Structure imitating natural fishway and fish habitat

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of river water ecological restoration, in particular to a structure simulating a natural fishway and a fish habitat, which comprises a riverbed and a block stone string, and the block stone string is formed by connecting a plurality of block stones in series in sequence through a connecting rope; a plurality of fixing piles are sequentially arranged on the two sides of the riverbed at intervals in the water flow direction; a plurality of block stone strings are directly laid on the riverbed, and the two ends of the block stone strings are bound on the fixing piles; or a plurality of block stone strings are arranged in a staggered manner to form a net-shaped structure body, and then the net-shaped structure body is laid on the riverbed, and the parts, close to the shoreside, of the two sides of the net-shaped structure body are bound on the fixing piles. The structure can avoid the problem of loss of block stones under the scouring influence of water flow, and has the characteristics of easiness in transportation, simplicity in construction, low price, high stability and low operation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of river water ecological restoration, and particularly to a structure imitating natural fishways and fish habitats. Background Art

[0002] Artificial river-blocking structures (such as dams and weirs) and natural rapids and waterfalls block the migration of fish. To mitigate the impact of the above structures, fishways that allow fish to migrate upstream and downstream of the river-blocking structures have been built. The excavation and channelization of the riverbed have changed the riverbed structure and reduced the diversity of fish habitats. Existing fishways mainly consist of artificial stepped structures, usually using straight walls, baffles, or precast concrete slabs, aiming at controlling water flow velocity and stability, relying on rigid materials such as high-strength concrete and steel bars, with smooth and impermeable surfaces, which are prone to form a single water flow channel, and the environment created by them is very different from that of natural rivers.

[0003] In order to increase the natural characteristics of fishways, a patent application with the publication number CN109680658A in the prior art discloses a structure of an imitation natural fish passage and its design method. The imitation natural fish passage structure includes multiple arched weirs arranged in a river channel. The arched weirs divide the river channel into multiple chambers. The arched weirs are upwardly convex arcs. There is a notch at the middle section of the arched weir. The height from the bottom of the notch to the top of the arched weir is not less than 2 times the body height of the largest fish species among the fish migration targets, and the width of the notch is not less than 2 times the body length of the largest fish species among the fish migration targets.

[0004] In the above prior art CN109680658A, the arched weirs are simply arranged by stones. Therefore, under the influence of water flow scouring, the arched weirs are prone to local collapse or stone loss. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to propose a structure imitating natural fishways and fish habitats, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a structure imitating natural fishways and fish habitats, including a riverbed, and further including a string of boulders. The string of boulders is formed by sequentially connecting multiple boulders with a connecting rope. A plurality of fixed piles are sequentially arranged at intervals along the water flow direction on both banks of the riverbed. A plurality of strings of boulders are directly laid on the riverbed, and both ends of the string of boulders are tied to the fixed piles; or a plurality of strings of boulders are arranged in a staggered manner on the riverbed to form a net-like structure body, and the parts of the net-like structure body close to the shore on both sides are tied to the fixed piles.

[0007] Preferably, the boulders of the boulder string include a first boulder and a second boulder; the volume of the first boulder is larger than that of the second boulder; through holes are respectively formed in the first boulder and the second boulder; the connecting rope is threaded through the through holes; a plurality of second boulders are strung between two adjacent first boulders on the same boulder string.

[0008] Preferably, the first boulder is a boulder with a short-side diameter greater than 50 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the mesh holes on the mesh structure are triangular, and the first boulders are arranged at the three vertex positions of the triangular mesh holes.

[0010] Optionally, the mesh holes on the mesh structure are rectangular, and the first boulders are arranged at the four vertex positions of the rectangular mesh holes.

[0011] Optionally, the mesh holes on the mesh structure are hexagonal, and the first boulders are arranged at the six vertex positions of the hexagonal mesh holes.

[0012] Optionally, the first boulders on the boulder string can be replaced by a boulder combination; the boulder combination is formed by stacking a plurality of second boulders and threading and tying them with a rope.

[0013] Preferably, knots are tied on the connecting rope of the boulder string to prevent the boulders from falling off.

[0014] Preferably, when a plurality of boulder strings are directly laid on the riverbed, the boulder strings are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction; in the direction along the water flow, a plurality of boulder strings are arranged at intervals, and gravel is laid on the riverbed in the area between two adjacent boulder strings.

[0015] Optionally, when a plurality of boulder strings are arranged in a staggered manner to form a mesh structure and then laid on the riverbed, gravel is laid in the mesh hole area of the mesh structure.

[0016] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) In the structure of the artificial fishway and fish habitat provided by the present invention, by using a connecting rope to sequentially connect a plurality of boulders to form a boulder string, and directly laying the plurality of boulder strings on the riverbed, or laying a structure formed by a plurality of boulder strings arranged in a staggered manner and forming a mesh on the riverbed, and using fixed piles on the riverbank to fix the boulder string or the mesh structure on the riverbed, the problem that the boulders on the boulder string or the mesh structure are washed away by the water flow can be avoided.

[0018] (2) In the present invention, since the length of the connecting rope of the series of boulders can be adjusted as needed, a plurality of second boulders strung between two adjacent first boulders can undergo a certain displacement around the connecting rope to adapt to the scouring of water flow.

[0019] (3) In the present invention, by using the staggered arrangement of the boulder strings, a mesh structure body with various mesh shapes can be formed, the structure is flexible, and different water flow patterns can be formed.

[0020] (4) When the present invention is actually used, since the second boulder can rotate around the connecting rope to change the water-blocking area, the main flow direction can be changed, the main flow process can be increased, and the water flow velocity can be reduced, providing a beneficial environment for the upstream migration and habitation of various fish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the structure of the natural fishway and fish habitat imitating the present invention provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural view of the boulder string in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural view of the first boulder and the second boulder in the present invention, where (a) is a schematic view of the first boulder, and (b) is a schematic view of the second boulder;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural view of the first boulder and the second boulder strung on the connecting rope in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a sectional view of the structure of the first boulder and the second boulder strung on the connecting rope in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of forming an over-flow gap by the rotation of some of the second boulders on the boulder string around the connecting rope in the present invention, where (a) is a schematic view before the rotation of the second boulder, and (b) is a schematic view after the rotation of the second boulder;

[0029] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the triangular mesh shape in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 Plan sketch of the mesh structure laid on the riverbed in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of one of the main flow lines in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the rectangular mesh shape in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 Plan sketch of the mesh structure laid on the riverbed in the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the hexagonal mesh hole in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 14 Plan sketch of the mesh structure laid on the riverbed in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of one of the main flow directions in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the stone combination formed by stacking multiple second stones and threading and tying them with ropes in the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1. Riverbed; 1a. Fixed pile; 2. Block stone string; 21. First stone; 22. Second stone; 23. Through hole; 24. Stone combination; 25. Rope; 3. Connecting rope; 3a. Knot; 4. Cobblestone. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0041] In addition, the descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. Additionally, the technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or inability to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] Combined with Figures 1 to 7 As shown, it is a first embodiment of the structure of an artificial natural fishway and fish habitat. This structure includes a riverbed 1, and also includes a string of stones 2. The string of stones 2 is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of stones with a connecting rope 3. Along the water flow direction on both banks of the riverbed 1, a plurality of fixed piles 1a are arranged at intervals in sequence. A plurality of strings of stones 2 are directly laid on the riverbed 1, and both ends of the string of stones 2 are tied to the fixed piles 1a.

[0044] Combined with Figure 3 And Figure 4 As shown, the stones of the string of stones 2 include a first stone 21 and a second stone 22. The volume of the first stone 21 is larger than that of the second stone 22. Through holes 23 are respectively formed in the first stone 21 and the second stone 22. The connecting rope 3 is threaded through the through holes 23. A number of second stones 22 are strung between two adjacent first stones 21 on the same string of stones 2.

[0045] In this embodiment, since the volume of the first stone 21 is larger than that of the second stone 22, the first stone 21 can resist the scouring of the water flow by its own weight and play a role in stabilizing the string of stones 2. The multiple second stones 22 between two adjacent first stones 21 mainly play a role in raising the water depth to form a slow-flow area.

[0046] In this embodiment, if the size of the first stone 21 is too small, there is a risk of being washed away when installed in a water area with a relatively large water flow velocity. If the size of the first stone 21 is too large, it is difficult to transport, install, and move. In this embodiment, the first stone 21 used is a stone with a short-side diameter greater than 50 cm. And the volume of the second stone 22 is not more than one-third of the volume of the first stone 21. The second stone 22 is a stone whose long-side diameter is significantly greater than its short-side diameter.

[0047] In addition, since the volume of the first stone 21 is relatively large and it is relatively inconvenient to transport and carry, therefore, combined with Figure 16As shown, the first stone 21 on the block stone string 2 can be replaced by a stone combination 23; the stone combination 23 is formed by stacking a plurality of second stones 22 and then threading and tying them with a rope 25. After transporting the second stones 22 to the position where the block stone string 2 needs to be installed on the shore, after stacking a plurality of second stones 22, a rope 25 is threaded and tied to form a stone combination 23 to replace the first stone 21. The stone combination 23 can also resist the impact of the water flow.

[0048] In this embodiment, the first stone 21 and the second stones 22 are made of natural stones, which can be the stones existing in the river channel or the stones mined from the quarry.

[0049] The connecting rope 3 has a certain flexibility and is made of hemp rope. The diameter of the connecting rope 3 is not greater than the aperture of the through holes 23 on the first stone 21 and the second stones 22, so as to thread the connecting rope 3.

[0050] Combined with Figure 3 As shown, a knot 3a is tied on the connecting rope 3 of the block stone string 2 to prevent the block stones from falling off. A locking fastener can also be buckled on the connecting rope 3 to replace the knot 3a to prevent the block stones from falling off. The locking fastener is a conventional existing component and will not be elaborated here.

[0051] In this embodiment, since both ends of the block stone string 2 are tied to the fixed pile 1a, a detachable structure is formed. To ensure that the river section where the fishway is arranged during the flood season has sufficient flow area and reduce the impact of the flood on the overall fishway, the block stone string 2 can be untied before the flood season arrives and placed on the shore where it is not affected by the flood; to ensure that the river section where the fishway is arranged during the flood season has sufficient flow area and reduce the impact of the flood on the overall fishway, the second stones 22 can also be connected only to the unilateral first stone 21 by untying the rope. At this time, the string of second stones 22 swings with the first stone 21 as the fixed point to adapt to the water flow scouring. After the flood, the block stone string 2 is re-laid on the riverbed 1.

[0052] In this embodiment, the connecting ropes 3 between adjacent second stones 22 and between the second stones 22 and the first stone 21 can be long or short; when the connecting rope 3 is in a taut state, the adaptability of the stone string 2 to deformation is weak; when the connecting rope 3 is in a relaxed state, the second stones 22 can move within a certain range under the push of the water flow, which can reduce the resistance caused by the second stones 22 to the water flow.

[0053] In addition, a bendable rope-like structure such as a metal rope or a chain can also be used to replace the connecting rope 3.

[0054] Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 7As shown, in the first embodiment, the particle size of the second stones 22 determines the water depth of the riverbed 1. A plurality of second stones 22 with no obvious difference in particle size are connected in series between two adjacent first stones 21, and the water flow will cross the second stones 22 between two adjacent first stones 21 with an approximately uniform water depth. However, when the water flow rate through the riverbed 1 is low, the water depth of the water flow crossing the second stones 22 will be very shallow, which is not conducive to fish passage. As Figure 7 As shown in (b), when some of the second stones 22 rotate around the connecting rope 3 under the action of water flow scouring or manual rotation, an over-flow gap A can be formed. The water flow passes through the over-flow gap A with a width of B, and a fish passage condition with a water depth not less than Δh is formed.

[0055] Combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a first stone 21 and a plurality of second stones 22 constitute the minimum unit on the stone string 2, and knots 3a are tied at both ends of the minimum unit. It is required that the distance between the two knots 3a is greater than the length of the minimum unit, and the purpose is to adjust the size of the over-flow holes and fish passage gaps formed between the stones by changing the gaps between the stones.

[0056] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of stone strings 2 are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction; in the direction along the water flow, a plurality of stone strings 2 are arranged at intervals to form a stepped fishway. Gravel 4 is laid on the riverbed in the area between two adjacent stone strings 2. The particle size of the gravel 4 is smaller than that of the second stones 22. The gravel 4 can be used as the small-particle bottom sediment required to fill the gaps between the stone strings 1 of the riverbed. The formed gravel bed is both a spawning ground for fish that prefer gravel bottom sediment and a hiding place for small fish to avoid the rapid flow.

[0057] Embodiment Two:

[0058] Based on the above first embodiment, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that a plurality of stone strings 2 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a net-like structure and are laid on the riverbed 1, and the parts of both sides of the net-like structure close to the shore are tied to the fixed piles 1a.

[0059] Combined with Figures 8 to 10 As shown, compared with the method of laying a plurality of stone strings 2 at intervals on the riverbed 1 in the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, a plurality of stone strings 2 are arranged in a staggered manner and then laid on the riverbed 1. After forming a net-like structure with triangular mesh holes, the first stones 21 are arranged at the apex angles of each triangular mesh hole. Gravel 4 is laid in the triangular mesh hole area.

[0060] Combined with Figure 10As shown, compared with the first embodiment, the second embodiment can create more diverse water flow conditions, and has the advantages of achieving efficient fish passage and providing diverse habitat conditions under extreme flow rates (extremely low flow rates and extremely high flow rates).

[0061] Combined with Figure 8 As shown, at the intersection of the stone strings 2, two or more connecting ropes 3 that intersect with each other are tied and fixed.

[0062] Combined with Figure 10 As shown, the dotted line with an arrow in the figure represents a typical main flow streamline; various main flow streamlines are created through the flow-through notch A on the stone string 2; compared with the straight streamline, the curved streamline has a longer flow distance, a lower hydraulic gradient, and a smaller flow velocity. It can meet the upstream migration of fish with different swimming abilities.

[0063] Embodiment Three:

[0064] Based on the above-mentioned first embodiment, the difference between the third embodiment and the first embodiment is that a plurality of stone strings 2 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a net-like structure and are laid on the riverbed 1, and the parts of both sides of the net-like structure close to the shore are tied to the fixed piles 1a.

[0065] Combined with Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in the third embodiment, the mesh holes on the net-like structure are rectangular, and the first stones 21 are arranged at the four vertex positions of the rectangular mesh holes. Gravel 4 is laid in the rectangular mesh hole area.

[0066] Similarly, the third embodiment can also create more diverse water flow conditions, can create various main flow streamlines, and has the advantage of achieving efficient fish passage under extreme flow rates (extremely low flow rates and extremely high flow rates).

[0067] Combined with Figure 11 As shown, at the intersection of the stone string 2, two intersecting connecting ropes 3 are tied and fixed.

[0068] Embodiment Four:

[0069] Based on the above-mentioned first embodiment, the difference between the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment is that a plurality of stone strings 2 are arranged in a staggered manner to form a net-like structure and are laid on the riverbed 1, and the parts of both sides of the net-like structure close to the shore are tied to the fixed piles 1a.

[0070] Combined with Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, the mesh holes on the net-like structure are hexagonal, and the first stones 21 are arranged at the six vertex positions of the hexagonal mesh holes. Gravel 4 is laid in the hexagonal mesh hole area.

[0071] Combined withFigure 15 As shown, the structure in the fourth embodiment can create more diverse water flow conditions and has the advantage of achieving efficient fish passage under extreme flow rates (extremely low and extremely high flow rates). The arrow in the figure indicates the mainstream flow direction. This structure can achieve water flow convergence and divergence, and control the flow rate and flow velocity of the water passing through.

[0072] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or any direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure imitating a natural fishway and fish habitat, including a riverbed (1), characterized in that, It further includes a string of boulders (2), which is formed by successively connecting a plurality of boulders in series with a connecting rope (3); A plurality of fixed piles (1a) are successively arranged at intervals along the water flow direction on both banks of the riverbed (1); A plurality of strings of boulders (2) are directly laid on the riverbed (1), and both ends of the string of boulders (2) are tied to the fixed piles (1a); Alternatively, a plurality of strings of boulders (2) are arranged in a staggered manner on the riverbed (1) to form a net-like structure, and the parts of the net-like structure close to the shore on both sides are tied to the fixed piles (1a).

2. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that The boulders of the string of boulders (2) include a first boulder (21) and a second boulder (22); The volume of the first boulder (21) is larger than the volume of the second boulder (22); Through holes (23) are respectively formed in the first boulder (21) and the second boulder (22); the connecting rope (3) is threaded through the through holes (23); A plurality of second boulders (22) are strung between two adjacent first boulders (21) on the same string of boulders (2).

3. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first boulder (21) is a boulder with a short-side diameter greater than 50 cm.

4. The structure of the fishway and fish habitat imitating nature according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mesh holes on the net-like structure are triangular, and the first boulders (21) are arranged at the three vertex positions of the triangular mesh holes.

5. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mesh holes on the net-like structure are rectangular, and the first boulders (21) are arranged at the four vertex positions of the rectangular mesh holes.

6. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mesh holes on the net-like structure are hexagonal, and the first boulders (21) are arranged at the six vertex positions of the hexagonal mesh holes.

7. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first boulders (21) on the string of boulders (2) can be replaced by a boulder combination (23); the boulder combination (23) is formed by stacking a plurality of second boulders (22) and threading and tying them with a rope (25).

8. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that, Knots (3a) are tied on the connecting rope (3) of the string of boulders (2) to prevent the boulders from falling off.

9. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a plurality of strings of boulders (2) are directly laid on the riverbed (1), the strings of boulders (2) are arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction; along the water flow direction, a plurality of strings of boulders (2) are arranged at intervals, and gravel (4) is laid on the riverbed in the area between two adjacent strings of boulders (2).

10. The structure of the artificial natural fishway and fish habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a plurality of strings of boulders (2) are arranged in a staggered manner to form a net-like structure and then laid on the riverbed (1), gravel (4) is laid in the mesh hole area of the net-like structure.

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