MZI structure, optical structure based on MZI structure and equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an MZI structure, an optical structure based on the MZI structure and equipment, the MZI structure comprises n layers of MZI arrays, and the n layers of MZI arrays comprise n * (n-1) / 2 MZI devices; the MZI device comprises an input end optical splitter, an output end optical splitter, a first phase shifter and a second phase shifter. An emergent arm, which is not connected with the (i + 1) th layer of MZI array, in the ith layer of MZI array is connected with an incident arm of the (i + 2) th layer of MZI array through a waveguide; and a third phase shifter is arranged on the waveguide. Therefore, the MZI structure provided by the embodiment forms an operation structure for a unitary matrix; the MZI structure receives n paths of optical signals, and then a matrix represented by the n paths of optical signals is calculated based on a unitary matrix represented by the optical device principle of the MZI structure. The operation process of the matrix is rapidly completed, the operation efficiency and speed are improved, and the processing process of data represented by the matrix is completed in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optoelectronic computing, and particularly to an MZI structure, an optical structure based on the MZI structure, and a device. Background Art

[0002] Artificial intelligence technologies represented by deep learning have developed rapidly, bringing huge changes to fields such as computer vision, autonomous driving, and natural language processing. In the signal processing process of deep learning, matrix operations can be completed based on mathematical calculations.

[0003] However, the operation efficiency and speed of matrix operations through mathematical calculations are relatively low, resulting in the inability to process the data represented by the matrix in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an MZI structure, an optical structure based on the MZI structure, and a device to solve the problem of the inability to process the data represented by the matrix in a timely manner.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an MZI structure. The MZI structure includes n layers of MZI arrays. The n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices. The MZI device includes an input splitter, an output splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. One output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the first phase shifter, and the other output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the second phase shifter. The output end of the first phase shifter is connected to one input end of the output splitter, and the output end of the second phase shifter is connected to the other input end of the output splitter; n is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0006] At least part of the output arms of the i-th layer of MZI array is connected to the input arms of the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array; i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N. The output arms of the i-th layer of MZI array that are not connected to the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array are connected to the input arms of the (i + 2)-th layer of MZI array through waveguides. A third phase shifter is provided on the waveguide;

[0007] The MZI structure is used to receive n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the n optical signals to obtain operation result information. Among them, the n optical signals represent an input matrix, and the input matrix represents data to be processed. The operation result information represents the operation result obtained by performing operations on the input matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure.

[0008] In a possible implementation, adjacent two output arms of two adjacent MZI devices in the i-th layer MZI array are connected to the input arms of the same MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array.

[0009] In a possible implementation, if n is even, the odd-layer MZI arrays in the n-layer MZI array include n / 2 MZI devices, and the even-layer MZI arrays in the n-layer MZI array include n / 2 - 1 MZI devices.

[0010] In a possible implementation, if n is even, the n-layer MZI array has n input arms. One output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array is connected to a waveguide provided with a third phase shifter, and the other output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array is connected to a waveguide provided with a third phase shifter.

[0011] In a possible implementation, if n is odd, each layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array includes (n - 1) / 2 MZI devices.

[0012] In a possible implementation, if n is odd, the input of the second-layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array is connected to a waveguide provided with a third phase shifter.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides an MZI structure, specifically for: based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array, receiving the i-th processed optical signal output by the i-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array, and modulating the received i-th processed optical signal based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array to obtain the (i + 1)-th processed optical signal; outputting the (i + 1)-th processed optical signal based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array; wherein, the n-th processed optical signal output by the n-th layer array in the n-layer MZI array is the operation result information.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array receives one optical signal among the optical signals after the i-th processing; modulating the received optical signal after the i-th processing based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array to obtain the optical signal after the (i + 1)-th processing, including: splitting the received one optical signal based on the input splitter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array to obtain a first output signal and a second output signal corresponding to the one optical signal; and based on the input splitter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, outputting the first output signal to the first phase shifter of the MZI device, and based on the input splitter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, outputting the second output signal to the second phase shifter of the MZI device; adjusting the phase of the first output signal based on the first phase shifter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array to obtain and output a third output signal, and outputting the third output signal to the output splitter of the MZI device; and adjusting the phase of the second output signal based on the second phase shifter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array to obtain and output a fourth output signal to the output splitter; wherein, the third output signal and the fourth output signal form a new one optical signal; splitting the received new one optical signal based on the output splitter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array to obtain a fifth output signal and a sixth output signal corresponding to the one optical signal; wherein, the fifth output signal and the sixth output signal form one optical signal among the optical signals after the (i + 1)-th processing.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present application provides an optical structure based on MZI, the optical structure includes a first MZI structure, an attenuator structure, and a second MZI structure; wherein, the first MZI structure is connected to the input end of the attenuator structure, and the output end of the attenuator structure is connected to the second MZI structure; the first MZI structure is the MZI structure as described above, and the second MZI structure is the MZI structure as described above; the first MZI structure is configured to receive n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the n optical signals to obtain operation result information; wherein, the n optical signals represent a first matrix, and the first matrix represents first data to be processed; the operation result information represents an operation result obtained by performing an operation on the first matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure; the attenuator structure is configured to receive the operation result information output by the first MZI structure and process the operation result information to obtain new n optical signals; the second MZI structure is configured to receive the new n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the new n optical signals to obtain new operation result information.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a circuit board, on which the above-mentioned optical structure based on the MZI structure is provided; the input end of the optical structure based on the MZI structure is connected to a laser emitter, and the output end of the optical structure based on the MZI structure is connected to a detector.

[0017] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, on which the above-mentioned circuit board is provided.

[0018] The MZI structure, the optical structure based on the MZI structure, and the device provided by the present application provide an MZI structure, wherein the MZI structure includes n layers of MZI arrays, and the n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices; for each MZI device, it includes an input splitter, an output splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. Moreover, at least part of the outgoing arm of the i-th layer of MZI array is connected to the incoming arm of the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array; the outgoing arm of the i-th layer of MZI array that is not connected to the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array is connected to the incoming arm of the (i + 2)-th layer of MZI array through a waveguide; a third phase shifter is provided on the waveguide. Thus, the MZI structure provided in this embodiment constitutes an operation structure for a unitary matrix; the MZI structure receives n optical signals, and then based on the unitary matrix characterized by the principle of the optical device of the MZI structure, operates on the matrix characterized by the n optical signals, that is, operates on both the unitary matrix and the matrix characterized by the n optical signals, so as to modulate and process the n optical signals based on the MZI structure to obtain operation result information. It can quickly complete the operation process of the matrix, improve the operation efficiency and speed, and timely complete the process of processing the data characterized by the matrix. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings here are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present application, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present application.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an MZI structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an MZI device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of another MZI structure provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of another MZI structure provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the steps for the MZI structure provided by the embodiments of the present application for specific calculations;

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of an optical structure based on the MZI structure.

[0026] Through the above-mentioned drawings, specific embodiments of the present application have been shown, and more detailed descriptions will be given later. These drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] Here, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and examples are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementation manners described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementation manners consistent with the present application. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0028] With the development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence technology has been applied to fields such as computer vision, autonomous driving, and natural language processing. In the fields of signal processing and the processing of artificial intelligence algorithms, a large number of matrix multiplication operation processes need to be completed, among which, the operation process of unitary matrices is involved.

[0029] In one example, the operation process of matrix multiplication can be completed based on a traditional chip, and the operation of a unitary matrix can be completed based on a traditional chip. The traditional chip completes the operation process of matrix multiplication and the operation process of a unitary matrix based on the operation process of electrical signals. For any matrix A, the matrix A can be decomposed into A = U * Σ * V through singular values * , where U and V are both unitary matrices, and Σ is a diagonal matrix. Among them, the operation processes for the unitary matrices U and V need to be completed.

[0030] However, in the above process, when using a traditional chip to complete the operation process of a unitary matrix, there are problems such as low operation speed and high hardware power consumption, which are difficult to support large-scale operation processes; furthermore, the efficiency of the artificial intelligence processing process based on unitary matrices is reduced.

[0031] The MZI structure, the optical structure based on the MZI structure, and the device provided by the present application are intended to solve the above technical problems in the prior art.

[0032] The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following several specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an MZI structure provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an MZI device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] As Figure 1 shown, the MZI structure includes n layers of MZI arrays. The n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices. The MZI device includes an input splitter, an output splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. One output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the first phase shifter, and the other output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the second phase shifter. The output end of the first phase shifter is connected to one input end of the output splitter, and the output end of the second phase shifter is connected to the other input end of the output splitter; n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0035] At least a part of the output arms of the i-th layer of MZI array is connected to the input arms of the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array; i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; as Figure 1 shown, in the i-th layer of MZI array, the adjacent two output arms of two adjacent MZI devices in the i-th layer of MZI array are respectively connected to the two input arms of the same MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array. Furthermore, there will be a situation where there are output arms in the i-th layer of MZI array that are not connected to the input arms of the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array. Therefore, the output arms in the i-th layer of MZI array that are not connected to the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array are connected to the input arms of the (i + 2)-th layer of MZI array through a waveguide; a third phase shifter is provided on the waveguide.

[0036] The MZI structure is used to receive n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the n optical signals to obtain operation result information; wherein, the n optical signals represent an input matrix, the input matrix represents data to be processed; the operation result information represents the operation result obtained by performing an operation on the input matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure.

[0037] Exemplarily, the present application provides an MZI structure, the structure of which includes n layers of arrays. The n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices. Wherein, n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0038] Among them, for each MZI device, as Figure 2As shown, a single MZI device consists of two optical splitters and two phase shifters. Among them, the optical splitter is composed of Figure 2 shown in the cross structure in Figure 2 and the phase shifter is shown in the rectangular box in Figure 2 . Among them, divided by the input and output of the optical signal, the two optical splitters are respectively an input-end optical splitter and an output-end optical splitter. It can be seen that the MZI device includes an input-end optical splitter, an output-end optical splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. For each optical splitter, each optical splitter includes two incident arms (input ends) and two output arms (output ends). Connected to one output end of the input-end optical splitter is the first phase shifter, and connected to the other output end of the input-end optical splitter is the second phase shifter. Generally speaking, the phase shifter is connected between the input-end optical splitter and the output-end optical splitter.

[0039] As Figure 1 shown, the arrangement of the 1st to nth layer arrays of the MZI structure is as Figure 1 shown, that is, each column of vertical MZI devices in the MZI array constitutes one layer of the MZI array.

[0040] The connection method of the n-layer MZI array is described below. Two adjacent MZIs are connected to each other through the incident arms and the output arms. That is to say, the incident arms of the MZI array at the downstream end (the (i + 1)th layer) of the optical signal are connected to the output arms of the MZI array at the upstream end (the ith layer) of the optical signal. Among them, due to the parity of n, some of the output arms of the ith layer MZI array are not connected to the incident arms of the (i + 1)th layer MZI array. Then, the output arms of the ith layer MZI array that are not connected to the incident arms of the (i + 1)th layer MZI array are connected to the (i + 2)th layer MZI array through a waveguide, and a phase shifter is added to the waveguide (as Figure 1 shown), and the phase shifter added to the waveguide is defined as the third phase shifter.

[0041] For the overall MZI structure, its input end is used to receive n optical signals, and these n optical signals represent the input matrix. The input matrix contains the data to be processed, and the optical intensity of the optical signal represents the size of the data to be processed. After the above n optical signals pass through the MZI structure in this embodiment, after the n optical signals are modulated by the MZI devices in the MZI structure, an output optical signal is obtained, and this output optical signal contains the result information of the target operation. Among them, the MZI structure in this embodiment can simulate a unitary matrix based on the physical principle of optical devices; that is, the internal operation principle of the MZI structure in this embodiment corresponds to a unitary matrix in mathematics. In the embodiment of the present application, by providing an MZI structure, where the MZI structure includes n layers of MZI arrays, and the n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices; each MZI device includes an input splitter, an output splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. And, at least part of the outgoing arm of the i-th layer of MZI array is connected to the incoming arm of the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array; the outgoing arm of the i-th layer of MZI array that is not connected to the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array is connected to the incoming arm of the (i + 2)-th layer of MZI array through a waveguide; a third phase shifter is provided on the waveguide. Thus, the MZI structure provided in this embodiment constitutes an operation structure for a unitary matrix; the MZI structure receives n optical signals, and then based on the unitary matrix represented by the optical device principle of the MZI structure, operates on the matrix represented by the n optical signals, that is, operates on both the unitary matrix and the matrix represented by the n optical signals, so as to perform modulation processing on the n optical signals based on the MZI structure to obtain the operation result information. It can quickly complete the operation process of the matrix, improve the operation efficiency and speed, and timely complete the processing process of the data represented by the matrix.

[0042] Figure 3 Structural schematic of another MZI structure provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 , Figure 4 Structural schematic of another MZI structure provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 , such as Figure 3 or Figure 4 As shown, the MZI structure includes n layers of MZI arrays, the n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices, the MZI device includes an input splitter, an output splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. One output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the first phase shifter, the other output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the second phase shifter, the output end of the first phase shifter is connected to one input end of the output splitter, and the output end of the second phase shifter is connected to the other input end of the output splitter; n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0043] The output arms of at least a part of the i-th layer MZI array are connected to the input arms of the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array; i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; the output arms of the i-th layer MZI array that are not connected to the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array are connected to the input arms of the (i + 2)-th layer MZI array through waveguides; a third phase shifter is provided on the waveguides.

[0044] An MZI structure for receiving n optical signals and performing modulation processing on the n optical signals to obtain operation result information; wherein, the n optical signals represent an input matrix, the input matrix represents data to be processed; the operation result information represents an operation result obtained by performing an operation on the input matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure.

[0045] Exemplarily, the present application provides an MZI structure, the structure of which includes n layers of arrays, and the n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices. Wherein, n is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0046] Wherein, for each MZI device, as Figure 2 shown, reference may be made to the introduction of the above embodiments.

[0047] In one example, the adjacent two output arms of two adjacent MZI devices in the i-th layer MZI array are connected to the input arms of the same MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array.

[0048] Wherein, the arrangement mode of each layer in the MZI array is related to the parity of n, and specific descriptions are made in the following cases.

[0049] In one example, if n is an even number, then the MZI arrays of the odd layers in the n-layer MZI array include n / 2 MZI devices, and the MZI arrays of the even layers in the n-layer MZI array include n / 2 - 1 MZI devices.

[0050] In one example, if n is an even number, then the n-layer MZI array has n input arms, one output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array is connected to the waveguide provided with the third phase shifter, and the other output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array is connected to the waveguide provided with the third phase shifter.

[0051] Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 3 when n is an even number, the MZI arrays of the odd layers in the n-layer MZI array include n / 2 MZI devices, and the MZI arrays of the even layers in the n-layer MZI array include n / 2 - 1 MZI devices. For example, in the case of n = 6, the number of MZI devices in the MZI arrays of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th layers is 6 / 2 = 3, and the number of MZI devices in the MZI arrays of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th layers is 6 / 2 - 1 = 2.

[0052] When n is an even number, there is a situation where the output arm of the MZI device in the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array is not connected to the input arm of the MZI device in the n-th layer MZI array. Therefore, one output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array is connected to the waveguide provided with the third phase shifter, and the other output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-th layer MZI array is connected to the waveguide provided with the third phase shifter.

[0053] In one example, if n is an odd number, each layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array includes (n - 1) / 2 MZI devices.

[0054] In one example, if n is an odd number, the input of the second layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array is connected to the waveguide provided with the third phase shifter.

[0055] Exemplarily, refer to Figure 4 as shown Figure 4 shown is the arrangement form of the MZI array when n is an odd number. For example, the case of n = 5. In this case, the number of MZI devices included in each layer MZI array is (5 - 1) / 2 = 2. Similarly, when there is a situation where the output arm of the MZI device in the n-th layer MZI array is not connected to the input arm of the MZI device in the (n + 1)-th layer MZI array, a waveguide is provided at the unconnected part and connected to the (n + 2)-th layer.

[0056] In one example, the processing process of the MZI structure provided in this embodiment can be referred to the following introduction. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the steps for the MZI structure provided in the embodiment of the present application to be used for specific calculation. As Figure 5 shown, the MZI structure is specifically used for calculation, including the following steps:

[0057] 101. Based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array, receive the i-th processed optical signal output by the i-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array, and perform modulation processing on the received i-th processed optical signal based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array to obtain the (i + 1)-th processed optical signal.

[0058] 102. Based on the (i + 1)-th processed optical signal output by the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array. Among them, the n-th processed optical signal output by the n-th layer array in the n-layer MZI array is the operation result information.

[0059] Exemplarily, the above is the process of specific calculation using the MZI structure. Specifically, first, in the n-layer MZI array, the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array receives the optical signal after the i-th processing output from the i-th layer MZI array. Based on the above optical signal after the i-th processing, the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array modulates it to obtain the optical signal after the (i + 1)-th processing.

[0060] Next, based on the optical signal after the (i + 1)-th processing, and so on, until the optical signal after the n-th processing is output after passing through the n-th layer MZI array, the optical signal containing the required operation result can be obtained. That is, the input optical signal is processed and modulated layer by layer through the MZI structure, and the calculation of the optical signal is realized by using the interference and modulation characteristics of the optical signal.

[0061] Among them, the MZI structure in this embodiment is based on the physical principle of optical devices and can simulate a unitary matrix. That is, the internal operation principle of the MZI structure in this embodiment corresponds to a unitary matrix in mathematics. After n optical signals pass through the MZI structure in this embodiment, based on each layer of MZI array in the MZI structure, the n optical signals are processed in turn, and then based on the unitary matrix characterized by the optical device principle of the MZI structure, the matrix characterized by the n optical signals is operated. That is, the operation is performed between the unitary matrix and the matrix characterized by the n optical signals, so as to modulate and process the n optical signals based on the MZI structure to obtain the operation result information.

[0062] In one example, the following steps are further included:

[0063] 103. Each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array receives one of the optical signals in the optical signal after the i-th processing.

[0064] 104. Based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array, the received optical signal after the i-th processing is modulated to obtain the optical signal after the (i + 1)-th processing.

[0065] Step 104 includes the following process:

[0066] Based on the beam splitter at the input end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, the received one optical signal is split to obtain the first output signal and the second output signal corresponding to the one optical signal; and based on the beam splitter at the input end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, the first output signal is output to the first phase shifter of the MZI device, and based on the beam splitter at the input end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, the second output signal is output to the second phase shifter of the MZI device.

[0067] Based on the first phase shifter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform phase adjustment processing on the first output signal to obtain and output a third output signal, and output the third output signal to the output splitter of the MZI device; and based on the second phase shifter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform phase adjustment processing on the second output signal to obtain and output a fourth output signal to the output splitter; wherein, the third output signal and the fourth output signal constitute a new optical signal path.

[0068] Based on the output splitter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform splitting processing on the received new optical signal path to obtain a fifth output signal and a sixth output signal corresponding to this optical signal path; wherein, the fifth output signal and the sixth output signal constitute an optical signal path in the optical signal after the (i + 1)-th processing.

[0069] Exemplarily, the above steps describe how each MZI device in each layer MZI array performs splitting, phase modulation, and after splitting processing on the optical signal, and finally obtains the output optical signal.

[0070] Regarding the principle of the input splitter, output splitter in each MZI device, the introduction is as follows: Two optical signals constitute an incident optical vector as Thus, after two optical signals pass through a splitter, it is equivalent to left multiplying the incident optical vector by a matrix where η is a preset constant, for example, η = 0.5.

[0071] Among them, the model of the splitter is 50:50. In the case of η = 0.5, the optical signal output by the splitter can be expressed as

[0072] Regarding the principle of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter in each MZI device, the introduction is as follows (and, the principle of each third phase shifter is also as follows): The phase shifter has a modulation angle of θ. After the optical signal output by the splitter enters the phase shifter, it is equivalent to left multiplying the optical signal by e iθ . Where i is an imaginary number.

[0073] Regarding the process of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter in each MZI device simultaneously processing the optical signal output by the input splitter: The input splitter outputs an optical signal The optical signal x3 in it enters the first phase shifter for processing, and x4 in the optical signal enters the second phase shifter for processing; wherein, the modulation angle of the first phase shifter is θ1, and the modulation angle of the first phase shifter is θ2; thus, it is equivalent to the optical signal Multiply a matrix on the left That is, after x3 enters the first phase shifter, the first phase shifter changes the phase of x3, that is, x3 is multiplied by e iθ1 . x4 enters the second phase shifter, and the phase of x4 is changed, that is, x4 is multiplied by e iθ2 . For the same MZI device, according to the needs in actual operations, θ of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter can be the same or different.

[0074] It should be noted that the "i" involved in the above matrix is the complex number in the mathematical concept (i 2 = -1), not the "i" representing counting mentioned in the rest of this application (such as the i-th layer, the (i + 1)-th layer, etc.).

[0075] In this embodiment, the MZI structure in this embodiment is based on the physical principle of optical devices and can simulate a unitary matrix; that is, the internal operation principle of the MZI structure in this embodiment corresponds to a unitary matrix in mathematics. The provided MZI structure meets the minimum number of devices required by the N×N order unitary matrix theory, conforms to the principle of minimum device design, has a simple MZI structure, lower loss, and stable and reliable operation; in addition, due to the addition of phase shifters in the waveguides of the MZI structure, the distribution of phase shifters in each layer of the MZI structure is more uniform, the device arrangement is more compact, the loss of optical signals in the MZI structure is more balanced, while improving the calculation stability, the integration degree of the MZI structure is improved, making it more convenient to be integrated into other devices. And, through the MZI structure formed by arranging multiple levels of MZI arrays, optical signals can be processed simultaneously in different channels, and efficient parallel computing can be achieved through the interference effect of light, which is more suitable for situations that require a large amount of parallel computing in deep computing. In addition, since the transmission speed of optical signals is much faster than that of electronic signals, therefore, the calculation method in this embodiment can achieve a faster calculation speed. When processing large-scale data sets and complex models, faster information transmission can improve the calculation efficiency, which is more suitable for scenarios that require a large amount of computing.

[0076] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of an optical structure based on the MZI structure. As Figure 6 shown, this embodiment provides an optical structure based on the MZI structure. The optical structure includes a first MZI structure, an attenuator structure, and a second MZI structure; wherein, the first MZI structure is connected to the input end of the attenuator structure, and the output end of the attenuator structure is connected to the second MZI structure.

[0077] The first MZI structure is the MZI structure as in the above embodiment, and the second MZI structure is the MZI structure as in the above embodiment.

[0078] The first MZI structure is used to receive n optical signals, modulate and process the n optical signals to obtain operation result information. Among them, the n optical signals represent a first matrix, the first matrix represents first data to be processed, and the operation result information represents the operation result obtained by operating on the first matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure.

[0079] The attenuator structure is used to receive the operation result information output by the first MZI structure and process the operation result information to obtain new n optical signals.

[0080] The second MZI structure is used to receive the new n optical signals, modulate and process the new n optical signals to obtain new operation result information.

[0081] Exemplarily, the above optical structure based on the MZI structure can implement the multiplication operation between two matrices. If you want to perform the multiplication operation between matrix A and matrix B, first matrix A can be decomposed into A = U * Σ * V by singular value * , where U and V are both unitary matrices, and Σ is a diagonal matrix. Among them, the operation process needs to be completed for both unitary matrices U and V. Next, each column of matrix B is input into the decomposed matrix A in the form of an optical signal (the intensity of the light represents the magnitude of the value), and the multiplication operation result of matrices A and B can be obtained.

[0082] The first MZI structure can represent the unitary matrix U, the attenuator structure represents the diagonal matrix Σ, and the second MZI structure represents the unitary matrix V. That is, based on the physical principle of optical devices, the first MZI structure can simulate a unitary matrix U; based on the physical principle of optical devices, the second MZI structure can simulate a unitary matrix V. The attenuator structure can simulate the diagonal matrix Σ based on the physical principle of optical devices.

[0083] The first MZI structure is used to receive an optical signal. The input optical signal represents a first matrix, and the first matrix represents first data to be processed. After the first MZI structure modulates and processes the input optical signal, the obtained operation result is input into the attenuator. The attenuator further processes the optical signal modulated by the first MZI structure to obtain a new optical signal, and then inputs this optical signal into the second MZI structure for modulation processing, and the operation result of matrix multiplication can be obtained.

[0084] The optical structure of this embodiment makes full use of the modulation and processing capabilities of the MZI structure and optical signals. By converting the matrix multiplication operation into signal processing and transmission, it has high parallel processing capabilities and flexibility, and realizes the efficient and fast calculation of matrix multiplication.

[0085] This embodiment provides a circuit board, on which an optical structure based on the MZI structure as described in the above embodiment is provided; the input end of the optical structure based on the MZI structure is connected to a laser transmitter, and the output end of the optical structure based on the MZI structure is connected to a detector.

[0086] Exemplarily, the laser transmitter is used to transmit an optical signal representing a matrix to be calculated. After the input optical signal is modulated and processed by the optical structure based on the MZI structure, the output optical signal is transmitted to the detector, and the detector can convert the output optical signal into a numerical value for further calculation.

[0087] The circuit board of this embodiment is configured with a detector that can convert an optical signal into a digital signal, so that the digital output can be directly input into a computer or other digital processing devices for subsequent data processing, storage, and analysis, facilitating further processing and utilization of the matrix multiplication result.

[0088] This embodiment provides an electronic device, on which a circuit board as described in the above embodiment is provided.

[0089] Exemplarily, this embodiment can refer to the above embodiment, and its principle and technical effects are similar, so details are not described herein again.

Claims

1. An MZI structure, characterized in that, The MZI structure includes n layers of MZI arrays. The n layers of MZI arrays include n*(n - 1) / 2 MZI devices. The MZI device includes an input splitter, an output splitter, a first phase shifter, and a second phase shifter. One output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the first phase shifter, and the other output end of the input splitter is connected to the input end of the second phase shifter. The output end of the first phase shifter is connected to one input end of the output splitter, and the output end of the second phase shifter is connected to the other input end of the output splitter; n is a positive integer greater than 1; At least part of the output arms of the i-th layer of MZI array is connected to the input arms of the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array; i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N; The output arms of the i-th layer of MZI array that are not connected to the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array are connected to the input arms of the (i + 2)-th layer of MZI array through waveguides; a third phase shifter is provided on the waveguides; The MZI structure is used to receive n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the n optical signals to obtain operation result information; wherein, the n optical signals represent an input matrix, and the input matrix represents data to be processed; The operation result information represents the operation result obtained by performing an operation on the input matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure.

2. The MZI structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two adjacent output arms of two adjacent MZI devices in the i-th layer of MZI array are connected to the input arms of the same MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array.

3. The MZI structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, If n is an even number, then the odd-layer MZI arrays in the n layers of MZI arrays include n / 2 MZI devices, and the even-layer MZI arrays in the n layers of MZI arrays include n / 2 - 1 MZI devices.

4. The MZI structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, If n is an even number, then the n layers of MZI arrays have n input arms. One output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays is connected to the waveguide provided with a third phase shifter, and the other output arm of the (n - 1)-th layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays is connected to the waveguide provided with a third phase shifter.

5. The MZI structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, If n is an odd number, then each layer of MZI arrays in the n layers of MZI arrays includes (n - 1) / 2 MZI devices.

6. The MZI structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, If n is an odd number, then the input of the second layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays is connected to the waveguide provided with a third phase shifter.

7. The MZI structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The MZI structure is specifically used for: Based on the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays, receiving the i-th processed optical signal output by the i-th layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays, and performing modulation processing on the received i-th processed optical signal based on the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays to obtain the (i + 1)-th processed optical signal; Based on the (i + 1)-th processed optical signal output by the (i + 1)-th layer of MZI array in the n layers of MZI arrays; Among them, the n-th processed optical signal output by the n-th layer of the n layers of MZI arrays is the operation result information.

8. The MZI structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array receives one optical signal among the optical signals after the i-th processing; Based on the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array in the n-layer MZI array to perform modulation processing on the received optical signals after the i-th processing to obtain optical signals after the (i + 1)-th processing, including: Based on the optical splitter at the input end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform optical splitting processing on the received one optical signal to obtain a first output signal and a second output signal corresponding to the one optical signal; and based on the optical splitter at the input end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, output the first output signal to the first phase shifter of the MZI device, and based on the optical splitter at the input end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, output the second output signal to the second phase shifter of the MZI device; Based on the first phase shifter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform phase adjustment processing on the first output signal to obtain and output a third output signal, and output the third output signal to the optical splitter at the output end of the MZI device; and based on the second phase shifter of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform phase adjustment processing on the second output signal to obtain and output a fourth output signal to the optical splitter at the output end; wherein, the third output signal and the fourth output signal form a new one optical signal; Based on the optical splitter at the output end of each MZI device in the (i + 1)-th layer MZI array, perform optical splitting processing on the received new one optical signal to obtain a fifth output signal and a sixth output signal corresponding to the one optical signal; wherein, the fifth output signal and the sixth output signal form one optical signal among the optical signals after the (i + 1)-th processing.

9. An optical structure based on an MZI structure, characterized in that The optical structure includes a first MZI structure, an attenuator structure, and a second MZI structure; wherein, the first MZI structure is connected to the input end of the attenuator structure, and the output end of the attenuator structure is connected to the second MZI structure; The first MZI structure is the MZI structure according to any one of claims 1-8, and the second MZI structure is the MZI structure according to any one of claims 1-8; The first MZI structure is configured to receive n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the n optical signals to obtain operation result information; wherein, the n optical signals represent a first matrix, and the first matrix represents first data to be processed; the operation result information represents an operation result obtained by performing an operation on the first matrix represented by the n optical signals based on the MZI structure; The attenuator structure is configured to receive the operation result information output by the first MZI structure and process the operation result information to obtain new n optical signals; The second MZI structure is configured to receive the new n optical signals and perform modulation processing on the new n optical signals to obtain new operation result information.

10. A circuit board, characterized in that, The optical structure based on the MZI structure according to claim 9 is provided on the circuit board; The input end of the optical structure based on the MZI structure is connected to a laser emitter, and the output end of the optical structure based on the MZI structure is connected to a detector.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, The circuit board as described in claim 10 is provided on the electronic device.

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