresponding to that seismic trace.

[0122] The envelope extraction module is used to extract the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface. The first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample, and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample.

[0123] The initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is used to divide the values ​​of the first and second envelope surfaces of each seismic trace accordingly. The result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces are used to form the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0124] The smoothing module is used to smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in both the time and spatial directions to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

[0125] Optionally, the envelope extraction module extracts the first and second envelope surfaces in the following specific process:

[0126] Perform a Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope of the seismic trace;

[0127] Perform a Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope of the seismic trace.

[0128] Optionally, the smoothing module performs time-direction smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume as follows:

[0129] The time-direction smoothing of each sample point location in a single seismic trace is performed using the first formula, and the first energy adjustment coefficient of each sample point location in the seismic trace is obtained one-to-one.

[0130] The first energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all sample points in all seismic traces;

[0131] The first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the N-th seismic trace.

[0132] Optionally, when the smoothing module performs temporal and spatial smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, after performing temporal smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of spatial smoothing is as follows:

[0133] The second formula is used to smooth the spatial direction of each seismic trace at a single sample point in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, and the target energy adjustment coefficient of each seismic trace at that sample point is obtained one-to-one.

[0134] The target energy adjustment coefficient body is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces at all sample locations;

[0135] The second formula is: Furthermore, it represents the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location within the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

[0136] Optionally, the pre-stack continuous energy adjustment device also includes an energy adjustment module. The energy adjustment module is used to perform dynamic correction on the pre-stack CMP gathers of all work areas and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack offset gather data volume can be obtained through reaction correction, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack offset processing.

[0137] As is understood, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0138] In another aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the aforementioned computer program, it implements the pre-stack lap energy adjustment method described in the method embodiment.

[0139] The memory may include non-permanent memory in computer-readable media, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM, and the memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0140] Furthermore, when the computer program in the aforementioned memory can be implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various method embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0141] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method as described in the method embodiments.

[0142] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program that can be stored on a machine-readable storage medium. When executed by a processor, the computer program is capable of implementing the pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method as described in the method embodiments of the present invention.

[0143] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting pre-stack lamination energy, characterized in that, The method includes: unifying seismic data from multiple work areas into a single grid and then performing migration processing to obtain a first data volume with initial energy state; performing time-division window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a second data volume with adjusted gain; extracting sample points from each seismic trace in the profile of the first data volume, with all sample points of each seismic trace forming a first sample corresponding to that seismic trace; extracting sample points from each seismic trace in the profile of the second data volume, with all sample points of each seismic trace forming a second sample corresponding to that seismic trace; extracting a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, where the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of the first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of the second sample; for each seismic trace, dividing the values ​​of the first envelope surface and the second envelope surface of that seismic trace accordingly, with the result of the division serving as the initial energy adjustment coefficient for that seismic trace, and using the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces to form an initial energy adjustment coefficient volume; and performing time-direction and spatial-direction smoothing processing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume to obtain a target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

2. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction of the first and second envelope surfaces specifically involves: performing a Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace; and performing a Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

3. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the process of sequentially smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in both the temporal and spatial directions, the temporal smoothing specifically involves: using a first formula to smooth the temporal direction of each sample point location at a single seismic trace within the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, thereby obtaining the first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point location at that seismic trace; the first energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces; wherein, the first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the N-th seismic trace.

4. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the process of sequentially smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in both the time and spatial directions, after smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the smoothing in the spatial direction specifically involves: using the second formula to smooth the spatial direction of each seismic trace at a single sample point location in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, obtaining the target energy adjustment coefficient for each seismic trace at that sample point location; the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point locations; wherein, the second formula is: And it is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

5. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: performing dynamic correction on all pre-stack CMP gathers in all work areas, and applying the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. The pre-stack migration gather data volume can be obtained through reaction correction, and this data volume will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

6. A pre-stack continuous lamination energy adjustment device, characterized in that, The device includes: a first data volume generation module, used to unify seismic data from multiple work areas into a single grid and then perform migration processing to obtain a first data volume with an initial energy state; a second data volume generation module, used to perform time-division window gain adjustment on the first data volume to obtain a gain-adjusted second data volume; a sample extraction module, used to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the profile of the first data volume, with all sample points of each seismic trace forming a first sample corresponding to that seismic trace, and to extract sample points from each seismic trace in the profile of the second data volume, with all sample points of each seismic trace forming a second sample corresponding to that seismic trace; envelope An extraction module is used to extract a first envelope surface and a second envelope surface, wherein the first envelope surface is the envelope surface of a first sample and the second envelope surface is the envelope surface of a second sample; an initial energy adjustment coefficient generation module is used to divide the values ​​of the first and second envelope surfaces of each seismic trace accordingly, and the result of the division is used as the initial energy adjustment coefficient of the seismic trace, and the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the initial energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces; a smoothing module is used to smooth the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time and spatial directions in sequence to obtain the target energy adjustment coefficient volume.

7. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific process of the envelope extraction module to extract the first and second envelope surfaces is as follows: perform Hilbert transform on the first sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the first envelope surface of the seismic trace; perform Hilbert transform on the second sample corresponding to each seismic trace to obtain the second envelope surface of the seismic trace.

8. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific process of the smoothing module performing time-direction smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume is as follows: Time-direction smoothing is performed on each sample point location in a single seismic trace using the first formula, resulting in a one-to-one correspondence of the first energy adjustment coefficient for each sample point location in that seismic trace; the first energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the first energy adjustment coefficients of all seismic traces; wherein, the first formula is: Here, f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace, s is the preset time-direction smoothing scale, and f is the first energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the Nth seismic trace. N (x) is the initial energy adjustment coefficient at the x-th sample point location of the N-th seismic trace.

9. The pre-stack lamination energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the smoothing module performs temporal and spatial smoothing on the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume, after smoothing the initial energy adjustment coefficient volume in the time direction to obtain the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, the specific process of spatial smoothing is as follows: Using the second formula, spatial smoothing is performed on each seismic trace at a single sample point location in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume, obtaining the target energy adjustment coefficient for each seismic trace at that sample point location; the target energy adjustment coefficient volume is composed of the target energy adjustment coefficients at all sample point locations; wherein, the second formula is: And it is the first energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point position in the first energy adjustment coefficient volume. s' is the target energy adjustment coefficient of the Nth seismic trace at the xth sample point location, and s' is the preset spatial smoothing scale.

10. A pre-stack lamination energy adjustment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device also includes an energy adjustment module, which is used to perform dynamic correction on all pre-stack CMP gathers in all work areas, and apply the target energy adjustment coefficient volume to the dynamically corrected pre-stack CMP gathers to complete the energy adjustment. The energy-adjusted CMP gathers are used for subsequent reaction correction. The reaction correction can obtain the pre-stack migration gather data volume, which will be used as the original data volume for pre-stack migration processing.

11. An apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements a pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

12. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a pre-stack bridging energy adjustment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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