Machining tool for large-length-diameter-ratio thin-wall shell

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lathe machining, and particularly discloses a machining tool for a large-length-diameter-ratio thin-wall shell. The tool apron transverse slide carriage and the follow rest transverse slide carriage are arranged on the longitudinal slide carriage in a sliding mode through the same adjusting lead screw, and threads, corresponding to the tool apron transverse slide carriage and the follow rest transverse slide carriage, in the adjusting lead screw are opposite; the follow rest is arranged on the follow rest transverse slide carriage; comprising a C-shaped frame body, first abutting assemblies are slidably arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the C-shaped frame body, and the ends, close to each other, of the two first abutting assemblies are used for abutting against a workpiece; the two guide slide rails are respectively positioned above and below the C-shaped frame body, and the distance between the two guide slide rails is gradually reduced along the direction of the follow rest transverse slide carriage close to the tool apron transverse slide carriage; the two ends, away from each other, of the two first abutting assemblies are correspondingly clamped to the two guide sliding rails in a sliding mode. Compared with a traditional follow rest, movement of the follow rest and abutting of the first abutting assembly can be achieved only by rotating the adjusting lead screw, and the whole installing and adjusting process is convenient and fast.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of lathe machining, and particularly relates to a machining tool for large length-diameter ratio thin-walled shells. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machine tool machining, shaft tube parts with an L / D value greater than 25 are generally collectively referred to as slender workpieces, also known as large length-diameter ratio workpieces (slender shafts generally refer to solid ones, and thin-walled shells generally refer to hollow tube types); such workpieces are generally machined on the surface of a horizontal lathe. Due to their slender shape, their overall rigidity is poor. When a turning tool mills its surface, the workpiece is prone to bending under force and vibration occurs, resulting in the surface of the machined workpiece being in a waist drum shape or a gourd shape. For this reason, a follower rest and a steady rest are generally equipped on the horizontal lathe. Among them, the follower rest is similar to a follower rest used when turning a slender shaft disclosed in ZL202121531580.9, and the steady rest is similar to the slender shaft steady rest disclosed in ZL201911115880.6, both of which tighten the slender workpiece by a plurality of annularly distributed threaded rods; among them, the follower rest can move together with the turning tool, making the force on the cutting position of the slender workpiece more balanced and making the slender workpiece not easily bend and deform; while the steady rest is generally fixedly mounted in the middle of the slender workpiece to reduce the L / D value to improve the rigidity of the slender workpiece, thereby reducing the vibration of the slender workpiece during cutting and thus improving the cutting quality. Since relative rotation occurs between the steady rest and the slender workpiece during the turning tool cutting process of the slender workpiece, heat is generated at this position and deformation occurs, affecting the machining quality.

[0003] The patent document with the publication number CN215616448U discloses a follower rest used when turning a slender shaft. Among them, a support plate and positioning bolts are provided to support the slender workpiece, thereby realizing the clamping of the slender workpiece. However, it can only realize the clamping of the slender workpiece through the positioning bolts and cannot retreat as a whole. Therefore, it is relatively inconvenient to install and disassemble the slender workpiece; another patent document with the publication number CN213164122U discloses a follower rest for turning a slender shaft on a lathe. The slender workpiece therein is supported by a support plate and adjusted through a mounting plate, a pin shaft, and a fixing pin, thereby realizing the operation of approaching or moving away from the workpiece, so as to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the slender workpiece; although it solves the problem of inconvenient disassembly and assembly in the patent document with the publication number CN215616448U mentioned above, both the follower rest and the tool need to be moved separately to approach the workpiece, which is rather troublesome; and although the existing slender workpieces are limited by the follower rest or the steady rest during the turning process, there is still a certain amount of vibration, thus affecting the turning accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a machining tool for large length-diameter ratio thin-walled shells to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of this application is: A tool for processing a thin-walled shell with a large aspect ratio, comprising: vertical slide; The tool holder horizontal slide plate and the tool rest horizontal slide plate are slidably arranged on the longitudinal slide plate through the same adjusting screw, and the threads of the adjusting screw corresponding to the tool holder horizontal slide plate and the tool rest horizontal slide plate are opposite; The tool rest is arranged on the tool rest horizontal slide plate; it comprises a C-shaped frame body, and first abutment components are slidably arranged on the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame body, and the ends of the two first abutment components close to each other are used for abutting the workpiece; The two guide rails are respectively located above and below the C-shaped frame, and the distance between the two guide rails gradually decreases along the direction in which the follower rest cross slide approaches the tool holder cross slide; the two ends of the two first abutment components that are far away from each other are respectively slidably clamped on the two guide rails.

[0006] Preferably, the first abutment assembly comprises a first sleeve and a first sliding shaft that are slidably mounted together, and a first spring is disposed between the first sleeve and the first sliding shaft; A first abutment wheel is rotatably provided at one end of the first sleeve away from the first sliding shaft, and a first sliding block is rotatably provided at one end of the first sliding shaft away from the first sleeve.

[0007] Preferably, a first adjusting rod is coaxially threadedly connected inside the first sliding shaft, one end of the first adjusting rod abuts against the first spring, and an annular gear set is disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the other end; The first sliding shaft is provided with a first clearance gap; the guide slide rail is provided with a bar-shaped tooth set; the bar-shaped tooth set can be meshed with the annular tooth set through the first clearance gap.

[0008] Preferably, the tool rest further comprises a second abutment assembly slidably arranged on the C-shaped frame body in a horizontal direction; A second sliding block is slidably disposed on the guide rail located below, a connecting rod is hingedly disposed on the second sliding block, and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected to an end of the second abutting assembly away from the workpiece; A limit rod is slidably provided on the horizontal slide plate of the follower rest, and the limit rod is hinged to the second sliding block.

[0009] Preferably, the tool rest horizontal slide includes an upper slide slidably arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the tool rest is arranged on the upper slide; The upper slide plate is provided with a narrow slot, a sliding shaft is provided in the narrow slot along the up-down direction, and the sliding shaft radially penetrates the limit rod; A second spring is sleeved on the sliding shaft, and the second spring is located above the limiting rod.

[0010] Preferably, the second abutment assembly comprises a second sleeve and a second sliding shaft that are slidably sleeved together, and a third spring is provided between the second sleeve and the second sliding shaft; A second abutment wheel is disposed at one end of the second sleeve away from the second sliding shaft, and one end of the second sliding shaft away from the second sleeve is hinged to the connecting rod.

[0011] Preferably, a second adjusting rod is slidably disposed inside the second sliding shaft, and a clamping ring group is disposed on a section of the outer peripheral wall of the second adjusting rod away from the second sleeve; and a second clearance notch is disposed on the second sleeve corresponding to the clamping ring group; An arc-shaped portion is provided at one end of the connecting rod connected to the second sliding shaft, and a shifting gear group is provided on the arc-shaped portion; The shifting tooth set can be engaged with the engaging circular ring set through the second clearance notch.

[0012] Preferably, the tooling further comprises an airflow damping sleeve, and the airflow damping sleeve is arranged on the outer edge of the workpiece; The airflow damping sleeve comprises an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a plurality of rollers rollingly arranged therebetween. The outer sleeve is provided with an air inlet, the inner sleeve is provided with an air outlet, and the end faces of the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are sealed.

[0013] Preferably, one end face of the inner sleeve extends out of the end face of the outer sleeve and extends outward to form an annular transmission part, the end face of the annular transmission part is provided with an end face worm gear, the end face worm gear is meshed with a worm, and one end of the worm gear is transmission-connected to the driving assembly; The axis of the air outlet is arranged to be inclined radially with respect to the workpiece in a vertical section of the inner ring sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the longitudinal slide plate is provided with a mounting arm, one end of the mounting arm is provided with a clamping sleeve, the outside of the clamping sleeve is threaded with an adjusting sleeve, the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve is provided with a spiral guide groove, the depth of the spiral guide groove changes gradually, the clamping sleeve is radially slidably provided with a clamping rod, one end of the clamping rod located outside the clamping sleeve is slidably clamped with the spiral guide groove; The outside of the clamping sleeve is threadedly connected with a limiting ring for tightening and limiting the position of the adjusting sleeve; The spiral guide grooves and the clamping rods are provided with at least two groups evenly spaced in the circumferential direction; the clamping rods are in abutment with the outer ring sleeve.

[0015] The processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio disclosed in this application has two threads with opposite helix directions arranged on the adjusting lead screw. When the adjusting lead screw rotates, the tool rest cross slide and the follower rest cross slide can approach and move away from each other, thus realizing their synchronous operation. Compared with the traditional single-adjusting follower rest, the installation and adjustment process in this application is more convenient and rapid. In addition, a first abutting component is provided. When the follower rest cross slide moves towards the workpiece, the second abutting component can abut against the workpiece synchronously under the action of the guiding slide rail to limit the workpiece. Compared with the traditional follower rest, in this application, only by rotating the adjusting lead screw can the movement of the follower rest relative to the workpiece and the abutting of the first abutting component against the workpiece be realized, simplifying the operation steps of the tooling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a partially enlarged schematic view at position A in Figure 3 is Figure 1 a partially enlarged schematic view at position B in Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of one end of the second abutting component connected to the connecting rod in this application; Figure 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the slot in this application; Figure 6 is a sectional view of the first abutting component in this application; Figure 7 is Figure 6 a partially enlarged schematic view at position C in Figure 8 is Figure 6 a partially enlarged schematic view at position D in Figure 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the air flow damping sleeve in this application; Figure 10 is a front view of the air flow damping sleeve in this application; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the inner ring sleeve structure in this application; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the adjusting sleeve structure in this application; Figure 13 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the strip tooth group in this application.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Longitudinal carriage; 10. Guide slide rail; 11. Mounting arm; 12. Connecting arm; 13. Adjusting lead screw; 14. Upper carriage; 140. Narrow slot; 141. Limit rod; 142. Slide shaft; 143. Second spring; 15. Synchronizing rod; 2. Tool rest cross carriage; 3. Tool holder cross carriage; 4. Tool rest; 5. Adjusting sleeve; 50. Limit ring; 500. Spiral guide groove; 51. Clamping sleeve; 510. Tightening rod; 52. Outer sleeve; 520. Air inlet; 53. Inner sleeve; 530. End face worm teeth; 531. Air outlet; 54. Roller; 6. Workpiece; 70. First sliding shaft; 700. Sliding head; 71. First adjusting rod; 710. Stopping handle; 72. Annular tooth group; 73. First relief notch; 74. First sliding block; 75. First sleeve; 750. Sliding groove; 751. Clamping handle; 752. Strip tooth group; 76. First spring; 77. First abutting wheel; 8. Connecting rod; 80. Arc portion; 81. Tooth shifting group; 82. Second sliding shaft; 820. Second relief notch; 83. Second adjusting rod; 830. Clamping ring group; 84. Hinge shaft; 85. Gear; 86. Second sleeve. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] Now, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present application in a schematic manner. Therefore, they only show the components related to the present application.

[0019] As Figure 1-13 shown, a processing tool for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio includes: Longitudinal carriage 1; it is a part of the entire carriage box, originally used to adjust the displacement of the tool in the radial direction of the workpiece 6. In this embodiment, in addition to the original function, it also serves as the improvement basis of this embodiment.

[0020] The tool holder cross carriage 3 and the tool rest cross carriage 2 that are both slidably arranged on the longitudinal carriage 1 through the same adjusting lead screw 13. The threads of the adjusting lead screw 13 corresponding to the tool holder cross carriage 3 and the tool rest cross carriage 2 are opposite.

[0021] By rotating the adjusting lead screw 13, the tool holder cross carriage 3 and the tool rest cross carriage 2 can be synchronously driven to approach or move away from each other. The realization of this function depends on two sections of threads with different helix directions provided on the adjusting lead screw 13 corresponding to the tool holder cross carriage 3 and the tool rest cross carriage 2 respectively.

[0022] Tool rest 4, arranged on the tool rest cross carriage 2; includes a C-shaped frame body, and first abutting components are slidably arranged on both the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame body. One ends of the two first abutting components that are close to each other are used to abut against the workpiece 6.

[0023] The tool rest 4 is located on the tool rest cross carriage 2 and can move along with it.

[0024] The C-shaped frame is similar to the main body of the traditional follow rest 4 at the current stage and is mainly used to provide a bearing foundation for sliding limit. The significance of its shape setting is to be able to avoid the tool while limiting the workpiece 6 in the circumferential direction of the workpiece 6 except for the tool.

[0025] There are two first abutting components, one is located above and the other is located below, and both are vertically slidably arranged. When they approach each other, they can form an abutting state against the workpiece 6, and when they move away from each other, the abutting against the workpiece 6 is released.

[0026] Two guiding slide rails 10 respectively located above and below the C-shaped frame gradually decrease in distance along the direction in which the follow rest cross slide 2 approaches the tool post cross slide 3; the two ends far away from each other in the two first abutting components are respectively slidably clamped on the two guiding slide rails 10 correspondingly.

[0027] The length direction of the guiding slide rail 10 is mainly longitudinal, that is, the same as the overall sliding direction of the longitudinal slide 1. The difference is that along the direction in which the follow rest cross slide 2 approaches the tool post cross slide 3, one guiding slide rail 10 located relatively below gradually inclines upward, and one guiding slide rail 10 located relatively above gradually inclines downward.

[0028] The two ends of the two first abutting components far away from the workpiece 6 are respectively slidably clamped on the two guiding slide rails 10 correspondingly. Thus, when the follow rest 4 moves towards the workpiece 6, the guiding slide rail 10 gradually abuts against the second abutting component, so that the two first abutting members gradually abut against the workpiece 6.

[0029] By arranging two threads with opposite helix directions on the adjusting lead screw 13, when the adjusting lead screw 13 is rotated, the tool post cross slide 3 and the follow rest cross slide 2 can approach and move away from each other, so as to realize their synchronous operation. Compared with the traditional follow rest 4 with single adjustment, the installation and adjustment process in this application is more convenient and fast; in addition, a first abutting component is arranged. When the follow rest cross slide 2 moves towards the workpiece 6, the second abutting component can abut against the workpiece 6 synchronously under the action of the guiding slide rail 10 to limit the workpiece 6. Compared with the traditional follow rest 4, in this application, only by rotating the adjusting lead screw 13, the movement of the follow rest 4 relative to the workpiece 6 and the abutting of the first abutting component against the workpiece 6 can be realized, simplifying the operation steps of the tooling.

[0030] The two guiding slide rails 10 are connected by a connecting arm 12.

[0031] In some further embodiments, the first abutting component includes a first sleeve 75 and a first sliding shaft 70 which are slidably sleeved and matched, and a first spring 76 is arranged between the first sleeve 75 and the first sliding shaft 70; One end of the first sleeve 75 away from the first sliding shaft 70 is rotatably provided with a first abutting wheel 77, and one end of the first sliding shaft 70 away from the first sleeve 75 is provided with a first sliding block 74.

[0032] A sliding hole is provided on the C-shaped frame corresponding to the first abutting component. Specifically, the first sleeve 75 is in sliding fit with the sliding hole.

[0033] The outer contour cross-section of the first sleeve 75 can be hexagonal to ensure anti-rotation of the first sleeve 75 relative to the sliding hole.

[0034] The inner wall of the first sleeve 75 is provided with a sliding groove 750. Correspondingly, a sliding head 700 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the first sliding shaft 70, and the sliding head 700 is slidably clamped in the sliding groove 750 to prevent the first sliding shaft 70 from slipping off the first sleeve 75.

[0035] The first spring 76 is located inside the first sleeve 75, one end abuts against the bottom wall of the first sleeve 75, and the other end abuts against one end of the first sliding shaft 70 located inside the first sleeve 75.

[0036] A clamping handle 751 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of a section of the first sleeve 75 located outside the C-shaped frame to prevent the first sleeve 75 from slipping off due to excessive orientation towards the central position of the C-shaped frame.

[0037] In order to reduce the friction between the first sliding shaft 70 and the workpiece 6, a first abutting wheel 77 is rotatably provided at the end of the first sliding shaft 70 to rotate synchronously with the workpiece 6 and abut against the workpiece 6.

[0038] Setting the first spring 76 can make the abutting of the first abutting component against the workpiece 6 more adaptable and prevent damage to the workpiece 6 caused by mechanical stress abutment.

[0039] The first sliding block 74 is slidably clamped with the guiding slide rail 10. In some other embodiments, a groove with a T-shaped cross-section can be provided in the guiding slide rail 10, and the first sliding block 74 can be a block with a T-shaped cross-section to ensure a pulling-back force is synchronously formed on the first abutting component.

[0040] In some further embodiments, a first adjusting rod 71 is coaxially screwed inside the first sliding shaft 70. One end of the first adjusting rod 71 abuts against the first spring 76, and a ring gear group 72 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the other end.

[0041] The inside of the first sliding shaft 70 is hollow, specifically it can be a cylindrical cavity; the first adjusting rod 71 is arranged inside the cylindrical cavity in a screwed manner. When the first adjusting rod 71 rotates, the first adjusting rod 71 can move axially relative to the first sliding shaft 70.

[0042] A first relief notch 73 is provided on the first sliding shaft 70; a strip tooth group 752 is provided on the guiding slide rail 10; the strip tooth group 752 can be engaged with the annular tooth group 72 through the first relief notch 73.

[0043] When the follower rest 4 moves, the first abutting assembly gradually abuts against the workpiece 6. When the first abutting wheel 77 just touches the workpiece 6, the first spring 76 is compressed. Then the first abutting wheel 77 gradually moves to directly above or below the workpiece 6. During this process, the strip tooth group 752 is engaged with the annular tooth group 72 through the first relief notch 73. Since the strip tooth group 752 remains stationary, the action generated by the engagement will drive the first adjusting rod 71 to rotate, thereby further driving the first adjusting rod 71 to move axially inside the first sliding shaft 70 towards the inside of the first sleeve 75, so as to further compress the first spring 76 to increase the abutting action of the first abutting wheel 77 on the workpiece 6.

[0044] The working principles of the two first abutting assemblies in the up and down directions are the same.

[0045] By further compressing the first spring 76 when just contacting the workpiece 6, the abutting effect on the workpiece 6 can be ensured. The abutting on the workpiece 6 during the whole process is more targeted, avoiding using a relatively large or small abutting force from beginning to end, but gradually increasing the abutting strength as the abutting gradually reaches the position. It is both safe and reasonable. And when the follower rest 4 is removed, the first spring 76 will also be slowly released, thereby slowly reducing the abutting force of the first abutting wheel 77 on the workpiece 6.

[0046] In some further embodiments, the follower rest 4 further includes a second abutting assembly slidably arranged on the C-shaped frame body in the horizontal direction.

[0047] The first abutting assemblies are all vertically arranged, one for abutting downward and one for abutting upward, and the second abutting assembly is for abutting in the horizontal direction.

[0048] A second sliding block is slidably arranged on the guiding slide rail 10 relatively located below. A connecting rod 8 is hinged on the second sliding block, and the other end of the connecting rod 8 is hinged to the end of the second abutting assembly far from the workpiece 6.

[0049] A limiting rod 141 is slidably arranged on the cross slide 2 of the follower rest, and the limiting rod 141 is hinged to the second sliding block.

[0050] The second sliding block may be similar in structure to the first sliding block 74. Both ends of the connecting rod 8 are respectively hinged to the second sliding block and the second abutting component. The limiting rod 141 is used to drive the second sliding block to move along with the follower rest 4. When the follower rest 4 moves, the second sliding block is forced to move along the guiding slide rail 10. Since the guiding slide rail 10 is inclined, the angle of the connecting rod 8 will gradually change, that is, the angle between the connecting rod 8 and the horizontal direction gradually decreases, so that the second abutting component moves faster than the C-shaped frame body, thereby driving the second abutting component to move relative to the C-shaped frame body towards the workpiece 6 to achieve abutting against the workpiece 6.

[0051] In some further embodiments, the cross-slide of the follower rest 2 includes an upper slide plate 14 slidably arranged longitudinally, and the follower rest 4 is arranged on the upper slide plate 14. A slot 140 is provided on the upper slide plate 14, and a slide shaft 142 is arranged in the slot 140 in the up-down direction. The slide shaft 142 radially penetrates through the limiting rod 141. A second spring 143 is sleeved on the slide shaft 142, and the second spring 143 is located above the limiting rod 141.

[0052] Since the guiding slide rail 10 is inclined, the limiting rod 141 needs to move in the vertical direction in addition to following the movement of the follower rest 4. Therefore, a chute is provided in the upper slide plate 14, and the limiting rod 141 is slidably arranged in the chute through the slide shaft 142. At the same time, a second spring 143 is provided to limit the limiting rod 141 to a certain extent to ensure that the movement of the limiting rod 141 only follows the movement of the follower rest 4.

[0053] In some further embodiments, the second abutting component includes a second sleeve 86 and a second sliding shaft 82 which are slidably sleeved and matched with each other, and a third spring is provided between the second sleeve 86 and the second sliding shaft 82; One end of the second sleeve 86 far from the second sliding shaft 82 is provided with a second abutting wheel, and one end of the second sliding shaft 82 far from the second sleeve 86 is hinged to the connecting rod 8.

[0054] The cooperation effect of the second sleeve 86, the second sliding shaft 82, and the third spring is the same as that of the first sleeve 75, the first sliding shaft 70, and the first spring 76. Moreover, a second abutting wheel is rotatably arranged at the end of the second sleeve 86 to abut against the workpiece 6.

[0055] One end of the second sliding shaft 82 is hinged to the connecting rod 8 to be used for transmitting the acting force in the connecting rod 8 to synchronously drive the movement of the second abutting component relative to the C-shaped frame body.

[0056] The inner wall of the second sleeve 86 can be synchronously provided with a sliding groove 750, and the outer peripheral wall of the second sliding shaft 82 can be provided with a sliding head 700 to prevent the two from slipping off.

[0057] A clamping handle 751 may also be provided on an outer peripheral wall of a section of the second sleeve 86 located outside the C-shaped frame to prevent the second abutting assembly from slipping off.

[0058] In some further embodiments, a second adjusting rod 83 is slidably disposed inside the second sliding shaft 82, and a clamping ring group 830 is provided on an outer peripheral wall of a section of the second adjusting rod 83 away from the second sleeve 86; a second relief notch 820 corresponding to the clamping ring group 830 is provided on the second sleeve 86.

[0059] An arc portion 80 is provided at one end of the connecting rod 8 connecting the second sliding shaft 82, and a set of dial teeth 81 is provided on the arc portion 80.

[0060] The set of dial teeth 81 can be engaged with the clamping ring group 830 through the second relief notch 820.

[0061] Different from the first sliding shaft 70, the second adjusting ring is slidably disposed inside the second sliding shaft 82, and the clamping ring group 830 is provided in the second adjusting rod 83.

[0062] The center of the arc portion 80 coincides with the center of rotation of the connecting rod 8 relative to the second sliding shaft 82. Therefore, when the angle of the connecting rod 8 changes, the set of dial teeth 81 provided on the arc portion 80 of the connecting rod 8 will cooperate with the clamping ring group 830, thereby driving the second adjusting rod 83 to move axially along the second sliding shaft 82. As a result, when the angle between the connecting rod 8 and the horizontal plane becomes smaller, the second adjusting rod 83 slides toward the inside of the second sleeve 86 under the action of the clamping ring group 830 and the set of dial teeth 81 to compress the third spring, thereby increasing the abutting action of the second abutting wheel on the workpiece 6.

[0063] In some other embodiments, two sets of the connecting rod 8 and the second sliding block may be provided, one set corresponding to the guiding slide rail 10 located relatively below, and the other set corresponding to the guiding slide rail 10 above. At the same time, gears 85 are synchronously provided on the hinge shafts 84 where the connecting rod 8 is hinged to the second sliding shaft 82, and the two gears 85 are engaged with each other.

[0064] The gear 85 rotates synchronously with the hinge shaft 84, and the hinge shaft 84 rotates synchronously with the connecting rod 8.

[0065] It should be noted that a stop handle 710 is provided at one end of the first adjusting rod 71 and the second adjusting rod 83 located in the first sleeve 75 and the second sleeve 86 respectively. First, it is easier to abut against the first spring 76 and the third spring. Second, it can prevent the first adjusting rod 71 and the second adjusting rod 83 from slipping off.

[0066] The extension lines of the first abutting component and the second abutting component pointing to the workpiece 6 intersect with the axis of the workpiece 6; when the workpiece 6 is not provided, the intersection point of the first abutting rod and the second abutting rod is located on the side of the axis of the workpiece 6 close to the tool rest cross slide 3 after the tool rest cross slide 3 and the follower rest cross slide 2 are brought close to each other, so as to ensure that the first abutting member and the second abutting member can smoothly abut against the workpiece 6 after the workpiece 6 is installed.

[0067] In some further embodiments, the tooling further includes an air flow damping sleeve sleeved on the outer edge of the workpiece 6.

[0068] The air flow damping sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the workpiece 6 but does not completely contact the workpiece 6. Air flow is sprayed towards the workpiece 6 inside the air flow damping sleeve, so that an air film is formed between the workpiece 6 and the air flow damping sleeve, thereby forming a damping effect on the workpiece 6 and ensuring the accuracy of the cutting process.

[0069] The air flow damping sleeve includes an inner ring sleeve 53, an outer ring sleeve 52 and a plurality of rollers 54 rotatably arranged between the two. An air inlet 520 is provided on the outer ring sleeve 52, and an air outlet 531 is provided on the inner ring sleeve 53. The end faces of the outer ring sleeve 52 and the inner ring sleeve 53 are hermetically arranged.

[0070] The inner ring sleeve 53 rotates with respect to the outer ring sleeve 52 through the rollers 54. Correspondingly, the rollers 54 can be arranged in corresponding cages to ensure that the distance between two adjacent rollers 54 is the same and unique. The end faces between the inner ring sleeve 53 and the outer ring sleeve 52 are hermetically arranged for air collection.

[0071] The structure of the air flow damping sleeve is similar to that of a sealed roller bearing, except that more gaps can be provided on the cage to ensure that the air flow flows from the outer ring sleeve 52 to the inner ring sleeve 53.

[0072] An air inlet 520 is provided on the outer ring sleeve 52. The air inlet 520 is used to connect to an air pipe, and the air outlet 531 is located on the inner ring sleeve 53 for blowing air to form an air film between the workpiece 6 and the inner ring sleeve 53.

[0073] The number of the air outlets 531 is multiple, and the multiple air outlets 531 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential and axial directions.

[0074] In some further embodiments, one end face of the inner ring sleeve 53 extends out of the end face of the outer ring sleeve 52 and extends outward to form an annular transmission part. An end face worm gear 530 is provided on the end face of the annular transmission part, and the end face worm gear 530 meshes with a worm, and one end of the worm is in transmission connection with a driving component.

[0075] The end face worm gear 530 provided on the annular transmission part is used to cooperate with the worm, and its main purpose is to drive the inner ring sleeve 53 to rotate relative to the outer ring sleeve 52.

[0076] The direction of rotation of the inner ring sleeve 53 is preferably opposite to the direction of rotation of the workpiece 6, so as to avoid enhancing the resonance effect.

[0077] In addition, in some other embodiments, the vibration of the workpiece 6 can be measured by a vibration data measuring sensor device such as an accelerometer or a laser Doppler vibrometer, and then the air flow pulse injection is controlled so that the air flow pulse frequency matches the vibration frequency and is in the opposite phase, thereby better destroying the resonance condition.

[0078] The axis of the air outlet 531 is radially inclined with respect to the workpiece 6 in the vertical section of the inner ring sleeve 53.

[0079] The air outlet 531 is inclined. Preferably, the tangent direction of the air outlet 531 points in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the inner ring sleeve 53 of the air flow, so that the injected air flow forms a "yielding" effect, that is, to prevent the just-injected air flow from forming an injection air column between the inner ring sleeve 53 and the workpiece 6 and damaging the stability of the air film. This mechanism can make the air flow injected between the inner ring sleeve 53 and the workpiece 6 form a stable air film, and the air flow is not too turbulent, so as to promote stability.

[0080] In some further embodiments, an installation arm 11 is provided on the longitudinal carriage 1. One end of the installation arm 11 is provided with a clamping sleeve 51. An adjusting sleeve 5 is screwed to the outside of the clamping sleeve 51. A spiral guide groove 500 is provided on the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve 5. The depth of the spiral guide groove 500 gradually changes. A pressing rod 510 is slidably arranged radially on the clamping sleeve 51. One end of the pressing rod 510 located outside the clamping sleeve 51 is slidably clamped and matched with the spiral guide groove 500.

[0081] The sliding clamping fit between the abutting rod and the spiral guide groove 500 can specifically also adopt the fit of a T-shaped block and a groove.

[0082] The depth of the spiral guide groove 500 gradually changes, that is, gradually becomes deeper or shallower. It should be noted that the gradually changing spiral guide groove 500 becomes deeper or shallower as a whole, rather than for example, a wider part of the T-shaped groove becomes deeper or shallower.

[0083] When the adjusting sleeve 5 is rotated, under the action of the spiral guide groove 500, the pressing rod 510 will move radially relative to the clamping sleeve 51 to achieve the pressing or removal of the outer ring sleeve 52.

[0084] A limiting ring 50 for pressing and limiting the adjusting sleeve 5 is screwed to the outside of the clamping sleeve 51; in order to limit the movement of the adjusting sleeve 5, a limiting ring 50 is also screwed to the outside of the clamping sleeve 51. The limiting ring 50 can be a nut. By rotating the limiting ring 50 to abut against the adjusting sleeve 5, the side surfaces of the thread teeth between the adjusting sleeve 5 and the clamping sleeve 51 are mutually abutted, thereby limiting the rotation of the adjusting sleeve 5.

[0085] The spiral guide grooves 500 and the pressing rods 510 are provided with at least two groups at circumferentially uniform intervals; the pressing rods 510 are in contact with the outer ring sleeve 52.

[0086] Preferably, the spiral guide grooves 500 and the pressing rods 510 are provided with four groups.

[0087] In some other embodiments, a synchronous rod 15 is provided on the tool rest cross slide 3, and the synchronous rod 15 is slidably arranged through the upper slide 14 to ensure the consistency with the steady rest 4 when the tool moves longitudinally alone.

[0088] A spiral guide groove 500 with gradually changing depth is arranged inside the adjusting sleeve 5, so as to drive the pressing rod 510 to lock and unlock the air flow damping sleeve by rotating the adjusting sleeve 5, thereby adapting to air flow damping sleeves of different sizes (workpieces of different thicknesses) and improving universality.

[0089] The inner ring sleeve 53 can be set to have a certain length to ensure the vibration reduction effect.

[0090] The cooling lubricant can also be sprayed towards the position of the workpiece 6 and the inner ring sleeve 53 to form a water film, further increasing the vibration reduction performance.

[0091] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples for clear illustration and not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio, characterized in that Comprising: Longitudinal carriage (1); A tool holder cross-slide (3) and a follower rest cross-slide (2) both slidably arranged on the longitudinal carriage (1) via the same adjusting lead screw (13), and the threads of the adjusting lead screw (13) corresponding to the tool holder cross-slide (3) and the follower rest cross-slide (2) are opposite; Follower rest (4), arranged on the follower rest cross-slide (2); including a C-shaped frame body, and first abutting components are slidably arranged on both the upper and lower sides of the C-shaped frame body, and the mutually approaching ends of the two first abutting components are used for abutting against a workpiece (6); Two guiding slide rails (10) respectively located above and below the C-shaped frame body, along the direction in which the follower rest cross-slide (2) approaches the tool holder cross-slide (3), the distance between the two guiding slide rails (10) gradually decreases; the mutually remote ends of the two first abutting components are respectively slidably clamped on the two guiding slide rails (10).

2. The thin-walled shell processing tooling with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that The first abutting component includes a first sleeve (75) and a first sliding shaft (70) that are slidably sleeved and matched, and a first spring (76) is arranged between the first sleeve (75) and the first sliding shaft (70); A first abutting wheel (77) is rotatably arranged at one end of the first sleeve (75) away from the first sliding shaft (70), and a first sliding block (74) is arranged at one end of the first sliding shaft (70) away from the first sleeve (75).

3. The processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first adjusting rod (71) is coaxially screwed inside the first sliding shaft (70), one end of the first adjusting rod (71) abuts against the first spring (76), and a ring gear group (72) is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the other end; A first relief notch (73) is arranged on the first sliding shaft (70); a strip gear group (752) is arranged on the guiding slide rail (10); the strip gear group (752) can be meshed with the ring gear group (72) through the first relief notch (73).

4. The processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein, The follower rest (4) further includes a second abutting component slidably arranged on the C-shaped frame body in the horizontal direction; A second sliding block is slidably arranged on the relatively lower guiding slide rail (10), a connecting rod (8) is hinged on the second sliding block, and the other end of the connecting rod (8) is hinged to the end of the second abutting component away from the workpiece (6); A limiting rod (141) is slidably arranged on the follower rest cross-slide (2), and the limiting rod (141) is hinged to the second sliding block.

5. The machining tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that The follower rest cross-slide (2) includes an upper slide plate (14) slidably arranged longitudinally, and the follower rest (4) is arranged on the upper slide plate (14); A narrow slot (140) is arranged on the upper slide plate (14), a sliding shaft (142) is arranged in the narrow slot (140) in the up and down direction, and the sliding shaft (142) radially penetrates through the limiting rod (141); A second spring (143) is sleeved on the sliding shaft (142), and the second spring (143) is located above the limiting rod (141).

6. The machining tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 4, wherein The second abutment assembly comprises a second sleeve (86) and a second sliding shaft (82) that are slidably mounted together, and a third spring is provided between the second sleeve (86) and the second sliding shaft (82); A second abutment wheel is provided at one end of the second sleeve (86) away from the second sliding shaft (82), and one end of the second sliding shaft (82) away from the second sleeve (86) is hinged to the connecting rod (8).

7. The processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 6, wherein, A second adjusting rod (83) is slidably disposed inside the second sliding shaft (82); a clamping ring group (830) is disposed on a section of the outer peripheral wall of the second adjusting rod (83) away from the second sleeve (86); and a second clearance notch (820) is disposed on the second sleeve (86) corresponding to the clamping ring group (830); An end of the connecting rod (8) connected to the second sliding shaft (82) is provided with an arc-shaped portion (80), and a shifting gear group (81) is provided on the arc-shaped portion (80); The shifting tooth set (81) can mesh with the engaging circular ring set (830) via the second clearance notch (820).

8. The processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that The tooling also includes an airflow damping sleeve, wherein the airflow damping sleeve is arranged on the outer edge of the workpiece (6); The airflow damping sleeve comprises an inner ring sleeve (53), an outer ring sleeve (52) and a plurality of rollers (54) rollingly arranged therebetween; the outer ring sleeve (52) is provided with an air inlet (520), the inner ring sleeve (53) is provided with an air outlet (531), and the end faces of the outer ring sleeve (52) and the inner ring sleeve (53) are sealed.

9. The machining tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end surface of the inner ring sleeve (53) extends outward from the end surface of the outer ring sleeve (52) to form an annular transmission portion, the end surface of the annular transmission portion is provided with an end surface worm gear (530), the end surface worm gear (530) is meshed with a worm, and one end of the worm gear is drivingly connected to the driving assembly; The axis of the air outlet (531) is arranged radially inclined with respect to the workpiece (6) in the vertical cross section of the inner ring sleeve (53).

10. The processing tooling for a thin-walled shell with a large length-diameter ratio according to claim 9, characterized in that, The longitudinal slide (1) is provided with a mounting arm (11), one end of the mounting arm (11) is provided with a clamping sleeve (51), the outside of the clamping sleeve (51) is threadedly connected with an adjusting sleeve (5), the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve (5) is provided with a spiral guide groove (500), the depth of the spiral guide groove (500) changes gradually, the clamping sleeve (51) is provided with a radially sliding abutting rod (510), one end of the abutting rod (510) located outside the clamping sleeve (51) is slidably clamped with the spiral guide groove (500); The exterior of the clamping sleeve (51) is threadedly connected with a limiting ring (50) for tightening and limiting the position of the adjusting sleeve (5); The spiral guide grooves (500) and the abutting rods (510) are provided with at least two groups evenly spaced in the circumferential direction; the abutting rods (510) are in abutment with the outer ring sleeve (52).

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