Top-blowing supersonic rotational flow spray gun and control system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tin smelting, and discloses a top-blowing supersonic rotational flow spray gun and a control system and method thereof.The top-blowing supersonic rotational flow spray gun comprises four layers of sleeves, and a flow channel formed by the outer layer sleeve and the supersonic layer sleeve is mainly used for blowing desulfurized concentrate; a flow channel between the supersonic speed layer sleeve and the cyclone layer sleeve is used for blowing oxygen-enriched air; a runner between the cyclone layer sleeve and the inner layer sleeve is used for blowing dry powder; and an internal runner of the inner-layer sleeve is used for injecting pulverized coal. The system comprises a Mach number acquisition module which is used for acquiring oxygen-enriched air flow, pressure, temperature and spray gun structure size parameters of real-time industrial application and finally required Mach number of a spray gun expansion flow channel outlet; the three-dimensional flow channel model building module is used for building a three-dimensional flow channel model and dividing the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral grids; and when the preset deviation value is reached, the initial physical field is calculated. Oxygen-enriched air is effectively accelerated to a supersonic speed state, and the stirring efficiency of a molten pool and the penetration depth of material particles are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tin smelting, and particularly to a top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun and its control system and method. Background Art

[0002] In traditional tin smelting processes, a spray gun device is widely used to inject oxygen-enriched air, desulfurized concentrate, dry powder, and pulverized coal into the molten bath. By injecting oxygen-enriched air into the molten bath, the stirring ability of the molten bath can be enhanced, the rate of the smelting reaction can be increased, and it helps to shorten the smelting cycle. At the same time, pulverized coal can effectively provide a reducing atmosphere, which is beneficial to the desulfurization process. However, due to the low injection speed of oxygen-enriched air of traditional top-blown spray guns and the fast melting speed of materials, the stirring intensity does not match the melting speed, resulting in low stirring efficiency of the molten bath; in smelting production practice, although the stirring can be strengthened by increasing the intake air volume, the injection of excessive gas will not only increase the dust rate in the molten bath but also carry away a large amount of heat energy, thus significantly increasing the energy consumption. In addition, when the desulfurized concentrate and pulverized coal are injected into the molten bath by traditional top-blown spray guns, they are usually concentrated in the central spraying area, which makes it difficult for the materials to quickly diffuse and participate in the chemical reaction, affecting the reaction efficiency and uniformity. Therefore, the prior art urgently needs to be further improved to meet the higher requirements of modern tin smelting for efficiency and environmental protection.

[0003] Prior Art One, a Chinese patent with the patent number: 202510190991.2 discloses a spray gun device, including a spray gun body and a scraping mechanism. Among them, the spray gun body has a central flow channel inside, and the central flow channel is connected to an external gas source to realize the preparation of a deposition layer; the scraping mechanism includes a scraper, the scraper is rotatably connected to the spray gun body, and the scraper is located at the outlet end of the central flow channel to scrape the deposits at the outlet of the central flow channel. The spray gun body uses the central flow channel to convey materials and ignites the materials to prepare the deposition layer. At the same time, a scraping mechanism is provided, and a scraper is arranged at the outlet end of the central flow channel. During the preparation process, the scraper rotates, and the deposits at the outlet of the central flow channel can be scraped off to prevent the deposits from affecting the material conveyance of the central flow channel and ensure the normal operation of the spray gun device. Although, a silane coating preparation system is provided, including a spray gun device, to ensure the preparation efficiency and quality of the silane coating; however, the problem of poor uniformity of the rotating air flow carrying material particles leads to a longer mass transfer process time.

[0004] Prior Art Two, a Chinese patent with the patent number 202411539493.6, discloses a scramjet hypersonic flame spray gun device and its method. The device includes: a coaxial stabilizer, a combustion chamber, a coupler, and a gun barrel. The coaxial stabilizer is hermetically connected to the rear end of the combustion chamber and is provided with a gun chamber pressure measuring tube, an ignition needle, a fuel needle, a No. 1 oxygen input tube, and a No. 2 oxygen input tube. One end of the coupler is hermetically connected to the outlet of the Laval nozzle structure of the combustion chamber, and the other end is hermetically connected to the gun barrel, forming the spray gun body as a whole. The interior of the combustion chamber, the central through hole of the coupler, and the interior of the gun barrel together form a flame channel; along the radial direction on the coupler, there is a powder feeding needle for feeding powder, hydrogen, and carrier gas into the flame channel of the central through hole. Although, by introducing hydrogen and oxygen to carry out supersonic combustion at the coupler, it is possible to further increase the gun chamber pressure difference and the flame temperature, thereby breaking through the conventional supersonic flame spray gun flame flow speed of 6 - 8 Mach, and increasing the flame flow speed of the supersonic flame spray gun to more than 10 Mach; however, when injecting desulfurized concentrate and pulverized coal into the molten pool, it is usually concentrated in the central area of the injection, which makes it difficult for the materials to quickly diffuse and participate in the chemical reaction, affecting the reaction efficiency and uniformity.

[0005] Prior Art Three, a Chinese patent with the patent number 202411469928.4, provides a plasma spray gun device compatible with near-atmospheric pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, which relates to the field of in-situ spectroscopy characterization. On the first hand, it provides a plasma spray gun device compatible with near-atmospheric pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, which can realize the synchronous transportation of gas and the generation of plasma at the same position, ensuring the uniformity of the plasma entering the in-situ characterization experimental chamber, and can concentrate the plasma in the test area, increasing the plasma concentration on the sample surface and enhancing the surface reaction of the sample. Although, on the second hand, it provides an in-situ photoelectron spectroscopy characterization device; however, the molten pool stirring efficiency and the penetration depth of the material particles are relatively poor, resulting in the problems of low molten pool reaction speed and low utilization rate of the particulate materials.

[0006] Currently, Prior Art One, Prior Art Two, and Prior Art Three have the problem that when injecting desulfurized concentrate and pulverized coal into the molten pool, it is usually concentrated in the central area of the injection, making it difficult for the materials to quickly diffuse and participate in the chemical reaction, affecting the reaction efficiency and uniformity. To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun and its control system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun and its control system and method to solve the problem in the prior art that when injecting desulfurized concentrate and pulverized coal into the molten pool, it is usually concentrated in the central area of the injection, making it difficult for the materials to quickly diffuse and participate in the chemical reaction, affecting the reaction efficiency and uniformity.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun, the top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun includes four layers of sleeves; the flow channel formed by the outer sleeve and the supersonic layer sleeve is used for spraying desulfurized concentrate, and at the same time, the carrier gas also plays a role in wrapping and cooling the lower end of the spray gun; the flow channel between the supersonic layer sleeve and the cyclone layer sleeve is used for spraying oxygen-enriched air; the flow channel between the cyclone layer sleeve and the inner sleeve is used for spraying dry powder; the internal flow channel of the inner sleeve is used for spraying pulverized coal.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, for the oxygen-enriched air contraction-expansion flow channel structure of the top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun, subsonic oxygen-enriched air enters the flow channel contraction section from the annular inlet. At this time, the air flow accelerates, and the air flow reaches the speed of sound at the throat position and enters the expansion section to continue expanding and accelerating to the supersonic state.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the spray gun altogether includes three stages of swirling blades, the tip clearance is 2 mm, and the blade thickness is 4 mm. The first-stage cyclone includes 4 swirling blades, with a height of 672 mm and a rotation angle of 70°; the second-stage cyclone includes 4 swirling blades, with a height of 395 mm and a rotation angle of 100°; the third-stage cyclone includes 5 swirling blades, with a height of 340 mm and a rotation angle of 120°; the distance between the first and second stages of cyclones is 403 mm, and the distance between the second and third stages of cyclones is 318 mm.

[0012] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions:

[0013] An efficient and low-consumption control system for a top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun, which is applied to the above-mentioned top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun. The efficient and low-consumption control system for a top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun includes:

[0014] A Mach number acquisition module, which is used to acquire the flow rate, pressure, temperature of oxygen-enriched air in real industrial applications, as well as the spray gun structure size parameters and the final required Mach number at the outlet of the spray gun expansion flow channel; calculate the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and use an arc to smoothly connect between the contraction section and the expansion section;

[0015] A three-dimensional flow channel model establishment module, which is used to establish a three-dimensional flow channel model, divide the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral meshes; set boundary conditions, including the inlet pressure and temperature of oxygen-enriched air, and set the wall as a non-slip standard wall function; preset the set value of oxygen-enriched air components, the preset oxygen value and the preset nitrogen value, and calculate the density;

[0016] A preset deviation value reaching module, which is used to calculate the initial physical field; extract the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, adjust the outlet diameter of the expansion section accordingly according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value and calculate again, and finally reach the preset deviation value between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the Mach number acquisition module includes:

[0018] The throat diameter sub-module is used to analyze the ratio of the throat critical area to the outlet area by combining the oxygen-rich air flow rate, pressure, temperature and other parameters collected in real time with the designed outlet Mach number; determine the throat area according to the critical conditions, analyze the throat area, and obtain the throat diameter;

[0019] The smooth connection sub-module of the throat is used to obtain the outlet area based on the area ratio, analyze the outlet area, and obtain the outlet diameter; construct the contraction section profile, and control the Mach number distribution of the contraction section by adjusting the curve parameters to obtain the smooth connection of the throat;

[0020] The coordinate sub-module of each point is used to set an arc boundary with the throat center as the center of the circle, and construct an arc profile connecting the expansion section of the throat; determine the position of the arc center and the coordinates of each point on the expansion section profile by analyzing the circular arc profiles of the throat and the expansion section.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the three-dimensional flow channel model establishment module includes:

[0022] The three-dimensional flow channel model establishment sub-module is used to establish a three-dimensional flow channel model based on the obtained geometric parameters; define the oxygen-rich air inlet type as a pressure inlet, and set the strong pressure of the oxygen-rich air inlet according to the actual oxygen supply intensity; assign the static pressure, velocity and temperature parameters of the oxygen-rich air inlet;

[0023] The no-slip boundary sub-module is used to set all wall surfaces as no-slip boundaries, handle the flow in the near-wall region, calculate the accuracy and grid complexity; set the component ratio of the oxygen-rich air, and calculate the physical property parameters such as the density, viscosity and thermal conductivity of the mixed gas according to the components;

[0024] The nozzle profile parameter adjustment sub-unit is used to set the outlet boundary condition as a pressure outlet and give the ambient pressure; for high Mach number flows, the characteristic line method is used for profile correction, and the outlet flow field uniformity is improved by optimizing the nozzle profile parameters.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preset deviation value reaching module includes:

[0026] The initial physical field sub-module is used to calculate based on the strong pressure, temperature, wall no-slip boundary conditions and component parameters of the oxygen-rich air inlet, with second-order accuracy for time and space discretization, a fluid time step of 1×10-5s, and given the initial physical field;

[0027] A quantitative comparison sub-module, which is used to extract the actual value of the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section and record the distribution characteristics; compare the actual outlet Mach number with the designed value and calculate the relative deviation; if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, adjust the nozzle geometric parameters; adjust the outlet diameter according to the deviation direction; quantitatively compare the obtained outlet Mach number and mass flow rate with the results of the annular contraction-expansion channel.

[0028] A deviation threshold sub-module, for the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure is compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics; re-adjust according to the flow characteristics, re-divide the grid after each adjustment, and iterate in turn until the actual Mach number meets the preset deviation threshold.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the quantitative comparison sub-module includes:

[0030] A quantitative result comparison unit, which is used to quantitatively compare the outlet Mach number and mass flow rate obtained by the isentropic theory with the results of the annular contraction-expansion channel calculated by the three-dimensional flow channel model.

[0031] A flow characteristic unit, for the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure is compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics.

[0032] A turbulence influence unit, which is used to calculate the influence of turbulence.

[0033] As a further improvement of the present invention, the deviation threshold sub-module includes:

[0034] A relative deviation unit, which is used to numerically solve the compressible flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure based on the Navier-Stokes equation; in each iteration, extract the actual gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section and compare it with the preset value to calculate the relative deviation.

[0035] An adjustment mechanism unit, for if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, trigger the adjustment mechanism; adjust the nozzle geometric parameters according to the deviation direction; if the actual Mach number is lower than the designed value, increase the outlet diameter of the expansion section; re-divide the grid after each geometric parameter adjustment.

[0036] An optimization adjustment calculation unit, which is used to bring the new geometric parameters and grid into the Navier-Stokes equation for a new round of flow calculation, and repeat the above steps until the deviation between the actual Mach number and the designed value enters the threshold range.

[0037] To achieve the above object, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions:

[0038] An efficient and low-consumption control method for a top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun, which is applied to the efficient and low-consumption control system of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun. The efficient and low-consumption control method for the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun includes:

[0039] Collect the flow rate, pressure, temperature of oxygen-enriched air in real-time industrial applications, as well as the spray gun structure size parameters and the final required Mach number at the outlet of the spray gun expansion flow channel; calculate the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and use an arc to smoothly connect the contraction section and the expansion section;

[0040] Establish a three-dimensional flow channel model, divide the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral meshes; set boundary conditions, including the inlet pressure and temperature of oxygen-enriched air, and set the wall surface as a non-slip standard wall function; preset the set value of oxygen and the preset value of nitrogen for the oxygen-enriched air components, and calculate the density;

[0041] Calculate the initial physical field; extract the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, adjust the outlet diameter of the expansion section accordingly according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value and calculate again, and finally achieve the preset deviation value between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number.

[0042] The present invention can effectively accelerate oxygen-enriched air to a supersonic state, thereby significantly improving the molten pool stirring efficiency and the penetration depth of material particles. It greatly improves the molten pool reaction speed and the utilization rate of particulate materials, and enhances the economic benefits of enterprises; it completes intensive stirring with a smaller blowing gas volume, greatly reducing heat energy loss, being conducive to maintaining a stable furnace temperature and improving smelting quality. In addition, it can effectively reduce the dust rate and the downstream flue gas treatment cost, which is of great significance for energy conservation and environmental protection; through the swirl vane, it guides high-speed oxygen-enriched air to form an air flow with rotational flow characteristics, and the rotational air flow entrains material particles and injects them into the molten pool more evenly and within a larger radial range, greatly shortening the time of the mass transfer process and accelerating the rate of chemical reactions, thereby significantly enhancing the overall efficiency of the tin smelting process. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the oxygen-enriched air contraction-expansion flow channel device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the cyclone structure device of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a specific schematic diagram of an embodiment of the cyclone structure device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5Schematic diagram of functional modules of an embodiment of the high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun control system of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the Mach number acquisition module of an embodiment of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional flow channel model establishment module of an embodiment of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the module for reaching the preset deviation value of an embodiment of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the quantitative comparison sub-module of an embodiment of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the deviation threshold sub-module of an embodiment of the top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the step flow of an embodiment of the high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun control method of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the electronic device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the storage medium of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] The terms "first", "second", and "third" in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally further include unlisted steps or units, or may optionally further include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0058] Reference to "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The phrase appears in various places in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0059] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a top-blown supersonic swirling spray gun. In this embodiment, the top-blown supersonic swirling spray gun includes:

[0060] The supersonic swirling spray gun device mainly includes four layers of sleeves; the flow channel formed by the outer sleeve 1 and the supersonic layer sleeve 2 is mainly used for spraying desulfurized concentrate, and at the same time, the carrier gas also plays a role in wrapping and cooling the lower end of the spray gun; the supersonic layer sleeve 2 and the cyclone layer sleeve 3 are the core components of the spray gun system, and the flow channel between these two layers of sleeves is used for spraying oxygen-enriched air; the flow channel between the cyclone layer sleeve 3 and the inner sleeve 4 is used for spraying dry powder; the internal flow channel of the inner sleeve 4 is used for spraying pulverized coal.

[0061] Among them, as Figure 2 shown, the oxygen-enriched air contraction-expansion flow channel structure includes: an outlet 7, a diverging section 8, a converging section 9, an inlet 10, and a throat 11;

[0062] Subsonic oxygen-rich air enters the contraction section 9 of the flow channel from the annular inlet 10. At this time, the air flow accelerates, reaches the speed of sound at the throat 11 position, and then enters the expansion section 8 to continue expanding and accelerating to the supersonic state; the design of the contraction-expansion flow channel structure takes into account the flow rate, pressure, temperature, and spray gun structure size parameters of actual industrial applications, as well as the final required Mach number at the outlet 7 of the spray gun expansion flow channel.

[0063] Among them, as Figure 3 shown, the cyclone structure includes: the thickness 12 of the three-stage cyclone blades and the gap 13 between the three-stage cyclone blades;

[0064] The spray gun altogether contains three stages of cyclone blades. The tip clearance is 2 mm, and the blade thickness is 4 mm. The first-stage cyclone contains 4 cyclone blades with a height of 672 mm and a rotation angle of 70°. The second-stage cyclone contains 4 cyclone blades with a height of 395 mm and a rotation angle of 100°. The third-stage cyclone contains 5 cyclone blades with a height of 340 mm and a rotation angle of 120°. The distance between the first and second stages of cyclones is 403 mm, and the distance between the second and third stages of cyclones is 318 mm. According to the oxygen-rich air flow rate in the actual smelting process, the cyclone parameters can be appropriately adjusted. The number of blades, the blade rotation angle, and the inter-stage distance are the key parameters affecting the air flow loss and are of great significance for the total pressure loss at the inlet and outlet (for the specific principle, refer to the attached Figure 4 , Figure 4 the first-stage cyclone 14, the second-stage cyclone 15, and the third-stage cyclone 16 in it; the length of the first-stage cyclone 14 is 672 mm, the length of the second-stage cyclone 15 is 395 mm, the length of the third-stage cyclone 16 is 340 mm, the interval between the first-stage cyclone 14 and the second-stage cyclone 15 is 403 mm, and the interval between the second-stage cyclone 15 and the third-stage cyclone 16 is 318 mm).

[0065] As Figure 5 shown, this embodiment also provides an embodiment of an efficient and low-consumption top-blown supersonic cyclone spray gun control system. In this embodiment, the efficient and low-consumption top-blown supersonic cyclone spray gun control system is applied to the top-blown supersonic cyclone spray gun in the above-mentioned embodiment. This efficient and low-consumption top-blown supersonic cyclone spray gun control system includes:

[0066] A Mach number acquisition module 100, which is used to acquire the oxygen-rich air flow rate, pressure, temperature, and spray gun structure size parameters of real-time industrial applications, as well as the final required Mach number at the outlet of the spray gun expansion flow channel; calculate the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and use an arc to smoothly connect between the contraction section and the expansion section;

[0067] A three-dimensional flow channel model building module 200 is used to build a three-dimensional flow channel model, divide the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral meshes; set boundary conditions, including the pressure and temperature of the oxygen-rich air inlet, and set the wall as a non-slip standard wall function; set the preset values of the oxygen-rich air components as the preset oxygen value and the preset nitrogen value, and calculate the density.

[0068] A preset deviation value reaching module 300 is used to calculate the initial physical field; extract the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, adjust the outlet diameter of the expansion section accordingly according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value, and calculate again until the preset deviation value between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number is reached.

[0069] Preferably, in this embodiment, according to the oxygen-rich air flow rate, pressure, temperature and spray gun structure size parameters of actual industrial applications, as well as the required Mach number at the outlet of the spray gun expansion flow channel finally, the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section are calculated using the formula, and the contraction section and the expansion section are smoothly connected by an arc; for the computational domain mesh division, the three-dimensional flow channel model is divided into hexahedral meshes; for the boundary condition setting, boundary conditions are set in the open-source solver OpenFoam, including the pressure and temperature of the oxygen-rich air inlet, and the wall is set as a non-slip standard wall function. The oxygen-rich air components are set as 35% oxygen and 65% nitrogen, and its density is calculated using the ideal gas state equation; for the solution setting, the SIMPLE algorithm is used for the coupling of force and velocity, the second-order accuracy is used for the time and space discretization, and the fluid time step is 1×10 -5 s, the initial physical field is given and calculated; for the result and adjustment, the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section is taken, the outlet diameter of the expansion section is adjusted accordingly according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value, and the calculation is carried out again until the deviation between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number is less than 1%. The oxygen-rich air can be effectively accelerated to the supersonic state, thereby significantly improving the molten pool stirring efficiency and the penetration depth of the material particles. The reaction speed of the molten pool and the utilization rate of the particulate material are greatly improved, and the economic benefits of the enterprise are enhanced; the intensive stirring is completed with a smaller blowing gas volume, which greatly reduces the heat energy loss, is beneficial to maintaining a stable furnace temperature, and improves the smelting quality. In addition, the dust rate can be effectively reduced, the downstream flue gas treatment cost can be reduced, which is of great significance for energy conservation and environmental protection; the high-speed oxygen-rich air is guided by the swirl vane to form an airflow with rotational flow characteristics, and the rotational airflow entangles the material particles and injects them into the molten pool more evenly and in a larger radial range, greatly shortening the time of the mass transfer process and accelerating the rate of the chemical reaction, thereby greatly improving the overall efficiency of the tin smelting process.

[0070] Furthermore, as Figure 6 shown, a Mach number acquisition module 100 includes:

[0071] The throat diameter sub-module 101 is used to analyze the critical area ratio of the throat and the outlet area by combining the real-time collected parameters such as the flow rate, pressure, and temperature of the oxygen-rich air, and the designed outlet Mach number; determine the throat area according to the critical conditions, analyze the throat area, and obtain the throat diameter.

[0072] The smooth connection sub-module 102 of the throat is used to obtain the outlet area based on the area ratio, analyze the outlet area, and obtain the outlet diameter; construct the contraction section profile, and control the Mach number distribution of the contraction section by adjusting the curve parameters to obtain the smooth connection of the throat.

[0073] Among them, calculating the throat diameter and the outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and using an arc for smooth connection between the contraction section and the expansion section is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] A exit represents the outlet area of the contraction-expansion flow channel, A throat represents the throat area of the contraction-expansion flow channel, Ma e represents the outlet Mach number of the expansion flow channel;

[0076]

[0077] Q m represents the mass flow rate of the injection gas, P g,in represents the pressure at the inlet of the contraction section, T g,in represents the inlet temperature of the contraction section;

[0078] The coordinate sub-module 103 of each point is used to set an arc border with the throat center as the center, and construct an arc profile connecting the expansion section of the throat; determine the arc center position and the coordinates of each point of the expansion section profile by analyzing the arc profiles of the throat and the expansion section.

[0079] Among them, the theoretical basis and engineering significance of the design formula of the Mach number module, and the theoretical basis of the area ratio formula are derived from the Saint-Venant-Wantzel formula of isentropic flow, which reflects the non-linear relationship between the area ratio and the Mach number in supersonic flow. The 0.2 coefficient corresponds to the (γ - 1) / 2 term when the specific heat ratio of air γ = 1.4; 1.73 is the critical sound speed coefficient √[(γ + 1) / 2]^(γ + 1) / (γ - 1);

[0080] Ensure that the flow channel reaches the speed of sound (Ma = 1) at the throat, accurately control the outlet Mach number through the area ratio, and avoid energy loss caused by shock wave generation;

[0081] The physical essence of the mass flow formula is derived from the critical flow formula Q = ρ * v * A. 0.0404 includes the gas constant R = 287 J / (kg·K) and the specific heat ratio coefficient, reflecting the proportional relationship between the flow rate and the throat area. The inverse ratio of the square root of the temperature reflects the influence of the gas molecular motion speed; to achieve precise control of the oxygen-enriched air flow rate, establish the coupling relationship of pressure-temperature-flow rate, and provide a stable oxidant supply for the combustion system.

[0082] The hydrodynamic principle of the profile design method follows the Navier-Stokes equation under the continuous medium hypothesis, satisfies the curvature continuity condition of non-separated flow, and avoids flow separation through the continuity of the second derivative; reduces the energy loss caused by boundary layer separation, ensures the smooth change of the Mach number along the way, and reduces the turbulence intensity to improve the flow stability; realizes the mapping from thermodynamic parameters to geometric parameters, builds a bridge between gas dynamics and mechanical design, and adapts to different working conditions through parametric design; the formula system perfectly reflects the integration of gas dynamics theory and engineering practice, and transforms complex flow phenomena into executable engineering design parameters through rigorous mathematical expressions.

[0083] Preferably, in this embodiment, based on the parameters such as the oxygen-enriched air flow rate, pressure, and temperature collected in real time, combined with the designed outlet Mach number for analysis, calculate the ratio of the throat critical area to the outlet area; use the critical condition to determine the throat area, and further analyze to obtain the throat diameter; by accurately calculating the throat diameter, the nozzle design is optimized to ensure that the air flow reaches the critical state in the throat area, thereby improving the overall performance and efficiency of the nozzle. Taking the throat center as the center of the circle, set an arc border to construct an arc-shaped surface connecting the throat and the expansion section; analyze the arc-shaped surfaces of the throat and the expansion section to determine the position of the arc center and the coordinates of each point on the contour of the expansion section; by accurately calculating the contour coordinates of the expansion section, ensure the smooth connection of the expansion section profile with the throat, optimize the flow characteristics of the air flow in the expansion section, and further improve the performance of the nozzle.

[0084] Further, as Figure 7 shown, a three-dimensional flow channel model module 200 is established, including:

[0085] A three-dimensional flow channel model sub-module 201 is used to establish a three-dimensional flow channel model based on the obtained geometric parameters; define the oxygen-enriched air inlet type as a pressure inlet, and set the strong pressure of the oxygen-enriched air inlet according to the actual oxygen supply intensity; assign the static pressure, velocity, and temperature parameters of the oxygen-enriched air inlet.

[0086] A no-slip boundary sub-module 202 is used to set all wall surfaces as no-slip boundaries, handle the flow in the near-wall region, and calculate the accuracy and grid complexity; set the component ratio of the oxygen-enriched air, and calculate the physical properties such as the density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of the mixed gas according to the components.

[0087] The nozzle profile parameter adjustment subunit 203 is used to set the outlet boundary condition as a pressure outlet and specify the ambient pressure. For high Mach number flows, the profile is corrected using the method of characteristics, and the uniformity of the outlet flow field is improved by optimizing the nozzle profile parameters.

[0088] Preferably, in this embodiment, a three-dimensional flow channel model is established based on geometric parameters, and the oxygen-rich air inlet is defined as a pressure inlet, and the inlet pressure is set according to the actual oxygen supply intensity. At the same time, static pressure, velocity, and temperature parameters are assigned to the inlet. All wall surfaces are set as non-slip boundaries to handle the flow in the near-wall region. Meanwhile, the component ratio of the oxygen-rich air is set, and physical property parameters such as the density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of the mixed gas are calculated. Through the non-slip boundary condition, the calculation accuracy is improved, the complex flow calculation in the near-wall region is simplified, and the overall simulation efficiency is enhanced. The outlet boundary condition is set as a pressure outlet and adjusted in combination with the ambient pressure. For high Mach number flows, the profile is corrected using the method of characteristics, and the uniformity of the outlet flow field is improved by optimizing the nozzle profile parameters. The accurate modeling of the flow channel model, the reasonable setting of boundary conditions, and the optimized adjustment of nozzle profile parameters are achieved. These measures work together to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation, providing reliable technical support for the study of complex flow problems.

[0089] Furthermore, as Figure 8 shown, the preset deviation value reaching module 300 includes:

[0090] The initial physical field submodule 301 is used to calculate and specify the initial physical field based on the strong pressure, temperature, non-slip wall boundary condition, and component parameters at the oxygen-rich air inlet, with second-order accuracy for time and space discretization, a fluid time step of 1×10-5 s.

[0091] The quantitative comparison submodule 302 is used to extract the actual value of the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section and record the distribution characteristics; compare the actual outlet Mach number with the design value and calculate the relative deviation; if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, adjust the nozzle geometric parameters; adjust the outlet diameter according to the deviation direction; quantitatively compare the obtained outlet Mach number and mass flow with the results of the annular contraction-expansion channel.

[0092] The deviation threshold submodule 303 is used for the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure to be compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics; readjust according to the flow characteristics, re-mesh after each adjustment, and iterate sequentially until the actual Mach number meets the preset deviation threshold.

[0093] Preferably, in this embodiment, based on the strong pressure, temperature, wall no-slip boundary conditions, and component parameters at the oxygen-rich air inlet, a second-order accuracy method of time and space discretization is used for calculation; the fluid time step is 1×10^-5 seconds, ensuring high-precision numerical simulation; by accurately setting the initial physical field, reliable basic data is provided for subsequent flow analysis, ensuring the accuracy of the simulation results. Extract the actual value of the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section and record the distribution characteristics; compare the actual outlet Mach number with the design value and calculate the relative deviation; if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, adjust the nozzle geometric parameters (such as the outlet diameter) and recalculate the outlet Mach number and mass flow rate; through quantitative comparison and deviation analysis, dynamic optimization of the nozzle design is achieved, ensuring that the outlet Mach number and mass flow rate meet the design requirements; the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure is compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics; according to the flow characteristics, readjustment is carried out, and the grid is redrawn after each adjustment, and iteration is carried out in turn until the actual Mach number meets the preset deviation threshold; through iterative optimization and grid redrawing, the simulation accuracy is improved, ensuring that the final result meets the engineering requirements.

[0094] Further, as Figure 9 shown, the quantitative comparison sub-module 302 includes:

[0095] The quantitative result comparison unit 3021 is used to quantitatively compare the outlet Mach number and mass flow rate obtained by the isentropic theory with the results of the annular contraction-expansion channel calculated by the three-dimensional flow channel model, and the error is about 6%;

[0096] The flow characteristic unit 3022 is used for the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure to be compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics;

[0097] Among them, the mass conservation, momentum conservation, and energy conservation equations can be respectively expressed as:

[0098]

[0099] τ is the stress tensor, and its expression is:

[0100]

[0101] The turbulence influence unit 3033 is used to calculate the influence of turbulence, and the control equation is:

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Preferably, since the isentropic theory is not fully applicable to the design of the annular contraction-expansion channel, the final outlet diameter is corrected by CFD calculation. The outlet Mach number and mass flow rate obtained by the isentropic theory (commonly used in traditional Laval nozzles) were quantitatively compared with the results of the CFD-calculated annular contraction-expansion channel, and the error was about 6%. The flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure is compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics.

[0105] In the formula, the mass conservation equation, a g represents the gas volume fraction in the multiphase flow; ρ g represents the gas density (kg / m 3 ); represents the gas velocity vector (m / s); the law of conservation of mass (continuity equation) in classical fluid mechanics describes the conservation relationship of fluid mass in space-time; it ensures that the mass of the gas flow in the model is not generated or disappeared out of thin air and is used to calculate the continuity of the flow.

[0106] Momentum conservation equation, P represents the static pressure (Pa); τ represents the viscous stress tensor (Pa); represents the gravitational acceleration vector (m / s 2 ); represents the external body force (such as electromagnetic force, N / m 3 ).

[0107] Expression of the stress tensor, μ g represents the gas dynamic viscosity (Pa·s); δ i,j represents the Kronecker delta symbol (unit tensor); the Navier-Stokes equation, based on Newton's second law, describes the change in fluid momentum and the force balance; it calculates the combined action of the acceleration, pressure gradient, viscous force, and external force of the gas flow and predicts the velocity field distribution.

[0108] Energy conservation equation, C p,g represents the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the gas (J / (kg·K)); T g represents the gas temperature (K); λ g represents the gas thermal conductivity (W / (m·K)); φ p represents the pressure work or other energy source terms (such as chemical reaction heat, J / (m 3 ·s)); the first law of thermodynamics (energy conservation), combined with the heat conduction equation in heat transfer; it describes the energy transfer (convection, heat conduction, viscous dissipation) in the flow process and is used for temperature field and thermodynamic state calculations.

[0109] Turbulence model equation k represents the turbulent kinetic energy (m 2 / s 2)); ε represents the turbulent dissipation rate (m 2 / s 3 ); μ t represents the turbulent viscosity (Pa·s); G k represents the generation term of turbulent kinetic energy (caused by the velocity gradient, kg / (m·s 3 ); Y m represents the fluctuation dissipation term in compressible flow; σ k , σ ε represents the turbulent Prandtl number (dimensionless); C1, C2 represent model constants; the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method closes the turbulent pulsation terms through the k-ε model and is applicable to high Reynolds number flows; it simulates the influence of turbulence on the flow (such as enhanced mixing, energy dissipation) and corrects the viscous effects in the mean flow equations.

[0110] The conservation equations (mass, momentum, energy) represent the basic physical laws describing compressible flows based on the classical fluid mechanics and thermodynamics laws; the turbulent model (k-ε) represents closing the turbulent pulsation terms through empirical formulas based on the statistical averaging theory to solve the problem of excessive computational cost in direct numerical simulation (DNS); quantitative comparison and design modification mean verifying the design rationality of the annular contraction-expansion channel (such as an error of 6%) by comparing the isentropic theory (ideal assumption) with the CFD calculation results (real flow); modifying parameters such as the outlet diameter to optimize the flow performance (such as Mach number, mass flow rate). The flow characteristic analysis uses the Navier-Stokes equations to describe the compressible flow of oxygen-rich air and capture complex phenomena such as shock waves and expansion waves; combined with the turbulent model, it simulates the turbulent effects in actual engineering (such as separated flow, energy loss).

[0111] Furthermore, as Figure 10 shown, the deviation threshold sub-module 303 includes:

[0112] The relative deviation unit 3031 is used to numerically solve the compressible flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure based on the Navier-Stokes equations; in each iteration, the actual gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section is extracted and compared with the preset value to calculate the relative deviation;

[0113] The adjustment mechanism unit 3032 is used to trigger the adjustment mechanism if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold; adjust the nozzle geometric parameters according to the deviation direction; if the actual Mach number is lower than the design value, increase the outlet diameter of the expansion section; after each geometric parameter adjustment, remesh the grid;

[0114] The optimization adjustment calculation unit 3033 is used to bring the new geometric parameters and grid into the Navier-Stokes equations for a new round of flow calculation, and repeat the above steps until the deviation between the actual Mach number and the design value falls within the threshold range.

[0115] Preferably, in this embodiment, the Navier-Stokes equations are used to numerically solve the compressible flow of oxygen-rich air in a contraction-expansion structure; in each iteration, the actual gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section is extracted and compared with a preset value to calculate the relative deviation; when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold, the nozzle geometric parameters are adjusted according to the deviation direction; after each adjustment of the geometric parameters, the optimization adjustment calculation unit 3033 brings the new geometric parameters and grid into the Navier-Stokes equations for a new round of flow calculation until the deviation between the actual Mach number and the design value falls within the threshold range. By dynamically adjusting the nozzle geometric parameters and combining deviation monitoring; by using the method of re-meshing and iterative calculation, unnecessary computational effort can be reduced while ensuring accuracy; the use of the Navier-Stokes equations enables this method to handle complex compressible flow problems, especially the non-linear and turbulent phenomena that may occur in a contraction-expansion structure; the dynamic adjustment mechanism allows the real-time optimization of design parameters according to the actual deviation, so as to adapt to different engineering requirements and operating conditions.

[0116] As Figure 11 shown, this embodiment also provides an embodiment of a control method for a top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun with high efficiency and low energy consumption. In this embodiment, the control method for a top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun with high efficiency and low energy consumption is applied to the top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun in the above-mentioned embodiment. The control method for a top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun with high efficiency and low energy consumption specifically includes the following steps:

[0117] Step S1: Collect the flow rate, pressure, temperature of oxygen-rich air in real-time industrial applications, the structural size parameters of the spray gun, and the Mach number at the outlet of the spray gun expansion flow channel required finally; calculate the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and use an arc to smoothly connect the contraction section and the expansion section;

[0118] Step S2: Establish a three-dimensional flow channel model, divide the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral meshes; set boundary conditions, including the inlet pressure and temperature of oxygen-rich air, and set the wall as a non-slip standard wall function; set the preset oxygen value and preset nitrogen value for the oxygen-rich air component, and calculate the density;

[0119] Step S3: Calculate the initial physical field; extract the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, adjust the outlet diameter of the expansion section accordingly according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value and calculate again until the preset deviation value between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number is reached.

[0120] Preferably, in this embodiment, the flow rate, pressure, temperature of the oxygen-rich air and the structural size parameters of the spray gun in industrial applications are collected, and the Mach number at the outlet of the expansion channel is calculated; a three-dimensional channel model is established and hexahedral meshing is performed; the inlet pressure and temperature of the oxygen-rich air are set as boundary conditions, and the no-slip standard wall function is adopted for the wall surface; the set values of the oxygen-rich air components (oxygen and nitrogen) are set, and the density is calculated; the outlet diameter of the expansion section is adjusted according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value of the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, and the calculation is performed again until the preset deviation value is reached. By collecting parameters in real time and combining with CFD numerical simulation technology, the throat diameter, outlet diameter of the spray gun and the design parameters of the expansion section can be accurately calculated, so as to ensure that the final design meets the actual working conditions; adopting hexahedral meshing and standard wall function to process boundary conditions can effectively simulate the complex flow field distribution inside the spray gun, reduce pressure loss and improve gas flow efficiency; through iterative optimization design, the outlet diameter of the expansion section can be dynamically adjusted according to the deviation in actual operation, making the outlet Mach number closer to the design target, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the spray gun; through numerical simulation and optimization design, potential problems can be discovered and adjusted in the early stage, avoiding the time and economic costs brought by a large number of physical tests.

[0121] As Figure 12 shown, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an electronic device. In this embodiment, the electronic device 5 includes a processor 51 and a memory 52 coupled to the processor 51.

[0122] The memory 52 stores program instructions for implementing the efficient and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirl spray gun control method of any of the above embodiments.

[0123] The processor 51 is used to execute the program instructions stored in the memory 52 to perform efficient and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirl spray gun control.

[0124] Among them, the processor 51 can also be called a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit). The processor 51 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The processor 51 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0125] Furthermore, Figure 13The figure is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application. The storage medium 6 of the embodiment of the present application stores program instructions 61 that can implement all the above methods. Among them, the program instructions 61 can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical discs, or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.

[0126] In several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0127] In addition, in various embodiments of the present invention, each functional unit can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units. The above is only the embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is equally included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0128] The specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, but it is only an example, and the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modification or substitution of the invention is also within the scope of the invention. Therefore, equivalent transformations, modifications, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should all be covered by the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun, characterized in that, The top-blown supersonic swirl lance includes four layers of sleeves. The flow channel formed by the outer sleeve and the supersonic layer sleeve is used to blow desulfurized concentrate, and at the same time, the carrier gas also plays a role in wrapping and cooling the lower end of the lance. The flow channel between the supersonic layer sleeve and the cyclone layer sleeve is used to blow oxygen-enriched air. The flow channel between the cyclone layer sleeve and the inner sleeve is used to blow dry powder. The internal flow channel of the inner sleeve is used to blow pulverized coal.

2. The top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the oxygen-enriched air contraction-expansion flow channel structure of the top-blown supersonic swirl lance, subsonic oxygen-enriched air enters the flow channel contraction section from the annular inlet. At this time, the air flow accelerates, reaches the speed of sound at the throat position, and enters the expansion section to continue expanding and accelerating to the supersonic state.

3. The top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lance totally includes three-stage swirl vanes, with a tip clearance of 2 mm and a vane thickness of 4 mm. The first-stage cyclone includes 4 swirl vanes, with a height of 672 mm and a rotation angle of 70°. The second-stage cyclone includes 4 swirl vanes, with a height of 395 mm and a rotation angle of 100°. The third-stage cyclone includes 5 swirl vanes, with a height of 340 mm and a rotation angle of 120°. The distance between the first and second stages of cyclones is 403 mm, and the distance between the second and third stages of cyclones is 318 mm.

4. An efficient and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun control system, which is applied to the top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, The high-efficiency and low-consumption control system of the top-blown supersonic swirl lance includes: The Mach number acquisition module is used to acquire the flow rate, pressure, temperature of oxygen-enriched air in real industrial applications, the lance structure size parameters, and the required Mach number at the outlet of the lance expansion flow channel; calculate the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and use an arc to smoothly connect between the contraction section and the expansion section; The three-dimensional flow channel model establishment module is used to establish a three-dimensional flow channel model, divide the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral meshes; set boundary conditions, including the inlet pressure and temperature of oxygen-enriched air, and set the wall boundary as a non-slip standard wall; the set value of oxygen-enriched air components includes a preset oxygen value and a preset nitrogen value, and calculate the density; The preset deviation value reaching module is used to calculate the initial physical field; extract the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, adjust the outlet diameter of the expansion section according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value and calculate again, and finally reach the preset deviation value between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number.

5. The high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blown supersonic swirling spray gun control system according to claim 4, wherein, The Mach number acquisition module includes: The throat diameter sub-module is used to analyze according to the flow rate, pressure, and temperature parameters of oxygen-enriched air collected in real time, combined with the designed outlet Mach number, to obtain the ratio of the throat critical area to the outlet area; determine the throat area according to the critical condition, analyze the throat area, and obtain the throat diameter; The smooth connection sub-module of the throat is used to obtain the outlet area based on the area ratio, analyze the outlet area, and obtain the outlet diameter; construct the contraction section profile, and control the Mach number distribution of the contraction section by adjusting the curve parameters to obtain the smooth connection of the throat; The coordinate sub-module of each point is used to set an arc boundary with the throat center as the center of the circle, construct an arc profile connecting the expansion section of the throat; determine the arc center position and the coordinates of each point of the expansion section profile by analyzing the circular profiles of the throat and the expansion section.

6. The high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The three-dimensional flow channel model establishment module includes: A three-dimensional flow channel model building sub-module is used to build a three-dimensional flow channel model based on the obtained geometric parameters; define the oxygen-rich air inlet type as a pressure inlet, and set the strong pressure of the oxygen-rich air inlet according to the actual oxygen supply intensity; assign the static pressure, velocity, and temperature parameters of the oxygen-rich air inlet; A no-slip boundary sub-module is used to set all walls as no-slip boundaries, handle the flow in the near-wall region, and calculate the accuracy and grid complexity; set the component ratio of the oxygen-rich air, and calculate the density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity physical property parameters of the mixed gas according to the components; A nozzle profile parameter adjustment sub-unit is used to set the outlet boundary condition as a pressure outlet and give the ambient pressure; for high Mach number flows, use the method of characteristics to correct the profile, and improve the uniformity of the outlet flow field by optimizing the nozzle profile parameters.

7. The high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirl spray gun control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A module to reach the preset deviation value, including: An initial physical field sub-module is used to calculate based on the strong pressure, temperature, wall no-slip boundary condition, and component parameters of the oxygen-rich air inlet. The time and space discretization adopt second-order accuracy, the fluid time step is 1×10-5s, and the initial physical field is given and calculated; A quantitative comparison sub-module is used to extract the actual value of the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section and record the distribution characteristics; compare the actual outlet Mach number with the design value and calculate the relative deviation; if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, adjust the nozzle geometric parameters; adjust the outlet diameter according to the deviation direction; quantitatively compare the obtained outlet Mach number and mass flow with the results of the annular contraction-expansion channel; A deviation threshold sub-module is used for the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure to be compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics; re-adjust according to the flow characteristics, re-divide the grid after each adjustment, and iterate in turn until the actual Mach number meets the preset deviation threshold.

8. The high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirl spray gun control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, A quantitative comparison sub-module, including: A quantitative result comparison unit is used to quantitatively compare the outlet Mach number and mass flow obtained by the isentropic theory with the results of the annular contraction-expansion channel calculated by the three-dimensional flow channel model; A flow characteristic unit is used for the flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure to be compressible, and the Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe its flow characteristics; A turbulence influence unit is used to calculate the influence of turbulence.

9. The high-efficiency and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirl spray gun control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, A deviation threshold sub-module, including: A relative deviation unit is used to numerically solve the compressible flow of oxygen-rich air in the contraction-expansion structure based on the Navier-Stokes equation; in each iteration, extract the actual gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section and compare it with the preset value to calculate the relative deviation; An adjustment mechanism unit is used to trigger the adjustment mechanism if the deviation exceeds the preset threshold; adjust the nozzle geometric parameters according to the deviation direction; if the actual Mach number is lower than the design value, increase the outlet diameter of the expansion section; re-divide the grid after each geometric parameter adjustment; An optimization adjustment calculation unit is used to bring the new geometric parameters and grid into the Navier-Stokes equation for a new round of flow calculation, and repeat the above steps until the deviation between the actual Mach number and the design value enters the threshold range.

10. A control method for a top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun with high efficiency and low energy consumption, which is applied to the high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption top-blown supersonic swirl spray gun control system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The efficient and low-consumption top-blowing supersonic swirling spray gun control method includes: Collect the parameters of the oxygen-rich air flow rate, pressure, temperature, and the spray gun structure size in real-time industrial applications, as well as the Mach number at the outlet of the final required spray gun expansion channel; calculate the throat diameter and outlet diameter of the contraction-expansion section, and use an arc to smoothly connect the contraction section and the expansion section; Establish a three-dimensional flow channel model, and divide the three-dimensional flow channel model into hexahedral meshes; set boundary conditions, including the inlet pressure and temperature of the oxygen-rich air, and set the wall to the non-slip standard wall function; set the preset oxygen value and preset nitrogen value for the oxygen-rich air component setting value, and calculate the density; Calculate the initial physical field; extract the gas-phase Mach number at the outlet of the expansion section, adjust the outlet diameter of the expansion section accordingly according to the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value, and calculate again until the preset deviation value between the actual outlet Mach number and the designed outlet Mach number is achieved.

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