Measurement and control system of quantum computer, quantum computer and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a measurement and control system of a quantum computer, the quantum computer and a monitoring method. The system comprises a control signal generation unit, a control signal monitoring unit and a quantum analyzer, the control signal generation unit is used for generating a control signal for controlling quantum bits in a quantum processing unit of the quantum computer; the input end of the control signal monitoring unit is connected with the control signal generation unit, and the output end is connected with the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit. The control unit is used for coupling out a part of the control signal, demodulating the control signal, outputting the demodulated control signal to the quantum analyzer, and outputting the rest control signals to the quantum processing unit to control quantum bits; and the quantum analyzer is used for collecting and analyzing the demodulated signal output by the control signal monitoring unit. According to the invention, the real-time monitoring of the control signal can be realized, and in the monitoring process, the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer does not need to be additionally changed, so that the risk of misconnection possibly existing in the recovery circuit after inspection is also avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum information technology, and particularly to a measurement and control system for a quantum computer, a quantum computer, and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] In current quantum computers, a user interacts with a quantum measurement and control system through a host computer, a gigabit Ethernet switch. Specifically, the host computer transmits an arbitrary waveform to be emitted to an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) in the quantum measurement and control system. The quantum analyzer in the quantum measurement and control system collects signals of a quantum processing unit and sends the collected signals to the host computer for analysis and processing, so as to obtain the current state of a qubit. During an experiment, when it is suspected that a software or hardware problem causes the actual emitted waveform of the AWG not to meet the expectation, it is necessary to check and troubleshoot the experimental waveform to find out the cause of the failure.

[0003] In a typical example of checking and troubleshooting, assuming that the cavity frequency of the qubit has been found, and now its energy spectrum is to be found. On the control signal path, the AWG first emits a section of control waveform, which is mixed with a pulse signal emitted by a microwave source to form a high-frequency signal (i.e., the control signal) and enters the quantum processing unit to try to excite the qubit. Then, a read-in signal transmission module is used to emit a read-in signal to the qubit to read the state of the cavity and then the state of the qubit. Among them, the read-in signal transmission module includes an AWG (not the same AWG as the AWG on the control signal path) and an IQ mixer. The waveform emitted by the AWG and the pulse signal emitted by the microwave source are mixed by the IQ mixer to obtain the read-in signal. When the energy spectrum cannot be scanned out, the following situations are generally suspected: 1. The control signal is not emitted; 2. The read-in signal is not emitted; 3. The relative order of the read-in signal and the control signal is incorrect.

[0004] In the above checking and troubleshooting process, in order to check whether the signal meets the expectation, a general solution is to change the connection wires, directly connect the output port of the AWG to an external oscilloscope, and check whether the actually output waveform conforms to the waveform theoretically generated by the software and whether the time sequence between the signals is correct through the oscilloscope. The implementation process of such a checking solution is relatively cumbersome. Especially when there are multiple qubits, the number of channels to be checked increases, more lines need to be changed, and there is also a risk of incorrect restoration of the circuit connection after the check, resulting in low efficiency and being not conducive to expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a measurement and control system for a quantum computer, a quantum computer, and a monitoring method that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a measurement and control system for a quantum computer, including: a control signal generation unit, a control signal monitoring unit, and a quantum analyzer;

[0007] The control signal generation unit is configured to generate a control signal for manipulating qubits in a quantum processing unit of the quantum computer;

[0008] The input end of the control signal monitoring unit is connected to the control signal generation unit, and the output end is respectively connected to the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit; the control signal monitoring unit is configured to partially couple out the control signal generated by the control signal generation unit, demodulate it and output it to the quantum analyzer, and output the remaining control signal to the quantum processing unit to control the qubits;

[0009] The quantum analyzer is configured to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the control signal monitoring unit to monitor the control signal.

[0010] In one embodiment, the control signal monitoring unit includes: a first signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer; where:

[0011] The first signal distribution device is connected between the control signal generation unit and the quantum processing unit;

[0012] The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the first signal distribution device and the control signal generation unit, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0013] The first signal distribution device is configured to couple out a part of the control signal generated by the control signal generation unit and output it to the demodulation mixer, and output the remaining control signal to the quantum processing unit;

[0014] The demodulation mixer is configured to demodulate the control signal coupled out by the first signal distribution device and output it to the quantum analyzer;

[0015] The quantum analyzer is further configured to collect and analyze the control signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer to monitor the control signal.

[0016] In one embodiment, the control signal generation unit includes: a first arbitrary waveform generator, a first IQ mixer, and a microwave source;

[0017] The first arbitrary waveform generator is configured to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer;

[0018] The input terminals of the first IQ mixer are respectively connected to a first arbitrary waveform generator and a microwave source; the output terminal of the first IQ mixer is connected to the first signal distribution device; the microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer;

[0019] The input terminals of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to a quantum processing unit, the output terminal of the first signal distribution device, and the microwave source, and the output terminal of the demodulation mixer is connected to a quantum analyzer;

[0020] The first IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device;

[0021] The microwave source is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0022] The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the control signal output by the first signal distribution device with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer, and output it to the quantum analyzer.

[0023] In one embodiment, the control signal monitoring unit includes: a first signal distribution module, a first combiner, and a demodulation mixer;

[0024] The first combiner is arranged between the first signal distribution module and the demodulation mixer;

[0025] The first signal distribution module includes a plurality of first signal distribution devices; the plurality of first signal distribution devices are connected to the first combiner;

[0026] The plurality of first signal distribution devices are respectively connected to the output terminals of multiple channels of the control signal generating unit in a corresponding manner; each first signal distribution device is used to couple out a part of the control signal of the corresponding channel;

[0027] The first combiner is used to combine and output the signals coupled by the plurality of first signal distribution devices;

[0028] The demodulation mixer is used to demodulate the signal output after being combined by the first combiner and input it to the quantum analyzer.

[0029] In one embodiment, the control signal generating unit specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generating module, a first IQ mixing module, and a microwave source;

[0030] The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0031] The first arbitrary waveform generation module includes a plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators;

[0032] The first IQ mixing module includes a plurality of first IQ mixers;

[0033] The first arbitrary waveform generator in the first arbitrary waveform generation module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module;

[0034] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module;

[0035] The first IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device;

[0036] The multiple first IQ mixers in the first IQ mixing module are respectively and correspondingly connected to the multiple first arbitrary waveform generators in the first arbitrary waveform generation module and the multi-channel output end of the microwave source to form multiple control signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each first IQ mixer are respectively connected to the microwave source and the first arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output ends of each first IQ mixer are respectively and correspondingly connected to the input ends of the first signal distribution devices in the same channel of the first signal distribution module;

[0037] The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0038] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0039] The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the first combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

[0040] In one embodiment, the control signal generation unit specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generation module, a first IQ mixing module, and a microwave source;

[0041] The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0042] The first arbitrary waveform generation module includes a first arbitrary waveform generator having multi-channel output ends;

[0043] The first IQ mixing module includes a plurality of first IQ mixers;

[0044] The first arbitrary waveform generator in the first arbitrary waveform generation module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module;

[0045] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module;

[0046] The first IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device;

[0047] The plurality of first IQ mixers in the first IQ mixing module are respectively and correspondingly connected to the multi-channel output ends of the first arbitrary waveform generation module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source to form a plurality of control signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each first IQ mixer are respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source and the first arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output ends of each first IQ mixer are respectively and correspondingly connected to the input ends of the first signal distribution devices in the same channel of the first signal distribution module;

[0048] The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0049] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0050] The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the first combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

[0051] In one embodiment, the measurement and control system further includes: a read-in signal generation unit and a read-in signal monitoring unit;

[0052] The input end of the read-in signal monitoring unit is connected to the read-in signal generation unit, and the output end is respectively connected to the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit;

[0053] The read-in signal generating unit is used to generate a read-in signal for the quantum processing unit of the quantum computer to read the state of the qubits in the quantum processing unit;

[0054] The read-in signal monitoring unit is used to partially couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generating unit, output it to the quantum analyzer after demodulation, and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit;

[0055] The quantum analyzer is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the readout signal monitoring unit to monitor the read-in signal;

[0056] The quantum analyzer is also used to collect and analyze the signal output by the quantum processing unit to read the state of the qubits.

[0057] In one embodiment, the read-in signal monitoring unit includes: a second signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer module;

[0058] The second signal distribution device is connected between the read-in signal generating unit and the quantum processing unit, and is used to couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generating unit and output it to the demodulation mixer module, and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit;

[0059] The input end of the demodulation mixer module is respectively connected to the second signal distribution device and the read-in signal generating unit, and the output end of the demodulation mixer module is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0060] The demodulation mixer module is used to demodulate the read-in signal coupled out by the second signal distribution device and output it to the quantum analyzer;

[0061] The quantum analyzer is also used to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer module to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0062] In one embodiment, the read-in signal generating unit includes: a second arbitrary waveform generator, a second IQ mixer, and a microwave source;

[0063] The second arbitrary waveform generator is used to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer;

[0064] The input ends of the second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the second arbitrary waveform generator and the microwave source; the output end of the second IQ mixer is connected to the second signal distribution device; the microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the second IQ mixer;

[0065] The input ends of the demodulation mixer module are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the second signal distribution device, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0066] The second IQ mixer is configured to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device;

[0067] The microwave source is further configured to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0068] The demodulation mixer module is specifically configured to mix the read-in signal output by the second signal distribution device with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer, and output it to the quantum analyzer.

[0069] In one embodiment, the measurement and control system further includes: a read-in signal generation unit and a read-in signal monitoring unit;

[0070] The read-in signal monitoring unit includes: a second signal distribution module, a second combiner, and a demodulation mixer module;

[0071] The second combiner is disposed between the second signal distribution module and the demodulation mixer module;

[0072] The second signal distribution module includes a plurality of second signal distribution devices; the plurality of second signal distribution devices are connected to the second combiner;

[0073] The plurality of second signal distribution devices are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the read-in signal generation unit; each second signal distribution device is configured to couple out a part of the read-in signal of the corresponding channel;

[0074] The second combiner is configured to combine and output the signals coupled by the plurality of second signal distribution devices;

[0075] The demodulation mixer is configured to demodulate the signal output after being combined by the second combiner and input it to the quantum analyzer.

[0076] In one embodiment, the read-in signal generation unit specifically includes: a second arbitrary waveform generation module, a second IQ mixing module, and a microwave source;

[0077] The input ends of the demodulation mixer module are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the second combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer module is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0078] The second arbitrary waveform generation module includes a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators;

[0079] The second IQ mixing module includes a plurality of second IQ mixers;

[0080] The second arbitrary waveform generator in the second arbitrary waveform generation module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module;

[0081] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module;

[0082] The second IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device;

[0083] The plurality of second IQ mixers in the second IQ mixing module are respectively and correspondingly connected to the plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators in the second arbitrary waveform generation module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source to form a plurality of read-in signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the microwave source and the second arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output ends of each second IQ mixer are respectively and correspondingly connected to the input ends of the second signal distribution devices in the same channel of the second signal distribution module;

[0084] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0085] The demodulation mixing module is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the second combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer;

[0086] The quantum analyzer is further used to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixing module, so as to monitor the read-in signal, and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0087] In one embodiment, the read-in signal generation unit specifically includes: a second arbitrary waveform generation module, a second IQ mixing module and a microwave source;

[0088] The input ends of the demodulation mixing module are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the second combiner and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixing module is connected to the quantum analyzer;

[0089] The second arbitrary waveform generation module includes a second arbitrary waveform generator with multi-channel output ends;

[0090] The second IQ mixing module includes a plurality of second IQ mixers;

[0091] The second arbitrary waveform generator in the second arbitrary waveform generating module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module;

[0092] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module;

[0093] The second IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device;

[0094] The multiple second IQ mixers in the second IQ mixing module are respectively and correspondingly connected to the multi-channel output ends of the second arbitrary waveform generating module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source to form a plurality of read-in signal generation channels; wherein, the input end of each second IQ mixer is respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source and the second arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output end of each second IQ mixer is respectively and correspondingly connected to the input end of the second signal distribution device in the same channel of the second signal distribution module;

[0095] The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal to the demodulation mixer;

[0096] The demodulation mixing module is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the second combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer;

[0097] The quantum analyzer is further used to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixing module to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0098] In one embodiment, the read-in signal generation unit and the control signal generation unit share the same microwave source.

[0099] In one embodiment, the microwave signal output by the microwave source to the first IQ mixer or the first IQ mixing module is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer;

[0100] The microwave signal output by the microwave source to the second IQ mixer or the second IQ mixing module is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixing module.

[0101] In one embodiment, the first signal distribution device is a power splitter or a directional coupler;

[0102] The second signal distribution device is a power splitter or a directional coupler.

[0103] In one embodiment, the measurement and control system is the measurement and control system in a superconducting quantum computer, and the quantum processing unit is a superconducting quantum chip.

[0104] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantum computer, including: the measurement and control system of the quantum computer as described above and a quantum processing unit;

[0105] The control signal monitoring unit in the measurement and control system is connected to the quantum processing unit, and is configured to couple out a part of the control signal sent by the control signal generating unit in the measurement and control system, demodulate it and output it to the quantum analyzer for acquisition and analysis, and output the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit for controlling quantum bits.

[0106] In one embodiment, the measurement and control system of the quantum computer further includes: a host computer;

[0107] The host computer is respectively connected to the control signal sending unit and the quantum analyzer in the measurement and control system;

[0108] The host computer is configured to control the control signal generating unit to generate a control signal; and monitor whether the control signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the signals collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

[0109] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a signal monitoring method for a quantum computer, and the method uses the measurement and control system of the quantum computer as described above to monitor the control signal to be transmitted.

[0110] In one embodiment, monitoring the control signal to be transmitted includes:

[0111] The control signal monitoring unit in the measurement and control system of the quantum computer couples out a part of the control signal generated by the control signal generating unit, demodulates it and outputs it to the quantum analyzer, and outputs the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit for controlling quantum bits;

[0112] The quantum analyzer acquires and analyzes the demodulated signal output by the control signal monitoring unit;

[0113] The host computer monitors whether the control signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the demodulated signal collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

[0114] The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention at least include:

[0115] In the measurement and control system of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a control signal monitoring unit is connected between the control signal generating unit and the quantum analyzer. A part of the control signal is coupled out by the control signal monitoring unit, demodulated and then output to the quantum analyzer, so that the quantum analyzer can collect and analyze the signal, thereby realizing the real-time monitoring of the control signal, improving the efficiency of the control signal monitoring. Moreover, during the monitoring process, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer additionally, the risk of incorrect connection that may exist after the circuit is restored after inspection is also avoided.

[0116] Further, the control signal monitoring unit includes a first signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer. The first signal distribution device can couple out a part of the control signal. The coupled control signal is mixed with the signal output by the microwave source through the demodulation mixer and down-converted into an intermediate frequency signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer. Since the same-frequency microwave source is used for up-conversion and down-conversion, the signal collected by the quantum analyzer and the signal sent by the AWG are of the same frequency and the same timing, and there are changes in amplitude but are completely linearly corresponding, which can ensure the consistency between the monitored signal and the control signal originally emitted by the AWG. The embodiment of the present invention can also monitor whether the first IQ mixer and the microwave source in the high-frequency line are working properly.

[0117] Further, the embodiment of the present invention also realizes the expansion and integration of the structure of the measurement and control system through a multi-path first signal distribution module, a combiner and a demodulation mixer. With the design of the combiner, the demand for microwave source channels is reduced from the hardware, simplifying the structure and saving the hardware cost at the same time.

[0118] Further, the embodiment of the present invention also adopts a structure similar to that of the control signal monitoring unit to improve the path of the read-in signal of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer, adding a read-in signal monitoring unit. Similar to the principle of the aforementioned control signal monitoring, it can realize the real-time monitoring of the read-in signal. This structure can monitor the control signal and / or the read-in signal, as well as whether the relative order of the read-in signal and the control signal is correct.

[0119] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description of the specification, and some of them will become obvious from the specification or be understood by implementing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the structures specifically pointed out in the written specification, claims, and drawings.

[0120] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the drawings and embodiments. Description of the Drawings

[0121] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0122] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer in the prior art;

[0123] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0124] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer for monitoring a control signal in a single-channel case in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0125] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer for monitoring a control signal in a multi-channel case in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0126] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer for monitoring a control signal and a read-in signal in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0127] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the measurement and control system of a quantum computer for monitoring a control signal and a read-in signal in a multi-channel case in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0128] Figure 7 is a block diagram of the structure of a quantum computer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0129] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0130] 1. Control signal generation unit; 2. Control signal monitoring unit; 3. Quantum analyzer; 4. First signal distribution device; 5. Demodulation mixer; 6. First arbitrary waveform generator; 7. First IQ mixer; 8. Microwave source; 9. First signal distribution module; 10. First combiner; 11. First arbitrary waveform generation module; 12. First IQ mixing module; 13. Second arbitrary waveform generator; 14. Second IQ mixer; 15. Second signal distribution device; 16. Demodulation mixing module; 17. Second arbitrary waveform generation module; 18. Second IQ mixing module; 19. Second combiner; 20. Host computer; 21. Switch; 22. Quantum processing unit; 23. Second signal distribution module; 24. Measurement and control system of quantum computer; 25. Read-in signal generation unit; 26. Read-in signal monitoring unit. Detailed implementation manners

[0131] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0132] The inventors of the present application have found that if there is a suspicion that an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) does not output a control signal, or the output control signal does not meet expectations, the solution is to change the connection line of the AWG and directly connect its output port to an external oscilloscope, and check whether the actually output waveform conforms to the waveform generated by the software theoretically through the oscilloscope.

[0133] The architecture of the existing quantum computer measurement and control system is referred to Figure 1 As shown, the control signal is sent by the AWG, mixed and modulated with the high-frequency signal sent by the microwave source through the IQ mixer, up-converted to a range of, for example, 4 GHz - 8 GHz and then enters the quantum processing unit. When it is necessary to check the signal, the connection line between the AWG and the IQ mixer needs to be disconnected, and the connection line is changed to directly connect the AWG to the oscilloscope. Because the cost of an oscilloscope with a high bandwidth (above 4 GHz) is very high, generally only the signal sent by the AWG before mixing (generally in the frequency range of several hundred MHz) is checked. This inspection method has low efficiency, and changing the line back and forth will also bring other risks, such as it may be connected wrongly when restoring the measurement and control line, and repeatedly screwing the RF connector will loosen or be deformed and damaged.

[0134] Based on the above problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide an improved quantum computer measurement and control system to solve the above problems, realize automatic and real-time signal monitoring, improve the efficiency of signal monitoring, and avoid the problems that may be connected wrongly when restoring the measurement and control line in the prior art, and repeatedly screwing the RF connector will loosen or be deformed and damaged.

[0135] Embodiment 1:

[0136] A quantum computer measurement and control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is referred to Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a control signal generation unit 1, a control signal monitoring unit 2, and a quantum analyzer 3; wherein:

[0137] The control signal generation unit 1 is used to generate a control signal for manipulating the qubits in the quantum processing unit 22 of the quantum computer;

[0138] The input end of the control signal monitoring unit 2 is connected to the control signal generating unit 1, and the output end is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22 and the quantum analyzer 3; the control signal monitoring unit 2 is configured to partially couple out the control signal generated by the control signal generating unit 1, demodulate it and output it to the quantum analyzer 3, and output the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit 22 for controlling qubits.

[0139] The quantum analyzer 3 is configured to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the control signal monitoring unit 2.

[0140] In some embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and perform simple analysis on the demodulated signal, and then output it to the upper computer 20 at the upper level connected to the quantum analyzer 3 for further analysis and logical judgment, such as judging whether the control signal is correctly sent, whether the order of the control signal and the read-in signal is correct, etc.

[0141] In some other embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 has complex analysis and judgment functions. After collecting and analyzing the demodulated signal, it can directly perform further analysis and judgment, such as judging whether the control signal is correctly sent, whether the order of the control signal and the read-in signal is correct, etc. That is, the functions of the above upper computer 20 are integrated into one.

[0142] When the quantum computer is, for example, a superconducting quantum computer, the control signal is a microwave signal for controlling qubits, such as controlling the qubits to rotate arbitrarily around the X and Y axes of the Bloch sphere. When the frequency of the control signal is equal to the frequency of the qubit, the qubit will be excited. The frequency range of the control signal is, for example, from 4 GHz to 8 GHz. It can be understood that when the quantum computer is of other suitable types other than the superconducting quantum computer, the control signal can also correspond to signals of other frequencies, and the present application does not limit this.

[0143] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by connecting the control signal monitoring unit 2 between the control signal generating unit 1 and the quantum analyzer 3, a part of the control signal is coupled out by the control signal monitoring unit 2, demodulated and output to the quantum analyzer 3 so that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze the signal, which can realize real-time monitoring of the control signal, improve the monitoring efficiency, and moreover, since there is no need to additionally change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer during the monitoring process, the risk of incorrect connection that may exist after restoring the circuit after inspection is also avoided.

[0144] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 3As shown, the control signal monitoring unit 2 in the measurement and control system of the above-mentioned quantum computer, for example but not limited to, specifically includes: a first signal distribution device 4 and a demodulation mixer 5; where:

[0145] The first signal distribution device 4 is connected between the control signal generation unit 1 and the quantum processing unit 22;

[0146] The input ends of the demodulation mixer 5 are respectively connected to the first signal distribution device 4 and the control signal generation unit 1, and the output end of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0147] The first signal distribution device 4 is used to couple out a part of the control signal generated by the control signal generation unit 1, so as to output it to the quantum analyzer 3 for analyzing and monitoring the control signal, and output the remaining control signal to the qubits of the quantum processing unit 22 for control operations;

[0148] The demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the control signal coupled out by the first signal distribution device 4 and then output it to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0149] The quantum analyzer 3 is further used to collect and analyze the control signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer 5, so as to realize the monitoring of the control signal.

[0150] The above-mentioned first signal distribution device 4, in specific implementation, for example, can be implemented by a power splitter or a directional coupler, etc. However, the first signal distribution device 4 can also be other suitable types of electronic devices.

[0151] The main function of the power splitter is to split an input signal into multiple output signals; the structural composition of the power splitter generally consists of an input end, an output end, a reflection end, a resonant cavity and electromagnetic elements. The working principle and structure of the power splitter can refer to the prior art.

[0152] The directional coupler is a passive four-port device with reciprocal ports, and one of its ports is isolated from the input port. In the ideal state, all four ports are completely matched and the circuit has no loss. The directional coupler can be implemented in various ways, such as microstrip line, strip line, coaxial and waveguide, etc.

[0153] The directional coupler usually utilizes the distributed characteristics of the microwave circuit to be realized. The coupling of the signal usually occurs at a quarter wavelength or an integer multiple thereof. In these distributed couplers, the energy and fields of two adjacent partial circuits interact with each other, and the signal is coupled from one circuit structure to another circuit structure. The specific structure and implementation principle can refer to the prior art.

[0154] Correspondingly, continue to refer to Figure 3As shown, the control signal generation unit 1, for example but not limited to, specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generator 6, a first IQ mixer 7, and a microwave source 8; where:

[0155] The first arbitrary waveform generator 6 is used to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer;

[0156] The microwave source 8 is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer;

[0157] The input terminals of the first IQ mixer 7 are respectively connected to the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 and the microwave source 8; the output terminal of the first IQ mixer 7 is connected to the first signal distribution device 4;

[0158] The above-mentioned microwave source 8 is used to provide a microwave signal to the first IQ mixer 7 and the demodulation mixer 5;

[0159] The input terminals of the demodulation mixer 5 are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output terminal of the first signal distribution device 4, and the microwave source 8, and the output terminal of the demodulation mixer 5 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0160] The first IQ mixer 7 is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device 4;

[0161] The microwave source 8 is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer 5;

[0162] The demodulation mixer 5 is specifically used to mix the control signal output by the first signal distribution device 4 with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, down-convert it into a signal that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze, and output it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0163] In the first embodiment, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the first IQ mixer 7 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer 5.

[0164] In the demodulation mixer 5, the output signal is equal to the product of the input signals, and the product in the time domain corresponds to the convolution in the frequency domain. In the embodiments of the present invention, it can be realized to down-convert the high-frequency carrier into an intermediate-frequency signal.

[0165] An arbitrary waveform generator (abbreviation: AWG) is a signal source that can generate any desired waveform. It can generate the required waveform by using the digital data (such as control parameters) sent by the connected host computer.

[0166] The IQ mixer consists of two mixers with an internal bridge, achieving sideband suppression based on the mixer. The intermediate frequency IF consists of two paths, I and Q. The LO has an internal bridge and is composed of two mixers inside. When the IQ mixer is used as an upconverter, it is also called a sideband suppression mixer, and a bridge is added to the IF port. By selecting the input bridge port, the upper or lower sideband of the radio frequency can be selected; by adjusting the IQ bias voltage, the LO local oscillator leakage can be adjusted; by adjusting the balance of the two paths of IQ, the sideband suppression can be adjusted. The specific structure of the IQ mixer can refer to the prior art.

[0167] In the above-mentioned measurement and control system of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a first signal distribution device 4 is arranged between the first IQ mixer 7 and the quantum processing unit 22. After the baseband signal sent by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 is mixed with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, before entering the quantum processing unit 22, the first signal distribution device 4 can couple out a part of the control signal, and a part of the control signal enters the quantum processing unit 22. The coupled control signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5 and mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (with a frequency of several hundred MHz). Since the microwave source 8 provides microwave signals with the same frequency for up-converting the baseband signal output by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 and for down-converting the control signal output by the first IQ mixer 7, therefore, the signal collected by the quantum analyzer 3 and the signal sent by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 are of the same frequency, the same timing, and although there are changes in amplitude, they are also completely linearly corresponding. In this way, the consistency between the monitored signal and the control signal originally emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 can be ensured, and the real-time monitoring of the signal originally emitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 can be realized.

[0168] At the same time, because the above Figure 3 shown architecture includes a part for modulating the control signal (the first IQ mixer 7 and the microwave source 8), it is also possible to check whether there are problems in the high-frequency line part (the first IQ mixer 7 and the microwave source 8) through the above-mentioned first signal distribution device 4, demodulation mixer 5, quantum analyzer 3, etc., such as whether the performance of the first IQ mixer 7 is normal, whether the microwave source 8 emits normally, and whether the frequency used is correct, etc.

[0169] The process of the above-mentioned measurement and control system of the quantum for real-time signal monitoring is briefly described as follows:

[0170] The first arbitrary waveform generator 6 transmits the required baseband signal, which generally includes two parts: the I signal and the Q signal. The baseband signal is input to the first IQ mixer 7. In the first IQ mixer 7, it is mixed with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8 to generate a high-frequency signal. After a part of the signal is coupled out by the first signal distribution device 4, the coupled signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, and then mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to be down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate-frequency signal (with a frequency of several hundred MHz). When there is a problem with the signal transmitted by the first arbitrary waveform generator 6, or there is a problem with the first IQ mixer 7, or the microwave source 8 fails to transmit normally, etc., the host computer connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can know in real time.

[0171] Embodiment 2:

[0172] In the second embodiment of the present invention, for the multi-bit measurement and control circuit, it is necessary to expand and integrate the structure of the measurement and control system in the first embodiment above.

[0173] Correspondingly, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the above control signal monitoring unit 2 includes: a first signal distribution module 9, a first combiner 10, and a demodulation mixer 5; where:

[0174] The first combiner 10 is arranged between the first signal distribution module 9 and the demodulation mixer 5;

[0175] The first signal distribution module 9 includes a plurality of first signal distribution devices 4; the plurality of first signal distribution devices 4 are connected to the first combiner 10;

[0176] The plurality of first signal distribution devices 4 are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the control signal generating unit 1 in a corresponding manner; each first signal distribution device 4 is used to couple out a part of the control signal of the corresponding channel;

[0177] The first combiner 10 is used to combine and output the signals coupled by the plurality of first signal distribution devices 4;

[0178] The demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the signal combined and output by the first combiner 10 and then input it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0179] Similar to the first embodiment, the above first signal distribution device 4, in specific implementation, can be implemented by, for example, a power divider or a directional coupler, etc.

[0180] The above control signal generating unit 1, referring to Figure 4 As shown, specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generating module 11, a first IQ mixing module 12, and a microwave source 8;

[0181] The input ends of the demodulation mixer 5 are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the first multiplexer 10, and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0182] The first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 includes a plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators 6; alternatively, the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 with multiple channel output ends;

[0183] The first IQ mixing module 12 includes a plurality of first IQ mixers 7;

[0184] The first arbitrary waveform generator 6 in the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 is used to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12;

[0185] The microwave source 8 is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12;

[0186] The first IQ mixer 7 is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device 4;

[0187] The plurality of first IQ mixers 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators 6 in the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form a plurality of control signal generation channels (corresponding to the case where the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 includes a plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators 6); wherein, the input ends of each first IQ mixer 7 are respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source 8 and the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 in the same channel; the output ends of each first IQ mixer 7 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the input ends of the first signal distribution devices 4 in the same channel of the first signal distribution module 9;

[0188] Alternatively, the connection manner of the plurality of first IQ mixers 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12 with the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 and the microwave source 8 may also be: the plurality of first IQ mixers 7 in the first IQ mixing module 12 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the multi-channel output ends of the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form a plurality of control signal generation channels (corresponding to the case where the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 with multiple channel output ends).

[0189] The microwave source 8 is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulation to the demodulation mixer 5;

[0190] When the first combiner 10 is used to combine multiple control signals, the microwave source 8 outputs a local oscillator signal for demodulation, that is, each control signal uses the same local oscillator signal for demodulation.

[0191] The mixer 5 for demodulation is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the first combiner 10 with the local oscillator signal of the control signal output by the microwave source 8 for demodulation, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

[0192] Figure 4 In the shown system architecture, since multiple control signal transmission channels are required, correspondingly, the above-mentioned first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 may include multiple first arbitrary waveform generators 6, and each first arbitrary waveform generator 6 corresponds to one channel; or the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 itself includes a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 with multi-channel outputs, and the multiple output channels of this first arbitrary waveform generator 6 correspond to the multiple control signal transmission channels.

[0193] On the same channel, the output end of a first arbitrary waveform generator 6 is connected to the input end of a first IQ mixer 7, and the other input end of this first IQ mixer 7 is connected to the output end of a microwave source 8.

[0194] On the same channel, the output end of this first IQ mixer 7 is connected to the input end of a first signal distribution device 4.

[0195] In this way, the first combiner 10 will have multi-channel inputs, and the first combiner 10 combines and outputs the multi-channel signals. In this way, each channel uses a corresponding first signal distribution device 4 (such as a directional coupler or a power splitter) to combine all the signals coupled out by the multi-channel first signal distribution devices 4 through the first combiner 10, and then uniformly uses the same microwave source 8 for down-conversion to obtain a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3. This architecture not only realizes the expansion and integration of multi-bit measurement and control lines, but also reduces the demand for the channels of the microwave source 8 in terms of hardware, simplifies the structure, and saves hardware costs while doing so.

[0196] Figure 4 The shown system architecture has similar characteristics and advantages to the single-channel system architecture shown, for example Figure 3 such as the ability to monitor the AWG transmission signals of multiple channels, and the ability to monitor whether there are problems in the high-frequency lines of multiple channels, etc.

[0197] The process of the above-mentioned measurement and control system of the quantum computer for real-time monitoring of control signals is briefly described as follows:

[0198] The first arbitrary waveform generator 6 in the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11 transmits the required multi-channel baseband signals (IQ signals), which are respectively input into the first IQ mixing module 12. In the first IQ mixing module 12, each first IQ mixer 7 mixes them with the microwave signals output by the microwave source 8 to generate high-frequency signals. Then, after each first signal distribution device 4 in the first signal distribution module 9 couples out a part of the signals respectively, they are combined to form a control signal. The combined control signal is connected to the demodulation mixer 5, and then mixed with the microwave signals output by the microwave source 8 to be down-converted into signals that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as intermediate-frequency signals (with a frequency of several hundred MHz). When there are problems with the signals transmitted by the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11, or problems with the first IQ mixing module 12, or the microwave source 8 fails to transmit normally, etc., the host computer connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can know in real time. In the second embodiment above, the microwave signals output by the microwave source 8 to the first IQ mixing module 12 are the same as those output to the demodulation mixer 5.

[0199] Embodiment 3:

[0200] Both the first embodiment and the second embodiment above illustrate improvements to the channel of the control signal, which involve the monitoring of the control signal. In the embodiments of the present invention, in addition to the above improvements to the channel of the control signal, optionally, the channel of the read-in signal can also be improved in the same or similar way.

[0201] The structure of a measurement and control system for a quantum computer that simultaneously improves both the control signal path and the read-in signal path can be seen Figure 5 as shown.

[0202] For the convenience of description, in the first embodiment and the second embodiment above, for the components in the control signal path, the prefix "first" is used to call them, such as the first signal distribution device, the first arbitrary waveform generator, the first IQ mixer, etc. In the third embodiment of the present invention, the components of the control signal path are still the same as those in the first and second embodiments, while for the components of the read-in signal path, the prefix "second" is used to call them. The above "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different components.

[0203] The components that are not distinguished by "first" and "second" mean the components shared by the control signal path and the read-in signal path.

[0204] For the structure and function of the control signal channel in this third embodiment (the structure and function of the first arbitrary waveform generator 6, the first IQ mixer 7, the first signal distribution device 4, the demodulation mixer module 16, etc. in the solution for monitoring the control signal), reference can be made to the descriptions of the first and second embodiments above, and details will not be repeated here.

[0205] Referring to Figure 5 as shown, on the basis of the relevant structures of the control paths in the above-mentioned First Embodiment and Second Embodiment, the measurement and control system of the quantum computer may further include: a read-in signal generation unit 25 and a read-in signal monitoring unit 26.

[0206] The input end of the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is connected to the read-in signal generation unit 25, and the output end of the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is respectively connected to the quantum analyzer 3 and the quantum processing unit 22.

[0207] The read-in signal generation unit 26 is used to generate a read-in signal for the quantum processing unit 22 of the quantum computer to read the state of the quantum bits in the quantum processing unit 22;

[0208] The read-in signal generation unit 25 is used to generate a read-in signal for the quantum processing unit 22 of the quantum computer to read the state of the quantum bits in the quantum processing unit 22;

[0209] The read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is used to partially couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generation unit 25, demodulate it and output it to the quantum analyzer 3, and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit 22;

[0210] The quantum analyzer 3 is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the read-out signal monitoring unit 26 to monitor the read-in signal.

[0211] The quantum analyzer 3 is further used to collect and analyze the signal output by the quantum processing unit 22 to read the state of the quantum bits.

[0212] When the quantum computer is, for example, a superconducting quantum computer, the read-in signal is a microwave signal, and the frequency of the read-in signal is equal to the frequency of the measurement resonator for reading the state of the quantum bits. The state of the quantum bits can be determined according to the change of the read-out signal output by the quantum processing unit 22 relative to the read-in signal. The frequency range of the read-in signal is, for example, from 4 GHz to 8 GHz. It can be understood that when the quantum computer is other suitable types of quantum computers other than the superconducting quantum computer, the read-in signal can also correspond to signals of other frequencies, and the present application does not limit this.

[0213] In a superconducting quantum computer, the reading of the quantum bit state is usually achieved by coupling to a measurement resonator (also called a read-out resonator) coupled to the quantum bit.

[0214] This measurement resonator is a microwave resonator whose frequency is designed to be related to the state of the qubit. When wanting to read the state of the qubit, a microwave signal with a specific frequency is sent to the measurement resonator - this is the so-called "read-in signal". The frequency of this signal is usually set to be equal to the frequency of the resonator.

[0215] If the qubit is in the "|0>" state, then the response of the resonator will be different from when it is in the "|1>" state. By measuring the response of the resonator (such as the amplitude or phase change of the microwave signal), the state of the qubit can be determined.

[0216] This reading strategy is based on the "weak measurement" principle of quantum mechanics, aiming to minimize the interference of the measurement process on the state of the qubit.

[0217] In the above-mentioned measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 is connected between the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the quantum analyzer 3. A part of the read-in signal is coupled out by the read-in signal monitoring unit 26, and after demodulation, it is output to the quantum analyzer 3 so that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze the signal, enabling real-time monitoring of the read-in signal, improving the monitoring efficiency. Moreover, during the monitoring process, since there is no need to change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer additionally, the risk of incorrect connection that may exist after the circuit is restored after inspection is also avoided.

[0218] Specifically, the above-mentioned read-in signal monitoring unit 26 specifically includes: a second signal distribution device 15 and a demodulation mixer module 16;

[0219] Because a single demodulation mixer can usually only process one signal (control signal or read-in signal), the above-mentioned read-in signal monitoring unit 26 and the control signal monitoring unit 2 respectively use corresponding demodulation mixers for demodulation. In specific implementation, from the hardware aspect, the demodulation mixer corresponding to the read-in signal monitoring unit 26 and the demodulation mixer corresponding to the control signal monitoring unit 2 can be integrated on the same module, that is, the above-mentioned demodulation mixer module 16.

[0220] The second signal distribution device 15 is connected between the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the quantum processing unit 22, and is used to couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generating unit 25 and output it to the demodulation mixer module 16, and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit 22;

[0221] The input end of the demodulation mixer module 16 is respectively connected to the second signal distribution device 15 and the read-in signal generating unit 25, and the output end of the demodulation mixer module 16 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0222] The demodulation mixer module 16 is further configured to demodulate the read-in signal coupled out by the second signal distribution device 15 and output the demodulated signal to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0223] Correspondingly, the quantum analyzer 3 is further configured to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer module 16, so as to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0224] Further, the read-in signal generating unit 25 includes: a second arbitrary waveform generator 13, a second IQ mixer 14, and a microwave source 8;

[0225] The second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is configured to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer;

[0226] The read-in signal generating unit 25 and the control signal generating unit 1 share the same microwave source 8;

[0227] The second IQ mixer 14 is configured to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device 15;

[0228] Sharing the same microwave source 8 can save hardware costs. In some possible embodiments, the read-in signal generating unit 25 and the control signal generating unit 1 may not share the same microwave source 8, but use their respective microwave sources 8, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0229] Similar to the path of the control signal, the above-mentioned microwave source 8 is configured to provide a microwave signal (local oscillator signal) to the second IQ mixer 14 and the demodulation mixer module 16.

[0230] Refer to Figure 5 As shown, the input end of the demodulation mixer module 16 is respectively connected to the output ends of the quantum processing unit 22, the first signal distribution device 4, the second signal distribution device 15, and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixer module 16 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0231] The demodulation mixer in the demodulation mixer module 16 is specifically configured to mix the read-in signal coupled out by the second signal distribution device 15 with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source 8, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3, and output it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0232] In the third embodiment, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixer 14 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer module 16.

[0233] In specific implementation, the second signal distribution device 15 may be implemented by, for example, a power divider or a directional coupler. However, the second signal distribution device 15 may also be other suitable types of electronic devices. Regarding the structures and corresponding functions of the power divider and the directional coupler, reference may be made to the description of the first embodiment above.

[0234] Similar to the first embodiment, in some embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 may collect and perform simple analysis on the demodulated read-in signal, and then output it to the host computer 20 at the upper level connected to the quantum analyzer 3 for further analysis and logical judgment, such as judging whether the read-in signal is correct, whether the order of the control signal and the read-in signal is correct, and so on.

[0235] In other embodiments, the quantum analyzer 3 itself has complex analysis and judgment functions. After collecting and analyzing the demodulated read-in signal, it can directly perform further analysis and judgment, such as judging whether the read-in signal is correct, whether the order of the control signal and the read-in signal is correct, and so on.

[0236] It should be noted that if only a single path is involved, such as only the improvement of the control signal path, a single demodulation mixer 5 can be used. However, if both the control signal path and the read-in signal path are involved, the demodulation mixer module 16 includes multiple demodulation mixers 5 to respectively implement the demodulation of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0237] In Figure 5 this case, the host computer 20 interacts with the microwave source 8, the first arbitrary waveform generator 6, the second arbitrary waveform generator 13, and the quantum analyzer 3 through, for example, a switch 21. In some embodiments, the host computer 20 may also directly interact with these devices without necessarily passing through network devices such as switches, or it is also possible to interact with these devices through other suitable devices such as a USB interface.

[0238] In the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a second signal distribution device 15 is provided between the second IQ mixer 14 and the quantum processing unit 22. After the baseband signal sent by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is mixed with the local oscillator signal (also called: microwave signal) sent by the microwave source 8, before entering the quantum processing unit 22, the second signal distribution device 15 can couple out a part of the read-in signal, and a part of the read-in signal enters the quantum processing unit 22. The coupled-out read-in signal is connected to the demodulation mixing module 16 and mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8, and is down-converted into a signal that can be collected by the quantum analyzer 3, such as an intermediate frequency signal (with a frequency of several hundred MHz). Since the microwave source 8 provides microwave signals of the same frequency to up-convert the baseband signal output by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 and down-convert the read-in signal output by the second IQ mixer 14, the signal collected by the quantum analyzer 3 and the signal sent by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 are of the same frequency, the same timing, and although there are changes in amplitude, they are also completely linearly corresponding. In this way, the consistency between the monitored read-in signal and the baseband signal originally emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 can be ensured, and real-time monitoring of the signal originally emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 can be realized, improving the monitoring efficiency. Moreover, during the monitoring process, since there is no need to additionally change the connection relationship of the measurement and control system of the quantum computer, the risk of incorrect connection that may exist after the circuit is restored after inspection is also avoided.

[0239] Embodiment 4:

[0240] For the structure and function of the channels of the control signals in this Embodiment 4 (the structure and function of the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11, the first IQ mixing module 12, the first signal distribution module 9, the demodulation mixing module 16, etc. in the solution for monitoring the control signals), reference can be made to the descriptions of the foregoing Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and details will not be repeated here.

[0241] Similar to Embodiment 2, for the multi-bit measurement and control circuit, it is necessary to expand and integrate the structure of the foregoing Embodiment 3, and improve both the control signal channel and the read-in signal channel. In addition to the components related to the monitoring of the control signals, refer to Figure 6 As shown, the measurement and control system of the quantum computer may further include: a read-in signal generation unit 25 and a read-in signal monitoring unit 26;

[0242] The read-in signal monitoring unit includes: a second signal distribution module 23, a second combiner 19, and a demodulation mixing module 16;

[0243] The second combiner 19 is disposed between the second signal distribution module 23 and the demodulation mixing module 16;

[0244] The second signal distribution module 23 includes a plurality of second signal distribution devices 15; the plurality of second signal distribution devices 15 are connected to the second combiner 19;

[0245] The plurality of second signal distribution devices 15 are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the read-in signal generation unit 25 in a corresponding manner; each of the second signal distribution devices 15 is used to couple out a part of the read-in signal of the corresponding channel;

[0246] The second combiner 19 is used to combine and output the signals coupled by the plurality of second signal distribution devices 15;

[0247] The demodulation mixer 5 is used to demodulate the signal output after being combined by the second combiner 19 and input it to the quantum analyzer 3.

[0248] Specifically, the read-in signal generation unit 25 specifically includes: a second arbitrary waveform generation module 17, a second IQ mixing module 18, and a microwave source 8;

[0249] The read-in signal generation unit 25 and the control signal generation unit 1 share the same microwave source 8;

[0250] Similar to the foregoing Embodiment 3, the read-in signal generation unit 25 and the control signal generation unit 1 do not necessarily share the same microwave source 8.

[0251] Similarly, the above-mentioned second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is used to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer;

[0252] The second IQ mixer 14 is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device 15;

[0253] The input end of the demodulation mixing module 16 is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit 22, the output end of the second combiner 19, and the microwave source 8, and the output end of the demodulation mixing module 16 is connected to the quantum analyzer 3;

[0254] The second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 includes a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators 13;

[0255] The second IQ mixing module 18 includes a plurality of second IQ mixers 14;

[0256] A plurality of second IQ mixers 14 in the second IQ mixing module 18 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the output ends of a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators 13 in the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form a plurality of read-in signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each second IQ mixer 14 are respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source 8 and the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 in the same channel; the output ends of each second IQ mixer 14 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the input ends of the second signal distribution devices 15 in the same channel of the second signal distribution module 23;

[0257] The microwave source 8 is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal to the demodulation mixing module 16;

[0258] Although it involves read-in signals of multiple channels, for the read-in signals of multiple channels, the same local oscillator signal is used for demodulation by the demodulation mixing module.

[0259] The demodulation mixing module 16 is specifically configured to mix the signal output after being combined by the second combiner 19 with a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer;

[0260] The quantum analyzer 3 is further configured to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixing module 16, so as to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

[0261] Similar to Embodiment 2, the above-mentioned second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 may further include a second arbitrary waveform generator 13 with multi-channel output ends ( Figure 6 not shown in the figure); although only one second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is used, a plurality of second IQ mixers 14 in the second IQ mixing module 18 are respectively and correspondingly connected to the multi-channel output ends of the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source 8 to form a plurality of read-in signal generation channels. The specific structure can be referred to Figure 6 as shown.

[0262] Figure 6 In the system architecture shown, since multiple read-in signal transmission channels are required, correspondingly, the above-mentioned second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 may include a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators 13 ( Figure 6 not shown in the figure), each second arbitrary waveform generator 13 corresponds to one channel; or the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 itself includes a second arbitrary waveform generator 13 with multi-channel output, and the multiple output channels of the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 correspond to the multiple read-in signal transmission channels.

[0263] On the same channel of the read-in signal, the output end of a second arbitrary waveform generator 13 is connected to the input end of a second IQ mixer 14, and the other input end of the second IQ mixer 14 is connected to the output end of a microwave source 8.

[0264] On the same channel, the output end of the second IQ mixer 14 is connected to the input end of a second signal distribution device 15.

[0265] In this way, the second combiner 19 will have the input of multi-channel read-in signals. The second combiner 19 combines the multi-channel read-in signals and then outputs them. In this way, each channel uses a corresponding second signal distribution device 15. The signals coupled out by multiple second signal distribution devices 15 are all combined through the second combiner 19, and then down-converted using the same microwave source 8 to obtain the signals that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect and analyze. This architecture not only realizes the expansion and integration of the multi-bit measurement and control circuit of the read-in signal, but also reduces the demand for the channels of the microwave source 8 in terms of hardware. While simplifying the structure, it saves the hardware cost.

[0266] The process of the measurement and control system of the above quantum computer for real-time monitoring of the read-in signal is briefly described as follows:

[0267] The second arbitrary waveform generator 13 in the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17 emits the required multi-channel baseband signals, which are respectively input to the second IQ mixing module 18. In the second IQ mixing module 18, each second IQ mixer 14 mixes the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 with it to generate a high-frequency signal. Then, after each second signal distribution device 15 in the second signal distribution module 23 couples out a part of the signal respectively, they are combined to form a read-in signal. The read-in signal obtained after combination is connected to the demodulation and mixing module 16, and then mixed with the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to be down-converted into the signal that the quantum analyzer 3 can collect. When there is a problem with the signal emitted by the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17, or there is a problem with the second IQ mixing module 18, or the microwave source 8 fails to emit normally, etc., the host computer connected to the quantum analyzer 3 can know in real time. In the second embodiment above, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixing module 18 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation and mixing module 16.

[0268] The above embodiments three and four are improvements for both the control signal channel and the read-in signal channel simultaneously, in order to realize the monitoring of the control signal and / or the read-in signal, or to realize the monitoring of whether the emission order of the two is abnormal.

[0269] Those skilled in the art can learn from the descriptions of the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 that the improvement of the control signal channel in the present application is similar to the improvement of the read-in signal channel. In specific implementation, the control signal channel can be improved alone to monitor the control signal, or the read-in signal channel can be improved alone to monitor the read-in signal, or both can be improved simultaneously to monitor both. For various possible implementation manners, reference can be made to the descriptions of the structures and principles of the foregoing embodiments.

[0270] In the above-mentioned Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4, the host computer 20 is connected to the microwave source 8 through the switch 21. And the host computer 20 is respectively connected to the first arbitrary waveform generator 6 (or the first arbitrary waveform generation module 11), the second arbitrary waveform generator 13 (or the second arbitrary waveform generation module 17), and the quantum signal analyzer through the switch 21. In a possible embodiment, the host computer 20 can also be directly connected to them without passing through the switch 21. The switch 21 can also be other replaceable network devices as long as the communication function can be realized.

[0271] In the above-mentioned Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixer 14 or the second IQ mixing module 18 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation call mixing module 16.

[0272] In the above-mentioned Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4, the second signal distribution device 15 can also be, for example, a power splitter or a directional coupler.

[0273] In the above-mentioned Embodiment 3 Figure 5 and Embodiment 4 Figure 6 , the Z signal determines the working frequency of the qubits in the quantum processing unit. When the frequency of the XY signal is equal to the working frequency of the qubits, the qubits will be excited. The read-in signal and the read-out signal are used to obtain the state of the qubits.

[0274] It can be understood that in the above-mentioned Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 4, for the control signals and read-in signals of multiple channels, multiple local oscillator signals can also be used for demodulation, and this is also possible.

[0275] The measurement and control system in each of the above embodiments of the present application is for the measurement and control system of a quantum computer. Preferably, the quantum computer is a superconducting quantum computer. Correspondingly, the quantum processing unit 22 is a superconducting quantum chip. However, alternatively, the quantum computer can also be any suitable quantum computer such as an ion trap quantum computer, a photonic quantum computer, a topological quantum computer, a neutral atom quantum computer, a silicon-based quantum computer, or a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer. As long as it is an improvement idea or improvement scheme based on the measurement and control system of the quantum computer of the present invention, it should fall within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for quantum computers of different systems, the structure, principle, form, etc. of the quantum processing unit 22 may be different, but they are all processing units with qubits.

[0276] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present invention also provide a quantum computer and a signal monitoring method for a quantum computer. Since the principles of the problems solved by the quantum computer and the signal monitoring method for the quantum computer are similar to those of the measurement and control system of the aforementioned quantum computer, the implementation of the quantum computer and the signal monitoring method for the quantum computer can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned system, and the repeated parts will not be elaborated.

[0277] A quantum computer provided by an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 7 as shown, includes: the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer as described above and the quantum processing unit 22;

[0278] The control signal monitoring unit 2 in the measurement and control system is connected to the quantum processing unit 22, and is used to couple out a part of the control signal sent by the control signal generating unit 1 in the measurement and control system, demodulate it and output it to the quantum analyzer 3 for collection and analysis, and output the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit 22 for controlling qubits.

[0279] Further, the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer in the above quantum computer, referring to Figure 7 as shown, may further include: a host computer 20;

[0280] The host computer 20 is respectively connected to the control signal monitoring unit 2 and the quantum analyzer 3 in the measurement and control system 24 of the quantum computer;

[0281] The host computer 20 is used to control the control signal generating unit 1 to generate a control signal; and monitor whether the control signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the signals collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer 3.

[0282] A signal monitoring method for a quantum computer provided by an embodiment of the present invention uses the measurement and control system of the aforementioned quantum computer to monitor the control signal to be emitted.

[0283] In the above-mentioned signal monitoring method of the quantum computer, the microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the first IQ mixer 7 or the first IQ mixing module 12 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer 5;

[0284] The microwave signal output by the microwave source 8 to the second IQ mixer 14 or the second IQ mixing module 18 is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixing module 16.

[0285] The quantum computer is a superconducting quantum computer. However, alternatively, the quantum computer can also be any suitable quantum computer such as an ion trap quantum computer, a photonic quantum computer, a topological quantum computer, a neutral atom quantum computer, a silicon-based quantum computer, or a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer.

[0286] Furthermore, when the above-mentioned signal monitoring method of the quantum computer is specifically implemented, it includes the following steps:

[0287] The control signal monitoring unit in the measurement and control system of the quantum computer partially couples out the control signal generated by the control signal generating unit, demodulates it and outputs it to the quantum analyzer, and outputs the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit for controlling the quantum bits;

[0288] The quantum analyzer collects and analyzes the demodulated signal output by the control signal monitoring unit;

[0289] The host computer monitors whether the control signal is sent and whether it is abnormal according to the demodulated signal collected and analyzed by the quantum processing unit.

[0290] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned signal monitoring method can also monitor the read-in signal to be transmitted by the measurement and control system using the aforementioned quantum computer; and when necessary, it can also monitor whether the order of the read-in signal and the control signal is correct.

[0291] For the monitoring process, reference can be made to the description of the embodiment of the measurement and control system of the aforementioned quantum computer, which will not be elaborated here.

[0292] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0293] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and combinations of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate means for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0294] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0295] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one flow Figure 1 one flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0296] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A measurement and control system for a quantum computer, characterized in that Comprising: A control signal generation unit, a control signal monitoring unit, and a quantum analyzer; The control signal generation unit is configured to generate control signals for manipulating qubits in a quantum processing unit of a quantum computer; The input end of the control signal monitoring unit is connected to the control signal generation unit, and the output end is respectively connected to the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit; the control signal monitoring unit is configured to partially couple out the control signals generated by the control signal generation unit, demodulate them and output them to the quantum analyzer, and output the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit to control the qubits; The quantum analyzer is configured to collect and analyze the demodulated signals output by the control signal monitoring unit to monitor the control signals.

2. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control signal monitoring unit includes: a first signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer; wherein: The first signal distribution device is connected between the control signal generation unit and the quantum processing unit; The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the first signal distribution device and the control signal generation unit, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The first signal distribution device is configured to couple out a part of the control signals generated by the control signal generation unit and output them to the demodulation mixer, and output the remaining control signals to the quantum processing unit; The demodulation mixer is configured to demodulate the control signals coupled out by the first signal distribution device and output them to the quantum analyzer; The quantum analyzer is further configured to collect and analyze the control signals demodulated by the demodulation mixer to monitor the control signals.

3. The measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control signal generation unit includes: a first arbitrary waveform generator, a first IQ mixer, and a microwave source; The first arbitrary waveform generator is configured to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer; The input ends of the first IQ mixer are respectively connected to the first arbitrary waveform generator and the microwave source; the output end of the first IQ mixer is connected to the first signal distribution device; the microwave source is configured to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer; The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first signal distribution device, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The first IQ mixer is configured to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device; The microwave source is further configured to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixer is specifically configured to mix the control signals output by the first signal distribution device with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source, down-convert them into signals that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer, and output them to the quantum analyzer.

4. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, wherein The control signal monitoring unit includes: a first signal distribution module, a first combiner, and a demodulation mixer; The first combiner is disposed between the first signal distribution module and the demodulation mixer; The first signal distribution module includes a plurality of first signal distribution devices; the plurality of first signal distribution devices are connected to the first combiner; The plurality of first signal distribution devices are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the control signal generating unit in a corresponding manner; each first signal distribution device is used to couple out a part of the control signal of the corresponding channel; The first combiner is used to combine and output the signals coupled by the plurality of first signal distribution devices; The demodulation mixer is used to demodulate the signal output after being combined by the first combiner and input it into the quantum analyzer.

5. The measurement and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control signal generating unit specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generating module, a first IQ mixing module, and a microwave source; The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The first arbitrary waveform generating module includes a plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators; The first IQ mixing module includes a plurality of first IQ mixers; The first arbitrary waveform generator in the first arbitrary waveform generating module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module; The first IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device; The plurality of first IQ mixers in the first IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the plurality of first arbitrary waveform generators in the first arbitrary waveform generating module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source in a corresponding manner to form a plurality of control signal generating channels; wherein, the input end of each first IQ mixer is respectively connected to the microwave source and the first arbitrary waveform generator of the same channel; the output end of each first IQ mixer is respectively connected to the input end of the first signal distribution device of the same channel in the first signal distribution module in a corresponding manner; The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the first combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

6. The measurement and control system according to claim 4, wherein The control signal generating unit specifically includes: a first arbitrary waveform generating module, a first IQ mixing module, and a microwave source; The input end of the demodulation mixer is respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The first arbitrary waveform generating module includes a first arbitrary waveform generator with multi-channel output ends; The first IQ mixing module includes a plurality of first IQ mixers; The first arbitrary waveform generator in the first arbitrary waveform generation module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the first IQ mixer in the first IQ mixing module; The first IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the first signal to the first signal distribution device; A plurality of first IQ mixers in the first IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the first arbitrary waveform generation module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source to form a plurality of control signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each first IQ mixer are respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source and the first arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output ends of each first IQ mixer are respectively connected to the input ends of the first signal distribution devices in the same channel of the first signal distribution module in a corresponding manner; The input ends of the demodulation mixer are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the first combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The microwave source is further used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixer is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the first combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer.

7. The measurement and control system according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The measurement and control system further includes: a read-in signal generation unit and a read-in signal monitoring unit; The input end of the read-in signal monitoring unit is connected to the read-in signal generation unit, and the output end is respectively connected to the quantum analyzer and the quantum processing unit; The read-in signal generation unit is used to generate a read-in signal for the quantum processing unit of the quantum computer to read the state of the quantum bits in the quantum processing unit; The read-in signal monitoring unit is used to partially couple out a part of the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generation unit, demodulate it and output it to the quantum analyzer, and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit; The quantum analyzer is used to collect and analyze the demodulated signal output by the read-out signal monitoring unit to monitor the read-in signal; The quantum analyzer is further used to collect and analyze the signal output by the quantum processing unit to read the state of the quantum bits.

8. The measurement and control system according to claim 7, wherein, The read-in signal monitoring unit includes: a second signal distribution device and a demodulation mixer module; The second signal distribution device is connected between the read-in signal generation unit and the quantum processing unit, and is used to partially couple out the read-in signal generated by the read-in signal generation unit and output it to the demodulation mixer module, and output the remaining read-in signal to the quantum processing unit; The input ends of the demodulation mixer module are respectively connected to the second signal distribution device and the read-in signal generation unit, and the output end of the demodulation mixer module is connected to the quantum analyzer; The demodulation mixer module is used to demodulate the read-in signal coupled out by the second signal distribution device and output it to the quantum analyzer; The quantum analyzer is further configured to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer module, so as to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

9. The measurement and control system according to claim 8, wherein, The read-in signal generating unit includes: a second arbitrary waveform generator, a second IQ mixer, and a microwave source; The second arbitrary waveform generator is configured to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer; The input ends of the second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the second arbitrary waveform generator and the microwave source; the output end of the second IQ mixer is connected to the second signal distribution device; the microwave source is configured to output a local oscillator signal to the second IQ mixer; The input ends of the demodulation mixer module are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the second signal distribution device, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer is connected to the quantum analyzer; The second IQ mixer is configured to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device; The microwave source is further configured to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the control signal to the demodulation mixer module; The demodulation mixer module is specifically configured to mix the read-in signal output by the second signal distribution device with the local oscillator signal output by the microwave source, down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer, and output it to the quantum analyzer.

10. The measurement and control system according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The measurement and control system further includes: a read-in signal generating unit and a read-in signal monitoring unit; The read-in signal monitoring unit includes: a second signal distribution module, a second combiner, and a demodulation mixer module; The second combiner is disposed between the second signal distribution module and the demodulation mixer module; The second signal distribution module includes a plurality of second signal distribution devices; the plurality of second signal distribution devices are connected to the second combiner; The plurality of second signal distribution devices are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the read-in signal generating unit; each second signal distribution device is configured to couple out a part of the read-in signal of the corresponding channel; The second combiner is configured to combine the signals coupled by the plurality of second signal distribution devices and output them; The demodulation mixer module is configured to demodulate the signal output after being combined by the second combiner and input it to the quantum analyzer.

11. The measurement and control system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The read-in signal generating unit specifically includes: a second arbitrary waveform generating module, a second IQ mixing module, and a microwave source; The input ends of the demodulation mixer module are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the second combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixer module is connected to the quantum analyzer; The second arbitrary waveform generating module includes a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators; The second IQ mixing module includes a plurality of second IQ mixers; The second arbitrary waveform generator in the second arbitrary waveform generation module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module; The second IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device; A plurality of second IQ mixers in the second IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the output ends of a plurality of second arbitrary waveform generators in the second arbitrary waveform generation module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source in a corresponding manner to form a plurality of read-in signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the microwave source and the second arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output ends of each second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the input ends of the second signal distribution devices in the same channel of the second signal distribution module in a corresponding manner; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixing module is specifically used to mix the signal output after being combined by the second combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer; The quantum analyzer is further used to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixing module to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

12. The measurement and control system according to claim 10, wherein The read-in signal generation unit specifically includes: a second arbitrary waveform generation module, a second IQ mixing module, and a microwave source; The input ends of the demodulation mixing module are respectively connected to the quantum processing unit, the output end of the second combiner, and the microwave source, and the output end of the demodulation mixing module is connected to the quantum analyzer; The second arbitrary waveform generation module includes a second arbitrary waveform generator with multi-channel output ends; The second IQ mixing module includes a plurality of second IQ mixers; The second arbitrary waveform generator in the second arbitrary waveform generation module is used to transmit a baseband signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal to the second IQ mixer in the second IQ mixing module; The second IQ mixer is used to mix the baseband signal and the local oscillator signal and output the second signal to the second signal distribution device; A plurality of second IQ mixers in the second IQ mixing module are respectively connected to the multi-channel output ends of the second arbitrary waveform generation module and the multi-channel output ends of the microwave source in a corresponding manner to form a plurality of read-in signal generation channels; wherein, the input ends of each second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the output ends of the microwave source and the second arbitrary waveform generator in the same channel; the output ends of each second IQ mixer are respectively connected to the input ends of the second signal distribution devices in the same channel of the second signal distribution module in a corresponding manner; The microwave source is used to output a local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal to the demodulation mixer; The demodulation mixer module is specifically configured to mix the signal output after being combined by the second combiner with the local oscillator signal for demodulating the read-in signal, and down-convert it into a signal that can be collected and analyzed by the quantum analyzer; The quantum analyzer is further configured to collect and analyze the read-in signal demodulated by the demodulation mixer module, so as to monitor the read-in signal and / or monitor the relative order of the control signal and the read-in signal.

13. The measurement and control system according to any one of claims 7-12, characterized in that, The read-in signal generation unit and the control signal generation unit share the same microwave source.

14. The measurement and control system according to any one of claims 3, 5-6, 9, and 11-12, characterized in that, The microwave signal output by the microwave source to the first IQ mixer or the first IQ mixer module is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer; The microwave signal output by the microwave source to the second IQ mixer or the second IQ mixer module is the same as the microwave signal output to the demodulation mixer module.

15. The measurement and control system according to any one of claims 2-13, characterized in that, The first signal distribution device is a power splitter or a directional coupler; The second signal distribution device is a power splitter or a directional coupler.

16. The measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement and control system is the measurement and control system in a superconducting quantum computer, and the quantum processing unit is a superconducting quantum chip.

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