Aluminum alloy composite material with high strength corrosion resistance and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

This invention discloses an aluminum alloy composite material with high strength and corrosion resistance, and its preparation method, relating to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation. The aluminum alloy composite material disclosed in this invention consists of an aluminum alloy substrate and a reinforcement, wherein the reinforcement is (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100‑x‑y B x Ti y The alloy, wherein 3 at.% ≤ x ≤ 4.2 at.%, 6 at.% < y ≤ 8 at.%; the aluminum alloy substrate is an Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, and the amount of the reinforcing agent added is 20-30% of the mass of the aluminum alloy substrate. This invention uses spray deposition to prepare (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100‑x‑y B x Ti y Using alloys as reinforcement, the aluminum alloy matrix is ​​smelted through a certain feeding process, and then die-cast, homogenized, and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy composite material with high hardness, strength, and airtightness, as well as excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high and low temperature resistance, and processing performance. It is also less prone to hot cracking during the die-casting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy composite material with high strength and corrosion resistance and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the requirements for aluminum alloy materials in various components, equipment, and mechanical transmission devices for aviation, high-speed rail, aircraft carriers, and automobiles have become increasingly stringent. These materials need to possess excellent properties such as lightweight, high strength, high corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, high hardness, high airtightness, and good machinability. Currently, the performance of commonly used aluminum alloy materials is generally insufficient to achieve satisfactory results. Furthermore, existing aluminum alloys have limitations in high-temperature, high-humidity, or corrosive environments (especially those containing Cl). - Corrosion is likely to occur in high-temperature environments, and hot cracks are prone to occur during the die-casting process, affecting the mechanical properties, durability and application range of the material.

[0003] Existing commercial aluminum alloy materials mainly include several commonly used types such as Al-Si alloys, Al-Mg alloys, Al-Cu alloys, Al-Zn alloys, and aluminum alloy composites (i.e., aluminum matrix composites with added reinforcements). Al-Si alloys typically have a silicon content of 4-11 wt%, are lightweight, and possess excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature dimensional stability. They also exhibit excellent casting and machining properties, making them the most widely used type of cast aluminum alloy. However, their mechanical strength and elongation are relatively low, and their plasticity decreases with increasing silicon content, leading to cracking and porosity, and making welding difficult. Al-Mg alloys have low density and excellent mechanical properties, plasticity, corrosion resistance, and processing performance. However, their strength is relatively low at high temperatures, and they are prone to stress corrosion cracking under certain environments. Surface treatment is complex and costly. The addition of Cu in Al-Cu alloys provides solid solution strengthening and precipitation hardening, resulting in high mechanical strength, good heat resistance, and machinability. However, it suffers from low plasticity, poor corrosion resistance, and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking. Al-Zn alloys do not form intermetallic compounds and offer advantages such as high strength, lightweight, and high-temperature resistance. However, they exhibit poor corrosion resistance, a significant tendency for hot cracking during casting, low plasticity, and their overall performance deteriorates significantly under prolonged high-temperature conditions. The most common method for reinforcing aluminum alloy composites is using ceramic particles, such as SiC, Al2O3, and SiO2, as reinforcements. However, poor wettability between the reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy matrix leads to a sharp decrease in toughness and plasticity. Furthermore, the reinforcing particles are prone to uneven distribution, forming agglomerates and crack initiation sites, resulting in poor ductility, low fracture toughness, and poor corrosion resistance in aluminum alloy composites.

[0004] Chinese patent CN202410014901.X discloses an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with anti-hot cracking properties and its preparation method. By adjusting the amount of trace elements added and the melt treatment temperature, the microstructure and anti-hot cracking properties of the aluminum alloy can be effectively controlled, resulting in high-quality aluminum alloy castings with refined solidification structure and elimination of casting hot cracks. However, the Cu content is high, and the Al2Cu(θ) phase formed by Cu and Al is prone to forming corrosion couples, i.e., poor corrosion resistance. Chinese patent CN202411544417.4 discloses a high-yield aluminum alloy material for heat treatment in die casting. Its formula includes Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ti, Zr and Sr. After the molten metal is cast, it undergoes vacuum homogenization and annealing treatment, which improves the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy sheet and maintains the work hardening effect, deformation inhibition and high yield characteristics of the alloy. However, the silicon content exceeds 6%, which will cause hot cracking during the die casting process, thereby reducing the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, and the long-term corrosion resistance effect is not ideal. Chinese patent CN201810643219.1 discloses a self-lubricating aluminum alloy composite material. This material uses aluminum alloy as the base material and incorporates TiCoCrFeNiAl-coated MoS2 particles. It is prepared using spray deposition additive manufacturing and hot extrusion processes to produce a self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material for drill pipes. This material exhibits excellent wear resistance and self-lubrication, along with a low coefficient of friction and a long service life. However, the addition of MoS2 particles may reduce the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy and cause it to easily agglomerate, affecting its overall performance. Furthermore, MoS2 reduces the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, thus shortening the service life of the patented product. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material. It is formed by die casting, has high hardness, and possesses excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high and low temperature resistance, and processing performance. This improves the durability of aluminum alloy die castings and expands the application fields of aluminum alloy composite materials.

[0006] To achieve the objectives of this invention, a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is provided, which is composed of an aluminum alloy substrate and a reinforcement, wherein the reinforcement is (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100-x-y B x Ti y Alloy, wherein 3 at.% ≤ x ≤ 4.2 at.%, 6 at.% < y ≤ 8 at.%;

[0007] The aluminum alloy substrate is an Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, and the amount of the reinforcing body added is 20-30% of the mass of the aluminum alloy substrate.

[0008] The reinforcing material of this invention is formed by spray deposition of a specific atomic ratio of Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B, and Ti. Through the design of reasonable metal elements and atomic ratios, the formation of intermetallic compounds is prevented due to the high entropy effect and the characteristics of high-temperature spray cooling, resulting in a single-phase solid solution with fine, uniform grains and a dense structure. This reduces grain boundary element segregation and significantly improves the mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and hot-cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material, thereby enhancing its durability and service life. The synergistic refinement of grains using appropriate amounts of B and Ti not only improves the wettability and interfacial compatibility between the reinforcing material and the aluminum alloy matrix but also enhances the mechanical strength, hot-cracking resistance, and high-temperature resistance of this invention. When the B content is greater than 4.2 at.%, the corrosion resistance and toughness of the aluminum alloy decrease; when the B content is less than 3 at.%, the improvement in mechanical strength and heat resistance is not significant; and when the Ti content is greater than 8 at.%, the cost of the aluminum alloy composite material increases, while hot-cracking resistance and toughness decrease. The addition of Zn, Zr, and Ni metal powders significantly improves the mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and thermal crack resistance of the present invention, while ensuring that the present invention has excellent density, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity, thus extending the service life of the aluminum alloy composite material of the present invention.

[0009] Furthermore, the chemical composition of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, by mass percentage, is: Mg 1.1-1.6%, Si 1.2-2.5%, Fe 0.3-0.6%, B 0.05-0.09%, Cr 1.4-1.8%, Mn 0.9-1.3%, Mo 0.15-0.32%, Nb 0.08-0.12%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0010] Mg has a low density, and its addition to aluminum alloys can reduce the overall density of the alloy. Mg is the main strengthening element in this aluminum alloy. This invention uses a homogenization treatment to convert it into a single α-solid solution, thereby improving the strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. If the Mg content is too high, there is a risk of hot cracking during die casting. This invention controls the Mg content to 1.1-1.6%.

[0011] The presence of silicon (Si) can improve the processing fluidity and casting airtightness of aluminum alloys, and it possesses higher strength and hardness than pure aluminum (however, its strength-enhancing effect is not ideal compared to other metals). However, silicon in aluminum alloys mostly exists as a single-phase substance, and due to its semiconductor properties, the higher the silicon content, the lower the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy. In this invention, when the Si content exceeds 2.5%, it affects the processing fluidity of the aluminum alloy and reduces its thermal conductivity; when the Si content is below 1.2%, it negatively impacts the strength and corrosion resistance of the invention.

[0012] The presence of Fe can reduce the tendency of castings to stick to the mold, making aluminum alloys easier to demold during die casting, and can also improve the strength and hardness of aluminum alloys. If the Fe content is too high, hard spots will be generated, and the processing fluidity of the aluminum alloy will decrease, the tendency to hot cracking will increase, and the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance will be reduced. If the Fe content is too low, the demolding effect will be affected. This invention controls the Fe content at 0.3-0.6%.

[0013] The addition of boron (B) improves the wettability and interfacial compatibility between the aluminum alloy matrix and the reinforcement. It can combine with Al and Ti to form compounds such as TiB2 or AlB2, refining the grain size and improving the strength, toughness, high-temperature resistance, and thermal crack resistance of the aluminum alloy matrix. However, it can affect the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, considering the B content in the reinforcement, the B content in the aluminum alloy matrix of this invention is controlled at 0.05-0.09%.

[0014] The addition of Cr can refine the grain size and dissolve into the aluminum alloy matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution, thereby improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy matrix. In this invention, if the Cr content is less than 1.4%, the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy matrix decrease; if the Cr content is greater than 1.8%, it not only increases the cost but also leads to a significant decrease in the plasticity and toughness of the aluminum alloy matrix, making the casting prone to cracking during the die-casting process.

[0015] Mn has the effects of solid solution strengthening and grain refinement, and it can form the Al6(Mn,Fe) phase with iron (Fe), reducing the harmful FeAl3 phase, thereby improving the hardness, strength, toughness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys. However, if the Mn content is too high, it will form intermetallic compounds with Al, thereby reducing plasticity and toughness, and also affecting the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy matrix. This invention controls the Mn content at 0.9-1.3%.

[0016] Mo can improve the strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy matrix. However, in this invention, when the Mo content is less than 0.15%, it does not improve the heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the invention, but instead increases the cost. When the Mo content is greater than 0.32%, it does not significantly improve the strength and corrosion resistance of the invention, but reduces the toughness and increases the material cost.

[0017] Nitrogen (Nb) content can refine grain size and improve the hardness, strength, high-temperature resistance, hot crack resistance, and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy matrix. This invention controls the Nb content to 0.08-0.12%, ensuring strength and hardness while also improving wear resistance, high-temperature resistance, hot crack resistance, and corrosion resistance. If the Nb content is too high, the cost is high, and it negatively impacts hardness, hot crack resistance, and corrosion resistance, while reducing wear resistance. Conversely, if the Nb content is too low, the effect on the performance of the aluminum alloy matrix is ​​not significant.

[0018] Furthermore, in the chemical composition of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, the mass percentage of Mg and Si satisfies the condition: 2.8%≤Mg+Si≤3.9%.

[0019] Mg and Si are common components in aluminum alloys. In this invention, they are factors affecting hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, and processing fluidity. Their content is limited to between 2.8% and 3.9%. The combination of Mg and Si significantly enhances hardness, strength, airtightness, and processing fluidity. Experiments show that when Mg + Si is less than 2.8%, the fluidity of the resulting aluminum alloy matrix decreases, as does its hardness and strength. The reduced strength also has a certain impact on corrosion resistance. When Mg + Si is greater than 3.9%, the plasticity and toughness of the aluminum alloy matrix significantly decrease, corrosion resistance declines, and the risk of hot cracking increases.

[0020] Furthermore, in the chemical composition of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, the mass percentages of Cr, Mn, and Mo satisfy the condition: 2.5%≤Cr+Mn+Mo≤2.85%.

[0021] In this invention, Cr, Mn, and Mo are factors affecting strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. Their concentration is limited to between 2.5% and 2.85% to minimize costs while significantly improving the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy matrix after compounding. Furthermore, the long-term service temperature can reach 300℃. Experiments have shown that when Cr, Mn, and Mo are less than 2.5%, the resulting aluminum alloy matrix exhibits poor corrosion resistance, reduced strength, and significantly lower high-temperature resistance. When Cr, Mn, and Mo are greater than 2.85%, the plasticity and toughness of the aluminum alloy matrix are significantly reduced, and the heat resistance and corrosion resistance tend to decrease.

[0022] This invention also provides a method for preparing a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. Pre-formed reinforcement: Weigh (Al6Zn2ZrNi) by atomic percentage. 100-x-y B x Ti y Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B, and Ti elemental powders in the alloy were ball-milled in an argon atmosphere and vacuum-dried to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder was then heated and melted in a melting furnace, and the molten metal was injected into a molten metal container. High-pressure argon gas was introduced to atomize the molten metal, and the atomizer deposited the atomized metal onto a substrate to obtain (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100-x-y B x Ti y Alloy particles;

[0024] S2. Aluminum alloy ingredients: Weigh the raw materials according to the chemical composition of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy by mass percentage;

[0025] S3. Aluminum Alloy Melting: The weighed chemical components Si, Fe, B, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, and Al are added to a melting furnace and melted. A refining agent is added (the amount of refining agent added is 0.6% of the mass of the aluminum alloy matrix). The mixture is held at 700-750℃ for 30-40 minutes, and surface slag is removed to obtain molten liquid A. Then, the temperature of molten liquid A is lowered to 640-670℃, and an aluminum-magnesium master alloy is added (added later to reduce the magnesium burn-off rate). The mixture is melted and stirred for 3-5 minutes to obtain molten liquid B. The temperature of molten liquid B is then raised to 700-720℃, and (Al6Zn2ZrNi) is added. 100-x-y B x Ti y Mix the alloy particles for 20-30 minutes, then add the refining agent (the amount of refining agent added is 0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy matrix), stir for 10-15 minutes, let stand for 10 minutes, remove the surface slag, and obtain the alloy liquid;

[0026] S4. Die casting: Pour the above-mentioned alloy liquid into the required mold and die cast to obtain aluminum alloy die castings;

[0027] S5. Homogenization treatment: The above-mentioned aluminum alloy die castings are placed in a vacuum heat treatment device for homogenization treatment and cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenized castings.

[0028] S6. Aging treatment: Deburr and flash from the above homogenized castings, and then perform aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy composite material of the desired casting.

[0029] Furthermore, in the ball milling process of step S1, the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 220-250 r / min, and the ball milling time is 3-4 h.

[0030] Further, in step S3, the refining agent is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 40-52 parts NaCl, 30-40 parts BaCl2, 15-23 parts La2O3 and 3-5 parts carbon powder.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S4, during the die casting process, the temperature of the poured alloy liquid is 670-680℃, the injection pressure is 60-150MPa, and the mold temperature is 200-300℃.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S5, the homogenization treatment temperature is 430-450℃, and the holding time is 3-8h; the cooling treatment step is as follows: first cool the aluminum alloy die-casting water to 200-250℃, and then air cool to room temperature.

[0033] Further, in step S6, the aging treatment steps are as follows: first, the homogenized casting is heated to 120-130℃ and held for 24-36 hours; then, the temperature is raised to 180-190℃ and held for 30-45 minutes; then, it is cooled to 100℃ at a rate of 0.5-2℃ / min, and finally, it is air-cooled to room temperature.

[0034] The present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention uses spray deposition to prepare (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100-x-y B x Ti y Using alloys as reinforcement, the aluminum alloy matrix is ​​smelted through a certain feeding process, and then die-cast, homogenized, and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy composite material with high hardness, strength, and airtightness, as well as excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high and low temperature resistance, and processing performance. It is also less prone to hot cracking during the die-casting process.

[0036] 2. The reinforcing material of this invention is based on the design concept of high-entropy alloys and is composed of Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B and Ti elements in a certain atomic ratio. This prevents the formation of intermetallic compounds and forms a single-phase solid solution, which allows it to have good wettability and interfacial compatibility with the aluminum alloy matrix during die casting. This enables the reinforcing material to be uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix and to effectively combine with the various metal elements in the aluminum alloy matrix, refining the grains and greatly reducing the generation of porosity. As a result, the airtightness, mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and hot crack resistance of this invention are significantly improved, and the service life of the aluminum alloy composite material is extended.

[0037] 3. In this invention, the refining agent is added twice during the smelting process to ensure that it reacts fully with impurities, significantly improving the purity and overall performance of the aluminum alloy composite material. The refining agent of this invention is composed of appropriate proportions of NaCl, BaCl2, La2O3, and carbon powder. It not only removes impurities from the molten aluminum alloy but also refines the grains, contributing to increased hardness and strength of the aluminum alloy composite material, improved processing fluidity of the molten aluminum alloy, reduced residual stress, and enhanced toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0038] 4. The present invention is designed based on the chemical composition and structure of aluminum alloy composite materials. It employs homogenization treatment and aging treatment to perform post-treatment on aluminum alloy die castings, so that the components in the present invention are evenly distributed, dislocation movement is prevented, and density is improved, thereby improving the hardness, strength and toughness of the present invention, and giving it excellent high temperature stability and corrosion resistance.

[0039] 5. The chemical composition and content of the aluminum alloy matrix of the present invention are determined by orthogonal experimental design. Most of the chemical components are common metals that are easy to obtain and have good wettability and interfacial compatibility with the reinforcement. As a result, the aluminum alloy matrix has high hardness, high strength, and excellent high-temperature impact resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material and its preparation method of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for preparing a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is as follows:

[0044] S1. Pre-formed reinforcement: Weigh Al according to atomic percentage. 55 Zn 18 Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B, and Ti elemental powders from the Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy were ball-milled in an argon atmosphere at a ball-to-powder ratio of 15:1 at 240 r / min for 4 hours. The mixture was then vacuum-dried to obtain a mixed powder. This mixed powder was then heated and melted in a melting furnace. The molten metal was then poured into a molten metal ladle, and high-pressure argon gas (0.75 MPa) was introduced to atomize the molten metal. The atomized metal was then deposited onto a substrate at a deposition distance of 1000 mm to obtain Al… 55 Zn 18 Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy particles.

[0045] S2. Aluminum Alloy Batching: The raw materials are weighed according to the chemical composition of Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloys by mass percentage: Al-Si12, Al-Mg10, Al-Fe10, Al-B10, Al-Cr10, Al-Mn20, Al-Mo5, Al-Nb20 master alloys and pure aluminum ingots, that is, the mass percentage of each metal element is: Mg 1.1%, Si 2.5%, Fe 0.6%, B 0.05%, Cr 1.4%, Mn 1.3%, Mo 0.15%, Nb 0.12%, impurities ≤0.01%, and the remainder is Al.

[0046] S3. Aluminum Alloy Melting: The weighed chemical components Si, Fe, B, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, and Al are added to a melting furnace and melted. 0.6 wt% refining agent is added (i.e., the amount of refining agent added is 0.6% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy chemical components). The mixture is held at 720℃ for 40 minutes, and surface slag is removed to obtain molten liquid A. Then, the temperature of molten liquid A is lowered by 650℃, Al-Mg10 master alloy is added, melted, and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain molten liquid B. The temperature of molten liquid B is then raised to 720℃, and Al is added... 55 Zn 18 Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy particles (Al) 55 Zn 18 The Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy particles were added at 30% of the total mass of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy raw materials. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then 0.2 wt% refining agent was added (the amount of refining agent added was 0.2% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy chemical composition), stirred for 15 minutes, and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. Surface slag was removed to obtain the alloy liquid.

[0047] S4. Die casting: The above alloy liquid is heated to 680℃ and then poured into the required mold for die casting. The injection pressure is 80MPa, the injection speed is 2m / s, and the mold temperature is 280℃ to obtain aluminum alloy die castings.

[0048] S5. Homogenization treatment: The above-mentioned aluminum alloy die castings are placed in a vacuum heat treatment device for homogenization treatment at a temperature of 440°C for 6 hours. Then, the aluminum alloy die casting water is cooled to 220°C and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenized castings.

[0049] S6. Aging treatment: Deburr and flash from the above homogenized casting, then heat the homogenized casting to 120℃ and hold for 36h; then heat to 180℃ and hold for 45min; cool to 100℃ at 1℃ / min, and finally air cool to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy composite material of the desired casting.

[0050] The above refining agent is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 43 parts NaCl, 35 parts BaCl2, 18 parts La2O3 and 4 parts carbon powder.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A method for preparing a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is as follows:

[0053] S1. Pre-formed reinforcement: Weigh Al according to atomic percentage. 52.7 Zn 17.5 Zr 8.8 Ni 8.8 B 4.2Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B, and Ti elemental powders from the Ti8 alloy were ball-milled in an argon atmosphere at a ball-to-powder ratio of 15:1 at 240 r / min for 4 hours. The mixture was then vacuum-dried to obtain a mixed powder. This mixed powder was then heated and melted in a melting furnace. The molten metal was then poured into a molten metal ladle, and high-pressure argon gas (0.75 MPa) was introduced to atomize the molten metal. The atomized metal was then deposited onto a substrate at a deposition distance of 1000 mm to obtain Al. 55 Zn 18 Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy particles.

[0054] S2. Aluminum Alloy Batching: The raw materials are weighed according to the chemical composition of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloys by mass percentage: Al-Si12, Al-Mg10, Al-Fe10, Al-B10, Al-Cr10, Al-Mn20, Al-Mo5, Al-Nb20 master alloys and pure aluminum ingots, that is, the mass percentage of each metal element is: Mg 1.6%, Si 1.2%, Fe 0.3%, B 0.09%, Cr 1.8%, Mn 0.9%, Mo 0.15%, Nb 0.08%, impurities ≤0.01%, and the remainder is Al.

[0055] S3. Aluminum Alloy Melting: The weighed chemical components Si, Fe, B, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, and Al are added to a melting furnace and melted. 0.6 wt% refining agent is added (i.e., the amount of refining agent added is 0.6% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy chemical components). The mixture is held at 750℃ for 30 minutes, and surface slag is removed to obtain molten liquid A. Then, the temperature of molten liquid A is lowered to 660℃, Al-Mg10 master alloy is added, melted, and stirred for 5 minutes to obtain molten liquid B. The temperature of molten liquid B is then raised to 720℃, and Al is added... 55 Zn 18 Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy particles (Al) 55 Zn 18 The Zr9Ni9B3Ti6 alloy particles were added at 20% of the total mass of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy raw materials. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, then 0.2 wt% refining agent was added (the amount of refining agent added was 0.2% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy chemical composition). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes, allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and the surface slag was removed to obtain the alloy liquid.

[0056] S4. Die casting: The above alloy liquid is heated to 680℃ and then poured into the required mold for die casting. The injection pressure is 80MPa, the injection speed is 2m / s, and the mold temperature is 280℃ to obtain aluminum alloy die castings.

[0057] S5. Homogenization treatment: The above-mentioned aluminum alloy die castings are placed in a vacuum heat treatment device for homogenization treatment at a temperature of 435°C for 7 hours. Then, the aluminum alloy die casting water is cooled to 210°C and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenized castings.

[0058] S6. Aging treatment: Remove burrs and flash from the homogenized castings, then heat the homogenized castings to 130℃ and hold for 24 hours; then heat to 190℃ and hold for 30 minutes; cool to 100℃ at 2℃ / min, and finally air cool to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy composite material of the desired castings.

[0059] The refining agent described above is the same as that in Example 1, and the specific details are as described in Example 1.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] The preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 1, and the chemical composition, content and addition method of the refining agent are also the same, as detailed in Example 1.

[0062] The difference is that, weighed by atomic percentage, the reinforcing agent in Example 3 is Al. 54 Zn 18 Zr9Ni9B 3.5 Ti 6.5 The alloy particles, and the amount of reinforcement added is 26.5% of the total mass of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy raw materials.

[0063] Weighed by mass percentage, the chemical composition of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy (i.e., aluminum alloy matrix) is: Mg 1.6%, Si 2.3%, Fe 0.5%, B 0.07%, Cr 1.4%, Mn 0.9%, Mo 0.32%, Nb 0.1%, impurities ≤0.01%, and the remainder is Al.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] The preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 1, and the chemical composition, content and addition method of the refining agent are also the same, as detailed in Example 1.

[0066] The difference is that, weighed by atomic percentage, the reinforcing agent in Example 4 is Al. 53.4 Zn 17.8 Zr 8.9 Ni 8.9 B4Ti7 alloy particles were used, and the amount of reinforcement added was 24% of the total mass of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy raw materials.

[0067] Weighed by mass percentage, the chemical composition of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy (i.e., aluminum alloy matrix) is: Mg 1.4%, Si 1.8%, Fe 0.5%, B 0.07%, Cr 1.45%, Mn 1.0%, Mo 0.2%, Nb 0.1%, impurities ≤0.01%, and the remainder is Al.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] The preparation method of a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 4, specifically referring to Example 4. The difference is that the aluminum alloy melting in step S3 of Example 5 is as follows: the above-weighed chemical components Mg, Si, Fe, B, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, and Al are... 53.4 Zn 17.8 Zr 8.9 Ni 8.9 B4Ti7 alloy particles (i.e., the amount of reinforcement added is still 24% of the total mass of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy raw materials) are added to a melting furnace for melting, and 0.8wt% refining agent is added (i.e., the amount of refining agent added is 0.8% of the total mass of aluminum alloy chemical composition). The mixture is held at 750℃ for 60 min, allowed to stand for 10 min, and the surface slag is removed to obtain the alloy liquid.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] The preparation method of a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 4, specifically referring to Example 4. The difference is that, in Comparative Example 1, instead of using a reinforcing agent to modify the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, the Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B, and Ti elemental powders contained in the reinforcing agent are added according to Al... 53.4 Zn 17.8 Zr 8.9 Ni 8.9 The atomic percentage of B4Ti7 alloy particles was converted into a mass percentage and added to the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, and the preparation was carried out according to the preparation method of Example 4 (i.e., step S1 was omitted, and these elemental metal powders were added directly in the order of addition).

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] The preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 4, specifically referring to Example 4. The difference is that the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy (i.e., the aluminum alloy matrix) in Comparative Example 2 has the following chemical composition by mass percentage: Mg 1.6%, Si 2.5%, Fe 0.5%, B 0.07%, Cr 1.8%, Mn 1.3%, Mo 0.32%, Nb 0.1%, impurities ≤0.01%, and the remainder being Al.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] The preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 4, specifically referring to Example 4. The difference is that the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy (i.e., the aluminum alloy matrix) in Comparative Example 3 has the following chemical composition by mass percentage: Mg 1.1%, Si 2.2%, Fe 0.5%, B 0.07%, Cr 1.4%, Mn 0.9%, Mo 0.15%, Nb 0.1%, impurities ≤0.01%, and the remainder being Al.

[0076] Comparative Example 4

[0077] The preparation method of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 4, specifically referring to Example 4. The difference is that the refining agent in Comparative Example 4 is composed of NaCl, KCl, and CaF2 in a mass ratio of 3:6:1.

[0078] Comparative Example 5

[0079] The preparation method for a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material is the same as that in Example 4, specifically referring to Example 4. The difference is that the aging treatment in Comparative Example 5 adopts a conventional method, namely, holding at 180°C for 5 hours and then air-cooling to room temperature.

[0080] Comparative Example 6

[0081] The aluminum alloy in Comparative Example 6 was prepared using the same method as in Example 4. The difference is that no reinforcing agent (i.e., no Al) was added in Comparative Example 6. 53.4 Zn 17.8 Zr 8.9 Ni 8.9 B4Ti7 alloy particles), excluding the reinforcement addition steps in steps S1 and S2 (i.e., adding Al). 53.4 Zn 17.8 Zr 8.9 Ni 8.9 (B4Ti7 alloy particles were removed).

[0082] The aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were tested for mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistance. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0083] Table 1 Mechanical Performance Test Results

[0084]

[0085] The test results in Table 1 show that the present invention possesses excellent mechanical strength and fracture toughness, and maintains excellent toughness and mechanical strength even at 300℃. The reinforcing body is (Al6Zn2ZrNi).100-x-y B x Ti y When the alloy is added to the aluminum alloy matrix, the strength, toughness and high temperature resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material are improved. When the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, the refining agent components and the heat treatment process are improved, the mechanical strength, toughness and high temperature resistance of the present invention are improved to a certain extent.

[0086] Table 2 Performance test results of aluminum alloy composite materials

[0087]

[0088] Note: The corrosion rate test described above was conducted in a salt spray environment, with the reagent being a 50 g / L sodium chloride molten solution.

[0089] The test results in Table 2 show that the present invention exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The reinforcing agent is (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100-x-y B x Ti y When the alloy is added to the aluminum alloy matrix, the hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the aluminum alloy composite material are improved. When the composition of the aluminum alloy matrix, the refining agent components and the heat treatment process are improved, the hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the present invention are improved to a certain extent.

[0090] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0091] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material, comprising an aluminum alloy substrate and a reinforcement, characterized in that, The reinforcement is formed by jet deposition of a combination of Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B and Ti elements in a certain atomic ratio; The reinforcing agent is (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100-x-y B x Ti y Alloy, wherein 3 at.% ≤ x ≤ 4.2 at.%, 6 at.% < y ≤ 8 at.%; The aluminum alloy substrate is an Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, and the amount of the reinforcing body added is 20-30% of the mass of the aluminum alloy substrate; The chemical composition of the Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, by mass percentage, is as follows: Mg 1.1-1.6%, Si 1.2-2.5%, Fe 0.3-0.6%, B 0.05-0.09%, Cr 1.4-1.8%, Mn 0.9-1.3%, Mo 0.15-0.32%, Nb 0.08-0.12%, with the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities; the mass percentages of Mg and Si satisfy the condition: 2.8% ≤ Mg + Si ≤ 3.9%; the mass percentages of Cr, Mn, and Mo satisfy the condition: 2.5% ≤ Cr + Mn + Mo ≤ 2.85%.

2. A method for preparing a high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1. Pre-formed reinforcement: Weigh (Al6Zn2ZrNi) by atomic percentage. 100-x-y B x Ti y Al, Zn, Zr, Ni, B, and Ti elemental powders in the alloy were ball-milled in an argon atmosphere and vacuum-dried to obtain a mixed powder. The mixed powder was then heated and melted in a melting furnace, and the molten metal was injected into a molten metal container. High-pressure argon gas was introduced to atomize the molten metal, and the atomizer deposited the atomized metal onto a substrate to obtain (Al6Zn2ZrNi). 100-x-y B x Ti y Alloy particles; S2. Aluminum alloy ingredients: Weigh the raw materials according to the chemical composition of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy by mass percentage; S3. Aluminum alloy smelting: The weighed chemical components Si, Fe, B, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, and Al are added to a smelting furnace and melted. A refining agent is added, and the mixture is held at 700-750℃ for 30-40 minutes. Surface slag is removed to obtain molten liquid A. Subsequently, the temperature of molten liquid A is lowered to 640-670℃, an aluminum-magnesium master alloy is added, and the mixture is melted and stirred for 3-5 minutes to obtain molten liquid B. Then, the temperature of molten liquid B is raised to 700-720℃, and (Al6Zn2ZrNi) is added. 100-x-y B x Ti y Add alloy particles, stir for 20-30 minutes, then add refining agent, stir for 10-15 minutes, let stand for 10 minutes, remove surface scum, and obtain alloy liquid; S4. Die casting: Pour the above-mentioned alloy liquid into the required mold and die cast to obtain aluminum alloy die castings; S5. Homogenization treatment: The above-mentioned aluminum alloy die castings are placed in a vacuum heat treatment device for homogenization treatment and cooled to room temperature to obtain homogenized castings. S6. Aging treatment: Deburr and flash from the above homogenized castings, and then perform aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy composite material of the desired casting.

3. The method for preparing the high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the ball milling process of step S1, the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 220-250 r / min, and the ball milling time is 3-4 h.

4. The method for preparing the high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the refining agent is composed of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 40-52 parts NaCl, 30-40 parts BaCl2, 15-23 parts La2O3 and 3-5 parts carbon powder.

5. The method for preparing the high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, during the die casting process, the temperature of the poured alloy liquid is 670-680℃, the injection pressure is 60-150MPa, and the mold temperature is 200-300℃.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S5, the homogenization treatment temperature is 430-450℃ and the holding time is 3-8h; the cooling treatment steps are: first, cool the aluminum alloy die-casting water to 200-250℃, and then air cool to room temperature.

7. The method for preparing the high-strength, corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the aging treatment process is as follows: first, the homogenized casting is heated to 120-130℃ and held for 24-36 hours; then, the temperature is raised to 180-190℃ and held for 30-45 minutes; then, it is cooled to 100℃ at a rate of 0.5-2℃ / min, and finally, it is air-cooled to room temperature.

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