River channel desilting silt separation device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sediment separation, and particularly relates to a river channel desilting sediment separation device which comprises a desilting ship, a supporting frame and a separation cavity, a screening barrel is rotationally connected into the separation cavity, an impeller is driven by water flow to drive a forward and reverse rotation assembly, the screening barrel is made to alternately rotate forwards and reversely, and gravel and muddy water are separated through centrifugal force during forward rotation; during reverse rotation, gravel accumulation is destroyed, and synchronous deslagging is triggered; in the reverse rotation process, the transmission assembly intermittently abuts against the knocking assembly, the outer wall of the screen hole is knocked through high-frequency vibration, and the problem of viscous sediment blockage is solved; meanwhile, in the reverse rotation process, the valve plate is driven to be opened synchronously, and periodic discharge of grit is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sediment separation, and specifically refers to a river dredging sediment separation device. Background Art

[0002] In river dredging operations, sediment separation is a key technical link. In existing sediment separation technologies, traditional separation devices usually adopt a single rotary screening method to separate sediment from water through centrifugal force. The existing sediment separation devices have the following problems: (1) The screening cylinder usually rotates unidirectionally or is fixed, and gravel accumulates on the surface of the sieve holes under the action of centrifugal force. Especially when treating high-sand-content slurry, the sieve holes are easily blocked by sand grains, and frequent shutdowns are required for cleaning, seriously affecting the treatment efficiency; (2) Traditional devices often only achieve preliminary separation of mud and water. Gravel accumulates in the screening cylinder, directly increasing the operating resistance of the equipment, and higher rotational speeds or powers are required to maintain the separation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a river dredging sediment separation device. By using water flow to drive an impeller to drive a forward and reverse rotation assembly, the screening cylinder intermittently rotates forward and backward, realizing efficient separation of gravel and muddy water and avoiding blockage problems caused by excessive accumulation; when the screening cylinder rotates in reverse, the transmission assembly and the knocking assembly intermittently move into contact, and the knocking assembly performs high-frequency vibration knocking on the outer wall of the screening cylinder, destroying the adhesion of sand grains on the surface of the sieve holes and solving the blockage problem caused by the viscosity of sediment; when the screening cylinder rotates in reverse, the slag discharge assembly opens the gravel discharge channel, realizing periodic discharge of gravel, avoiding excessive accumulation of gravel, hindering the passage of muddy water, and reducing the treatment capacity.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This solution provides a river dredging sediment separation device, including a dredging ship and a support frame. The dredging ship provides an operating platform, and the support frame is fixedly arranged on the dredging ship. A separation cavity is fixedly arranged on the support frame, which is the main place for sediment separation. A screening cylinder is rotatably connected to the inner bottom wall of the separation cavity, and sediment is filtered through rotation and sieve holes. A baffle is fixedly arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the separation cavity, and knocking assemblies are arranged in a circumferential array on the baffle to help the gravel in the sieve holes fall off. A transmission assembly that is in movable contact with the knocking assemblies is arranged on the baffle to achieve the knocking action; A water flow housing is fixedly arranged on the upper wall of the separation cavity. The water flow housing and the screening cylinder are connected through a pipeline. A driving assembly is arranged in the water flow housing to drive the screening cylinder to rotate and realize sediment separation. A forward and reverse rotation assembly that is in transmission cooperation with the driving assembly is arranged on the upper wall of the screening cylinder to control the forward and reverse rotation of the screening cylinder. The forward and reverse rotation assembly is in movable contact with the transmission assembly. A slag discharge assembly is arranged on the screening cylinder to remove the accumulated gravel in the screening cylinder.

[0005] Further, the knocking component includes a sliding plate, a connecting rod, and a knocking column; the sliding plate is slidably connected to the upper wall of the baffle and serves as a carrier for the knocking column. The top end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the sliding plate, and the bottom end of the connecting rod extends into the separation cavity to transmit the movement of the sliding plate to the knocking column. The knocking columns are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the connecting rod to help the gravel in the sieve holes fall off.

[0006] Further, the driving component includes a rotating shaft and impeller blades. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the separation cavity. A reciprocating piston rod is threadedly connected to the axis of the rotating shaft to perform reciprocating motion and provide a negative pressure state. A guide rod is axially penetrated through the reciprocating piston rod, and the top end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the water flow shell. A transmission shaft sleeve is slidably arranged on the bottom wall of the rotating shaft to transmit positive and reverse driving forces. The impeller blades are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the rotating shaft.

[0007] Further, the positive and reverse rotation component includes a positive rotation inner shaft and a reverse rotation shaft sleeve; the positive rotation inner shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper wall of the sieving cylinder, the reverse rotation shaft sleeve is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper wall of the sieving cylinder, the positive rotation inner shaft is nested in the reverse rotation shaft sleeve, and both the positive rotation inner shaft and the reverse rotation shaft sleeve are movably engaged with the transmission shaft sleeve and serve as power input shafts to transmit the rotational power to the sieving cylinder.

[0008] Further, the slag discharging component includes a valve plate and a driven gear. The valve plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sieving cylinder to control the discharge of gravel. A plurality of valve plates are arranged in a circumferential array. The driven gear is in transmission cooperation with the valve plate. A rack is fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the valve plate, and the driven gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sieving cylinder to control the opening and closing of the valve plate.

[0009] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention with the above structure are as follows: (1) The device uses water flow to drive the impeller to drive the positive and reverse rotation component, so that the sieving cylinder rotates intermittently in the positive and reverse directions. When the sieving cylinder rotates forward, the separation of gravel and muddy water is achieved through centrifugal force. The gravel is thrown to the surface of the sieve holes due to its larger mass, and the muddy water is discharged through the sieve holes. When the sieving cylinder rotates in reverse, the reverse movement destroys the stable accumulation state of the gravel, and it is not necessary to stop the sediment separation device to avoid excessive accumulation and blockage, which affects the sieving efficiency of the sieving cylinder; (2) When the sieving cylinder rotates in reverse, the reverse rotation shaft sleeve meshes with the ratchet, so that the cam intermittently and actively contacts the sliding plate. The sliding plate moves away from the reverse rotation shaft sleeve to compress the return spring to accumulate elastic potential energy. After the contact is released, the elastic potential energy is quickly released, driving the knocking column to perform high-frequency vibration knocking on the outer wall of the sieving cylinder, destroying the adhesion force of the sand grains on the surface of the sieve holes, and solving the blockage problem caused by the viscosity of the sediment; (3) Meanwhile, when the screening cylinder rotates in reverse, by utilizing the linkage design of the driven gear and the rack, the valve plate is driven to move away from each other, opening the gravel discharge channel. The valve plate synchronously opens to discharge the accumulated gravel, realizing the periodic discharge of gravel, avoiding excessive accumulation of gravel, preventing muddy water from passing through, and reducing the treatment capacity. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a river dredging sediment separation device proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the separation cavity proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 3 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the separation cavity proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged view at A in Figure 5 is Figure 3 a partial enlarged view at B in Figure 6 is a schematic transmission structure diagram of the driving component and the forward and reverse rotation component proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 is Figure 6 a partial enlarged view at C in Figure 8 is a schematic structure diagram of the transmission shaft sleeve proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic structure diagram of the slag discharge component proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 10 is a schematic structure diagram of the transmission component proposed by the present invention; Figure 11 is a schematic structure diagram of the slag discharge component proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 12 is a schematic structure diagram of the reciprocating piston rod proposed by the present invention.

[0011] Wherein, 1, dredging ship; 2, support frame; 3, separation cavity; 31, baffle; 32, water flow housing; 4, screening cylinder; 5, knocking component; 51, sliding plate; 52, connecting rod; 53, knocking column; 54, return spring; 6, transmission component; 61, ratchet; 62, cam; 7, driving component; 71, rotating shaft; 72, impeller blade; 73, reciprocating piston rod; 74, transmission shaft sleeve; 75, guide rod; 8, forward and reverse rotation component; 81, forward rotation inner shaft; 821, elastic plate; 822, pawl; 82, reverse shaft sleeve; 9, slag discharge component; 91, valve plate; 92, driven gear; 93, rack; 94, tension spring.

[0012] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form a part of the description. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0013] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0014] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1-5 and Figure 7, this embodiment provides a river dredging sediment separation device, including a dredging ship 1 and a support frame 2. The support frame 2 is fixedly arranged on the deck of the dredging ship 1. A separation cavity 3 is fixedly arranged on the support frame 2. A muddy water discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the separation cavity 3 in a through manner. A sieve cylinder 4 is rotatably connected to the inner bottom wall of the separation cavity 3. A baffle 31 is fixedly arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the separation cavity 3. A knocking component 5 is arranged in a circumferential array on the baffle 31. The knocking component 5 includes a sliding plate 51, a connecting rod 52 and a knocking column 53. The sliding plate 51 is slidably connected to the upper wall of the baffle 31. The side wall of the sliding plate 51 at the end far from the inner circumferential wall of the separation cavity 3 is curved. A return spring 54 is fixedly arranged at the end of the sliding plate 51 close to the inner circumferential wall of the separation cavity 3. The other end of the return spring 54 is fixedly connected to the inner circumferential wall of the separation cavity 3. The top end of the connecting rod 52 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the sliding plate 51. The bottom end of the connecting rod 52 extends into the separation cavity 3. The knocking columns 53 are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the connecting rod 52. A transmission component 6 in active contact with the knocking component 5 is arranged on the baffle 31. The transmission component 6 includes a ratchet wheel 61 and a cam 62. The ratchet wheel 61 is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the baffle 31. The ratchet wheel 61 is sleeved on a reverse shaft sleeve 82. A first groove is formed on the outer circumferential wall of the reverse shaft sleeve 82. An elastic plate 821 and a pawl 822 are respectively rotatably connected to both ends of the first groove. The elastic plate 821 is located inside the pawl 822 and is used to lift the pawl 822 to engage with the ratchet teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the ratchet wheel 61. The cams 62 are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer circumferential wall of the ratchet wheel 61. The cams 62 are in active contact with the sliding plate 51. A water flow housing 32 is fixedly arranged on the upper wall of the separation cavity 3. An inlet pipe is arranged on the circumferential wall of the water flow housing 32. The inlet pipe is communicated with a cutter suction pump. It should be noted that the cutter suction pump is a prior art and will not be elaborated here. The water flow housing 32 and the sieve cylinder 4 are communicated through a pipe. A driving component 7 is arranged in the water flow housing 32. The driving component 7 includes a rotating shaft 71 and impeller blades 72. The rotating shaft 71 is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the separation cavity 3. A reciprocating piston rod 73 is threadedly connected to the axis of the rotating shaft 71. A guide rod 75 is arranged through the axis of the reciprocating piston rod 73. The top end of the guide rod 75 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the water flow housing 32. A transmission shaft sleeve 74 is slidably clamped and connected to the bottom wall of the rotating shaft 71. Transmission teeth are arranged on both the outer circumferential wall and the inner circumferential wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 74. The impeller blades 72 are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the rotating shaft 71. A forward and reverse rotation component 8 in transmission cooperation with the transmission shaft sleeve 74 is arranged on the upper wall of the sieve cylinder 4. The forward and reverse rotation component 8 includes a forward rotation inner shaft 81 and a reverse shaft sleeve 82. The forward rotation inner shaft 81 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper wall of the sieve cylinder 4. Outer driven teeth are arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the forward rotation inner shaft 81. The outer driven teeth of the forward rotation inner shaft 81 are meshed with the transmission teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 74. The reverse shaft sleeve 82 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper wall of the sieve cylinder 4. Inner driven teeth are arranged on the inner circumferential wall of the reverse shaft sleeve 82. The inner driven teeth of the reverse shaft sleeve 82 are meshed with the transmission teeth on the outer circumferential wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 74. The forward rotation inner shaft 81 is nested inside the reverse shaft sleeve 82. The forward and reverse rotation component 8 is in active contact with the transmission component 6.

[0015] In this embodiment, a cutter suction pump is used to disperse and suck the bottom sludge into the water flow housing 32. The water flow drives the impeller blades 72 and the rotating shaft 71 to rotate, and then enters the sieve cylinder 4 through a pipeline. The rotation of the rotating shaft 71 drives the transmission teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 74 to first engage with the forward rotating inner shaft 81. The forward rotating inner shaft 81 drives the sieve cylinder 4 to rotate forward. Under the action of centrifugal force, the sediment water in the sieve cylinder 4 contacts the sieve cylinder 4, and the sand with large particles is filtered out, while the muddy water is discharged through the muddy water discharge pipe of the separation cavity 3. At the same time, during the rotation of the rotating shaft 71, the reciprocating piston rod 73 moves upward along the guide rod 75 under the action of the thread, generating negative pressure at the axis of the rotating shaft 71, driving the transmission shaft sleeve 74 to move upward simultaneously until the transmission shaft sleeve 74 disengages from the forward rotating inner shaft 81. After continuing to move upward, the transmission teeth on the outer circumferential wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 74 engage with the reverse rotating shaft sleeve 82. The reverse rotating shaft sleeve 82 drives the sieve cylinder 4 to rotate in the reverse direction. At this time, some of the gravels thrown on the sieve holes of the sieve cylinder 4 move inward during the reverse rotation. At the same time, when the reverse rotating shaft sleeve 82 and the sieve cylinder 4 rotate in the reverse direction, the pawl 822 engages with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 61, driving the ratchet wheel 61 and the cam 62 to rotate. During the rotation of the cam 62, it is in movable contact with the slide plate 51. Under the action of the inclined plane, the cam 62 pushes the slide plate 51 away from the reverse rotating shaft sleeve 82, compressing the return spring 54. When the cam 62 disengages from the slide plate 51, the elastic potential energy of the return spring 54 is released, driving the slide plate 51 to approach the reverse rotating shaft sleeve 82, and the knocking column 53 on the connecting rod 52 knocks on the outer circumferential wall of the sieve cylinder 4, further separating the gravels in the sieve holes of the sieve cylinder 4, reducing the probability of blockage of the sieve cylinder 4, realizing the cleaning of the sieve holes in the non-stop state of the sediment separation device, so as to improve the subsequent sediment separation effect. After the reciprocating piston rod 73 moves to the top and then moves downward in the reverse direction, it pushes the transmission shaft sleeve 74 to move downward simultaneously under the negative pressure state until the transmission teeth on the inner circumferential wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 74 engage with the forward rotating inner shaft 81 again.

[0016] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is based on the above embodiment. Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 8, in this embodiment, the slag discharging assembly 9 includes a valve plate 91 and a driven gear 92. A second groove is formed on the lower circumferential wall of the sieving cylinder 4. The valve plate 91 is slidably connected to the top wall inside the second groove. There are three valve plates 91 arranged in a circumferential array. A rack 93 is fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the valve plate 91. One end of the rack 93 located inside the second groove is fixedly provided with a tension spring 94. The other end of the tension spring 94 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second groove. The driven gear 92 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sieving cylinder 4. The inner circumferential wall inside the second groove is provided with internal teeth that mesh with the teeth of the driven gear 92. The driven gear 92 meshes with the rack 93; Two helical grooves with opposite helix directions are formed on the circumferential wall of the reciprocating piston rod 73. The pitch of one of the helical grooves is greater than that of the other. A gravel discharge pipe is provided on the bottom wall of the separation cavity 3; In this embodiment, the accumulation of gravel will increase the difficulty of centrifugal separation. When the sieving cylinder 4 rotates in the reverse direction, it drives the driven gear 92 and the rack 93 to mesh, causing the three valve plates 91 to move away from each other simultaneously. A channel is opened in the middle of the valve plate 91 to discharge the gravel accumulated in the sieving cylinder 4. The sediment separation device does not need to stop. The continuously flowing slurry water is beneficial to the discharge of gravel. At the same time, to avoid the discharge of excessive slurry water, during the reverse rotation process, the rotating shaft 71 meshes with the helical groove with a larger pitch on the reciprocating piston rod 73, and the downward displacement speed of the reciprocating piston rod 73 becomes faster to reduce the reverse rotation time of the sieving cylinder 4; During the forward rotation of the sieving cylinder 4, the driven gear 92 and the rack 93 mesh, causing the three valve plates 91 to move towards each other simultaneously until the gravel discharge pipe is closed, stretching the tension spring 94. The tension spring 94 at the end of the rack 93 is stretched. The spring force direction of the tension spring 94 is opposite to the moving direction of the valve plate 91, forming a reverse pre-tightening force. The elastic force of the tension spring 94 is transmitted to the driven gear 92 through the rack 93, keeping the meshing surface between the rack 93 and the driven gear 9 in a compressed state all the time to avoid idling during reverse rotation.

[0017] The above describes the present invention and its implementation manners. Such description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and without departing from the gist of the present invention creation, they design similar structural manners and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, and all should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sediment separation device for river dredging, comprising a dredging boat (1) and a support frame (2), the support frame (2) being fixedly arranged on the dredging boat (1), and characterized in that: A separation cavity (3) is fixedly arranged on the support frame (2). A sieving cylinder (4) is rotatably arranged on the inner bottom wall of the separation cavity (3). A baffle plate (31) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the separation cavity (3). A knocking component (5) is arranged in a circumferential array on the baffle plate (31). A transmission component (6) which is in movable contact with the knocking component (5) is arranged on the baffle plate (31). A water flow housing (32) is fixedly arranged on the upper wall of the separation cavity (3). A driving component (7) is arranged in the water flow housing (32). The water flow housing (32) and the sieving cylinder (4) are communicated through a pipeline. A forward and reverse rotation component (8) which is in transmission cooperation with the driving component (7) is arranged on the upper wall of the sieving cylinder (4). The forward and reverse rotation component (8) is in movable contact with the transmission component (6). A slag discharging component (9) is arranged on the sieving cylinder (4).

2. The sediment separation device for river dredging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The knocking component (5) includes a sliding plate (51), a connecting rod (52) and a knocking column (53). The sliding plate (51) is slidably connected to the upper wall of the baffle plate (31). The top end of the connecting rod (52) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the sliding plate (51). The bottom end of the connecting rod (52) extends into the separation cavity (3). The knocking columns (53) are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the connecting rod (52).

3. A river channel dredging sediment separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component (7) includes a rotating shaft (71) and impeller blades (72). The rotating shaft (71) is rotatably connected to the upper wall of the separation cavity (3). The impeller blades (72) are arranged in an array on the circumferential wall of the rotating shaft (71).

4. The sediment separation device for river dredging according to claim 3, wherein: A reciprocating piston rod (73) is threadedly connected to the axis of the rotating shaft (71). A guide rod (75) is arranged through the axis of the reciprocating piston rod (73). The top end of the guide rod (75) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the water flow housing (32). A transmission shaft sleeve (74) is slidably arranged on the bottom wall of the rotating shaft (71).

5. The sediment separation device for river dredging according to claim 4, wherein: The forward and reverse rotation component (8) includes a forward rotation inner shaft (81) and a reverse rotation shaft sleeve (82). The forward rotation inner shaft (81) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper wall of the sieving cylinder (4). The reverse rotation shaft sleeve (82) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the upper wall of the sieving cylinder (4). The forward rotation inner shaft (81) is nested in the reverse rotation shaft sleeve (82).

6. The sediment separation device for river dredging according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both the forward rotation inner shaft (81) and the reverse rotation shaft sleeve (82) are in movable engagement with the transmission shaft sleeve (74).

7. The sediment separation device for river dredging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag discharging component (9) includes a valve plate (91) and a driven gear (92). The valve plate (91) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sieving cylinder (4). The driven gear (92) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sieving cylinder (4). The driven gear (92) is in transmission cooperation with the valve plate (91).

Images