Tensile load transfer test device and method based on high water pressure environment

Abstract

The invention relates to a tensile load transfer test device and method based on a high water pressure environment, and belongs to the technical field of test equipment, the tensile load transfer test device comprises a high water pressure chamber, a water pressure sealing mechanism is arranged on the high water pressure chamber, and a load transfer mechanism is slidably connected in the water pressure sealing mechanism and is communicated with the interior of the high water pressure chamber. During a test, the water pressure sealing mechanism is installed on the high water pressure chamber sealing cover, the high water pressure chamber sealing cover and the high water pressure chamber body are connected after the load transmission mechanism is installed in the water pressure sealing mechanism, and finally the test is carried out. According to the invention, tensile load transmission under different internal and external pressure environments is realized, and a more efficient and reliable scheme is provided for evaluating the anchoring characteristics of the anchor rod under high water pressure and high ground stress environments. Meanwhile, the method is suitable for all types of anchor rods or anchor cables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of test equipment, and particularly relates to a tensile load transfer test device and method based on a high water pressure environment. Background Technique

[0002] Due to advantages such as convenient installation, low cost, and good effect of controlling surrounding rock stability, anchor bolts (cables) are widely used in the support fields of geotechnical engineering such as mines and tunnels. However, in recent years, with the continuous deep development of geotechnical engineering, under the action of high ground stress and high water pressure, the failure of anchor bolts (cables) occurs frequently, seriously threatening the safety and stability of the project.

[0003] To evaluate the support characteristics of anchor bolts (cables) under the action of high ground stress and high water pressure, it is particularly important to develop a test device and method that can simulate the high ground stress and high water pressure environment suffered by anchor bolts (cables). The difficulty of this technology lies in how to transmit the tensile load outside the high water pressure environment into the high water pressure environment and the end of the anchor bolt (cable), and at the same time keep the high-pressure water from leaking during the stretching process.

[0004] Chinese Patent (Publication No.: CN106092749A, Publication Date: November 9, 2016) discloses an anchor bolt pull-out and stress wave detection test device and method, and Chinese Patent (Publication No.: CN117554187A, Publication Date: February 13, 2024) discloses a long anchor bolt pull-out creep test device and method based on confining pressure. A sealing block structure is disclosed in the above-mentioned prior arts, but it is difficult to achieve efficient transmission of the tensile load in the high water pressure environment, so it is impossible to effectively evaluate the anchoring characteristics of anchor bolts (cables) in the high water pressure and high ground stress environment, seriously affecting the safety and stability of deep anchoring projects; at the same time, the structure installation process is complex and the sealing effect is poor, so that the test results and the safety of the device are difficult to guarantee; and the current sealing block structure is only applicable to a single type of anchoring member (threaded steel anchor bolt), and it is difficult to take into account different types of anchoring members. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a tensile load transfer test device and method based on a high water pressure environment, which can achieve efficient transmission of the tensile load in the high water pressure environment while ensuring that the high-pressure water in the high water pressure environment does not leak.

[0006] A tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment includes a high water pressure chamber, a water pressure sealing mechanism is arranged on the high water pressure chamber, and a load transfer mechanism is slidably connected inside the water pressure sealing mechanism and communicates with the inside of the high water pressure chamber.

[0007] The high - water - pressure chamber includes a high - water - pressure chamber cavity and a high - water - pressure chamber cover. The high - water - pressure chamber cover is connected to the top of the high - water - pressure chamber cavity through long screws. A pressurization pipeline is arranged on the high - water - pressure chamber cavity and is externally connected to a liquid booster pump. A valve is correspondingly arranged on the pressurization pipeline.

[0008] The high - water - pressure chamber cover is a double - layer cover structure, in which the first - layer cover, the second - layer cover and the support cylinder arranged between the two are coaxially arranged.

[0009] A water - pressure sealing mechanism installation hole is opened at the central position of the high - water - pressure chamber cover for installing the water - pressure sealing mechanism.

[0010] The water - pressure sealing mechanism includes a sealing cylinder. The sealing cylinder is installed on the high - water - pressure chamber cover and is locked from the top and bottom of the high - water - pressure chamber cover.

[0011] The sealing cylinder is a hollow cylinder with a smooth inner surface and a surface roughness Ra≤0.02 μm. The load - transfer mechanism is coaxially and slidably connected inside the hollow cylinder. External threads are provided near the top of the outer surface of the sealing cylinder, and a top restraint nut limits and fixes the sealing cylinder from the top of the high - water - pressure chamber cover. A bottom limit fixing ring is connected and fixed to the sealing cylinder from the bottom of the high - water - pressure chamber cover.

[0012] The load - transfer mechanism is slidably connected inside the water - pressure sealing mechanism and includes a screw with a boss in the middle. The outer surface of the boss is smooth with a surface roughness Ra≤0.02 μm. It cooperates with the water - pressure sealing mechanism and freely slides inside the water - pressure sealing mechanism. During the test, the test bolt or cable is connected to the end of the screw. The specific connection methods include but are not limited to detachable connection through a connecting sleeve and welding.

[0013] The first connection end of the connecting sleeve is the load - transfer mechanism connection end, and an internal thread is opened at the first connection end for threaded connection with the screw. The second connection end of the connecting sleeve is the connection end for threaded steel bolts, pipe - slit bolts and cables. The second connection end includes a through - hole connection end and a threaded connection end arranged coaxially. The outermost end is the through - hole connection end for connecting pipe - slit bolts and cables. The threaded connection end is arranged inside the through - hole connection end along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve, and an internal thread is opened on the inner surface for connecting threaded steel bolts.

[0014] A sealing groove is opened on the outer surface of the boss, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing groove.

[0015] A tensile load - transfer test method based on a high - water - pressure environment uses the above - mentioned tensile load - transfer test device based on a high - water - pressure environment, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] Install a water pressure sealing mechanism on the high water pressure chamber cover of the high water pressure chamber;

[0017] Install a load transfer mechanism inside the water pressure sealing mechanism; Connect the test bolt or cable bolt to the end of the load transfer mechanism;

[0018] Connect the high water pressure chamber cover of the high water pressure chamber to the high water pressure chamber body of the high water pressure chamber;

[0019] Start the test: Pressurize the aqueous solution inside the high water pressure chamber through a liquid booster pump. When the water pressure reaches the set value, maintain the pressure; Then apply a tensile load to the upper part of the load transfer mechanism. At this time, the load transfer mechanism slides freely inside the sealing cylinder and transfers the tensile load through the load transfer mechanism to the inside of the high water pressure chamber and the end of the test bolt or cable bolt.

[0020] The method steps for installing the water pressure sealing mechanism on the high water pressure chamber cover include: Install the sealing cylinder into the water pressure sealing mechanism installation hole on the high water pressure chamber cover; Install the top restraint nut on the sealing cylinder and fasten the sealing cylinder from the upper part of the high water pressure chamber cover; Install the bottom limit fixing ring at the bottom of the sealing cylinder and fasten it with a screw.

[0021] With the above technical solutions, the invention of this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Through the mutual cooperation among the water pressure sealing mechanism, the load transfer mechanism and the high water pressure chamber cover, the invention solves the problem of difficult water pressure sealing during the stretching process in a high water pressure environment, realizes the tensile load transfer under different internal and external pressure environments, and provides a more efficient and reliable solution for evaluating the anchoring characteristics of bolts or cable bolts in high water pressure and high in-situ stress environments.

[0023] 2. The invention is applicable to all types of bolts or cable bolts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment provided by the invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment provided by the invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the high water pressure chamber cover in the invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the water pressure sealing mechanism in the invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is an internal structure schematic diagram of the water pressure sealing mechanism in the invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting sleeve for connecting the test anchor rod or cable and the load transfer mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 Internal structure schematic diagram of the connecting sleeve for connecting the test anchor rod or cable and the load transfer mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Wherein:

[0032] 1 - high - water - pressure chamber, 2 - water - pressure sealing mechanism, 3 - load transfer mechanism, 11 - high - water - pressure chamber cavity, 12 - high - water - pressure chamber cover, 13 - long screw, 111 - pressure - increasing pipeline, 112 - valve, 121 - first - layer cover plate, 122 - support cylinder, 123 - second - layer cover plate, 124 - water - pressure sealing mechanism installation hole, 21 - sealing cylinder, 22 - top restraint nut, 23 - bottom limit fixing ring, 24 - short screw, 31 - upper screw, 32 - middle boss, 33 - lower screw, 34 - sealing groove, 35 - sealing ring. Specific embodiments

[0033] For better explaining the present invention and facilitating understanding, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments.

[0034] As Figure 1-7 shown, a tensile load transfer test device based on a high - water - pressure environment includes a high - water - pressure chamber 1, and a water - pressure sealing mechanism 2 and a load transfer mechanism 3 are arranged on the high - water - pressure chamber 1.

[0035] A tensile load transfer test device based on a high - water - pressure environment provided in this embodiment includes a high - water - pressure chamber 1, a water - pressure sealing mechanism 2 is arranged on the high - water - pressure chamber 1, and the load transfer mechanism 3 is slidably connected inside the water - pressure sealing mechanism 2 and is communicated with the inside of the high - water - pressure chamber 1.

[0036] The high - water - pressure chamber 1 includes a high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11, a pressure - increasing pipeline 111 is arranged on the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11, and an external liquid booster pump is connected to pressurize the aqueous solution in the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11 during the test; a valve 112 is correspondingly arranged on the pressure - increasing pipeline 111. A high - water - pressure chamber cover 12 is plugged at the top of the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11, and a long screw 13 passes through the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11 and the high - water - pressure chamber cover 12 for fastening to prevent high - pressure water from leaking along the connection between the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11 and the high - water - pressure chamber cover 12. A water - pressure sealing mechanism installation hole 124 is opened at the central position of the high - water - pressure chamber cover 12 for installing the water - pressure sealing mechanism 2.

[0037] In this embodiment, the high water pressure chamber 1 includes a high water pressure chamber cavity 11 which is a hollow cylinder with a sealed bottom and is installed on the ground. The high water pressure chamber cover 12 is sealed at the top of the high water pressure chamber cavity 11 through a long screw 13. The long screw 13 passes through the top of the high water pressure chamber cover 12 and extends into the side wall of the high water pressure chamber cavity 11 to realize the fastening of the high water pressure chamber cavity 11 and the high water pressure chamber cover 12, preventing high-pressure water from leaking along the connection between the high water pressure chamber cavity 11 and the high water pressure chamber cover 12. Preferably, the high water pressure chamber cover 12 is a double-layer cover structure, including a first layer cover 121, a second layer cover 123 and a support cylinder 122 arranged therebetween. The first layer cover 121, the second layer cover 123 and the support cylinder 122 are coaxially arranged. The long screw 13 passes through the side wall of the high water pressure chamber cavity 11 from the top of the second layer cover 123 to realize the fastening connection between the high water pressure chamber cavity 11 and the high water pressure chamber cover 12. Water pressure sealing mechanism installation holes 124 are provided at the central positions of the first layer cover 121, the support cylinder 122 and the second layer cover 123, which are communicated with the inside of the high water pressure chamber 1 and are used for installing the water pressure sealing mechanism 2.

[0038] The water pressure sealing mechanism 2 includes a sealing cylinder 21 which is installed in the water pressure sealing mechanism installation hole 124 of the high water pressure chamber cover 12, and a top restraint nut 22 is fastened to the top of the high water pressure chamber cover 12, and a bottom limit fixing ring 23 is locked at the bottom of the high water pressure chamber cover 12 to realize the fastening connection between the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 and the high water pressure chamber cover 12. The load transfer mechanism 3 is coaxially and slidably connected in the water pressure sealing mechanism 2.

[0039] In this embodiment, the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 includes a sealing cylinder 21, which is installed in a water pressure sealing mechanism installation hole 124 opened at the central position of the high water pressure chamber cover 12. The sealing cylinder 21 is a hollow cylinder with a highly smooth interior and a surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.02 microns. The load transfer mechanism 3 is coaxially and slidably connected inside the hollow cylinder. An external thread is provided near the top position of the outer part of the sealing cylinder 21 for connection with the top restraint nut 22. The top restraint nut 22 is an external hexagonal nut located at the top of the high water pressure chamber cover 12 for limiting, restraining, and fixing the sealing cylinder 21. The bottom of the sealing cylinder 21 is limited and fixed by a bottom limit fixing ring 23, and the bottom limit fixing ring 23 is connected to the bottom of the sealing cylinder 21 through a short screw 24. The bottom limit fixing ring 23 is a ring structure located at the bottom of the high water pressure chamber cover 12. The short screw 24 passes through the bottom limit fixing ring 23 and is fixed to the wall of the sealing cylinder 21 from the bottom of the sealing cylinder 21, thereby realizing the water pressure seal between the entire water pressure sealing mechanism 2 and the high water pressure chamber cover 12 and preventing high-pressure water from leaking along the connection between the sealing cylinder 21 and the high water pressure chamber cover 12.

[0040] The load transfer mechanism 3 is slidably connected inside the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 and includes a screw rod with a boss in the middle. The boss cooperates with the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 and freely slides inside the water pressure sealing mechanism 2. A sealing groove 34 is provided on the outer surface of the boss, and a sealing ring 35 is installed in the sealing groove 34. During the test, the test bolt or cable is coaxially and fixedly connected to the end of the screw rod through a connecting sleeve in a detachable manner or by welding or other means, not limited to connecting sleeve connection and welding.

[0041] In this embodiment, the load transfer mechanism 3 includes an upper screw 31, a middle boss 32, and a lower screw 33 that are coaxially arranged in sequence. The outer surface of the middle boss 32 is highly smooth, with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 0.02 μm, and it is matched with the inner surface of the sealing cylinder 21 of the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 and freely slides inside the sealing cylinder 21. A sealing groove 34 is circumferentially formed on the outer surface of the middle boss 32. In this embodiment, the other sealing grooves 34 are arranged in parallel. A sealing ring 35 is installed in the sealing groove 34. The sealing ring 35 seals between the middle boss 32 and the sealing cylinder 21. While the load transfer mechanism 3 freely slides inside the sealing cylinder 21, it ensures that high-pressure water does not leak at the connection between the sealing cylinder 21 and the middle boss 32 of the load transfer mechanism 3. During the test, the test anchor bolt or cable is detachably connected or coaxially connected by welding through, but not limited to, a connecting sleeve with internal threads at both ends to the end of the lower screw 33. In this embodiment, the test anchor bolt or cable is connected to the lower screw 33 through the connecting sleeve. The first connection end of the connecting sleeve is the connection end of the load transfer mechanism 3, and an internal thread is provided at the first connection end for threaded connection with the lower screw 33 of the load transfer mechanism 3; the second connection end of the connecting sleeve is the connection end for the threaded steel anchor bolt, pipe-slot anchor bolt, and cable. The second connection end includes a through-hole connection end and a threaded connection end arranged coaxially. The outermost end is the through-hole connection end for connecting the pipe-slot anchor bolt and the cable; the threaded connection end is arranged inside the through-hole connection end along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve, and an internal thread is provided on the inner surface for connecting the threaded steel anchor bolt.

[0042] The tensile load transfer test is carried out by using the above-mentioned tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0043] Install the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 on the high water pressure chamber cover 12:

[0044] Install the sealing cylinder 21 into the water pressure sealing mechanism installation hole 124 of the high water pressure chamber cover 12; install the top restraint nut 22 on the sealing cylinder 21 and fasten the sealing cylinder 21 from the upper part of the high water pressure chamber cover 12; install the bottom limit fixing ring 23 at the bottom of the sealing cylinder 21 and fasten it with a short screw 24.

[0045] Install the load transfer mechanism 3 in the water pressure sealing mechanism 2:

[0046] Pass the load transfer mechanism 3 through the inside of the sealing cylinder 21 installed in the water pressure sealing mechanism 2 and connect the test anchor bolt or cable to the end of the load transfer mechanism 3.

[0047] Connect the high water pressure chamber cover 12 and the high water pressure chamber cavity 11:

[0048] Install the high - water - pressure chamber cover 12 on the upper part of the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11 and fasten it with the long screw 13.

[0049] Start the test:

[0050] The pressurization pipeline 111 is externally connected to a liquid booster pump. Open the valve 112 on the pressurization pipeline 111 and pressurize the aqueous solution in the high - water - pressure chamber cavity 11 through the liquid booster pump. After the water pressure reaches the set value, hold the pressure. Then apply a tensile load to the upper part of the load transfer mechanism 3. At this time, the load transfer mechanism 3 slides freely inside the sealing cylinder 21 and transfers the tensile load through the load transfer mechanism 3 to the inside of the high - water - pressure chamber 1 and the end of the test anchor rod or cable.

Claims

1. A tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment, characterized in that: It includes a high - water - pressure chamber (1), on which a water - pressure sealing mechanism (2) is provided. A load - transfer mechanism (3) is slidably connected inside the water - pressure sealing mechanism (2) and communicates with the inside of the high - water - pressure chamber (1).

2. The tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high - water - pressure chamber (1) includes a high - water - pressure chamber cavity (11) and a high - water - pressure chamber cover (12). The high - water - pressure chamber cover (12) is connected to the top of the high - water - pressure chamber cavity (11) through a long screw rod (13). A pressurization pipeline (111) is provided on the high - water - pressure chamber cavity (11) and is externally connected to a liquid booster pump. A valve (112) is correspondingly provided on the pressurization pipeline (111).

3. The tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high - water - pressure chamber cover (12) is a double - layer cover structure, in which the first - layer cover (121), the second - layer cover (123) and the support cylinder (122) arranged between the two are coaxially arranged.

4. A tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A water - pressure sealing mechanism installation hole (124) is opened at the central position of the high - water - pressure chamber cover (12) for the installation of the water - pressure sealing mechanism (2).

5. A tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water - pressure sealing mechanism (2) includes a sealing cylinder (21). The sealing cylinder (21) is installed on the high - water - pressure chamber cover (12) and is locked from the top and bottom of the high - water - pressure chamber cover (12).

6. The tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sealing cylinder (21) is a hollow cylinder with a highly smooth inner surface and a surface roughness Ra≤(0).(02) microns. The load - transfer mechanism (3) is slidably connected coaxially inside the hollow cylinder. External threads are provided at the position near the top of the outside of the sealing cylinder (21), and the top restraint nut (22) limits and fixes the sealing cylinder (21) from the top of the high - water - pressure chamber cover (12). The bottom limit fixing ring (23) is connected and fixed to the sealing cylinder (21) from the bottom of the high - water - pressure chamber cover (12).

7. A tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load - transfer mechanism (3) is slidably connected inside the water - pressure sealing mechanism (2) and includes a screw rod with a boss in the middle. The outer surface of the boss is highly smooth and the surface roughness Ra≤(0).(02) microns. It cooperates with the water - pressure sealing mechanism (2) and freely slides inside the water - pressure sealing mechanism (2). During the test, a test bolt or cable is connected to the end of the screw rod, and the specific connection methods include but are not limited to detachable connection through a connecting sleeve and welding. The first connection end of the connecting sleeve is the connection end of the load - transfer mechanism (3). An internal thread is opened at the first connection end and is thread - connected to the screw rod. The second connection end of the connecting sleeve is the connection end of a ribbed steel bolt, a slotted - pipe bolt, and a cable. The second connection end includes a through - hole connection end and a threaded connection end arranged coaxially. The outermost end is the through - hole connection end for the connection of the slotted - pipe bolt and the cable. The threaded connection end is arranged inside the through - hole connection end along the axial direction of the connecting sleeve, and an internal thread is opened on the inner surface for the connection of the ribbed steel bolt.

8. The tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 7, wherein: A sealing groove (34) is opened on the outer surface of the boss, and a sealing ring (35) is installed in the sealing groove (34).

9. A tensile load transfer test method based on a high water pressure environment, using a tensile load transfer test device based on a high water pressure environment according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes the following steps: Install the water - pressure sealing mechanism (2) on the high - water - pressure chamber cover (12) of the high - water - pressure chamber (1). Install the load transfer mechanism (3) inside the water pressure sealing mechanism (2); connect the test bolt or cable to the end of the load transfer mechanism (3). Connect the high water pressure chamber cover (12) of the high water pressure chamber (1) to the high water pressure chamber cavity (11) of the high water pressure chamber (1). Start the test: pressurize the aqueous solution in the high water pressure chamber cavity (11) through a liquid booster pump. When the water pressure reaches the set value, maintain the pressure; then apply a tensile load to the upper part of the load transfer mechanism (3). At this time, the load transfer mechanism slides freely inside the sealing cylinder (21) and transfers the tensile load to the inside of the high water pressure chamber (1) through the load transfer mechanism (3).

10. A tensile load transfer test method based on a high water pressure environment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method steps for installing the water pressure sealing mechanism (2) on the high water pressure chamber cover (12) include: installing the sealing cylinder (21) into the water pressure sealing mechanism installation hole (124) of the high water pressure chamber cover (12); installing the top restraint nut (22) on the sealing cylinder (21) and fastening the sealing cylinder (21) from the upper part of the high water pressure chamber cover (12); installing the bottom limit fixing ring (23) at the bottom of the sealing cylinder (21) and fastening it with a screw.

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