Fixed bed capable of reducing pressure drop and temperature and replacing catalyst

Abstract

The invention provides a fixed bed capable of reducing pressure drop and temperature and replacing a catalyst. The fixed bed is characterized by comprising a fixed bed body and a functional assembly, the functional assembly is installed in the fixed bed body and comprises a first partition plate, a second partition plate and a cooling piece. Wherein the cooling piece is mounted between the first partition plate and the second partition plate; the first partition plate and the second partition plate can form acute included angles with the fixed bed. The reaction is more sufficient through the two layers of partition plates with holes, the retention time is prolonged, the pressure drop in the fixed bed is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the heat dissipation coil pipe is connected, the reaction temperature is reduced, the service life of the catalyst is prolonged, and the catalyst can be replaced due to the fact that the two large holes are formed in the middle of each partition plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of chemical reactors, and specifically, to a fixed bed that can reduce pressure drop and temperature and can replace catalysts. Background Art

[0002] Fixed bed reactors have a wide range of engineering application backgrounds in the fields of chemical engineering, petroleum, environmental protection, etc. It is usually used in catalytic reactions, multiphase reactions, adsorption separation and other processes, and has the advantages of simple structure, stable operation, easy to scale up, etc. In chemical production, fixed bed reactors are commonly used in catalytic reactions such as ammonia synthesis, methanol synthesis, and hydrocarbon hydrogenation, as well as multiphase reactions such as catalytic cracking and oxidation. In the field of petroleum refining, it is used in processes such as hydrodesulfurization, hydrocracking, and catalytic reforming to improve the quality of oil products and produce high-value-added products. In environmental protection, fixed bed reactors are used for waste gas treatment (such as catalytic combustion, selective catalytic reduction) and water treatment (such as adsorption or catalytic degradation of pollutants). In the energy field, it is used for synthesis of fuels (such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, methanation) and biomass conversion (such as pyrolysis, gasification). In addition, it also has important applications in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, and gas separation and purification.

[0003] However, fixed bed reactors also face some challenges in engineering applications. For example, strong exothermic reactions may cause hot spots in the bed, affecting catalyst life and reaction selectivity; high gas velocities or fine particle beds may lead to excessive pressure drop, increasing energy consumption; the problem of catalyst deactivation also needs to be solved by regular replacement or regeneration. In order to optimize the performance of fixed bed reactors, engineers usually need to comprehensively consider aspects such as reactor design, operating conditions, and catalyst selection, and verify and optimize through experimental or simulation means. In short, fixed bed reactors play an important role in industrial production due to their wide applications and mature engineering technologies, but the optimization of their performance and problem-solving are still key topics in engineering practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the above defects, and provides a fixed bed with a simple structure. By adding two layers of perforated partitions, the reaction becomes more sufficient, the pressure drop is reduced, the residence time is increased, a cooling coil is introduced on the partition, and by continuously changing the water during the reaction process, the reaction temperature is reduced, and holes are opened on the partition for replacing the deactivated catalyst, thereby optimizing the performance of the fixed bed.

[0005] The present invention provides a fixed bed that can reduce pressure drop and temperature and can replace catalysts, which is characterized in that it includes a fixed bed body and functional components;

[0006] The above-mentioned functional components are installed in the fixed bed body and include a first partition, a second partition, and a cooling member;

[0007] Among them, the above-mentioned cooling member is installed between the first partition plate and the second partition plate;

[0008] Both the above-mentioned first partition plate and the second partition plate are shaped to form an acute angle with the fixed bed. Preferably, the angle is 15 - 65°.

[0009] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0010] The central positions of the above-mentioned first partition plate and the second partition plate are provided with catalyst replacement holes.

[0011] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0012] A number of through holes are evenly distributed on the above-mentioned first partition plate and the second partition plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0014] The above-mentioned first partition plate and the second partition plate are shaped like a trapezoid.

[0015] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0016] The above-mentioned cooling member is a disc cooler.

[0017] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0018] The shape of the above-mentioned cooling member matches that of the first partition plate and the second partition plate.

[0019] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0020] The above-mentioned cooling member is arranged closer to the second partition plate than the first partition plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0022] The above-mentioned cooling member has an interface penetrating the side wall of the fixed bed body;

[0023] The above-mentioned interface is docked with an external condensed water supply device.

[0024] Furthermore, a fixed bed provided by the present invention for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing the catalyst is further characterized in that:

[0025] There are more than one set of the above-mentioned functional components;

[0026] Each functional component is arranged in parallel inside the fixed bed body.

[0027] Functions and effects of the present invention:

[0028] In the present invention, the reaction is made more sufficient through two layers of perforated partition plates, the residence time is increased, the pressure drop inside the fixed bed is reduced, and the energy consumption is lowered. By connecting a heat dissipation coil, the reaction temperature is reduced, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged. By opening two relatively large holes in the middle of the partition plate, the catalyst can be replaced. Description of the drawings

[0029] Figure 1 , Structural schematic diagram of a fixed bed that can reduce pressure drop and temperature and can replace the catalyst provided in this embodiment.

[0030] Figure 2 , Structural schematic diagram of the second partition plate and the cooling member of a fixed bed that can reduce pressure drop and temperature and can replace the catalyst provided in this embodiment.

[0031] Figure 3 , Structural schematic diagram of the first partition plate of a fixed bed that can reduce pressure drop and temperature and can replace the catalyst provided in this embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The present invention can be implemented with various changes and can have various embodiments. Therefore, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described herein. However, this is not to limit the present invention to specific implementation manners, but should be understood to include all changes, equivalents, and substitutes that fall within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0033] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment relates to a fixed bed that can reduce pressure drop and temperature and can replace the deactivated catalyst. Taking a fixed bed with the following dimensions as an example, when the dimensions of the fixed bed change in actual applications, proportional adjustment or adjustment as needed can be made according to the volume of the fixed bed.

[0034] The inner diameter of this fixed bed 1 is 50 mm, the height is 200 mm, and the wall thickness is 5 mm.

[0035] A layer of perforated first partition plate 2 is provided at a place 70 mm away from the top of the fixed bed. The first partition plate 2 forms a 45° angle with the fixed bed 1 (45° in this embodiment, and this angle can be adjusted according to the volume of the equipment and actual usage needs), and there is a 10-mm round hole in the middle for loading and replacing the catalyst.

[0036] According to the experiments, it can be found that the inclined baffle can reduce the pressure drop more slowly rather than quickly reducing the pressure drop in the fixed-bed reactor. If the inlet velocity is too high, too rapid a reduction in the flow rate may lead to backflow, ultimately resulting in poor reaction performance. Therefore, having a certain inclination angle can achieve a more stable pressure reduction effect.

[0037] The first baffle 2 is evenly distributed with through holes, which are smaller than the central circular hole and are used for the material to pass through.

[0038] The second baffle 3 is installed at a position approximately 10 mm away from the first baffle 2, and the structure and shape of the second baffle 3 are the same as those of the first baffle 2.

[0039] A refrigeration coil 4 with a height of 3 mm is laid on the second baffle 3 to cool down the reaction that occurs. The outer shape of the refrigeration coil 4 is the same as that of the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3.

[0040] In this embodiment, the refrigeration coil 4 is arranged closer to the second baffle 3. This structure can improve the durability of the refrigeration coil. According to the test results, if it is arranged in the middle or far away from any baffle, under the erosion of a large amount of fluid during the long-term reaction process, its loss rate will increase.

[0041] The functions and effects of this embodiment:

[0042] In this embodiment, by adding two layers of perforated baffles in the middle of the catalyst and laying a refrigeration coil, and continuously changing the water for heat dissipation, the effect of cooling the fixed bed is achieved. The double-layer baffle can also play a role in reducing the pressure drop. A slightly larger hole is opened in the middle of the baffle to facilitate the replacement of the deactivated catalyst in the later stage and also increase the residence time.

[0043] Although the above has been described centering on the embodiments, this is only an illustration and does not limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art are aware that various deformations and applications not illustrated above can be made without departing from the essential characteristics of this embodiment. For example, each component specifically shown in the embodiment can be deformed and implemented. Moreover, various differences related to such deformations and applications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fixed bed that reduces pressure drop and temperature and can replace the catalyst, characterized in that: It includes a fixed bed body and functional components; The functional components are installed inside the fixed bed body and include a first partition board, a second partition board, and a cooling member; Among them, the cooling member is installed between the first partition board and the second partition board; Both the first partition board and the second partition board are shaped to form an acute angle with the fixed bed.

2. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: The central positions of the first partition board and the second partition board have catalyst replacement holes.

3. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: A number of through holes are evenly distributed on the first partition board and the second partition board.

4. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: The first partition board and the second partition board are shaped like a trapezoid.

5. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling member is a disk cooler.

6. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: The shape of the cooling member matches that of the first partition board and the second partition board.

7. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling member is arranged closer to the second partition board than the first partition board.

8. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: The cooling member has an interface that penetrates the side wall of the fixed bed body; The interface is docked with an external condensate supply device.

9. The fixed bed for reducing pressure drop and temperature and capable of replacing catalysts according to claim 1, wherein: There is more than one group of the functional components; Each group of functional components is arranged in parallel inside the fixed bed body.

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