A water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with fiber laser and high-pressure water jet

Abstract

The present invention discloses a water-guided laser processing device that directly couples a fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet. The device includes a mounting base and an optical fiber. The mounting base has a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity, and an ejection cavity. The water inlet cavity is located between the ejection cavity and the mounting cavity and communicates with the ejection cavity and the mounting cavity. The water inlet cavity is adapted to allow high-pressure water to flow into the ejection cavity through the water inlet cavity and eject the high-pressure water jet through the ejection cavity. The optical fiber is disposed within the mounting cavity, with the upper end of the optical fiber extending outside the mounting cavity and adapted to receive the laser. The lower end of the optical fiber is disposed within the water inlet cavity and is spaced vertically from the ejection cavity. The optical fiber moves vertically relative to the ejection cavity. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled to the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet of the present invention has advantages such as low energy loss and low maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of special processing, and in particular to a water-guided laser processing method and device directly coupled with an optical fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet. Background Art

[0002] Water-guided laser processing is a processing method based on the principle of total reflection of light. It uses an extremely fine high-pressure water jet to guide laser energy to the surface of the workpiece to remove material.

[0003] In related technologies, the transmission and coupling process of laser beams is very complicated. In the transmission link, whether a spatial light laser or a fiber laser is used, the laser beam needs to be converted into a collimated beam first during the transmission process, and then transmitted through a complex optical path system. In this system, several optical devices, such as reflectors, beam expanders, etc., usually need to be installed to ensure the reliability and safety of laser beam transmission; in the coupling link, the collimated laser beam needs to be focused by a focusing mirror and then pass through the gem window, and rely on the servo control system to accurately adjust the laser focus point to match the spatial position of the high-pressure micro-water jet to achieve effective coupling of the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet, resulting in complex structure of laser processing equipment, high energy loss, high maintenance cost and complex operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a water-guided laser processing device that directly couples a fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet, which has a simple structure, low energy loss, and low maintenance cost.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with an optical fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet includes: a mounting seat, the mounting seat having a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity, and a jet cavity, the water inlet cavity being arranged between the jet cavity and the mounting cavity and being in communication with the jet cavity and the mounting cavity, the water inlet cavity being suitable for introducing high-pressure water so that the high-pressure water flows into the jet cavity through the water inlet cavity and ejects a high-pressure water jet through the jet cavity; an optical fiber, the optical fiber being inserted into the mounting cavity, the upper end of the optical fiber extending out of the mounting cavity and suitable for introducing laser light, the lower end of the optical fiber being inserted into the water inlet cavity, the lower end of the optical fiber being spaced apart from the jet cavity in the vertical direction, the optical fiber being movable relative to the jet cavity in the vertical direction so as to adjust the relative position of the optical fiber and the jet cavity to couple the laser light with the high-pressure water jet ejected from the jet cavity.

[0007] The water-guided laser processing device of the embodiment of the present invention, which directly couples a fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet, is provided with an optical fiber and a mounting seat. The optical fiber transmission can replace the optical path system and coupling system in the water-guided laser processing device in the related art. By moving the optical fiber up and down, the laser and the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection chamber are coupled, which significantly simplifies the structure of the water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet, and reduces the operation complexity and maintenance cost.

[0008] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet is characterized in that it also includes a mounting member, the mounting member is arranged in the mounting cavity and is movable in the up and down directions relative to the mounting cavity, the mounting member is provided with a mounting hole that passes through the mounting member in the up and down directions, the optical fiber is arranged in the mounting hole so that the mounting member drives the optical fiber to move.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mounting hole includes a first section and a second section connected to each other along the up-down direction, and in a projection plane orthogonal to the up-down direction, the projection of the second section is located within the first section. The optical fiber includes a third section and a fourth section connected to each other, the third section including a protective layer, a cladding, and a fiber core, the protective layer being arranged on the outer peripheral side of the cladding, and the cladding being arranged on the outer peripheral side of the fiber core, the fourth section being arranged at the lower end of the third section and connected to the third section, the fourth section including a cladding and a fiber core, the cladding being arranged on the outer peripheral side of the fiber core, the third section being arranged within the first section, and the fourth section being arranged within the second section.

[0010] In some embodiments, the mounting seat further includes a water injection channel, one end of which is suitable for introducing high-pressure water, and the other end of which is connected to the water inlet cavity so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity through the water injection channel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet further includes: a fiber laser, which is used to generate laser light and is connected to the upper end of the optical fiber so that the laser light generated by the fiber laser can pass into the optical fiber; a laser power meter, which is arranged below the mounting seat and is arranged relative to the injection cavity in the up and down directions so that the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity is sprayed onto the laser power meter, and the laser power meter is used to detect the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet further includes a quartz glass sheet, which is arranged between the laser power meter and the mounting seat so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet through the quartz glass sheet.

[0013] In some embodiments, the processing device has an adjustment state and a processing state. In the adjustment state, the laser power meter is located below the injection chamber so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser detected in the high-pressure water jet, and drives the optical fiber to move up and down until the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet measured by the laser power meter is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser. In the processing state, the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser, and the injection chamber is suitable for being located above the workpiece so as to process the workpiece.

[0014] In some embodiments, the lower end surface of the optical fiber is flat to ensure uniform energy distribution of the laser beam emitted from the optical fiber.

[0015] In some embodiments, the diameter of the bare fiber of the optical fiber is The distance between the lower end face of the optical fiber and the upper end face of the injection cavity is d, the injection cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity connected to each other in the vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of the inner circumference of the first cavity is cylindrical and constant in the vertical direction, the height of the first cavity is h and the diameter of the first cavity is The cross-sectional area of the inner circumference of the second cavity increases gradually from top to bottom, and the diameter of the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity is The refractive index of the laser beam in the optical fiber in air is The refractive index of the laser beam in water in the optical fiber is , the optical fiber numerical aperture is NA, and the d satisfies the formula:

[0016] .

[0017] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet further includes a booster pump, which is connected to the water inlet chamber so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet chamber through the booster pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a front view of a water-guided laser processing device that directly couples a fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2It is a schematic structural diagram of a water-guided laser processing device in which a fiber laser is directly coupled to a high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of direct coupling of optical fiber laser and high-pressure water jet in a water-guided laser processing device in which optical fiber laser and high-pressure water jet are directly coupled in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] 100. Water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with fiber laser and high-pressure water jet;

[0023] 1. Mounting seat; 11. Mounting cavity; 12. Water inlet cavity; 13. Spray cavity; 131. First cavity; 132. Second cavity;

[0024] 2. Optical fiber; 21. Third section; 22. Fourth section;

[0025] 3. Mounting part; 31. Sleeve; 32. First mounting part; 33. Sealing rubber plug; 34. Second mounting part; 35. Mounting tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0027] The following describes a water-guided laser processing device with direct coupling of a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a water-guided laser processing device 100 directly coupled with an optical fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a mounting base 1 and an optical fiber 2 .

[0029] The mounting base 1 comprises a mounting cavity 11, a water inlet cavity 12 and a spray cavity 13. The water inlet cavity 12 is arranged between the spray cavity 13 and the mounting cavity 11 and is in communication with the spray cavity 13 and the mounting cavity 11. The water inlet cavity 12 is adapted to be filled with high-pressure water so that the high-pressure water flows through the water inlet cavity 12 into the spray cavity 13 and sprays out a high-pressure water jet through the spray cavity 13. Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the mounting seat 1 can be installed on a machine tool and located above the workpiece. The mounting seat 1 is provided with a chamber that passes through the mounting seat 1 in the up and down directions. The chamber can be divided into a mounting chamber 11, a water inlet chamber 12 and a spray chamber 13 in the up and down directions. The mounting chamber 11 is provided above the water inlet chamber 12 and is connected to the water inlet chamber 12. The water inlet chamber 12 is provided above the spray chamber 13 and is connected to the spray chamber 13. High-pressure water can be introduced into the water inlet chamber 12, so that the high-pressure water flows into the spray chamber 13 through the water inlet chamber 12 and is sprayed onto the workpiece through the spray chamber 13.

[0030] The optical fiber 2 is arranged in the installation cavity 11 and the upper end of the optical fiber 2 extends out of the installation cavity 11 and is suitable for passing the laser. The lower end of the optical fiber 2 is arranged in the water inlet cavity 12 and the lower end of the optical fiber 2 is spaced apart from the injection cavity 13 in the vertical direction. The optical fiber 2 moves in the vertical direction relative to the injection cavity 13 to adjust the relative position of the optical fiber 2 and the injection cavity 13 so that the laser is coupled with the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity 13. Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the optical fiber 2 is arranged in the installation cavity 11, and the upper end of the optical fiber 2 can pass through the installation cavity 11 and pass into the laser, and the lower end of the optical fiber 2 is arranged in the water inlet cavity 12 and is located above the injection cavity 13, so that the laser in the optical fiber 2 is irradiated into the injection cavity 13 through the water inlet cavity 12. By adjusting the position of the optical fiber 2 up and down, the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity 13 are coupled. In other words, the sign of successful coupling of the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet is that the laser beam is totally reflected at the water-air interface inside the high-pressure water jet. The laser beam reaches the surface of the workpiece through multiple total reflections along the high-pressure water jet. The material in the impact area of the high-pressure water jet on the workpiece absorbs the laser energy and vaporizes or melts, and the vaporized or melted products are carried away by the water film, thereby realizing the processing of the material.

[0031] The water-guided laser processing device 100, which directly couples a fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet, includes an optical fiber 2 and a mounting base 1. Because laser energy loss is minimal when propagating through the optical fiber 2, the energy density of the laser beam emitted from the end face of the optical fiber 2 has a nearly Gaussian distribution in the cross-sectional direction, and its spatial distribution approximates a uniform cone. Therefore, the optical fiber 2 can be used for transmission to replace the optical path and coupling systems in water-guided laser processing devices in related art. Furthermore, by moving the optical fiber 2, the laser is coupled to the high-pressure water jet ejected from the ejection chamber 13. This significantly simplifies the structure of the water-guided laser processing device 100, which directly couples the fiber laser with the high-pressure water jet, reduces operational complexity and maintenance costs, and improves processing efficiency and stability.

[0032] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100 directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet further includes a mounting member 3, which is disposed in the mounting cavity 11 and is movable in the vertical direction relative to the mounting cavity 11. The mounting member 3 is provided with a mounting hole that passes through the mounting member 3 in the vertical direction, and the optical fiber 2 is disposed in the mounting hole so that the mounting member 3 drives the optical fiber 2 to move. Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the mounting member 3 is inserted into the mounting cavity 11 and can be moved in the up and down directions on the mounting member 3. The mounting member 3 is provided with a mounting hole that passes through the mounting member 3 in the up and down directions. The optical fiber 2 is fixed in the mounting seat 1. The mounting seat 1 can drive the optical fiber 2 to move in the up and down directions, thereby providing an installation foundation for the optical fiber 2 through the mounting member 3.

[0033] In some embodiments, the mounting member 3 includes a sleeve 31 , a first mounting member 32 , a sealing rubber plug 33 , and a second mounting member 34 .

[0034] The sleeve 31 is arranged in the mounting cavity 11 and can move in the up and down directions in the mounting cavity 11. The first mounting piece 32 is passed through the upper end portion of the sleeve 31 and is threadedly engaged with the upper end portion of the sleeve 31. The second mounting piece 34 is provided in the lower end portion of the sleeve 31 and is threadedly engaged with the lower end portion of the sleeve 31. The sealing rubber plug 33 is provided in the sleeve 31 and is located between the first mounting piece 32 and the second mounting piece 34. The first mounting piece 32 is provided with a first hole passing through the first mounting piece 32, the second mounting piece 34 is provided with a second hole passing through the second mounting piece 34, and the sealing rubber plug 33 is provided with a third hole passing through the sealing rubber plug 33. The first hole, the second hole and the third hole are connected in sequence to form a mounting hole. The optical fiber 2 is passed through the first hole, the second hole and the third hole and is passed through the first mounting piece 32 and the second mounting piece 34 in the sealing rubber plug 33, so that the optical fiber 2 is installed in the sleeve 31.

[0035] In some embodiments, the mounting member 3 includes a mounting tube 35, which is sleeved on the upper end of the mounting seat 1 and threadedly engaged with the outer peripheral surface of the upper end of the mounting seat 1. The upper end of the sleeve 31 is provided with a boss and is located outside the mounting cavity 11 and is connected to the mounting tube 35 by a screw. Thus, by rotating the mounting tube 35, the sleeve 31 is driven to move up and down in the mounting cavity 11.

[0036] In some embodiments, the mounting hole includes a first section and a second section connected to each other along the up-down direction, and in a projection plane orthogonal to the up-down direction, the projection of the second section is located within the first section. The optical fiber 2 includes a third section 21 and a fourth section 22 connected to each other, the third section 21 includes a protective layer, a cladding and a fiber core, the protective layer is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the cladding, and the cladding is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the fiber core, the fourth section 22 is arranged at the lower end of the third section 21 and is connected to the third section 21, the fourth section 22 includes a cladding and a fiber core, the cladding is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the fiber core, the third section is arranged within the first section, and the fourth section is arranged within the second section.

[0037] Specifically, if Figure 1 — Figure 3 As shown, the first section is a cylindrical shape with a constant cross-section in the up-down direction, the second section is a cylindrical shape with an unbraided cross-sectional area extending in the up-down direction and the diameter of the first section is larger than the diameter of the second section, the third section 21 includes a protective layer, a cladding and a core, the protective layer and the cladding provide mechanical protection and environmental isolation, the fourth section 22 is a bare fiber section and only the cladding and the core are retained, thus, the third section 21 is arranged in the first section and the first section accommodates the optical fiber 2 with a protective layer through a larger aperture, the protective layer is matched with the hole wall gap of the first section, the fourth section 22 is arranged in the second section with a smaller aperture, when the lower end face of the third section 21 contacts the upper end face of the second section, the second section serves as a positioning reference surface, which can accurately control the insertion depth of the optical fiber 2 to avoid its longitudinal displacement due to vibration or external force.

[0038] In some embodiments, the mounting base 1 further includes a water injection channel (not shown in the figures), one end of which is adapted to admit high-pressure water, and the other end of which communicates with the water inlet chamber 12, allowing high-pressure water to flow through the water injection channel into the water inlet chamber 12. Specifically, the water injection channel extends in a left-right direction, with an inlet extending outside the mounting base 1 and allowing for the introduction of high-pressure water, and an outlet communicating with the water inlet chamber 12, thereby allowing high-pressure water to flow through the water injection channel into the water inlet chamber 12.

[0039] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100 directly coupling a fiber laser with a high-pressure water jet further includes a fiber laser and a laser power meter for measurement.

[0040] A fiber laser is used to generate laser light and is connected to the upper end of optical fiber 2 so that the laser light generated by the fiber laser can pass into optical fiber 2. Specifically, the fiber laser serves as a light source and its output end is precisely docked with the upper end of optical fiber 2. The laser light generated by the laser is transmitted through optical fiber 2, and the protective layer ensures the stability of the optical path when mechanically fixed.

[0041] The laser power meter is located below the mounting base 1 and vertically opposite the injection chamber 13, allowing the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection chamber 13 to hit the laser power meter. The laser power meter is used to detect the power of the laser within the high-pressure water jet. Specifically, the laser power meter is vertically mounted directly below the injection chamber 13, with its photosensitive surface strictly coaxial with the axis of the water jet. The water flow carries the laser beam and impacts the power meter target surface. Real-time power monitoring is achieved by detecting the energy distribution of the light spot, and the feedback data is used for closed-loop control of the laser output.

[0042] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100, which directly couples a fiber laser to a high-pressure water jet, further includes a quartz glass plate positioned between the laser power meter and mounting base 1, allowing the laser power meter to detect the power of the laser within the high-pressure water jet through the quartz glass plate. Thus, the quartz glass plate is vertically sealed between the jet chamber 13 and the laser power meter, forming a high-pressure water-tight interface and preventing high-pressure water from contaminating the optical surface measured by the laser power meter. Furthermore, the precision polishing and surface shape control of the quartz glass plate maintain the quality of laser beam transmission, avoid the introduction of additional aberrations, and ensure the measurement accuracy of the laser power meter.

[0043] In some embodiments, the processing device has an adjustment state and a processing state. In the adjustment state, the laser power meter is located below the injection chamber 13, so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser detected in the high-pressure water jet, and drives the optical fiber 2 to move up and down until the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet measured by the laser power meter is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser. In the processing state, the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser, and the injection chamber 13 is suitable for being located above the workpiece to process the workpiece. Specifically, if the distance between the lower end face of optical fiber 2 and the bottom surface of water inlet chamber 12 is too large, the laser beam will enter the water chamber, causing the laser energy to ablate the inner wall of the water guide head and damage the mounting base 1, making direct coupling impossible. Since the high-pressure water near the jet chamber 13 flows at a high velocity, if the distance between the lower end face of optical fiber 2 and the bottom surface of water inlet chamber 12 is too small, the high-pressure water flow rate of optical fiber 2 will be too high, causing the high-pressure water flow rate of optical fiber 2 to jitter. Furthermore, if the end face of optical fiber 2 is too close, the laminar flow within the jet chamber 13 will be disrupted, generating turbulence, resulting in an unstable jet ejected from the jet chamber 13 and making direct coupling impossible. Therefore, before using the processing device, it is necessary to adjust the processing device to an adjustment state. When the laser power within the high-pressure water jet measured by the laser power meter differs significantly, optical fiber 2 is moved upward or downward until the laser power within the high-pressure water jet measured by the laser power meter is close to the laser power within the high-pressure water jet. This indicates that the laser and high-pressure water jet are successfully coupled, and adjustment of optical fiber 2 is stopped. The processing device is then placed in a processing state, allowing the processing device to process the workpiece.

[0044] In some embodiments, the lower end surface of the optical fiber 2 is flat to ensure uniform energy distribution of the laser beam emitted by the optical fiber 2. Specifically, the lower end surface of the optical fiber 2 is cut by an optical fiber 2 cutting machine to ensure the flatness of the lower end surface of the optical fiber 2, and the flat end surface of the optical fiber 2 can ensure uniform energy distribution of the emitted laser beam.

[0045] In some embodiments, as Figure 4 As shown, is the diameter of the bare fiber of the optical fiber 2, the distance between the lower end face of the optical fiber 2 and the upper end face of the injection cavity 13 is d, the injection cavity 13 includes a first cavity 131 and a second cavity 132 that are connected to each other in the vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of the inner circumference of the first cavity 131 is cylindrical and constant in the vertical direction, the height of the first cavity 131 is h and the diameter of the first cavity 131 is The cross-sectional area of the inner circumference of the second cavity 132 increases gradually from top to bottom, and the diameter of the high-pressure water jet ejected from the ejection cavity 13 is The refractive index of the laser beam in optical fiber 2 in air is The refractive index of the laser beam in optical fiber 2 in water is , the numerical aperture of fiber 2 is NA, and d satisfies the formula:

[0046] .

[0047] Specifically, considering that the diameter of the high-pressure water jet is approximately the aperture of the injection cavity 13, the first incident point of the optical fiber 2 laser at the water-air interface inside the high-pressure water jet should be located below the lower edge of the cylindrical part of the nozzle, that is, the distance from the end face of the optical fiber 2 to the upper edge of the nozzle should satisfy Equation 6, so as to prevent the laser energy from damaging the nozzle.

[0048]

[0049] When Equation 6 is satisfied and the high-pressure water jet remains stable, the optical fiber 2 laser can be directly coupled with the high-pressure water jet, and Equation 6 can be satisfied by operating the adjustment component on the upper part of the direct coupling water guide head to fine-tune the end face position of the optical fiber 2. Thus, the end face position of the optical fiber 2 can be adjusted by the adjustment component on the upper part of the direct coupling water guide head to couple the laser and the high-pressure water jet.

[0050] In some embodiments, the water-guided laser processing device 100 directly coupled with the fiber laser and the high-pressure water jet further includes a booster pump (not shown in the figure). The booster pump is connected to the water inlet chamber 12 so that high-pressure water flows into the water inlet chamber 12 through the booster pump. In this way, stable high-pressure water is provided to the water inlet chamber 12.

[0051] The following describes in detail the water-guided laser processing device 100 of the direct coupling of fiber laser and high-pressure water jet according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes an optical fiber 2, a first mounting member 32, an adjusting nut, an adjusting nut baffle, a mounting member 3, a second mounting member 34, a sealing rubber plug 33, a mounting seat 1, and several sealing rings. The assembly process of the water-guided laser processing device 100 directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet is as follows: first, screw the first mounting member 32 into the lower portion of the sleeve 31; after the optical fiber 2 with the cut end face is passed through the first mounting member 32, put on the sealing rubber plug 33; insert the optical fiber 2 together with the sealing rubber plug 33 into the sleeve 31; then screw the first mounting member 32 into the sleeve 31 until the sealing rubber plug 33 is squeezed to achieve a seal; then, insert a sealing ring into the sleeve 31, and insert the entire sleeve into the mounting cavity 11 of the mounting seat 1; then, insert a sealing ring into the nozzle (the nozzle can be part of the mounting seat 1, and the inner circumference of the nozzle defines the mounting cavity 11) and insert it into the mounting seat 1; finally, insert a sealing ring onto the outside of the sleeve 31 to complete the assembly. The operation method of the device to achieve the coupling of fiber 2 laser and high-pressure water jet is as follows: first turn on the fiber laser indicator light, place the detection head of the laser power meter just below the nozzle, place a high-transmittance quartz glass piece above the detection head to isolate the water flow, and then start the high-pressure water circuit. After the high-pressure water jet stabilizes, if the reading of the laser power meter is close to the rated power of the indicator light, it is considered that the coupling is successful. If the difference between the two is large, it is considered that the coupling has failed and the high-pressure water circuit needs to be closed. After the water pressure in the water guide head is reduced, the position of the end face of fiber 2 is adjusted, and then the above steps are repeated to measure and compare again. The above steps are repeated until the fiber 2 laser and the high-pressure water jet are successfully coupled; finally, under the premise of successful coupling, the fiber laser is allowed to output energy to process the workpiece.

[0052] The actual operation steps of the water-guided laser processing process of the present invention can be divided into four main steps, among which the first, second and third steps are the key steps of the present invention.

[0053] The first step is to cut the optical fiber 2 to ensure that the end face of the optical fiber 2 is flat and the light output is uniform.

[0054] The second step is to assemble the direct-coupled water-guided head and install it on the water-guided laser processing machine.

[0055] The third step is to turn on the indicator light of the fiber laser, adjust the position of the end face of optical fiber 2 by adjusting the nut, start the water booster pump, and measure the laser power at the bottom of the water jet with a laser power meter after the water jet stabilizes. If the reading is close to the rated power of the indicator light, the coupling is considered successful. If the difference between the two is large, turn off the water booster pump, readjust the position of the end face of optical fiber 2, and measure and compare again. Repeat this step several times until the coupling is successful.

[0056] In the fourth step, after the fiber 2 laser is successfully coupled with the high-pressure water jet, the workpiece is clamped, safety gear is put on, and the fiber laser is allowed to output energy to process the workpiece.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0058] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0059] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0060] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0061] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0062] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet, characterized in that: include: a mounting seat, the mounting seat comprising a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity, and a spray cavity, the water inlet cavity being disposed between the spray cavity and the mounting cavity and communicating with the spray cavity and the mounting cavity, the water inlet cavity being adapted to admit high-pressure water, so that the high-pressure water flows through the water inlet cavity into the spray cavity and sprays out a high-pressure water jet through the spray cavity; an optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber is disposed within the mounting cavity, the upper end of the optical fiber extends outside the mounting cavity and is suitable for passing a laser beam, the lower end of the optical fiber is disposed within the water inlet cavity, and the lower end of the optical fiber is vertically spaced from the ejection cavity, and the optical fiber moves vertically relative to the ejection cavity to adjust the relative position of the optical fiber and the ejection cavity to couple the laser beam with the high-pressure water jet ejected from the ejection cavity; The diameter of the bare fiber of the optical fiber is The distance between the lower end face of the optical fiber and the upper end face of the injection cavity is d, the injection cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity connected to each other in the vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of the inner circumference of the first cavity is cylindrical and constant in the vertical direction, the height of the first cavity is h and the diameter of the first cavity is The cross-sectional area of the inner circumference of the second cavity increases gradually from top to bottom, and the diameter of the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection cavity is The refractive index of the laser beam in the optical fiber in air is The refractive index of the laser beam in water in the optical fiber is , the optical fiber numerical aperture is NA, and the d satisfies the formula: 。 2. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a mounting member, which is arranged in the mounting cavity and is movable in the up and down directions relative to the mounting cavity. The mounting member is provided with a mounting hole that passes through the mounting member in the up and down directions. The optical fiber is arranged in the mounting hole so that the mounting member drives the optical fiber to move.

3. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting hole includes a first section and a second section connected to each other along the up-down direction, and in a projection plane orthogonal to the up-down direction, the projection of the second section is located within the first section. The optical fiber includes a third section and a fourth section connected to each other, the third section includes a protective layer, a cladding and a core, the protective layer is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the cladding, and the cladding is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the core, the fourth section is arranged at the lower end of the third section and connected to the third section, the fourth section includes a cladding and a core, the cladding is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the core, the third section is arranged in the first section, and the fourth section is arranged in the second section.

4. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting seat further comprises a water injection channel, one end of which is suitable for introducing high-pressure water, and the other end of which is communicated with the water inlet cavity so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet cavity through the water injection channel.

5. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A fiber laser, which is used to generate laser light and is connected to the upper end of the optical fiber so that the laser light generated by the fiber laser passes into the optical fiber; Laser power meter measurement, the laser power meter is arranged below the mounting seat and is arranged relative to the injection chamber in the up and down directions, so that the high-pressure water jet ejected from the injection chamber is sprayed onto the laser power meter measurement, and the laser power meter measurement is used to detect the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet.

6. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a quartz glass plate, which is arranged between the laser power meter and the mounting seat, so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet through the quartz glass plate.

7. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 5, characterized in that: The processing device has an adjustment state and a processing state. In the adjustment state, the laser power meter is located below the injection chamber so that the laser power meter measures the power of the laser detected in the high-pressure water jet, and drives the optical fiber to move up and down until the power of the laser detected in the high-pressure water jet measured by the laser power meter is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser. In the processing state, the power of the laser in the high-pressure water jet is equal to the power of the laser emitted by the fiber laser, and the injection chamber is suitable for being located above a workpiece so as to process the workpiece.

8. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end surface of the optical fiber is flat to ensure uniform energy distribution of the laser beam emitted by the optical fiber.

9. The water-guided laser processing device directly coupled with a fiber laser and a high-pressure water jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a booster pump, which is connected to the water inlet chamber so that the high-pressure water flows into the water inlet chamber through the booster pump.

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