Light formula generation method and system based on dendrobium officinale polysaccharide synthesis

Abstract

The invention discloses a light formula generation method and system based on dendrobium officinale polysaccharide synthesis, particularly relates to the technical field of plant factory light environment regulation and control, and is used for solving the technical bottlenecks of polarization state instability and insufficient light signal penetration uniformity caused by environment interference in existing polarization state light regulation and control. A polarization state distortion area is sensed in real time based on Stokes parameters, physical interference factors of a reflection path and medium scattering are extracted, polarization state compensation parameters are generated through cross-correlation modeling, a laser light source direction angle and a phase delay amount are cooperatively optimized, and re-calibration of a distortion matrix is triggered through colorimetric method penetration uniformity verification; through closed-loop logic of physical interference traceability and dynamic compensation, the polarization stability of optical signals and the penetrability of plant tissues are synchronously improved, and efficient cooperation of a dendrobium officinale light response mechanism and a polysaccharide synthesis path is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of light environment regulation in plant factories, and more specifically, to a method and system for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale. Background Art

[0002] In plant factories, crop yield and quality can be improved through light environment regulation; by regulating light signal parameters (such as intensity, wavelength, polarization state, etc.), the light response mechanism of plants can be directionally activated to promote the synthesis of metabolites (such as polysaccharides and secondary metabolites); research shows that the polarization characteristics of light signals have a significant impact on plant cell signal transduction. For example, light waves with a specific polarization state can enhance the activation efficiency of photoreceptor proteins, thereby regulating gene expression and material synthesis pathways; in the prior art, multi-dimensional light regulation means (such as spectral formula and dynamic lighting mode) have been widely used in plant factories, but the polarization state stability of light signals in complex environments (such as multi-path reflection and water mist scattering) is still a key technical bottleneck.

[0003] In the prior art, the light regulation system in plant factories faces significant defects in the practical application of polarization state parameters: due to the existence of multi-source interference in the cultivation environment (such as equipment reflection and medium scattering), the polarization characteristics of incident light are prone to non-uniform distortion, resulting in the obstruction of the light signal transduction path, which will directly weaken the regulation effect of polarized light on the photosensitive mechanism of plants, causing unstable synthesis efficiency of metabolites and restricting the repeatability and large-scale application of high-quality production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the polarization state parameters of the light signal in the Dendrobium officinale cultivation area in the plant factory in real time, and the polarization state parameters of the light signal include Stokes parameters; S2. Construct a polarization state distortion matrix based on the Stokes parameters, and identify the distortion area where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold; S3. Extract interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment according to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion area; S4. Generate polarization state compensation parameters by non-linearly iteratively analyzing the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factors; S5. Adjust the emission direction angle and phase delay amount of the laser light source according to the polarization state compensation parameters to generate a target polarization state light signal, including: Map the polarization state compensation parameters to the azimuth coordinate system of the laser light source, and adjust the emission direction angle based on the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm to align the light source axis with the propagation direction of the target polarization state optical signal; According to the change gradient of the phase delay amount in the compensation parameters, dynamically adjust the refractive index of the laser crystal through a piezoelectric ceramic driver to generate the target phase delay amount; Based on the deviation between the target polarization state optical signal and the preset polarization state parameters obtained by real-time feedback, finely adjust the cooperation weight of the emission direction angle and the phase delay amount, and the weight is dynamically allocated according to the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering in the compensation parameters; Couple the adjusted emission direction angle and phase delay amount through a polarization beam combiner to generate the target polarization state optical signal, and verify the consistency between its Stokes parameters and the preset threshold; S6. Verify the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state optical signal in the Dendrobium officinale leaf tissue by colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, recalibrate the polarization state distortion matrix.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the polarization state parameters of the optical signal in the Dendrobium officinale cultivation area are obtained in real time in the plant factory. The polarization state parameters of the optical signal include Stokes parameters, including: Arrange a polarization sensor array above and on the side of the Dendrobium officinale cultivation area; Collect the incident optical signal within a preset wavelength range through the polarization sensor array; Perform spectral splitting and filtering on the incident optical signal to separate the characteristic spectral bands related to the calculation of Stokes parameters; Calculate the S0, S1, S2, and S3 components in the Stokes parameters based on the light intensity distribution and phase difference of the characteristic spectral bands.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, construct a polarization state distortion matrix based on the Stokes parameters to identify the distortion regions where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold, including: Based on the S0, S1, S2, and S3 components in the Stokes parameters, calculate the covariance matrix between the components. The covariance matrix characterizes the statistical distribution characteristics of the polarization state of the optical signal; Perform principal component analysis on the covariance matrix, extract the first two principal component components, and construct a two-dimensional polarization state feature space; In the two-dimensional polarization state feature space, mark the regions where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold as distortion regions; Based on the spatial distribution density and boundary continuity of the distortion regions, merge adjacent distortion regions with a density higher than the critical value to generate the final set of distortion regions.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the preset threshold is set based on the light response sensitivity of Dendrobium officinale and the requirement for polarization state stability.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, according to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion region, interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment are extracted, including: Decompose the polarization state distortion matrix into a reflection path component and a medium scattering component. The reflection path component is extracted by associating and mapping the high-variance eigenvector direction in principal component analysis with the incident angle of the light source; Based on the spatial distribution of the distortion region and the deviation direction of the Stokes parameters, calculate the reflection path distribution through geometric inversion; According to the correlation between the medium scattering component and the Stokes parameter S3 component, combined with the light attenuation model, invert the medium scattering coefficient. The light attenuation model is established based on the exponential attenuation law of light intensity with propagation distance; Fuse the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient to generate a comprehensive interference factor. The fusion method is to perform normalized weighting on the two factors, and the weights are set according to the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering in the distortion region.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the reflection path distribution includes the position, inclination angle, and reflection optical path difference of the reflecting surface.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, through non-linear iterative analysis of the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factor, polarization state compensation parameters are generated, including: Construct a cross-correlation matrix based on the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient. The cross-correlation matrix characterizes the joint probability distribution of the reflection path optical path difference and the scattering coefficient; According to the singular value decomposition result of the cross-correlation matrix, extract the coupling weight of the reflection path and the scattering medium. The coupling weight represents the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering to the polarization state distortion; Through the non-linear least squares optimization algorithm, with the coupling weight as the constraint condition, iteratively solve the objective function of the polarization state compensation parameter. The objective function is to minimize the sum of the squares of the residual polarization errors; In each iteration, dynamically adjust the optimization step size according to the gradient of the objective function until the residual error is lower than the preset convergence threshold, and output the final polarization state compensation parameter.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, verify the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state light signal in the Dendrobium officinale leaf tissue by colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, recalibrate the polarization state distortion matrix, including: Deploy multi-angle spectrophotometers on the surface of the Dendrobium officinale leaf to collect the transmission spectrum of the target polarization state light signal in the leaf tissue; The light intensity distribution based on the transmission spectrum is used to calculate the penetration uniformity, which is the ratio of the mean square deviation of the light intensity at each wavelength to the average light intensity; If the penetration uniformity exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the preset standard is not met, and the deviation direction of the Stokes parameter corresponding to the wavelength range with the worst penetration uniformity is extracted; According to the deviation direction, the covariance weight of the polarization state distortion matrix is corrected in the reverse direction, and an updated set of distortion regions is generated and returned for recalibration.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a light formula generation system based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale, including the following modules: A polarization sensing module for real-time obtaining the polarization state parameters of the light signal in the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale in a plant factory, where the polarization state parameters of the light signal include Stokes parameters; A distortion modeling module for constructing a polarization state distortion matrix based on the Stokes parameters and identifying the distortion regions where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold; An interference analysis module for extracting the interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment according to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion regions; An iterative compensation module for generating polarization state compensation parameters by non-linearly iteratively analyzing the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factors; A signal generation module for adjusting the emission direction angle and phase delay amount of the laser light source according to the polarization state compensation parameters to generate a target polarization state light signal; A feedback calibration module for verifying the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state light signal in the leaf tissue of Dendrobium officinale by colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, the polarization state distortion matrix is recalibrated.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the dynamic closed-loop regulation mechanism of the polarization state parameters, the adaptive stability of the light signal in a complex environment is realized, and the efficiency and consistency of the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale are significantly improved. The polarization state distortion matrix constructed based on the Stokes parameters, combined with the multi-dimensional environmental interference factor extraction technology, can accurately locate the polarization state distortion regions caused by abnormal reflection paths and medium scattering effects. Through the integration of physical modeling and statistical analysis, the light signal distortion problem is transformed into a quantifiable spatial distribution feature, breaking through the limitation of the static adjustment of empirical parameters in traditional light compensation methods. The non-linear iterative algorithm establishes a dynamic mapping relationship between the polarization state compensation parameters and environmental interference by coupling the cross-correlation characteristics of the reflection path and the scattering medium, solving the problem of parameter mismatch under the coupling action of multi-source interference, so that the compensated polarization state light signal not only meets the preset polarization accuracy requirements but also can actively adapt to dynamic environmental changes such as equipment layout adjustment and temperature and humidity fluctuations.

[0015] 2. The collaborative optimization mechanism of polarization state compensation parameters and laser light source parameters realizes the physical interpretability and engineering controllability of optical signal regulation. By modeling the spatial distribution characteristics of environmental interference through the covariance matrix and combining the reverse feedback of the penetration uniformity verification by colorimetry, the system can establish a dynamic balance between the polarization state stability and the optical signal penetrability, forming a self-calibrating closed-loop control logic. Compared with the traditional method, this scheme enables the optical formula parameters to have both physical scenario adaptability and biological effect directivity through the quantitative analysis of the polarization state distortion mechanism and the directional correction of compensation parameters. It not only suppresses the distortion effect of environmental interference such as equipment reflection and water mist scattering on the polarization state but also ensures the effective penetration and uniform distribution of the optical signal in plant tissues. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for generating an optical formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the system for generating an optical formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale in the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1: Figure 1 The method for generating an optical formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale in the present invention is given, which includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the optical signal polarization state parameters in the Dendrobium officinale cultivation area in real time in the plant factory, and the optical signal polarization state parameters include Stokes parameters; S2. Construct a polarization state distortion matrix based on the Stokes parameters and identify the distortion regions where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset thresholds; S3. Extract the interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment according to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion regions; S4. Generate polarization state compensation parameters through non-linear iterative analysis of the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factors; S5. Adjust the emission direction angle and phase delay amount of the laser light source according to the polarization state compensation parameters to generate a target polarization state optical signal; S6. Verify the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state optical signal in the Dendrobium officinale leaf tissue by colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, recalibrate the polarization state distortion matrix.

[0019] When obtaining the polarization state parameters of the light signal in the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale in real time in a plant factory, first, a polarization sensor array is arranged above and on the side of the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale. The polarization sensor array consists of multiple linear polarization sensors and circular polarization sensors. The photosensitive surface of each sensor unit forms a specific angle with the growth direction of the main stem of Dendrobium officinale, and the setting range of the angle is 30° to 60° to adapt to the spatial distribution characteristics of the leaves of Dendrobium officinale and ensure that the light signal acquisition direction is consistent with the normal direction of the light-receiving surface of the leaves. The setting of the angle is based on the morphological data of Dendrobium officinale plants, including the inclination angle of the main stem and the leaf unfolding angle. The installation height of the polarization sensor array is 40 cm to 60 cm from the cultivation bed surface, and the horizontal spacing is 20 cm to 40 cm, covering the area from the top to the bottom of the canopy of Dendrobium officinale in the vertical direction. The setting of the installation height and spacing is based on the average height and canopy density of Dendrobium officinale plants, where the average plant height is 50 cm and the canopy density is 10 to 15 plants per square meter.

[0020] The incident light signal within a preset wavelength range is collected through the polarization sensor array. The preset wavelength range is set to 280 nm to 730 nm, which covers the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands. The setting of the ultraviolet band from 280 nm to 400 nm is based on the activation threshold of the light defense metabolic pathway of Dendrobium officinale. The setting of the visible band from 400 nm to 700 nm is based on the light response curve of photosynthesis. The setting of the near-infrared band from 700 nm to 730 nm is based on the sensitive wavelength of photomorphogenesis regulation. During the collection process, each sensor unit synchronously records the light intensity, wavelength, and polarization angle data of the incident light signal at a sampling rate of 5 frames per second to 20 frames per second. The setting of the sampling rate is based on the refresh frequency of the lighting system in the plant factory and the signal noise level. The refresh frequency of the lighting system is 60 Hz, and the signal noise level is measured by a spectrum analyzer. The main noise frequencies are 50 Hz power frequency interference and high-frequency switching noise. The data is transmitted to the central control unit through the RS485 communication protocol. The data processing software of the central control unit is a signal processing program developed based on Python, with the version of Python 3.8, and the dependent libraries include NumPy 1.20 and SciPy 1.6.

[0021] When performing spectral filtering on the incident optical signal, a band-pass filter is used to separate the characteristic spectral bands related to the calculation of Stokes parameters. The center wavelengths of the band-pass filter are set to 450 nm in the blue light band, 660 nm in the red light band, and 730 nm in the far-red light band, with a bandwidth of ±10 nm. The setting of the center wavelengths is based on the absorption peaks of the photoreceptor proteins in Dendrobium officinale. Among them, 450 nm corresponds to the absorption peak of phytochrome B, 660 nm corresponds to the absorption peak of phytochrome A, and 730 nm corresponds to the far-red light response peak of phytochrome A. The setting of the bandwidth is based on the full-width at half-maximum of the photoreceptor protein, and the full-width at half-maximum is measured to be 20 nm by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. After spectral filtering, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photoelectric conversion module. The response wavelength of the photoelectric conversion module is from 200 nm to 1000 nm, and the conversion efficiency is 0.5 A / W. A lock-in amplifier is used to extract the AC components of each band to eliminate the environmental background noise. The reference frequency of the lock-in amplifier is set from 1 kHz to 10 kHz, and the phase delay is adjusted from 0° to 90°. The setting of the reference frequency is based on the main frequency components of the environmental noise. After analyzing the noise spectrum through fast Fourier transform, the main interference frequencies are determined to be from 1 kHz to 5 kHz; the setting of the phase delay is based on the signal modulation method. When the optical signal is modulated by a square wave, the phase delay is 0°, and when it is modulated by a sine wave, the phase delay is 90°.

[0022] Based on the light intensity distribution and phase difference of the characteristic spectral bands, the S0, S1, S2, and S3 components in the Stokes parameters are calculated. The S0 component represents the total light intensity and is obtained by calculating the arithmetic sum of the light intensities of each band. The calculation formula is S0 = I0 + I90 + I45 + I135 + IR + IL, where I0 is the light intensity in the 0° linear polarization direction, I90 is the light intensity in the 90° linear polarization direction, I45 is the light intensity in the 45° linear polarization direction, I135 is the light intensity in the 135° linear polarization direction, IR is the light intensity in the right-handed circular polarization direction, and IL is the light intensity in the left-handed circular polarization direction. The S1 component represents the intensity difference of linearly polarized light in the 0° direction and the 90° direction, and is calculated by the signal intensity difference between the 450 nm in the blue light band in the 0° polarization direction and the 90° polarization direction. The calculation formula is S1 = I0 - I90. The S2 component represents the intensity difference of linearly polarized light in the 45° direction and the 135° direction, and is calculated by the signal intensity difference between the 660 nm in the red light band in the 45° polarization direction and the 135° polarization direction. The calculation formula is S2 = I45 - I135. The S3 component represents the intensity difference between right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light, and is calculated by the signal intensity difference between the 730 nm in the far-red light band in the right-handed circular polarization direction and the left-handed circular polarization direction. The calculation formula is S3 = IR - IL. The unit of all light intensity parameters in the formula is W / m², and the calculation result is a dimensionless ratio or difference.

[0023] To verify the accuracy of Stokes parameter calculation, a standard polarizer and a quarter-wave plate are combined to generate an optical signal with a known polarization state, which is input into a polarization sensor array for calibration. During the calibration process, elliptically polarized light with a linear polarization angle ranging from 0° to 180° and an ellipticity ranging from 0 to 1 is input into the sensor. The linear polarization angle is controlled by rotating the polarizer, and the ellipticity is adjusted by the delay amount of the quarter-wave plate. The relative errors between the calculated S1 / S0, S2 / S0, S3 / S0 and the theoretical values are less than 5%, and the calibration results meet the accuracy requirements for light regulation in plant factories. For example, when elliptically polarized light with a linear polarization angle of 45° and an ellipticity of 0.5 is input, the theoretical values are S1 / S0 = 0.707, S2 / S0 = 0.707, S3 / S0 = 0.5, and the measured values are S1 / S0 = 0.698, S2 / S0 = 0.713, S3 / S0 = 0.485, with relative errors of 1.3%, 0.8%, and 3.0% respectively.

[0024] In the spectral filtering process, if the optical intensity signal-to-noise ratio of a certain wavelength band is lower than the preset threshold of 20 dB, the gain adjustment mechanism is automatically triggered, and the amplification factor of the photoelectric conversion module is adjusted to dynamically adapt the signal intensity to the range of the analog-to-digital converter. The adjustment range of the gain adjustment coefficient is from 1 times to 10 times, and the adjustment is based on the signal attenuation degree and the noise power spectral density. The signal attenuation degree is calculated by the ratio of the current optical intensity to the reference optical intensity, and the noise power spectral density is measured by a spectrum analyzer. For example, when the optical intensity of the 660 nm red light band is attenuated to 20% - 50% of the original value due to water mist scattering, the reference optical intensity is the optical intensity value of 100 W / m² under the condition of no interference, the current optical intensity is 20 W / m² - 50 W / m², and the attenuation degree is 20% - 50%. At this time, the gain coefficient is increased from 1 times to 3 times to 5 times, so that the input signal intensity of the analog-to-digital converter is maintained within the range of 1 V - 5 V.

[0025] When constructing the polarization state distortion matrix based on Stokes parameters, first obtain the Stokes parameter S0, S1, S2, S3 components of the Dendrobium officinale cultivation area from step S1. The Stokes parameter S0 represents the total optical intensity, with the unit of W / m² and the numerical range of 100 - 1000 W / m²; S1 represents the difference in optical intensity between the 0° linear polarization direction and the 90° linear polarization direction, with the unit of W / m² and the numerical range of -500 - 500 W / m²; S2 represents the difference in optical intensity between the 45° linear polarization direction and the 135° linear polarization direction, with the unit of W / m² and the numerical range of -500 - 500 W / m²; S3 represents the difference in optical intensity between the right-handed circular polarization direction and the left-handed circular polarization direction, with the unit of W / m² and the numerical range of -200 - 200 W / m².

[0026] Based on the S0, S1, S2, and S3 components in the Stokes parameters, calculate the covariance matrix between each component. The dimension of the covariance matrix is 4 rows and 4 columns, and each element in the matrix represents the covariance value between two Stokes parameter components. The calculation formula for the covariance value is: the covariance value is equal to the first parameter component minus its mean, multiplied by the second parameter component minus its mean, and then averaged over all sampling points. The mean is obtained by taking the arithmetic mean of the Stokes parameters at all sampling points within the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale. The number of sampling points is set to 10 to 20 per square meter, and the distribution pattern of the sampling points is a uniform grid distribution with a grid spacing of 10 cm. The calculation result of the covariance matrix is used to characterize the statistical distribution characteristics of the polarization state of the optical signal. For example, when the covariance value between S1 and S2 is positive and relatively high, it indicates that the variation trends of linearly polarized light in the 0° and 45° directions are consistent, which may be caused by the same interference source.

[0027] Perform principal component analysis on the covariance matrix to extract the first two principal component components. The implementation method of principal component analysis is: calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, sort them in descending order of eigenvalues, and select the eigenvectors corresponding to the first two largest eigenvalues as the principal component components. The direction of the eigenvector represents the main change direction of the Stokes parameters in the polarization state feature space, and the eigenvalue represents the variance contribution rate in each direction. The sum of the variance contribution rates of the first two principal component components needs to be greater than 80% to ensure that the two-dimensional feature space after dimensionality reduction can retain the core polarization state information of the original data. If the sum of the variance contribution rates is lower than 80%, then increase the number of principal component components to three or re-evaluate the interference factor extraction logic. The re-evaluation method is to check whether there are abnormal eigenvalues or data acquisition errors in the covariance matrix.

[0028] Based on the first two principal component components, construct a two-dimensional polarization state feature space. The horizontal axis of the two-dimensional space corresponds to the direction of the first principal component component, and the vertical axis corresponds to the direction of the second principal component component. The coordinates of each sampling point are obtained by projecting the four-dimensional Stokes parameter vector onto the two principal component directions. The calculation formula for the projection value is: the abscissa is equal to the dot product of the Stokes parameter vector and the first principal component eigenvector, and the ordinate is equal to the dot product of the Stokes parameter vector and the second principal component eigenvector. The unit of the projection value is dimensionless, and the numerical range is normalized to -100 to 100 according to the actual data. Through dimensionality reduction mapping, the complex four-dimensional polarization state data is simplified into a two-dimensional visualization space, which is convenient for subsequent identification of distortion regions.

[0029] In the two-dimensional polarization state feature space, the region where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold is marked as the distortion region. The preset threshold is set based on the light response sensitivity of Dendrobium officinale and the requirement for polarization state stability, and is specifically calibrated through the following experiment: Under interference-free conditions, measure the change curves of the photosynthetic rate and polysaccharide synthesis rate of Dendrobium officinale leaves with respect to the polarization state parameters, determine the polarization state parameter interval when the photosynthetic rate and polysaccharide synthesis rate are the largest, and use the boundary values of this interval as the preset threshold. For example, the threshold range for the first principal component is -50 to 50, and the threshold range for the second principal component is -30 to 30. If the abscissa of a sampling point exceeds -50 to 50 or the ordinate exceeds -30 to 30, it is marked as the distortion region. During the marking process, the connected component analysis algorithm in image processing is used to identify discrete clusters of distortion points, and the neighborhood determination distance in the algorithm is 5 cm.

[0030] Based on the spatial distribution density and boundary continuity of the distortion regions, adjacent distortion regions with a density higher than the critical value are merged. The calculation method of the spatial distribution density is: count the number of distortion regions per square meter, and the density critical value is set to 5 per square meter. The judgment basis for boundary continuity is that the Euclidean distance between the center points of adjacent distortion regions does not exceed 10 cm. The merging logic is: if the distance between the center points of two distortion regions is less than 10 cm and the density of the merged region is higher than 5 per square meter, then the two are merged into a single continuous region. The final set of distortion regions is generated after merging for subsequent extraction of interference factors. During the merging process, morphological dilation operations are used to fill the gaps in the regions, and the kernel size of the dilation operation is 3 cm × 3 cm.

[0031] To verify the accuracy of the polarization state distortion matrix, known interference sources are artificially introduced in the plant factory and the marking results of the distortion regions are measured. Experiment 1: Place a metal reflector 30 cm to the side of the cultivation area. The size of the reflector is 50 cm × 50 cm, and the reflective surface makes an angle of 30° with the incident light direction. The measurement results show that 95% of the distortion regions are distributed within the range of ±15 cm around the reflector, overlapping with the area covered by the reflected light of the reflector. Experiment 2: Install a water mist spraying device above the cultivation area, with a spraying intensity of 5 L / h and a water mist particle size of 10 - 50 μm. The measurement results show that 85% of the distortion regions overlap with the area covered by the water mist, and the unmarked regions are mainly distributed in positions with lower water mist concentration.

[0032] In the case of extreme interference, if more than 80% of the sampling points are marked as distorted areas, the alarm mechanism is triggered and the global light environment calibration mode is started. In the calibration mode, the real-time compensation process is paused and the reference Stokes parameters are re-acquired. The acquisition conditions for the reference parameters are to turn off all interference sources and maintain the basic light intensity at 500 W / m². After the acquisition is completed, the covariance matrix and the principal component components are updated to ensure that the system adapts to the dynamically changing interference environment. The eigenvalue distribution of the calibrated covariance matrix should satisfy that the variance contribution rates of the first two principal components are greater than 80%, otherwise a hardware failure or environmental anomaly is prompted.

[0033] When extracting the interference factors based on the polarization state distortion matrix and the distorted area, first obtain the polarization state distortion matrix and the final distorted area set from step S2. The polarization state distortion matrix is a 4x4 covariance matrix, which characterizes the statistical distribution characteristics of the Stokes parameters S0, S1, S2, and S3. The dimension of the matrix elements is W² / m 4 . The distorted area set is the area merged by the spatial distribution density and the boundary continuity. The boundary coordinates of the area are represented in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the cultivation area. The origin of the coordinate system is set at the center of the cultivation bed surface. The X-axis is parallel to the growth direction of the main stem of Dendrobium officinale, the Y-axis is perpendicular to the growth direction of the main stem, the Z-axis is vertically upward, and the unit of the coordinate system is meter.

[0034] Decompose the polarization state distortion matrix into the reflection path component and the medium scattering component. The extraction method for the reflection path component is as follows: perform principal component analysis on the polarization state distortion matrix, select the direction of the eigenvector with the highest variance contribution rate, and perform an association mapping between it and the light source incident angle. The light source incident angle is calculated through the geometric relationship between the installation position of the laser light source and the center point of the distorted area. The calculation formula is incident angle = arctan(light source height / horizontal distance), where the light source height is the vertical distance from the center point of the laser light source to the cultivation bed surface, and the horizontal distance is the horizontal projection distance from the center point of the light source to the center point of the distorted area. If the angle deviation between the direction of the eigenvector and the incident angle direction is less than 5°, it is determined that this component is dominated by the reflection path; if the angle deviation is greater than 15°, it is determined to be dominated by scattering or other interference. For example, if the light source height is 1.5 m, the horizontal distance is 2.0 m, the incident angle is 36.87°, and the angle deviation between the direction of the eigenvector and the incident angle is 3°, it is determined to be dominated by the reflection path.

[0035] Based on the spatial distribution of the distortion region and the deviation direction of the Stokes parameters, the reflection path distribution is calculated through geometric inversion. The geometric inversion method is as follows: taking the center point of the distortion region as the reflection point, combining the incident angle of the light source and the law of reflection, calculate the position, inclination angle and reflection optical path difference of the reflecting surface. The formula of the law of reflection is that the incident angle is equal to the reflection angle, and the reflection angle is the angle between the normal of the reflecting surface and the reflected light. The reflection optical path difference is the sum of the distance from the light source to the reflecting surface and the distance from the reflecting surface to the sampling point, and the calculation formula is optical path difference = distance from the light source to the reflecting surface + distance from the reflecting surface to the sampling point, and the unit of distance is meter. For example, the distance from the light source to the reflecting surface is 1.2m, the distance from the reflecting surface to the sampling point is 0.8m, the optical path difference is 2.0m, the inclination angle of the reflecting surface is 30°, and the position coordinates are (0.5m, 0.3m, 0.2m).

[0036] According to the correlation between the medium scattering component and the Stokes parameter S3 component, combined with the light attenuation model, the medium scattering coefficient is inverted. The light attenuation model is based on the exponential attenuation law of light intensity with the propagation distance, and the formula is that the attenuated light intensity is equal to the initial light intensity multiplied by the negative scattering coefficient of the natural constant e to the power of the propagation distance. The inversion method of the scattering coefficient is as follows: substituting the covariance value of the Stokes parameter S3 component and the medium scattering component into the attenuation model, and solving the scattering coefficient by least squares fitting. The objective function of the least squares method is to minimize the sum of the squares of the residuals between the actual measured light intensity and the model predicted light intensity. The unit of the scattering coefficient is m -1 , and the numerical range is 0.1m -1 to 1.0m -1 , and the specific value is related to the medium type and its concentration. For example, when the water mist concentration is 5g / m³, the scattering coefficient is 0.5m -1 ; when the dust concentration is 10g / m³, the scattering coefficient is 0.8m -1 .

[0037] Fusing the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient to generate a comprehensive interference factor. The fusion method is to normalize and weight the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient, and the weights are set according to the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering in the distortion region. The contribution ratio is calculated by the variance ratio of the reflection path component and the medium scattering component in the principal component analysis. The variance ratio is the ratio of the variance value of each component to the total variance value, and the total variance value is the sum of the variance values of all components. For example, if the variance value of the reflection path component is 1200W² / m 4 , the variance value of the medium scattering component is 800W² / m 4 , and the total variance value is 2000W² / m 4Then the reflection path weight is 1200 / 2000 = 0.6, and the medium scattering weight is 800 / 2000 = 0.4. The normalization weighting formula is that the comprehensive interference factor is equal to the reflection path distribution multiplied by the reflection path weight plus the medium scattering coefficient multiplied by the medium scattering weight, and the sum of the weights is 1, ensuring that the comprehensive interference factor is a dimensionless parameter.

[0038] In extreme cases, if the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering is close to 50% (such as the calculated weight values are 0.48 and 0.52), and the weight error exceeds ±10%, the calibration mechanism is triggered. The calibration mechanism includes re-acquiring the polarization state distortion matrix and optimizing the principal component analysis parameters. When re-acquiring, increase the sampling point density to 30 per square meter, the sampling point distribution method is a uniform grid distribution, the grid spacing is 5 cm, and the data acquisition time is extended to 10 minutes to improve statistical significance. The optimized principal component analysis needs to ensure that the sum of the variance contribution rates of the first two principal components is greater than 85%, and the weight error is controlled within ±5%. If the error requirement still cannot be met after calibration, it is prompted that the environmental interference exceeds the system compensation ability, and manual intervention is required to adjust the light source or environmental parameters.

[0039] When generating the polarization state compensation parameters by analyzing the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factor through non-linear iteration, first obtain the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient from step S3. The reflection path distribution includes the position, inclination angle of the reflection surface, and the reflection optical path difference. The unit of the reflection optical path difference is meters, and the numerical range is from 0.5 meters to 3.0 meters; the unit of the medium scattering coefficient is reciprocal per meter (m -1 )), and the numerical range is from 0.1 m -1 to 1.0 m -1 , and the specific value is determined by the concentration of water mist or dust.

[0040] Construct a cross-correlation matrix based on the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient. The dimension of the cross-correlation matrix is N rows and N columns, where N is the number of discrete sampling points of the reflection path optical path difference and the medium scattering coefficient. The number of sampling points is set to 20 to 30 per square meter according to the area of the cultivation area. The value of the matrix element is the covariance between the reflection path optical path difference and the medium scattering coefficient. The calculation formula of the covariance is: the covariance value is equal to the reflection path optical path difference minus its mean value, multiplied by the medium scattering coefficient minus its mean value, and then taking the arithmetic mean of all sampling points. The mean value calculation method is to sum the reflection path optical path difference and the medium scattering coefficient respectively and then divide by the total number of sampling points. For example, if the mean value of the reflection optical path difference is 1.5 meters and the mean value of the medium scattering coefficient is 0.5 m -1 , then the covariance value reflects the linear correlation between the two.

[0041] According to the singular value decomposition result of the cross-correlation matrix, the coupling weights between the reflection path and the scattering medium are extracted. The implementation of singular value decomposition is as follows: the cross-correlation matrix is decomposed into the product of three matrices, namely the left singular vector matrix, the singular value diagonal matrix, and the right singular vector matrix. The coupling weights are calculated by multiplying the left and right singular vectors corresponding to the largest singular value. The calculation formula is: the coupling weight is equal to the sum of the products of the corresponding elements of the first column of the left singular vector and the first column of the right singular vector, and then multiplied by the largest singular value. The dimension of the coupling weight is dimensionless, and the numerical range is from 0 to 1, and the sum of the weights is 1. For example, if the first column of the left singular vector is [0.8, 0.2], the first column of the right singular vector is [0.7, 0.3], and the largest singular value is 1.5, then the coupling weight is (0.8×0.7 + 0.2×0.3) ×1.5 = 0.99. After normalization, the reflection path weight is 0.65, and the scattering medium weight is 0.35.

[0042] Through the nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm, with the coupling weights as the constraint conditions, the objective function for iteratively solving the polarization state compensation parameters is calculated. The objective function is defined as minimizing the sum of the squares of the residual polarization errors. The residual polarization error is the difference between the actually measured polarization state and the compensated polarization state, and the unit of the difference is percentage. The nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm uses the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and the iterative formula is: the parameter update amount is equal to the inverse matrix of the product of the transpose of the Jacobian matrix and the Jacobian matrix plus the damping coefficient multiplied by the identity matrix, and then multiplied by the transpose of the Jacobian matrix and the residual error vector. The initial damping coefficient is set to 0.01, and the iteration termination condition is that the residual error is less than the preset convergence threshold of 1×10⁻ 5 or reaching the maximum number of iterations of 100 times. Each element of the Jacobian matrix is the partial derivative of the residual error with respect to the polarization state compensation parameter, and the partial derivative is calculated by the numerical difference method with a step size of 0.001.

[0043] In each iteration, the optimization step size is dynamically adjusted according to the gradient of the objective function. The gradient is calculated by the Jacobian matrix, and the gradient direction is the direction in which the residual error decreases fastest. The step size adjustment logic is: if the residual error of the current iteration is less than the error of the previous iteration, the damping coefficient is reduced to one-tenth of the original value to accelerate convergence; if the residual error increases, the damping coefficient is increased to ten times the original value to stabilize the search direction. For example, if the initial damping coefficient is 0.01, if the error decreases, it is adjusted to 0.001; if the error increases, it is adjusted to 0.1.

[0044] To verify the accuracy of the polarization state compensation parameters, different interference scenarios are set in the plant factory and the compensation effects are measured. Experiment 1: A metal reflector is placed 50 cm to the side of the cultivation area, the inclination angle of the reflector is 30 degrees, the reflection optical path difference is 2.0 m, and the medium scattering coefficient is 0.3m -1After compensation, the polarization state error is reduced from 15% to 3%, and the sum of squares of the residual errors is 0.09. Experiment 2: Turn on the water mist spraying device with a water mist concentration of 5 grams per cubic meter and a scattering coefficient of 0.5 m -1 , and turn off the reflector. After compensation, the polarization state error is reduced from 20% to 4%, and the sum of squares of the residual errors is 0.16. The experimental data show that the method can effectively suppress the polarization state distortion caused by environmental interference.

[0045] In extreme cases, if the number of iterations exceeds 100 times and still does not converge, an exception handling mechanism is triggered. Exception handling includes resetting the damping coefficient to the initial value of 0.01 and expanding the sampling range of the reflection path and the scattering coefficient to 50 points per square meter to enhance the statistical significance of the data. If convergence still cannot be achieved, a calibration failure is prompted and an alarm log is generated, and manual intervention is required to check the light source position or the distribution of environmental interference sources. The criterion for calibration failure is that the residual error is greater than 5% or the weight calculation deviation exceeds ±10%.

[0046] In a complex optical environment, traditional optical compensation methods usually independently handle reflection or scattering interference, resulting in a mismatch between the compensation parameters and the real physical scenario. By constructing the cross-correlation matrix of the reflection path and the scattering medium, quantifying the combined effect of the coupling between the two on the polarization state distortion, and extracting the dominant interference modes by combining singular value decomposition, the limitation of single-factor analysis is broken through; further, a non-linear optimization algorithm with dynamic step size adjustment is adopted to adaptively balance the convergence speed and stability according to the error gradient, avoiding local optimality or oscillation caused by a fixed step size. Compared with the existing technology, by coupling weight constraints and joint probability modeling, the contribution ratio of the main interference sources is accurately identified, making the compensation parameters more suitable for the actual environmental interference distribution, and significantly improving the accuracy and robustness of polarization state regulation.

[0047] When adjusting the emission direction angle and the phase delay amount of the laser light source according to the polarization state compensation parameters, first obtain the polarization state compensation parameters from step S4. The polarization state compensation parameters include the emission direction angle correction amount, the phase delay amount, and the contribution ratio weights of reflection and scattering. The unit of the emission direction angle correction amount is degrees, and the numerical range is -15° to +15°. The unit of the phase delay amount is radians, and the numerical range is 0 to π. The weight dimension is dimensionless, and the numerical range is 0 to 1.

[0048] Map the polarization state compensation parameters to the azimuth coordinate system of the laser source. The azimuth coordinate system takes the center of the laser source as the origin, the X-axis is parallel to the culture bed surface, the Y-axis is perpendicular to the culture bed surface, and the Z-axis is along the beam propagation direction. The mapping method is as follows: According to the direction angle correction amount in the compensation parameters, calculate the real-time adjustment angle of the laser source through the proportional-integral-differential control algorithm. The proportional coefficient of the proportional-integral-differential control algorithm is set to 0.5, the integral coefficient is 0.1, and the differential coefficient is 0.05. The parameter setting is based on the response speed and stability requirements of the light source mechanical structure. Specifically, determine the ratio of the proportional coefficient to the integral coefficient through a step response experiment, and optimize the differential coefficient through a damped oscillation test. For example, in the step response experiment, if it takes 2 seconds for the light source to adjust from 0° to 10° and the overshoot is less than 5%, the proportional coefficient is set to 0.5 to balance speed and stability.

[0049] According to the change gradient of the phase delay amount in the compensation parameters, dynamically adjust the refractive index of the laser crystal through a piezoelectric ceramic actuator. The voltage input range of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is 0 - 10V. The relationship between the voltage change amount and the phase delay amount is: phase delay amount = voltage × piezoelectric coefficient × crystal length, where the piezoelectric coefficient is 200 pm / V and the crystal length is 5 mm. The piezoelectric coefficient and the crystal length are obtained from the technical manual of the laser crystal supplier. For example, if a phase delay of π / 2 radians needs to be generated, the voltage value is calculated as (π / 2) / (200e-12×5e-3) = 7.85V. During the adjustment process, the phase delay amount is monitored in real time through closed-loop feedback control. The sampling frequency is 1 kHz, and the monitoring error is less than 0.01 radians. The closed-loop feedback control uses a differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. The gain of the differential amplifier is 100 times, and the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter is 16 bits.

[0050] Based on the deviation between the target polarization state optical signal with real-time feedback and the preset polarization state parameters, fine-tune the cooperation weight of the emission direction angle and the phase delay amount. The weight is dynamically allocated according to the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering in the compensation parameters. The allocation formula is: direction angle weight = reflection contribution ratio / (reflection contribution ratio + scattering contribution ratio), phase delay weight = scattering contribution ratio / (reflection contribution ratio + scattering contribution ratio). For example, if the reflection contribution ratio is 0.7 and the scattering contribution ratio is 0.3, the direction angle weight is 0.7 and the phase delay weight is 0.3. The fine-tuning logic is: If the S1 or S2 component in the polarization state deviation with real-time feedback exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the reflection interference is dominant, and the direction angle weight is increased by 10%; if the S3 component exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the scattering interference is dominant, and the phase delay weight is increased by 10%.

[0051] The adjusted emission direction angle and phase delay are coupled through a polarization beam combiner to generate a target polarization state optical signal. The input ports of the polarization beam combiner receive linearly polarized light with adjusted direction angle and circularly polarized light with phase delay respectively, and the coupling method is orthogonal polarization superposition. The superimposed optical signal is verified for its Stokes parameters through a polarization beam splitter. The verification method is: measuring the S1, S2, and S3 components and comparing them with preset thresholds. The threshold ranges are S1 = ±10%, S2 = ±10%, and S3 = ±5%. For example, if the measured S1 = 8%, S2 = 9%, and S3 = 4%, it is determined to meet the preset standard. During the verification process, the calibration accuracy of the polarization beam splitter is ±1%, and the calibration method is to generate a known polarization state through a combination of a standard polarizer and a quarter-wave plate for calibration.

[0052] To verify the adjustment effect, different interference scenarios are set up in the plant factory and the accuracy of the target optical signal is measured. Experiment 1: Reflection-dominated scenario (reflection weight 0.8). After compensation, the direction angle error is reduced from 3° to 0.5°, the phase delay error is reduced from 0.1 radian to 0.02 radian, and the deviation of the Stokes parameters is less than 2%. Experiment 2: Scattering-dominated scenario (scattering weight 0.7). The phase delay error is reduced from 0.15 radian to 0.03 radian, the influence of the direction angle error is negligible, and the deviation of the Stokes parameters is less than 3%. The experimental data is averaged by three repeated measurements, and the standard deviation is less than 0.5%.

[0053] In extreme cases, if the output angle of the proportional-integral-differential control algorithm exceeds the mechanical structure limit of ±15°, the protection mechanism is triggered. The protection mechanism includes: locking the current angle and switching to the manual calibration mode. In the manual calibration mode, the light source angle is finely adjusted through a knob, with a step of 0.1° each time, and a fault log is generated to prompt an abnormal hardware limit. If the deviation of the Stokes parameters of the optical signal output by the polarization beam combiner continuously exceeds the threshold of 5%, the redundant light source switching process is started, the standby laser light source is enabled, and the compensation parameters are re-initialized. The wavelength of the standby light source is the same as that of the main light source, the power deviation is less than 1%, and the switching time is 100 milliseconds.

[0054] When verifying the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state optical signal in the leaf tissue of Dendrobium officinale through colorimetry, first, a multi-angle spectrophotometer is arranged on the surface of the Dendrobium officinale leaf. The fiber optic probes of the multi-angle spectrophotometer are installed on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf in a uniform grid distribution manner. The grid spacing is set to 5 mm, the coverage area of each probe is a circular area with a diameter of 2 mm, and the installation direction of the probe is consistent with the normal direction of the leaf surface to ensure that the optical signal acquisition direction is perpendicular to the leaf tissue. The spectral wavelength range of the spectrophotometer is set from 400 nm to 800 nm, covering the visible to near-infrared bands. The spectral resolution is set to 1 nm, the light intensity measurement unit is watt per square meter (W / m²), the sampling interval is 5 nm, and the data acquisition time is set to 5 s to balance the signal-to-noise ratio and real-time requirements.

[0055] The light intensity distribution based on the transmission spectrum is used to calculate the penetration uniformity. The calculation formula for penetration uniformity is: uniformity is equal to the standard deviation of the light intensity at each wavelength divided by the average light intensity and then multiplied by 100%. The mean square error threshold is set to 15% of the average light intensity. The threshold setting is based on the experimental data of the light absorption characteristics of Dendrobium officinale leaves and is determined specifically through the following method: Under interference-free conditions, the transmission spectra of 10 healthy Dendrobium officinale leaves are collected, the uniformity distribution is calculated, and the upper limit value of the 95% confidence interval is taken as the threshold. For example, if the average light intensity of a healthy leaf is 50 W / m² and the standard deviation is 5 W / m², then the uniformity is (5 / 50)×100% = 10%, and the threshold is conservatively set to 15% to tolerate environmental fluctuations.

[0056] If the penetration uniformity exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the preset standard is not met. Extract the deviation direction of the Stokes parameters corresponding to the wavelength range with the worst penetration uniformity. The extraction method is: divide the 400 - 800 nm spectrum into 8 sub-ranges at 50 nm intervals (400 - 450 nm, 450 - 500 nm... 750 - 800 nm), calculate the uniformity value of each sub-range, screen the sub-range with the largest uniformity value (such as 550 - 600 nm), and extract the deviation directions of the S1, S2, and S3 components of the Stokes parameters corresponding to this range. The deviation direction is determined by comparing the signs of the measured Stokes parameters and the preset values. For example, if the measured value of the S1 component is 10% higher than the preset value, the deviation direction is positive; if it is 15% lower, it is negative. The deviation direction determination rule is: when the absolute value of the deviation is greater than 5%, it is regarded as a valid direction, otherwise it is ignored.

[0057] According to the deviation direction, the covariance weight of the polarization state distortion matrix is corrected in the reverse direction. The reverse correction method is: convert the deviation direction into the weight adjustment coefficient of the covariance matrix, and the adjustment coefficient is the product of the reciprocal of the deviation direction and the current weight. For example, if the deviation direction of the S1 component is positive +10%, the weight adjustment coefficient is -0.1, and the weight of the elements related to S1 in the covariance matrix is updated to the original weight multiplied by 0.9. The corrected covariance matrix is used to generate an updated set of distortion regions. The update logic is: recalculate the variance contribution rate of the principal component analysis, merge the distortion regions after weight adjustment, and eliminate the secondary interference regions with weights lower than 5%. The elimination rule is: if the weight of a certain region is lower than 5% after three consecutive calibrations, it is permanently eliminated and marked as a low-interference region.

[0058] To verify the calibration effect of the penetration uniformity, two test scenarios are set up in the plant factory. Experiment 1: Uniformity compliance scenario (mean square error 12%). The system determines that no recalibration is required, the light formula parameters remain unchanged, the deviation of the Stokes parameters is stable within ±3%, and the average photosynthetic rate of the leaves is maintained at 20 μmol / m² / s.

[0059] Experiment 2: In the scenario of excessive uniformity (mean square deviation of 18%), the system extracts a deviation direction of +12% in the S1 positive direction in the 550 - 600 nm interval. After reverse - correcting the covariance weight, the number of recalibrated distortion regions decreases by 30%, the uniformity drops to 13%, meeting the threshold requirement, and the photosynthetic rate recovers to 19 μmol / m² / s. The experimental data is averaged by taking five repeated measurements, and the standard deviation is less than 1%, and the data reproducibility meets the industrial standard.

[0060] In extreme cases, if the penetration uniformity still exceeds the threshold after recalibration, the depth calibration mode is triggered. The depth calibration mode includes: increasing the sampling point density of the spectrophotometer to 50 points per square meter, shortening the wavelength interval to 1 nm, and extending the data acquisition time to 10 minutes to improve the signal - to - noise ratio. If the standard still cannot be met after three depth calibrations (such as the mean square deviation continuously being higher than 15%), an alarm log is generated and it is recommended to manually check the leaf health status or the distribution of environmental interference sources. The manual inspection process includes: using a handheld spectrometer to verify the leaf transmission uniformity, checking whether the deviation of the light source installation angle exceeds ±2°, and detecting whether the humidity in the cultivation area exceeds 80% resulting in abnormal water mist scattering.

[0061] In a plant factory, traditional light regulation methods usually independently handle the polarization state stability and light signal penetrability, resulting in the disconnection between light formula parameters and actual environmental interference. In this embodiment, through the coupling of the polarization state distortion matrix and non - linear iterative analysis, physical characteristics such as the reflection path distribution and medium scattering coefficient are correlated and modeled with the statistical distribution of Stokes parameters, breaking through the limitation of single - parameter independent compensation; based on the cross - correlation matrix and singular value decomposition to extract the coupling weights of interference factors, combined with the dynamic step - size optimization algorithm, accurate generation of polarization state compensation parameters in complex interference scenarios is achieved. Especially through the verification and feedback mechanism of colorimetric penetration uniformity, the covariance weight is reversely corrected and the distortion region is iteratively calibrated to form a closed - loop control logic, solving the technical bottleneck of error accumulation in traditional open - loop calibration. Through the dynamic decomposition and reconstruction of the polarization state distortion matrix, combined with physical models (reflection geometry, light attenuation law) and statistical methods (covariance analysis, principal component dimensionality reduction), quantitative analysis of environmental interference and directional correction of compensation parameters are realized. Transforming the polarization state regulation from a single optical problem into a cross - domain collaboration of physical interference modeling and dynamic optimization enables the light formula generation process to have both optical measurement accuracy and complex environment adaptability, improving the reliability of large - scale light regulation in plant factories.

[0062] Embodiment 2: Figure 2 The structural schematic diagram of the light formula generation system based on the synthesis of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide according to the present invention is given. The light formula generation system based on the synthesis of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide includes the following modules: A polarization sensing module for obtaining in real time the polarization state parameters of the optical signal in the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale in a plant factory, where the polarization state parameters of the optical signal include Stokes parameters; A distortion modeling module for constructing a polarization state distortion matrix based on the Stokes parameters and identifying the distortion areas where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset thresholds; An interference analysis module for extracting interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment according to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion areas; An iterative compensation module for generating polarization state compensation parameters by non-linearly iteratively analyzing the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factors; A signal generation module for adjusting the emission direction angle and the phase delay amount of a laser light source according to the polarization state compensation parameters to generate a target polarization state optical signal; A feedback calibration module for verifying the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state optical signal in the leaf tissue of Dendrobium officinale by colorimetry, and if the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, recalibrating the polarization state distortion matrix.

[0063] The calculations involved in the embodiments are all dimensionless numerical calculations, and the preset parameters and threshold selections in the calculations are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0064] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.

[0065] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the modules and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or by a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and the inventive constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0066] In addition, the various functional modules in the embodiments of the present application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically alone, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0067] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of the devices or modules can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0068] As described above, this is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0069] Finally: The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. In a plant factory, the polarization state parameters of the light signal in the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale are obtained in real time. The polarization state parameters of the light signal include Stokes parameters; S2. Based on the Stokes parameters, a polarization state distortion matrix is constructed to identify the distortion areas where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold; S3. According to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion areas, interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment are extracted; S4. Through non-linear iterative analysis of the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factors, polarization state compensation parameters are generated; S5. According to the polarization state compensation parameters, the emission direction angle and the phase delay amount of the laser light source are adjusted to generate a target polarization state light signal, including: Mapping the polarization state compensation parameters to the azimuth coordinate system of the laser light source, and adjusting the emission direction angle based on the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm to align the light source axis with the propagation direction of the target polarization state light signal; According to the change gradient of the phase delay amount in the compensation parameters, the refractive index of the laser crystal is dynamically adjusted by a piezoelectric ceramic driver to generate a target phase delay amount; Based on the deviation between the target polarization state light signal and the preset polarization state parameters in real-time feedback, the cooperation weight of the emission direction angle and the phase delay amount is fine-tuned, and the weight is dynamically allocated according to the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering in the compensation parameters; The adjusted emission direction angle and phase delay amount are coupled through a polarization beam combiner to generate a target polarization state light signal, and the consistency between its Stokes parameters and the preset threshold is verified; S6. The penetration uniformity of the target polarization state light signal in the leaf tissue of Dendrobium officinale is verified by colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, the polarization state distortion matrix is recalibrated.

2. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In a plant factory, the polarization state parameters of the light signal in the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale are obtained in real time. The polarization state parameters of the light signal include Stokes parameters, including: A polarization sensor array is arranged above and on the side of the cultivation area of Dendrobium officinale; The incident light signal within a preset wavelength range is collected through the polarization sensor array; The incident light signal is subjected to spectral splitting and filtering processing to separate the characteristic spectral bands related to the calculation of Stokes parameters; Based on the light intensity distribution and phase difference of the characteristic spectral bands, the S0, S1, S2, and S3 components in the Stokes parameters are calculated.

3. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 2, wherein Based on the Stokes parameters, a polarization state distortion matrix is constructed to identify the distortion areas where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold, including: Based on the S0, S1, S2, and S3 components in the Stokes parameters, the covariance matrix between the components is calculated. The covariance matrix characterizes the statistical distribution characteristics of the polarization state of the light signal; Principal component analysis is performed on the covariance matrix to extract the first two principal component components and construct a two-dimensional polarization state feature space; In the two-dimensional polarization state feature space, the areas where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold are marked as distortion areas; Based on the spatial distribution density and boundary continuity of the distortion areas, adjacent distortion areas with a density higher than the critical value are merged to generate the final set of distortion areas.

4. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 3, wherein The setting basis of the preset threshold is the light response sensitivity of Dendrobium officinale and the requirement of polarization state stability.

5. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 4, wherein According to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion areas, interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment are extracted, including: The polarization state distortion matrix is decomposed into a reflection path component and a medium scattering component. The reflection path component is extracted through the correlation mapping between the direction of the high-variance eigenvector in the principal component analysis and the incident angle of the light source. Based on the spatial distribution of the distortion region and the deviation direction of the Stokes parameters, the reflection path distribution is calculated through geometric inversion. According to the correlation between the medium scattering component and the S3 component of the Stokes parameters, combined with the light attenuation model, the medium scattering coefficient is inverted. The light attenuation model is established based on the exponential attenuation law of light intensity with the propagation distance. The reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient are fused to generate a comprehensive interference factor. The fusion method is to normalize and weight the two factors, and the weights are set according to the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering in the distortion region.

6. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 5, wherein The reflection path distribution includes the position, inclination angle, and reflection optical path difference of the reflecting surface.

7. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 6, wherein, Through non-linear iterative analysis of the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factor, polarization state compensation parameters are generated, including: A cross-correlation matrix is constructed based on the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient. The cross-correlation matrix characterizes the joint probability distribution of the reflection path optical path difference and the scattering coefficient. According to the singular value decomposition result of the cross-correlation matrix, the coupling weights of the reflection path and the scattering medium are extracted. The coupling weights represent the contribution ratio of reflection and scattering to the polarization state distortion. Through the non-linear least squares optimization algorithm, with the coupling weights as the constraint conditions, the objective function of the polarization state compensation parameters is iteratively solved. The objective function is to minimize the sum of the squares of the residual polarization errors. In each iteration, the optimization step size is dynamically adjusted according to the gradient of the objective function until the residual error is lower than the preset convergence threshold, and the final polarization state compensation parameters are output.

8. The method for generating a light formula based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale as claimed in claim 7, wherein, The penetration uniformity of the target polarization state optical signal in the Dendrobium officinale leaf tissue is verified by colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity does not meet the preset standard, the polarization state distortion matrix is recalibrated, including: A multi-angle spectrophotometer is arranged on the surface of the Dendrobium officinale leaf to collect the transmission spectrum of the target polarization state optical signal in the leaf tissue. The penetration uniformity is calculated based on the light intensity distribution of the transmission spectrum. The penetration uniformity is the ratio of the mean square deviation of the light intensity at each wavelength to the average light intensity. If the penetration uniformity exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the preset standard is not met, and the deviation direction of the Stokes parameters corresponding to the wavelength range with the worst penetration uniformity is extracted. According to the deviation direction, the covariance weight of the polarization state distortion matrix is corrected in the reverse direction, and an updated set of distortion regions is generated and returned for recalibration.

9. A light formula generation system based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale, which is used to implement the light formula generation method based on the synthesis of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following modules: A polarization sensing module for real-time acquisition of the polarization state parameters of the optical signal in the Dendrobium officinale cultivation area in the plant factory. The polarization state parameters of the optical signal include Stokes parameters. A distortion modeling module for constructing a polarization state distortion matrix based on the Stokes parameters and identifying the distortion regions where the Stokes parameters deviate from the preset threshold. An interference analysis module for extracting interference factors related to the physical characteristics of the cultivation environment according to the polarization state distortion matrix and the distortion regions. An iterative compensation module for generating polarization state compensation parameters through non-linear iterative analysis of the cross-correlation characteristics between the reflection path distribution and the medium scattering coefficient in the interference factor. A signal generation module, configured to adjust the emission direction angle and phase delay amount of a laser light source according to polarization state compensation parameters, so as to generate a target polarization state optical signal; A feedback calibration module, configured to verify the penetration uniformity of the target polarization state optical signal in the Dendrobium officinale leaf tissue by means of colorimetry. If the penetration uniformity fails to reach the preset standard, the polarization state distortion matrix is recalibrated.

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