Carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbon dioxide energy storage system and a control method thereof. The carbon dioxide energy storage system includes a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component that are sequentially connected in a closed loop, and also includes a gas temporary storage unit connected between the energy storage component and the energy release component. The gas temporary storage unit is configured to: receive and store high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component within a first time period after the energy storage component starts to operate and within a second time period before the energy storage component stops operating; and replace the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline with the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas before the energy release component starts to operate. The solution of the present invention, on the one hand, solves the problem of how to prevent the compressor in the energy storage component from entering a surge condition, and on the other hand, can replace the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, which can avoid wasting energy and improve the energy utilization rate of the system to reduce operating costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a carbon dioxide energy storage system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, energy storage technology based on the carbon dioxide gas-liquid phase change cycle compresses and condenses the gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature and pressure in the gas storage unit into liquid carbon dioxide and stores it in the liquid storage unit by using excess electricity or clean energy during the low-power consumption period, and stores the heat energy generated during the compression process. During the peak power consumption period, the stored heat energy is used to heat the liquid carbon dioxide to gas. The gaseous carbon dioxide drives the turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the gaseous carbon dioxide after work returns to the gas storage unit for recycling. It has the advantages of simple structure, flexible layout, and high energy storage efficiency, and has gradually attracted widespread attention.

[0003] The compressor in the energy storage assembly is the core component of the carbon dioxide energy storage system. Due to the characteristics of the compressor itself, the compressor is prone to surge during the start-up and shutdown stages. In order to prevent the compressor from entering a surge condition, the prior art usually connects an anti-surge valve to the outlet of the compressor, and uses the anti-surge valve to vent or return the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor during the start-up and shutdown stages to the compressor inlet. Whether the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is vented or returned to the compressor inlet, the energy of the carbon dioxide energy storage system cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in energy waste and increased operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a carbon dioxide energy storage system and a control method thereof, which solve the problem of how to improve the energy utilization rate of the carbon dioxide energy storage system and reduce the operating cost.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit and an energy release component connected in a closed loop in sequence. The carbon dioxide energy storage system also includes a gas temporary storage unit connected between the energy storage component and the energy release component. The gas temporary storage unit is configured as follows: within a first time period after the energy storage component starts to operate and within a second time period before the energy storage component stops operating, the gas temporary storage unit receives and stores high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component; before the energy release component starts to operate, the gas temporary storage unit inputs the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replaces the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline of the energy release component with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

[0007] In a specific embodiment, the gas temporary storage unit includes a gas storage container, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe. The inlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy storage component through the first connecting pipe, and the outlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy release component through the second connecting pipe. A first valve is provided on the first connecting pipe, and a second valve is provided on the second connecting pipe.

[0008] In a specific embodiment, the energy storage component includes a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger, the energy storage heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the compressor through an energy storage pipeline, and the inlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy storage pipeline through the first connecting pipeline.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the energy release component includes a turbine and an energy release heat exchanger, the energy release heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the turbine through the energy release pipe, and the outlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy release pipe through the second connecting pipe.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the energy release pipeline includes a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet. The outlet of the energy release heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the energy release pipeline through a third valve. The inlet of the turbine is connected to the first outlet of the energy release pipeline through a fourth valve. The second connecting pipeline is connected to the second inlet of the energy release pipeline. The second outlet of the energy release pipeline is connected to the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit through a third connecting pipeline. A fifth valve is provided on the third connecting pipeline.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the first inlet and the second outlet are disposed adjacent to each other at a first end of the energy release conduit, and the first outlet and the second inlet are disposed adjacent to each other at a second end of the energy release conduit.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, a condenser is provided on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, and the second outlet of the energy release pipeline is connected to the condenser through the third connecting pipeline; the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas displaced from the energy release pipeline is condensed and liquefied by the condenser and then output to the liquid storage unit.

[0013] In a specific solution, a gas temperature sensor is connected to the energy release pipe at a position adjacent to the first outlet.

[0014] In a specific solution, a liquid pump and an evaporator are sequentially provided on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a control method for the carbon dioxide energy storage system as described above, the control method comprising:

[0016] S101, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly within the first time period after the energy storage assembly starts operating;

[0017] S102: After the first time period, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly, so that the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is transported toward the liquid storage unit;

[0018] S103, in the second time period before the energy storage assembly stops operating, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly until the energy storage assembly stops operating;

[0019] S104, before the energy release component starts to operate, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe of the energy release component with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas;

[0020] S105 , evaporating and gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit and inputting it into the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention provide a carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof. The carbon dioxide energy storage system includes a gas temporary storage unit connected between an energy storage component and an energy release component. On the one hand, during a first time period after the energy storage component begins operation and a second time period before the energy storage component ceases operation, the gas temporary storage unit receives and stores high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby preventing the compressor in the energy storage component from entering a surge condition and improving the operational stability of the energy storage system. On the other hand, before the energy release component begins operation, the gas temporary storage unit inputs the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline of the energy release component with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas. The high-temperature carbon dioxide gas that would otherwise need to be vented or refluxed to avoid surge is then used in the energy release component. This not only avoids energy waste and improves the system's energy utilization rate, thereby reducing operating costs, but also creates favorable conditions for rapid startup of the energy release condition by replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, thereby improving the system's operational efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the carbon dioxide energy storage system in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention shown in and described with reference to the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0024] It should be noted that the same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, the accompanying drawings only show structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions according to the present invention, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide energy storage system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the carbon dioxide energy storage system mainly includes a gas storage unit 10, an energy storage assembly 20, a liquid storage unit 30, and an energy release assembly 40, which are connected in a closed loop. The gas storage unit 10 is used to store gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure, and the liquid storage unit 30 is used to store liquid carbon dioxide. The gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out of the gas storage unit 10 is converted into liquid carbon dioxide at a preset energy storage pressure by the energy storage assembly 20 and flows into the liquid storage unit 30, completing energy storage in this process. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 30 releases energy through the energy release assembly 40 and is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure, and flows into the gas storage unit 10, completing energy release and application in this process. Typically, the energy storage assembly 20 compresses and liquefies the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide during off-peak periods or by utilizing wind and solar power curtailment, and stores the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 30, converting the energy into compression energy and heat energy for storage. During peak periods, the energy release assembly 40 vaporizes and expands the liquid carbon dioxide to produce work, releasing the stored energy and converting it into electrical energy for use.

[0027] The specific structures of the gas storage unit 10, the energy storage assembly 20, the liquid storage unit 30, and the energy release assembly 40 can be implemented with reference to existing technologies. The gas storage unit 10 is also known as a gas storage bin, gas storage reservoir, gas storage assembly, etc. in the prior art, and the liquid storage unit 30 is also known as a liquid storage tank, liquid storage container, energy storage container, etc. in the prior art, such as the technical solutions disclosed in existing patent documents CN119289275A, CN116221616A, CN117628836A, and CN116857027A.

[0028] As a specific example, in this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage assembly 20 mainly includes a compressor 21 and an energy storage heat exchanger 22 connected between the gas storage unit 10 and the liquid storage unit 30. The energy storage heat exchanger 22 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 21 through an energy storage pipe 23. Furthermore, a condenser 51 is provided on the connecting pipe between the energy storage assembly 20 and the liquid storage unit 30. After the gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage unit 10 is compressed by the compressor 21, it is cooled by heat exchange in the energy storage heat exchanger 22 and then liquefied by the condenser 51 to form liquid carbon dioxide and stored in the liquid storage unit 30.

[0029] As a specific example, in this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the energy release assembly 40 primarily includes an energy release heat exchanger 42 and a turbine 41 connected between the liquid storage unit 30 and the gas storage unit 10. The energy release heat exchanger 42 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 41 via an energy release pipe 43. Furthermore, a liquid pump 52 and an evaporator 53 are sequentially provided on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit 30 and the energy release assembly 40. The liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 30 is pressurized by the liquid pump 52 and then fed into the evaporator 53. After being heated and evaporated by the evaporator 53, it is fed into the energy release heat exchanger 42 for further heating and temperature increase. It is then fed into the turbine 41 to perform external work (e.g., generate electricity) and release energy, converting it into gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure and storing it in the gas storage unit 10.

[0030] The compressor 21 in the energy storage assembly 20 is a core component of the carbon dioxide energy storage system. During the energy storage process, when the compressor 21 starts to operate, the air intake at the compressor 21 inlet needs to be gradually increased, and the gas pressure at the compressor 21 outlet also gradually increases. When the compressor 21 is scheduled to stop operating, the air intake at the compressor 21 inlet needs to be gradually reduced, and the gas pressure at the compressor 21 outlet also gradually decreases. Because the liquid storage unit 30 itself and the energy storage-side delivery pipeline connected to the liquid storage unit 30 inlet have a certain pressure, when the gas pressure at the compressor 21 outlet does not exceed the pressure of the liquid storage unit 30, the carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 cannot be delivered to the liquid storage unit 30. Therefore, the compressor 21 is prone to surge during the startup and shutdown stages. To prevent the compressor 21 from entering a surge state, the prior art generally connects an anti-surge valve to the outlet of the compressor 21. The anti-surge valve vents or refluxes the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 during the startup and shutdown stages to the compressor 21 inlet. Whether the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is discharged or returned to the compressor inlet, the energy of the carbon dioxide energy storage system cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in energy waste and increased operating costs.

[0031] In order to solve the above problems, in the carbon dioxide energy storage system provided in this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 The carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes a gas temporary storage unit 60, which is connected between the energy storage component 20 and the energy release component 40. The gas temporary storage unit 60 is configured as follows: in a first time period after the energy storage component 20 starts to operate and in a second time period before the energy storage component 20 stops operating, the gas temporary storage unit 60 receives and stores the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component 20, thereby preventing the compressor 21 in the energy storage component 20 from entering a surge condition and improving the stability of the energy storage system operation; before the energy release component 40 starts to operate The gas temporary storage unit 60 inputs the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component 40, and replaces the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 of the energy release component 40 with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas. As a result, the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas that originally needs to be vented or refluxed to avoid surge is applied to the energy release component 40, which not only avoids energy waste and improves the energy utilization rate of the system to reduce operating costs, but also creates favorable conditions for the rapid start-up of the energy release condition by replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the system.

[0032] It should be noted that the specific durations of the first time period and the second time period need to be specifically set according to the actual operating conditions of the energy storage assembly 20, so as to meet the basic requirement of preventing the compressor 21 from entering a surge condition.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the gas temporary storage unit 60 mainly includes a gas storage container 61, a first connecting pipe 62 and a second connecting pipe 63. The inlet of the gas storage container 61 is connected to the energy storage component 20, specifically to the energy storage pipe 23, through the first connecting pipe 62. The outlet of the gas storage container 61 is connected to the energy release component 40, specifically to the energy release pipe 43, through the second connecting pipe 63. A first valve 71 is provided on the first connecting pipe 62, and a second valve 72 is provided on the second connecting pipe 63. By controlling the opening and closing states of the first valve 71 and the second valve 72, the gas temporary storage unit 60 receives or outputs high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

[0034] Specifically, within a first time period after the energy storage component 20 starts to operate and within a second time period before the energy storage component 20 stops operating, the first valve 71 is opened and the second valve 72 is closed, and the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 is input into the gas storage container 61 for storage; before the energy release component 40 starts to operate, the first valve 71 is closed and the second valve 72 is opened, and the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas stored in the gas storage container 61 is input into the energy release pipe 43, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 is replaced by high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

[0035] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the energy release pipe 43 includes a first inlet 431, a second inlet 432, a first outlet 433 and a second outlet 434. The outlet of the energy release heat exchanger 42 is connected to the first inlet 431 of the energy release pipe 43 through a third valve 73. The inlet of the turbine 41 is connected to the first outlet 433 of the energy release pipe 43 through a fourth valve 74. The second connecting pipe 63 is connected to the second inlet 432 of the energy release pipe 43. The second outlet 434 of the energy release pipe 43 is connected to the connecting pipe between the energy storage component 20 and the liquid storage unit 30 through a third connecting pipe 64. A fifth valve 75 is provided on the third connecting pipe 64.

[0036] Before the energy release assembly 40 starts operating, the second valve 72 and the fifth valve 75 are opened, and the third valve 73 and the fourth valve 74 are closed. At this time, the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas stored in the gas storage container 61 is input into the energy release pipe 43 through the second inlet 432, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 is output from the second outlet 434 and transported toward the liquid storage unit 30 through the third connecting pipe 64. After the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 is completely replaced, the second valve 72 and the fifth valve 75 are closed, and the third valve 73 and the fourth valve 74 are opened. After the energy release assembly 40 starts operating, the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy release heat exchanger 42 is input into the first inlet 431 of the energy release pipe 43 and then output to the turbine 41 through the first outlet 433.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first inlet 431 and the second outlet 434 are disposed adjacent to each other at the first end of the energy release pipe 43, and the first outlet 433 and the second inlet 432 are disposed adjacent to each other at the second end of the energy release pipe 43. Furthermore, a gas temperature sensor 80 is connected to the energy release pipe 43 at a position adjacent to the first outlet 433. The gas temperature sensor 80 is used to detect the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43. On the one hand, it can monitor whether the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 can be completely replaced to reach a preset higher temperature. On the other hand, it can monitor the gas temperature at the inlet end of the turbine 41 during the operation of the energy release component 40.

[0038] As a preferred solution, in this embodiment, the second outlet 434 of the energy release pipe 43 is connected to the condenser 51 through the third connecting pipe 64. Therefore, the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas displaced from the energy release pipe 43 is condensed and liquefied by the condenser 51 and then output to the liquid storage unit 30.

[0039] Based on the carbon dioxide energy storage system provided in the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method for the carbon dioxide energy storage system, the control method comprising the following steps:

[0040] Step S101 : within the first time period after the energy storage assembly 20 starts to operate, controlling the gas temporary storage unit 60 to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly 20 .

[0041] Specifically, within a first time period after the energy storage assembly 20 starts operating, the first valve 71 is opened and the second valve 72 is closed, so that the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 is input into the gas storage container 61 for storage.

[0042] Step S102 : After the first time period, controlling the gas temporary storage unit 60 to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly 20 , so that the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is transported toward the liquid storage unit 30 .

[0043] Specifically, after the first time period, the energy storage component 20 enters a stable operating state, the first valve 71 is closed, and the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 is no longer input into the gas storage container 61. The high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 is input into the energy storage heat exchanger 22 for heat exchange and cooling, and then liquefied by the condenser 51 to form liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 30.

[0044] Step S103 : During the second time period before the energy storage assembly 20 stops operating, controlling the gas temporary storage unit 60 to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly 20 until the energy storage assembly 20 stops operating.

[0045] Specifically, in the second time period before the energy storage component 20 stops running, the first valve 71 is opened again, and the second valve 72 remains closed. The high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the compressor 21 is input into the gas storage container 61 for storage until the compressor 21 completely stops running and the first valve 71 is closed.

[0046] Step S104: Before the energy release component 40 starts to operate, control the gas temporary storage unit 60 to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component 40, and replace the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 of the energy release component 40 with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

[0047] Specifically, before the energy release component 40 starts to operate, the first valve 71 is kept in a closed state, the second valve 72 and the fifth valve 75 are opened, and the third valve 73 and the fourth valve 74 are closed. At this time, the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas stored in the gas storage container 61 is input into the energy release pipe 43, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 is output through the third connecting pipe 64, thereby replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

[0048] Furthermore, during the replacement process, the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 is detected by the gas temperature sensor 80. When the detected temperature reaches the preset temperature, it is determined that the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe 43 is completely replaced. At this time, the second valve 72 and the fifth valve 75 are closed, and the third valve 73 and the fourth valve 74 are opened.

[0049] S105 , evaporating and gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 30 and inputting it into the energy release component 40 , and controlling the energy release component 40 to start operation.

[0050] Specifically, the third valve 73 and the fourth valve 74 are kept in an open state, and the second valve 72 and the fifth valve 75 are kept in a closed state. The liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 30 is pressurized by the liquid pump 52 and input into the evaporator 53. After being heated and evaporated by the evaporator 53, it is input into the energy-releasing heat exchanger 42. At this time, the turbine 41 is controlled to start running. The high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output by the energy-releasing heat exchanger 42 is input into the turbine 41. After the turbine 41 performs external work, it is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure and stored in the gas storage unit 10.

[0051] In summary, the carbon dioxide energy storage system and control method thereof provided in the above embodiments of the present invention are achieved by setting a gas temporary storage unit between the energy storage component and the energy release component: on the one hand, within a first time period after the energy storage component starts to operate and within a second time period before the energy storage component stops to operate, the gas temporary storage unit receives and stores the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component, thereby preventing the compressor in the energy storage component from entering a surge condition and improving the stability of the energy storage system operation; on the other hand, before the energy release component starts to operate, the gas temporary storage unit inputs the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, replaces the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline of the energy release component with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, and applies the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas that originally needs to be vented or refluxed to avoid surge to the energy release component, which not only avoids energy waste and improves the energy utilization rate of the system to reduce operating costs, but also creates favorable conditions for the rapid start-up of the energy release condition by replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the system.

[0052] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide energy storage system, comprising a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit, and an energy release component connected in a closed loop, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide energy storage system further includes a gas temporary storage unit connected between the energy storage component and the energy release component, the gas temporary storage unit includes a gas storage container, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, the energy storage component includes a compressor and an energy storage heat exchanger, the energy storage heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of the compressor through the energy storage pipe, the energy release component includes a turbine and an energy release heat exchanger, the energy release heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the turbine through the energy release pipe, the inlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy storage pipe through the first connecting pipe, the outlet of the gas storage container is connected to the energy release pipe through the second connecting pipe, the first connecting pipe is provided with a first valve, and the second connecting pipe is provided with a second valve; The energy release pipeline includes a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet. The outlet of the energy release heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the energy release pipeline through a third valve. The inlet of the turbine is connected to the first outlet of the energy release pipeline through a fourth valve. The second connecting pipeline is connected to the second inlet of the energy release pipeline. The second outlet of the energy release pipeline is connected to the connecting pipeline between the energy storage assembly and the liquid storage unit through a third connecting pipeline. A fifth valve is provided on the third connecting pipeline. In which, the gas temporary storage unit is configured as follows: within a first time period after the energy storage component starts to operate and within a second time period before the energy storage component stops operating, the gas temporary storage unit receives and stores the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage component; before the energy release component starts to operate, the gas temporary storage unit inputs the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, and replaces the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipeline in the energy release component with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas.

2. The carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first inlet and the second outlet are disposed adjacent to each other at a first end of the energy release conduit, and the first outlet and the second inlet are disposed adjacent to each other at a second end of the energy release conduit.

3. The carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A condenser is provided on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, and the second outlet of the energy release pipeline is connected to the condenser through the third connecting pipeline; the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas displaced from the energy release pipeline is condensed and liquefied by the condenser and then output to the liquid storage unit.

4. The carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gas temperature sensor is connected to the energy release pipe at a position adjacent to the first outlet.

5. The carbon dioxide energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid pump and an evaporator are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component.

6. A control method for a carbon dioxide energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The control method includes: S101, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly within the first time period after the energy storage assembly starts operating; S102: After the first time period, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to stop receiving the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly, so that the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas is transported toward the liquid storage unit; S103, in the second time period before the energy storage assembly stops operating, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to receive and store the high-temperature carbon dioxide gas output from the energy storage assembly until the energy storage assembly stops operating; S104, before the energy release component starts to operate, controlling the gas temporary storage unit to input the stored high-temperature carbon dioxide gas into the energy release component, replacing the low-temperature carbon dioxide gas in the energy release pipe of the energy release component with high-temperature carbon dioxide gas; S105 , evaporating and gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit and inputting it into the energy release component, and controlling the energy release component to start operation.

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