Data transmission method and device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a data transmission method and device, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the coding of data, obtaining a coding sequence of each bit in the data, enabling any coding sequence to comprise one or more code elements, enabling any code element to comprise a vacant bit, and transmitting a signal according to the coding sequence. According to the method, the vacant bits are inserted into the coding sequences of the multiple reflection devices, so that the influence of interference caused by time desynchrony among the reflection signals of the multiple reflection devices is reduced, the probability of decoding errors is reduced, and the decoding performance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and apparatus. Background Art

[0002] In some communication networks, such as networks of Internet of Things devices and passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, there are multiple devices that need to send data, and at the same time, the devices have strict requirements for power consumption and cost. In these networks, backscatter technology can be used for communication to reduce the power consumption and cost of the system. In backscatter technology, a device that needs to send data can be called a reflection device. Multiple reflection devices modulate data onto the amplitude or phase of a radio frequency signal in the environment, and then send the modulated reflection signal to a receiving end (such as an RFID reader, etc.). After decoding by the receiving end, the data of the reflection device is obtained, thereby completing information transmission.

[0003] However, in a communication system with multiple reflection devices, when using backscatter technology, the bit error rate of decoding at the receiving end is high, and the overall decoding performance of the system is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and apparatus, which are applied to the field of communication technologies and help improve the decoding performance of the system.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application propose a data transmission method. This method can be executed by a reflection device or a chip in the reflection device. The method includes: encoding data to obtain an encoding sequence of each bit in the data, where any encoding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes an empty position; sending a signal according to the encoding sequence.

[0006] Through the data transmission method provided by the embodiments of this application, by inserting empty positions in the encoding sequence of the reflection device, during the time corresponding to the empty positions, the reflection device does not send a reflection signal, which can reduce interference with other reflection signals. In this way, in a scenario where multiple reflection devices send data through backscatter technology, when the receiving machine receives the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices, the influence of interference caused by time asynchronization between the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices is reduced, thereby reducing the probability of decoding errors and improving the system decoding performance.

[0007] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the code element includes a basic code element and an empty position. The basic code element is used to indicate the value of each bit in the data, and the empty position is located after the basic code element.

[0008] In this way, the reflection device can clearly determine the relative positions of the basic symbol and the vacant positions, which helps to effectively encode the data and reduce the encoding complexity. Correspondingly, the receiver can, based on the format of this determined encoding sequence, reduce the computational complexity and processing time, and more efficiently decode the signal.

[0009] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the encoding sequence is obtained by encoding data according to an encoding rule, and the encoding rule is used to indicate the length of the encoding sequence.

[0010] In this way, the reflection device can encode each bit in the data into an encoding sequence according to the determined length, enabling the reflection device to use the determined resources allocated for the data, such as time resources, and the radio frequency signal corresponding to the length of the encoding sequence. Correspondingly, the clear encoding sequence length enables the receiver to accurately identify the boundaries of each encoding sequence, thus simplifying the decoding process and helping to improve the decoding speed and efficiency.

[0011] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the encoding rule is further used to indicate the number of vacant positions in the symbol.

[0012] In this way, the reflection device can obtain the number of vacant positions included in the symbol, and in combination with the basic symbol, can determine the format of the extended symbol, and then effectively encode the data. Correspondingly, when the receiver obtains the decoding rule corresponding to the encoding rule, it can also determine the format of the extended symbol, making the decoding process simpler and faster, and reducing the decoding complexity.

[0013] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the number of vacant positions in the symbol satisfies the following relationship: the number of vacant positions = 2×(k - 1) - 1, where k is a value used to indicate the reflection device, the reflection device is the device for encoding the data, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0014] In this way, each symbol in the encoding sequence includes an odd number of vacant positions, while the basic symbol includes an even number of chips. When the reflection signals of different reflection devices are offset by an even number of chips, it can reduce the possibility that the basic symbols in the encoding sequences of multiple reflection devices completely overlap, thereby reducing the signal interference in this case and reducing the decoding error rate.

[0015] Based on the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, before sending a signal according to the encoding sequence, it further includes: receiving a radio frequency signal; sending a signal according to the encoding sequence, including: amplitude modulating the radio frequency signal according to the encoding sequence to obtain a signal; sending the signal.

[0016] In this way, by modulating the amplitude of the radio frequency signal, the reflection device can carry data in the modulated radio frequency signal and effectively transmit it to the receiver. Moreover, the amplitude modulation technique is relatively simple and easy to implement, reducing the complexity of data processing of the reflection device and saving costs.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. This method can be executed by a receiving end or a chip in the receiving end. The method includes: receiving a signal, where the signal is obtained according to a coding sequence, any coding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes vacant bits; and decoding the signal.

[0018] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the signal is used to carry data of the reflection device, the code element is composed of a basic code element and vacant bits, the basic code element is used to indicate the values of each bit in the data, and the vacant bits are located after the basic code element.

[0019] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the coding sequence is obtained by encoding each bit in the data according to a coding rule, and the coding rule is used to indicate the length of the coding sequence.

[0020] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the receiving end is used to receive signals of multiple reflection devices, and the lengths of the coding sequences of the multiple reflection devices are the same.

[0021] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the coding rule is further used to indicate the number of vacant bits in the code element.

[0022] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the number of vacant bits in the code element satisfies the following relationship: the number of vacant bits = 2×(k - 1) - 1, where k is used to indicate the reflection device and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0023] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, before decoding the signal, it further includes: obtaining a threshold value, where the threshold value is related to the number of code elements in the coding sequence, and the larger the number of code elements, the larger the threshold value; and decoding the signal, including: decoding the signal according to the threshold value.

[0024] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, decoding the signal according to the threshold value includes: obtaining the in-phase component of the signal according to the coding sequence corresponding to the bit with a value of 1; when the in-phase component of the signal is greater than or equal to the threshold value, determining that the value of the bit is 1; or when the in-phase component of the signal is less than the threshold value, determining that the value of the bit is 0.

[0025] Based on the second aspect, in a possible implementation of the second aspect, the in-phase component of the signal is obtained by performing a product operation on the decoded sequence and the encoded sequence corresponding to the bit with a value of 1, and the decoded sequence is obtained by demodulating the signal.

[0026] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method. This method can be executed by a transmitting end or a chip in the transmitting end. The method includes: determining an encoding rule, where the encoding rule is used for a reflection device to encode each bit in the data to obtain an encoded sequence, any encoded sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes a vacant bit; and sending the encoding rule.

[0027] Based on the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the code element includes a basic code element and a vacant bit, the basic code element is used to indicate the value of each bit in the data, and the vacant bit is located after the basic code element.

[0028] Based on the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the encoding rule is used to indicate the length of the encoded sequence.

[0029] Based on the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the transmitting end is used to send the encoding rule to multiple reflection devices, and the lengths of the encoded sequences of the multiple reflection devices are the same.

[0030] Based on the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the encoding rule is further used to indicate the number of vacant bits in the code element.

[0031] Based on the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the number of vacant bits in the code element satisfies the following relationship: the number of vacant bits = 2×(k - 1) - 1, where k is used to indicate the reflection device and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0032] Based on the third aspect, in a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes: sending a radio frequency signal, where the radio frequency signal is used to carry the encoding rule.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device for executing the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, the second aspect, or the third aspect above. Specifically, the device includes modules for executing the methods in the first aspect to the third aspect, and any possible implementation of the first aspect to the third aspect.

[0034] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, including a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store computer execution instructions, and the processor is used to run the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to execute the methods described in the first aspect to the third aspect, and any possible implementation of the first aspect to the third aspect.

[0035] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, including a processor and a communication interface. The processor is used to control the communication interface to execute the methods described in the first aspect to the third aspect, and any possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the third aspect.

[0036] In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium. A computer program or instruction is stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program or instruction runs on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the methods described in the first aspect to the third aspect, and any possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the third aspect.

[0037] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including a computer program. When the computer program runs, the computer is caused to execute the methods described in the first aspect to the third aspect, and any possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the third aspect.

[0038] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a chip or a chip system. The chip or the chip system includes at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line. The at least one processor is used to run a computer program or instruction to execute the methods described in the first aspect to the third aspect, and any possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the third aspect. Among them, the communication interface in the chip may be an input / output interface, a pin, a circuit, etc.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the chip or the chip system described above in the embodiment of the present application further includes at least one memory, and an instruction is stored in the at least one memory. The memory may be a storage unit inside the chip, for example, a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip (for example, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.).

[0040] It should be understood that the second aspect to the ninth aspect of the present application correspond to the technical solutions of the first aspect of the present application. The beneficial effects obtained by each aspect and the corresponding feasible implementation manners are similar and will not be elaborated herein. Description of the Drawings

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a communication architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a coding sequence and a reflected signal provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of signal interference provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a coding sequence of multiple reflection devices provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a reflected signal of multiple reflection devices provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of another signal interference provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of another data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 9 Decoding performance graph of a receiver provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 10 Decoding performance graph of another receiver provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 11 Decoding performance graph of yet another receiver provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] To facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces some terms and technologies involved in the embodiments of the present application:

[0055] 1. Reflection device

[0056] A reflection device refers to a device that can reflect received electromagnetic waves (such as radio frequency signals).

[0057] Reflection devices can be passive devices and semi-active devices. Passive devices do not contain an energy supply module (such as a battery) and need to rely on the received electromagnetic waves for energy supply. Semi-active tags are built-in with an energy supply module, but it is only used to maintain the working state of the device, and data transmission still needs to rely on the received electromagnetic waves for energy supply. The above-mentioned passive devices and semi-active devices are concepts relative to active devices. Active devices have an energy supply module, and this energy supply module can support active devices for data transmission without relying on electromagnetic waves in the environment for energy.

[0058] A reflection device may also be referred to as a user, a user equipment, or a device in some systems. Since the data transmission of the reflection device depends on the triggering of radio frequency signals, it may also be referred to as a passive user, a passive user equipment, or a passive device at some times.

[0059] 2. Other Terms

[0060] In the embodiments of the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with basically the same functions and roles. For example, the first chip and the second chip are only used to distinguish different chips, and do not limit their sequence. Those skilled in the art can understand that terms such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and terms such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily mean different.

[0061] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design solution described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the present application should not be construed as being more preferred or having more advantages than other embodiments or design solutions. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0062] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item)" or its similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item (item) or plural items (items). For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, or a - b - c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0063] The embodiments of the present application can be applied to the Internet of Things (IoT) communication scenario. Due to the strict requirements of IoT devices in terms of energy, cost, complexity, etc., in some cases, IoT devices may be passive devices or semi - active devices and are unable to provide energy for signal transmission on their own. In the IoT communication scenario, IoT devices can achieve low - cost and low - power communication through backscatter technology. Among them, the passive device, as a reflection device, receives the radio frequency (RF) signal from the transmitter. On the one hand, the RF signal can provide energy for the reflection device, and on the other hand, it can be modulated by the reflection device. The reflection device can modulate the data to be transmitted onto the amplitude of the RF signal by adjusting its antenna impedance and send the data to the receiver in the form of a reflected signal. The receiver processes the received reflected signal to recover the data sent by the reflection device.

[0064] Taking two reflection devices as an example, a possible multi - user communication system based on backscatter is as Figure 1 shown. This communication system consists of a transmitter, two reflection devices, and a cooperative receiver. In this communication system, the transmitter can be a RF signal source with a single antenna. The two reflection devices randomly access and send reflected signals, and the cooperative receiver has the ability to receive both active signals and passive signals. The communication from the transmitter to the cooperative receiver can be called active communication, and the signal received by the cooperative receiver through active communication is called an active signal. The communication in which the two reflection devices send reflected signals to the cooperative receiver by means of the RF signal sent by the transmitter can be called passive communication, and the reflected signal received by the cooperative receiver through passive communication can be called a passive signal. The cooperative receiver can detect the received active signals and passive signals.

[0065] In the IoT communication scenario, the distances between the transmitter, the receiver, and the reflection devices are relatively close. In some cases, it can be considered that the signal transmission environments of active communication and passive communication are the same. For example, the signal transmission environment can be white noise interference, which is represented by signal - to - noise ratio, etc.

[0066] The communication system of the embodiments of the present application can also include more than two reflection devices. The cooperative receiver can also be called a receiver or a detector, and this receiver is capable of receiving and processing the reflected signals from multiple reflection devices.

[0067] The method in the embodiments of the present application can also be used in the multi - tag asynchronous random access scenario in radio frequency identification (RFID) to distinguish multiple tag signals and obtain the data of each tag. The RFID system includes RFID tags and RFID readers. Among them, the RFID tag can be used as Figure 1 an example of the reflection device in Figure 1 and the RFID reader can be used as

[0068] In a radio frequency identification (RFID) system, an RFID tag, also known as an electronic tag, is usually attached to an object to identify and store information. The tag can contain a small chip and an antenna inside, and can store the unique identification information of the object. According to the power supply method, RFID tags can be passive tags and semi-active tags. Passive tags do not contain a battery and need to rely on the radio frequency signal of the RFID reader for power supply. Semi-active tags have a built-in battery, but it is only used to power the chip, and data transmission still needs to rely on the radio frequency signal of the RFID reader for power supply. RFID tags can receive the radio frequency signal sent by the RFID reader and send the data to the RFID reader after backscattering. Therefore, the RFID reader can also be used as Figure 1 an example of the receiver in

[0069] In the embodiments of the present application, the transmitter can also be referred to as the transmitting end or the sending end, and the receiver can also be referred to as the receiving end.

[0070] To reduce the error decoding caused by interference during signal transmission, in one possible implementation, the reflection device can modulate the radio frequency signal. A chip is the smallest modulation unit when modulating the radio frequency signal, and the chip duration can be used as the smallest time unit for signal transmission. By converting the binary data of the reflection device into a coding sequence, for example, 1 bit can be converted into a coding sequence (such as "1101001"). The reflection device determines the coding sequence according to the data to be sent, and each value in the coding sequence corresponds to a chip.

[0071] The radio frequency signal, as a carrier for the reflection device to send data, can also be called a carrier signal.

[0072] Exemplarily, the data of the reflection device includes one or more bits, and the binary value is 0 or 1. In one possible implementation, when the value of the bit is 0, the coding sequence obtained by the reflection device encoding consists of one or more "00", and when the value of the bit is 1, the coding sequence obtained by the reflection device encoding consists of one or more "10". "00" and "10" can be called a code element, and the value of the bit can be indicated by "00" and "10".

[0073] The reflection device modulates the radio frequency signal according to the coding sequence. Exemplarily, the amplitude of the radio frequency signal is modulated according to "10". During the chip time of "1", the amplitude of the radio frequency signal remains unchanged or is multiplied by a coefficient (non-zero), and during the chip time of "0", the amplitude of the radio frequency signal is 0.

[0074] In a communication method where a reflection device sends data by modulating a radio frequency signal through an encoding sequence, by dispersing 1 bit of information onto multiple chips, even if the information of some chips is interfered with during the decoding process by the receiver, the receiver can still correctly decode, improving the anti-interference ability of the signal.

[0075] With the increase in Internet of Things devices, the demand for multi-device communication under backscattering becomes more obvious. Since the reflection signal intensity of the reflection device in backscattering communication is weak, it is difficult to separate the mixed signals reflected by multiple reflection devices.

[0076] To reduce the error between the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices, the reflection signals can be sent orthogonally without interfering with each other. For example, time division multiple access technology or frequency division multiple access technology is used to transmit multiple reflection signals, and the reflection signals of different reflection devices use different time domain resources. When the receiver can synchronize the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices, the start and end times of the reflection signals of each reflection device can be obtained and the respective time units (chip duration, duration of the encoding sequence) can be accurately aligned, thus maintaining the orthogonal relationship between the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices, reducing the signal interference between reflection devices, and improving the decoding performance.

[0077] To enhance the orthogonality between the reflection signals of different reflection devices, another possible implementation method can be: different reflection devices use different symbol lengths for encoding to obtain encoding sequences of different lengths and send them to the receiver at different transmission rates. This improves the orthogonality between the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices, reduces the interference between signals, and improves the decoding performance through the corresponding decoding algorithm based on the symbol length.

[0078] In the embodiments of this application, the symbol length refers to the duration of the encoding sequence corresponding to the data of one bit. In some cases, for example, with reference to the chip duration, the symbol length can also be represented by the number of chips included in the encoding sequence. The symbol length can also be referred to as the length of the encoding sequence, the duration of the encoding sequence, the sequence length, etc.

[0079] Exemplarily, the symbol lengths encoded by two reflection devices are N and 2N respectively, and N can be a positive integer. As Figure 2 shown, when N is 2, the encoding symbol length of reflection device 1 is 2, and the bit with a value of 1 is represented by "10", and the bit with a value of 0 is represented by "00". Correspondingly, the encoding symbol length of reflection device 2 is 4, and the bit with a value of 1 is represented by "1010", and the bit with a value of 0 is represented by "0000". And so on, if N is 8, the bit with a value of 1 can be represented by "10101010", and the bit with a value of 0 is represented by "00000000".

[0080] The above method can achieve good performance when the receiver can synchronize the reflected signals of multiple reflection devices. However, in the Internet of Things, multiple reflection devices may send reflected signals asynchronously and randomly. Due to the asynchronous and random transmission of signals, it may cause the reflected signals of multiple reflection devices to be unable to align each time unit at the receiver, and the orthogonality between the reflected signals of multiple reflection devices is destroyed. The reflected signal of one reflection device within a period may be interfered by the reflected signals of other reflection devices within the same period. For example, there may be overlaps or losses in the coding sequences corresponding to some bit positions, resulting in decoding errors when the receiver decodes the reflected signal of this reflection device, thereby reducing the communication quality.

[0081] Exemplarily, as Figure 3 shown. In the scenario of random asynchronous access of three reflection devices, assuming that the symbol lengths of each bit of data of reflection device 1, reflection device 2, and reflection device 3 are . The data of reflection device 1 includes 1 bit with a value of 0, and the coding sequence is "00". The data of reflection device 2 includes 1 bit with a value of 0, and the coding sequence is "0000". The data of reflection device 3 includes 1 bit with a value of 1, and the coding sequence is "10101010". The reflected signal of reflection device 1 is shifted 4 chips to the right relative to the reflected signal of reflection device 3, and the reflected signal of reflection device 2 is shifted 2 chips to the right relative to the reflected signal of reflection device 3. Then the signal of reflection device 1 may be interfered by the reflected signal of reflection device 3, and the coding sequence becomes "10", corresponding to a data bit value of 1, resulting in a decoding error. The signal of reflection device 2 may also be interfered by the reflected signal of reflection device 3, and half of the chips may be demodulated to "0". For example, the coding sequence becomes "1010", corresponding to a data bit value of 1, causing a decoding error.

[0082] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application propose a data transmission method, which is applicable to the scenario where multiple reflection devices send data through reflected signals. By inserting empty positions in the coding sequence of the reflection device, the reflection device does not send reflected signals during the time corresponding to the empty positions, which can reduce interference to other reflected signals. In this way, when the receiver receives the reflected signals of multiple reflection devices, even if there is a certain time offset, it can reduce the influence of the interference caused by the time asynchronization between the reflected signals of multiple reflection devices, thereby reducing the probability of decoding errors and improving the decoding performance.

[0083] Next, in combination with Figure 4 , through the interaction between the transmitter, the reflection device, and the receiver, the data transmission method of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail, including steps S401a to S405.

[0084] S401a. The transmitter sends a radio frequency signal to the receiver.

[0085] The receiver can obtain the modulation information of the radio frequency signal from the received radio frequency signal, such as frequency, amplitude, or initial phase, etc. The modulation information can be used for operations such as demodulating the reflected signal.

[0086] Optionally, the transmitter can send control information to the receiver through the radio frequency signal. For example, the control information can include one or more pieces of information required for decoding the reflected signal, such as the length of the coding sequence, the format of the coding sequence, etc. Specifically, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions in the subsequent coding rules, which will not be elaborated here.

[0087] Furthermore, the receiver can also obtain the corresponding decoding rule according to the obtained coding rule. Specifically, the content related to the decoding rule can be referred to the description of the subsequent steps, which will not be elaborated here.

[0088] In the embodiments of the present application, this step is optional. In some cases, the modulation information of the radio frequency signal, the coding rule, etc. can be configured in the receiver in a pre-configured manner, and it may not be necessary to be provided to the receiver by the transmitter.

[0089] In this way, the receiver can obtain the modulation information and / or the decoding rule, and can effectively process the signal based on the decoding rule.

[0090] S401b. The transmitter sends a radio frequency signal to the reflection device.

[0091] The transmitter can send radio frequency signals to multiple reflection devices, including the first reflection device to the Nth reflection device. N is the number of reflection devices covered by the transmitter, and an integer can be used as the label of the reflection device. For example, a certain reflection device can be indicated by k.

[0092] The reflection device can also obtain the modulation information of the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency signal, such as frequency, initial phase, etc. The modulation information can be used for the reflection device to modulate the radio frequency signal and other operations.

[0093] In this way, the reflection device can obtain the energy for signal transmission from the received radio frequency signal, ensuring that signal transmission can be carried out when there is no power supply module for data transmission.

[0094] Optionally, the transmitter can send control information to the reflection device through the radio frequency signal. For example, the control information can include one or more pieces of information required for the reflection device to encode data and modulate the radio frequency signal, such as the length of the coding sequence, the format of the coding sequence, etc. Specifically, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions in the subsequent coding rules, which will not be elaborated here.

[0095] In this way, the reflection device can obtain the encoding rule from the transmitter. When the network changes, the transmitter can adjust the encoding rule according to the network conditions (such as the change in the number of reflection devices) and transmit it to the reflection device. This dynamic adaptability helps the system maintain good communication quality in different environments.

[0096] S402. The reflection device obtains the encoding rule and encodes the data according to the encoding rule to obtain an encoded sequence.

[0097] The encoding rule can refer to the rule for converting data by both communication parties to ensure the correct transmission and reception of data. After the data is encoded according to a certain encoding rule, the reliability of the communication system can be improved. The encoding rule can also be referred to as an encoding algorithm.

[0098] In the embodiments of the present application, the encoding rule is used to encode the data of the reflection device according to bit positions, and each bit position can be converted into an encoded sequence. Specifically, the encoded sequence can be composed of one or more code elements.

[0099] Specifically, the encoding rule can indicate the format of the encoded sequence: in the encoded sequence, the code element can include a basic code element and one or more vacant positions. Among them, the basic code element does not contain vacant positions, and the value of the bit position is indicated by two chips. For example, the basic code element can be "00" for indicating that the bit position value is 0, and the basic code element can also be "10" for indicating that the bit position value is 1. The code element including the basic code element and one or more vacant positions can also be referred to as an extended code element.

[0100] Corresponding to the basic code element, when the encoded sequence is composed of basic code elements and the number of vacant positions is 0, the encoded sequence can be referred to as a basic sequence. When the encoded sequence is composed of extended code elements and the number of vacant positions is not 0, the encoded sequence can be referred to as an extended sequence.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present application, "empty" is used to indicate that the corresponding chip is a vacant position. During the actual transmission process, the reflection device does not send a signal corresponding to the vacant position. In some cases, the vacant position can also be indicated in other forms, such as by characters such as "null".

[0102] For example, when the encoded sequence of the reflection device is an extended sequence, the encoded sequence corresponding to bit position 1 is composed of one or more extended code elements of "10 empty", and the encoded sequence corresponding to bit position 0 is composed of one or more extended code elements of "00 empty".

[0103] In this way, by adding vacant bits in the coding sequence, the reflector device does not send a signal during the duration corresponding to the vacant bits. Correspondingly, during the time corresponding to the vacant bits, the reflected signal of the reflector device will not interfere with the reflected signals of other reflector devices, which helps to reduce the overall interference level when the reflected signals of multiple reflector devices in the system are asynchronous, thereby improving the decoding performance of the system.

[0104] The coding rule may indicate the number of vacant bits included in each code element in the coding sequence of the reflection device, which may be represented by m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0105] In this way, the reflection device can obtain the number of vacant bits included in the code element, and can determine the format of the extended code element in combination with the basic code element, thereby effectively encoding the data. Correspondingly, when the receiver obtains the decoding rule corresponding to the encoding rule, it can also determine the format of the extended code element, making the decoding process simpler and faster, reducing the complexity of decoding.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, there are multiple reflective devices in the system. The formats of the coding sequences of the multiple reflective devices may be different. In the coding sequences of different reflective devices, the code elements may include different numbers of vacant bits. The number m of vacant bits is related to the number of reflective devices in the system. For example, the number of reflective devices in the system is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the number of vacant bits of the kth reflective device is represented by express, The first relationship between and k is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] like Figure 5 As shown, the number of vacant positions of reflection device 1 is 0, the number of vacant positions of reflection device 2 is 1, and the number of vacant positions of reflection device 3 is 3.

[0109] In the above description of the number of vacant positions, When the following first relationship is satisfied between and k, the number of vacant bits contained in each extended codeword in the extended sequence is an odd number. Since the basic codeword includes two (even) chips, this method of odd number of vacant bits can reduce the possibility that the basic codeword part in the coding sequence of one reflecting device completely overlaps with the basic codeword part in the coding sequence of another reflecting device when the reflected signals of different reflecting devices are offset by an even number of chips, thereby reducing signal interference in this case and reducing the decoding error rate.

[0110] Above In the description of the relationship between and k, The coding sequence at this time is the basic sequence. The k-th reflection device is used to distinguish different reflection devices through k, and establish the corresponding relationship between the reflection device and the number of vacant bits, and is not limited to a specific sorting. In the specific implementation process, the number of vacant bits can be randomly assigned by the reflector from the set for multiple reflection devices, or may be assigned according to certain rules.

[0111] Exemplarily, the emission source (transmitter) of the radio frequency signal determines the number of reflection devices in the system, and configures the number of vacant bits for each reflection device in a random manner in the set, and the number of vacant bits configured for two reflection devices is different. Another possible implementation manner is that the number of vacant bits of each reflection device can be pre-configured by the system, and the passive reflection device is encoded with a determined number of vacant bits.

[0112] Another possible implementation manner is that the transmitter can obtain one or more of the information such as the position, distance, reflection signal strength or data volume of the reflection device, and determine the number of vacant bits allocated to each reflection device according to one or more of this information. For example, the transmitter can allocate more vacant bits to the reflection device with a higher reflection signal strength to reduce the interference of the reflection signal of this reflection device on the reflection signals of other reflection devices. Or, the transmitter can allocate fewer vacant bits to the reflection device with a longer communication distance to increase the proportion of data bits sent within the duration of a coding sequence.

[0113] In the embodiments of the present application, the vacant bits are used to indicate that within the corresponding chip duration, the reflection device does not send a signal, or is used to transmit other control information (different from data). The control information can be information related to the coding rule, such as the number of vacant bits, etc., or it can be to instruct the receiver to discard the signal within the chip duration during decoding or process it as noise.

[0114] In order to complete the coding, the coding rule obtained by the reflection device also needs to include the symbol length.

[0115] In the embodiments of the present application, multiple reflection devices use the same symbol length. Compared with different reflection devices using different symbol lengths, it can reduce the probability that when a reflection device uses a shorter coding sequence, it is completely covered by the longer coding sequence of another reflection device, resulting in incorrect decoding of some bit data. On the other hand, the receiver needs to receive the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices. Using the same symbol length can simplify the processing mechanism of the receiver, reduce the complexity of the device, and improve the efficiency of data processing, which helps to improve the overall decoding performance of the system.

[0116] The specific value of the symbol length may be related to the number of users in the system.

[0117] In a possible implementation, the system can determine the symbol length according to the power of 2. Exemplarily, as Figure 6 shown, the symbol lengths of reflection device A, reflection device B, and reflection device C are all 8, and the coding sequences corresponding to the data with bit 1 are "10101010", "10 empty 10 empty 10", and "10 empty empty empty 10 empty", respectively.

[0118] The reflection device can encode the data according to the coding rule to obtain a coding sequence. Since the relationship between the symbol length and the length of the symbol element or the extended symbol element is not necessarily an integer multiple. When the symbol element or the extended symbol element repeats to reach the symbol length, the subsequent content is truncated accordingly.

[0119] Taking the case where the number of empty positions satisfies the first relationship and the symbol length satisfies the relationship of the power of 2 as an example, Figure 6 shows the coding sequences obtained after encoding the data of each reflection device in the case of 3 reflection devices.

[0120] Specifically, the data of reflection device A to reflection device C all contain 3 bits, and the values are 1, 1, and 0 respectively. The data of reflection device A (which can be used as the first reflection device, label k = 1) after encoding obtains 3 coding sequences: "10101010", "10101010", "00000000". The data of reflection device B (which can be used as the second reflection device, label k = 2) after encoding obtains 3 coding sequences: "10 empty 10 empty 10", "10 empty 10 empty 10", "00 empty 00 empty 00". The data of reflection device C (which can be used as the third reflection device, label k = 3) after encoding obtains 3 coding sequences: "10 empty empty empty 10 empty", "10 empty empty empty 10 empty", "00 empty empty empty 00 empty".

[0121] A possible way for the reflection device to obtain the coding rule is: carry the symbol length and / or the number of empty positions through the radio frequency signal. For example, carry the symbol length and the number of empty positions in the control information of the radio frequency signal, or carry the symbol length in the control information of the radio frequency signal and pre-configure the number of empty positions in each reflection device, or carry the set of the number of empty positions in the control information of the radio frequency signal and pre-configure the symbol length in each reflection device, and let each reflection device determine the number of empty positions in the set of the number of empty positions.

[0122] In some cases, information related to coding rules such as the symbol length and the number of empty positions can also be pre-configured in each reflection device and does not need to be obtained from the transmitter.

[0123] S403. The reflection device modulates the radio frequency signal according to the coding sequence to generate a reflection signal.

[0124] The reflection device amplitude-modulates the radio frequency signal according to the coding sequence to obtain a reflection signal.

[0125] Exemplarily, the process of amplitude modulation is as follows: during the duration of chip "1", the radio frequency signal maintains its original amplitude; during the duration of chip "0", the amplitude of the radio frequency signal becomes 0; during the duration of chip "idle", the radio frequency signal is not reflected and the reflection device does not send a signal, or during the duration of chip "idle", the radio frequency signal is used to send control information.

[0126] In a specific implementation process, since the reflection device is a passive device and cannot provide energy by itself, the energy for sending the reflection signal can be converted from the radio frequency signal. It can also be understood that a part of the energy of the radio frequency signal is used to supply energy to the reflection device, and the other part is used to modulate and transmit the coding sequence. Then, for the duration of chip "1", the amplitude of the reflection signal is lower than that of the radio frequency signal and can present a fixed ratio with the amplitude of the radio frequency signal. Moreover, the amplitudes of the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices in the system can be different after modulation.

[0127] Such as Figure 6 As shown, after three reflection devices A, B, and C amplitude-modulate the radio frequency signal according to the coding sequence respectively, reflection signals A, B, and C are obtained. In the embodiments of the present application, the reflection signals of different reflection devices are different, and only one of the reflection devices is taken as an example for illustration.

[0128] The reflection signal may also carry indications of the start and end times of the data. For example, the reflection signal includes an indication of the start time of the coding sequence, and the end time of the coding sequence can be obtained by combining the symbol length. Or, the start and end positions of the data frame can be indicated in the reflection signal by means of identification bits, etc.

[0129] In the embodiments of the present application, taking the radio frequency signal having a fixed amplitude, frequency, and phase as an example, the process of the reflection device amplitude-modulating the radio frequency signal according to the coding sequence is described. In the specific implementation process of the method of the embodiments of the present application, the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the radio frequency signal, etc., can change with time, and the specific form of the radio frequency signal should not limit the data transmission method of the embodiments of the present application.

[0130] In this way, by modulating the amplitude of the radio frequency signal, the reflection device can carry data in the modulated radio frequency signal and effectively transmit it to the receiver. Moreover, the amplitude modulation technology is relatively simple and easy to implement, reducing the complexity of data processing of the reflection device and saving costs.

[0131] S404. The reflection device sends the reflection signal to the receiver.

[0132] The reflected signal can be wirelessly transmitted to the receiver. During the transmission, the reflected signal may be interfered by environmental noise, reflected signals from other reflecting devices, etc., and may also cause attenuation or enhancement of the signal strength during transmission. Correspondingly, after the reflected signal is transmitted, the reflected signal received by the receiver can be called the target signal, and this target signal may be superimposed with the interference of the reflected signals from other reflecting devices.

[0133] In the case where there are multiple reflecting devices in the system, different reflecting devices can asynchronously and randomly transmit reflected signals. For example, the reflected signal of reflecting device B is shifted 1 chip to the left compared to the reflected signal of reflecting device A, or the reflected signal of reflecting device C is shifted 3 chips to the right compared to the reflected signal of reflecting device B, etc. A shift to the left means that the signal transmission time is advanced, and a shift to the right means that the signal transmission time is delayed. For example, a shift of 1 chip to the left means advancing by the duration of 1 chip.

[0134] S405. The receiver decodes the reflected signal according to the decoding rule to obtain data.

[0135] The decoding rule can indicate the rule for the receiver to process the signal and determine the data. The decoding rule can also be called the decoding algorithm, the decoding algorithm, or the decoding algorithm.

[0136] Specifically, the decoding rule can indicate that when the signal satisfies the first condition, the decoded value of the bit of the reflecting device is 1, and when the signal satisfies the second condition, the decoded value of the bit of the reflecting device is 0. The decoding rule corresponds to the encoding rule. In some cases, the decoding rule can be obtained according to the encoding rule. Exemplarily, the first condition and the second condition may be related to the structure of the encoding sequence. The receiver can determine the structure of the encoding sequence and determine the first condition and the second condition by obtaining the corresponding parameters of the encoding rule, such as the symbol length and the number of vacant bits in the encoding sequence of each reflecting device.

[0137] The first condition and the second condition can be represented by the relationship between the in-phase component and the threshold value. For example, the decoding rule includes:

[0138] The first condition: ;

[0139] The second condition: .

[0140] Wherein, is the in-phase component, which refers to the part of a signal that is completely aligned in phase with respect to a certain reference signal (radio frequency signal or carrier signal). is a threshold value combined with the number of vacant bits and the symbol length in the encoding rule.

[0141] In a possible implementation, the receiver processes the target signal according to the duration of one symbol to obtain the in-phase component. When the in-phase component is greater than or equal to the threshold value within the duration of one symbol, the bit corresponding to the coding sequence is decoded as 1. When the in-phase component is less than the threshold value, the bit corresponding to the coding sequence is decoded as 0.

[0142] Specifically, the receiver can process the received target signal according to the duration of each chip to obtain the value of each chip, so as to obtain the decoding sequence Y corresponding to the target signal. For example, after multiplying the reflected signal by the radio frequency signal and passing through low-pass filtering, the signal strength or signal amplitude of each chip duration can be obtained. The receiver may need to process the signal strength or signal amplitude of each chip duration through certain rules, and convert it to 1 or 0, so as to obtain the decoding sequence Y corresponding to the target signal. Specifically, when exceeding a certain value, the value of the chip is converted to 1. When not exceeding a certain value, the value of the chip is converted to 0.

[0143] Exemplarily, the receiver processes the obtained sequence according to the symbol length of the coding sequence. A sequence of one symbol length corresponds to one bit, which can be called the decoding sequence. The receiver can also perform a product operation on each chip of the decoding sequence and the coding sequence corresponding to the bit "1", and sum the values of the products of the corresponding chips to obtain the in-phase component decoding.

[0144] For the threshold value in the decoding rule, a possible method is to determine the number of chips included in the coding sequence corresponding to a bit "1" according to the coding rule. This number can be used as the threshold value for the receiver to decode. Since only one chip with a value of 1 is included in one chip element, the threshold value can also be the number of chips with a value of 1 in the coding sequence corresponding to a bit "1". Since the number of chips with a value of 1 in the coding sequences of different reflection devices is different, the threshold values of different reflection devices will also be different during the decoding process. The receiver compares the in-phase component with the threshold value and obtains the decoding result according to the magnitude relationship satisfied by the two.

[0145] The threshold value in the decoding rule of the k-th reflection device can be obtained by multiplying the proportion of chips with a value of 1 within the duration of one symbol length by the symbol length. When a coding sequence includes multiple complete chip elements, the threshold value is equal to the number of chip elements and is also equal to the number of chips with a value of 1 in the coding sequence corresponding to the bit "1".

[0146] In some cases, the last symbol in the coding sequence may be truncated. For example, for the coding sequence "10 empty empty empty 10 empty", the symbols are "10 empty empty empty", and the last symbol is truncated to "10 empty". Exemplarily, according to the first relationship, in sequence , when the symbol length is 8, within the duration of one symbol length, for the coding sequences corresponding to the bit "1" of multiple reflection devices, the proportion of chips with a value of 1 is: , correspondingly, is: , and this value can be used as a threshold. When is not an integer, the calculated value can also be processed by methods such as rounding down, rounding up, or rounding to the nearest integer to obtain an integer value as a reference component. For example, when it is 8 / 3, the reference component can be rounded down to 2 or rounded up to 3.

[0147] Taking the decoding sequence obtained by demodulating the signal of reflection device A as an example, the decoding process in the case of no interference is described. For decoding, for example, the receiver obtains that the symbol length of reflection device A is 8, and is 0. Then, the target signal is intercepted according to 8 chip lengths to obtain the decoding sequence corresponding to each bit: "10101010" "10101010" "00000000". The coding sequence corresponding to the bit "1" of reflection device A is "10101010". According to the decoding rule, the decoding sequence "10101010" is multiplied by each chip of the coding sequence "10101010" to obtain "10101010", and the sum of all values is the in-phase component which is 4, and the threshold is 8 / 2 = 4, satisfying the first condition , and the decoding result: the value of this bit is 1. Similarly, the decoding result of multiplying the decoding sequence "00000000" by each chip of the coding sequence "10101010" to obtain "00000000" is: the value of this bit is 0.

[0148] Another example is that the target signal is a mixed signal, the corresponding decoding sequence is 11110100, and the coding sequence corresponding to the bit "1" of the reflection device is 10101010. Then, by performing a product operation on the two sequences for each chip, 10100000 is obtained, and the corresponding in-phase component can be the number of chips with a value of 1, , satisfying , according to the second condition, the decoded value of this bit is 0. For example, if the target signal is a mixed signal, the corresponding decoded sequence is 11110110, and the coding sequence of the reflection device is "10 empty 10 empty 10", then, by performing a product operation on the two sequences for each chip, we get "10 empty 10 empty 10", and the corresponding in-phase component , satisfying , according to the first condition, the decoded value of this bit is 1.

[0149] In this way, the receiver can decode the received signal according to the threshold value to obtain data. Further, the threshold value is related to the format of the coding sequence indicated by the coding rule. The receiver can determine different threshold values for different reflection devices, so as to more accurately decode the signals of different reflection devices and improve the correctness of decoding.

[0150] The incorrect decoding of bit data is closely related to the demodulation result or the in-phase component of each chip. The proportion of the number of chips that may be interfered with in the symbol length can reflect the probability of incorrect decoding.

[0151] As Figure 7 shown, the data of reflection device A and reflection device B both contain 3 bits, which is 110. Assume that the chips with a value of 0 may be interfered with or covered by the chips with a value of 1 of other reflection devices. When the coding sequence of reflection device A is shifted 1 chip to the right compared to the coding sequence of reflection device B, within a 24-chip duration, 3 chips may be affected by the reflected signal of reflection device B, and incorrect decoding may occur. In contrast, if there is no empty bit, all the chips with a value of 0 of reflection device A may be interfered with by the reflected signal of reflection device B, and the probability of incorrect decoding is greater.

[0152] The data of reflection device C also contains 3 bits, which is 111. When the coding sequence of reflection device C is shifted 3 chips to the right compared to the coding sequence of reflection device B, within the 8-chip duration of one symbol length of reflection device B, during the duration of the coding sequence corresponding to the bit with a value of 1, since the chips correspond to the empty bits of reflection device C, the interference between each other may be eliminated. For example, the 3-bit data of reflection device B is 110. Among the corresponding 24 chips, only the 1st and 4th chips of the 3rd bit with a value of 0 may be interfered with by the coding sequence of reflection device C. According to the decoding rule, the decoded sequence is interfered with to be "10 empty 10 empty 00", and performing a product operation with "10 empty 10 empty 10" gives "10 empty 10 empty 00", and the in-phase component is 2, which is less than 8 / 3. The decoding result: the bit value is 0, and no incorrect decoding will occur. In contrast, if there is no empty bit, all the chips with a value of 1 of reflection device C may interfere with the reflected signal of reflection device B, and the probability of incorrect decoding is greater.

[0153] With the data transmission method according to the embodiments of the present application, in the case where multiple reflection devices send reflection signals asynchronously, different numbers of vacant bits can be used in the coding sequences of different reflection devices, and the mutual interference between the reflection signals of different reflection devices during the time corresponding to the vacant bits is reduced, thereby reducing the probability of decoding errors and improving the overall decoding performance of the system.

[0154] From the dimension of the reflection device capacity, with the data transmission method according to the embodiments of the present application, in the case where the receiver can achieve the same decoding performance, the method of reducing the interference between different reflection devices through vacant bits helps the system support more reflection devices for data transmission, thereby improving the reflection device capacity of the system.

[0155] The following will be combined with Figure 8 , through the interaction between the reflection device and the receiver, to detail the data transmission method according to the embodiments of the present application, including steps S801 to S804.

[0156] S801. The reflection device encodes the data to obtain the coding sequence of each bit in the data. Any coding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes a vacant bit.

[0157] Each coding sequence corresponds to the data of one bit. The reflection device encodes the data of the reflection device according to the coding rule to obtain the coding sequence. In the system, the coding rule can indicate the format of the coding sequence. The format of the coding sequence is: a coding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes a vacant bit. Specifically, the coding rule can also indicate that the coding sequence of the reflection device includes a basic sequence and a vacant bit, and indicate the number of vacant bits in each code element.

[0158] In a system with multiple reflection devices, multiple reflection devices can receive the radio frequency signal of the same transmitter and send data to the same receiver. In the system, the number of vacant bits of a certain reflection device is different from the number of vacant bits of other reflection devices in the system.

[0159] In addition, to determine the coding sequence, length information of the coding sequence is also required. Specifically, the format of the coding sequence, the information indicated by the coding rule, the information acquisition method, and other related contents can refer to Figure 4 the detailed description in the embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0160] In the embodiments of the present application, the extended code element in the coding sequence is composed of a basic code element and a vacant bit, and the vacant bit is located after the basic code element. This arrangement rule between the basic code element and the vacant bit can be obtained through the coding rule.

[0161] In this way, the reflection device can clearly determine the relative positions of the basic symbols and the vacant positions, which helps to effectively encode the data and reduce the encoding complexity. Further, the receiver can, according to the format of this determined coding sequence, help reduce the computational complexity and processing time, and decode the signal more efficiently.

[0162] Regarding the number of vacant positions included in the symbols in the coding sequences of the respective reflection devices, in addition to being allocated or determined in the manner of the first relationship, in the coding sequence of the k-th reflection device, the relationship between the number of vacant positions included in each symbol and the number of reflection devices in the system may also satisfy the following second relationship:

[0163]

[0164] Wherein the respective parameters in the second relationship can refer to Figure 4 the relevant descriptions in the embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0165] When the second relationship is satisfied, since no reflection signal is sent by the reflection device during the time corresponding to the vacant position, this reflection device will not interfere with other signals during this period. In the case of asynchrony among multiple reflection devices, it helps to correctly decode the signals of multiple reflection devices and improve the decoding performance. In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, regarding the determination method of the symbol length of the coding sequence, in addition to Figure 4 the method determined according to the Nth power of 2 in the corresponding embodiment, it can also be carried out in other ways.

[0166] Exemplarily, in some cases, the symbol length can also be the least common multiple of the symbol lengths (the number of chips included in the symbol) of multiple reflection devices. For example, if the number of vacant positions of 3 reflection devices are 0, 1, and 3 respectively, and the corresponding symbol lengths are 2, 3, and 5 respectively, and the least common multiple is 30, then the system can set the symbol length to 30. Or other common multiples such as 60, 90, etc.

[0167] In this way, each symbol length contains multiple complete basic symbols or extended symbols. Encoding or decoding the coding sequence according to the symbol length can avoid truncation of the symbols, increase the proportion of vacant positions, and thus help reduce decoding errors caused by interference between reflection devices. In some cases, in addition to being related to the number of reflection devices, the symbol length may also be related to the radio frequency signal strength or frequency or the data transmission rate requirement of the reflection device, etc.

[0168] S802. The reflection device obtains a signal according to the coding sequence.

[0169] The signal obtained by the reflection device according to the coding sequence can also be referred to as a reflection signal. In the embodiments of the present application, in a system of multiple reflection devices, different reflection devices can be indicated by an integer tag k. For example, the reflection signal corresponding to the k-th reflection device is called the k-th signal.

[0170] Specifically, the reflection device receives a radio frequency signal from a transmitter. The reflection device can amplitude-modulate the radio frequency signal according to the coding sequence to obtain a reflection signal. The specific process can refer to Figure 4 the detailed description in the embodiments.

[0171] Figure 4 In the embodiments, the process of obtaining the reflection signal is described under the condition that the amplitude, frequency, etc. of the radio frequency signal are fixed values. In the actual implementation process, the radio frequency signal may have changes in frequency, phase, or amplitude over time, etc. The form of the radio frequency signal does not limit the data transmission method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0172] S803. The reflection device sends a signal to the receiver.

[0173] The reflection device sends the modulated reflection signal to the receiver, thereby sending the data of the reflection device to the receiver.

[0174] In some cases, the reflection signal can also carry information related to encoding and / or decoding. For example, during the chip duration corresponding to the vacant bit of the foregoing coding sequence, the number of vacant bits, symbol length, or threshold value, etc. are sent through the reflection signal. Therefore, when the receiver obtains the information related to encoding and / or decoding, in addition to Figure 4 the relevant methods described in the corresponding embodiments, it can also be obtained through the reflection signal.

[0175] Correspondingly, the receiver receives the signal sent by the reflection device. There may be differences between the signal received by the receiver and the signal sent by the reflection device. In the embodiments of the present application, the reflection signal received by the receiver can also be referred to as a target signal.

[0176] S804. The receiver decodes the signal.

[0177] Before decoding the signal, the receiver can also obtain a threshold value. The threshold value is related to the number of code elements in the coding sequence. The larger the number of code elements, the larger the threshold value.

[0178] The threshold value is a parameter in the decoding rule. Specifically, regarding the threshold value and the relationship between the threshold value and the format of the coding sequence (such as the symbol length in the coding rule, the number of vacant bits included in each code element, etc.), reference can be made to Figure 4 the relevant description in the embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0179] One implementation of the receiver decoding the signal is that the receiver decodes the signal according to a threshold value.

[0180] Specifically, after the signal corresponding to the reflection device is sent to the receiver, the receiver can perform operations such as demodulating the signal to obtain a decoded sequence. The decoding process also depends on information related to the format of the encoded sequence. For example, the length of the encoded sequence corresponding to each bit, the number of empty positions in each encoded sequence, etc. This information related to the format of the encoded sequence can be included in the decoding rule, and some or all of the information in the decoding rule can also be obtained according to the corresponding encoding rule.

[0181] After the receiver demodulates to obtain the decoded sequence, it is necessary to calculate the in-phase component in combination with the encoded sequence and compare it with the threshold value to finally obtain the data. The specific decoding rule, that is, the decoding method, can refer to Figure 4 the detailed description in the embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0182] The data obtained by decoding may be different from the original data sent by the reflection device. In the embodiments of the present application, target data is used to distinguish it from the original data.

[0183] The specific decoding process can refer to Figure 4 the detailed description in the embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0184] Through the data transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present application, by inserting empty positions in the encoded sequence of the reflection device, during the time corresponding to the empty positions, the reflection device does not send reflection signals, which can reduce the interference to other reflection signals. In this way, in a scenario where multiple reflection devices send data through backscatter technology, when the receiver receives the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices, the influence of the interference caused by the time asynchronization between the reflection signals of multiple reflection devices is reduced, thereby reducing the probability of decoding errors and improving the system decoding performance.

[0185] Furthermore, the encoded sequences of multiple reflection devices adopt the same length, which can simplify the encoding rule and the decoding rule, avoid the receiver setting multiple decoding rules, reduce the complexity of the receiver, and is beneficial to improving the decoding efficiency and the system decoding performance.

[0186] Figure 9The simulation results in a system of two reflection devices (User 1 and User 2) are shown, where the reflected signal of User 2 is shifted 1 / 3 symbol length to the right relative to the reflected signal of User 1. Among them, Scheme 1 can be a data transmission method in which different reflection devices use different symbol lengths for encoding. The symbol length of User 1 is 300, and the symbol length of User 2 is 600. Scheme 2 adopts the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application. The symbol lengths of both User 1 and User 2 are 300. There are no empty positions in the encoding sequence of User 1, and each symbol in the encoding sequence of User 2 contains 1 empty position. The simulation results can prove that under the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application can make the bit error rate (BER) of Scheme 2 lower than that of Scheme 1 by inserting empty positions in the encoding sequences of some or all reflection devices. It shows that the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application can effectively reduce the decoding error rate and improve the system decoding performance.

[0187] Figure 10 and Figure 11 Then, the decoding performance of the method of the embodiment of the present application in the case of asynchronous random access of more reflection devices is simulated. Figure 10 The bit error rate obtained by adopting the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application in a system of three reflection devices (User 1, User 2, and User 3) is shown. Figure 11 The bit error rate obtained by adopting the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application in a system of four reflection devices (User 1, User 2, User 3, and User 4) is shown. In both cases, the receiver can effectively distinguish the signals of different reflection devices, and the bit error rate has the same trend as Figure 9 the decoding performance of Scheme 2 in the simulation shown, indicating that the method of the embodiment of the present application helps to distinguish the signals of more reflection devices, reduce the bit error rate, and improve the overall decoding performance of the system. From another perspective, when the decoding performance required by the system is the same, the method of the embodiment of the present application can support more reflection devices for data transmission.

[0188] It should be noted that the module names involved in the embodiments of the present application can all be defined as other names, as long as the functions of each module can be realized, and no specific restrictions are imposed on the module names.

[0189] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in the embodiments of the present application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. And the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of relevant countries and regions, and corresponding operation entrances are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0190] The data transmission method of the embodiments of the present application has been described above. Next, the device for executing the above method provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described. Those skilled in the art can understand that the method and the device can be combined and cited with each other. The relevant device provided by the embodiments of the present application can execute the steps in the above-listed sorting method.

[0191] Next, in combination with Figure 12 and Figure 13 , the communication device of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail. The communication device includes modules or units corresponding to each part in the above embodiments for execution. The module or unit can be software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Only a brief example of the communication device is given below. For the implementation details of the solution, reference can be made to the description of the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be repeated hereinafter.

[0192] Figure 12 FIG. is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1200 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 12 shown, the device 1200 includes: a processing module 1201 and a transceiver module 1202.

[0193] In a possible implementation manner, the device 1200 is used to execute the steps performed by the reflection device in the method embodiment.

[0194] The processing module 1201 is configured to: encode data to obtain an encoding sequence of each bit in the data. Any encoding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes empty positions. The transceiver module 1202 is configured to: send a signal according to the encoding sequence.

[0195] Optionally, the transceiver module 1202 can also be the processing module 1201.

[0196] In another possible implementation manner, the device 1200 is used to execute the steps performed by the transmitting end in the method embodiment.

[0197] The processing module 1201 is configured to: determine an encoding rule, where the encoding rule is used for the reflection device to encode each bit in the data to obtain an encoding sequence. Any encoding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes empty positions. The transceiver module 1202 is configured to: send the encoding rule.

[0198] In another possible implementation, the apparatus 1200 is configured to perform the steps executed by the receiving end in the method embodiments.

[0199] The transceiver module 1202 is configured to: receive a signal, where the signal is obtained according to an encoding sequence, any encoding sequence includes one or more code elements, and any code element includes empty positions. The processing module 1201 is configured to: decode the signal.

[0200] It should be understood that the apparatus 1200 here is embodied in the form of functional modules. The term "module" here may refer to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (such as a shared processor, a dedicated processor, or a group of processors, etc.) for executing one or more software or firmware programs, a memory, a combined logic circuit, and / or other suitable components that support the described functions.

[0201] In some embodiments provided in the present application, Figure 12 the apparatus 1200 in may also be a chip, for example: a modem (Modem).

[0202] Figure 13 FIG. shows a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus 1300 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The apparatus 1300 includes a processor 1301, a transceiver 1302, and a memory 1303. Among them, the processor 1301, the transceiver 1302, and the memory 1303 communicate with each other through an internal connection path. The memory 1303 is used to store instructions, and the processor 1301 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 1303 to control the transceiver 1302 to send and / or receive signals. It can be understood that the transceiver 1302 may be a communication interface or an input / output interface.

[0203] It should be understood that the device 1300 may specifically be the reflection device, the transmitting section, or the receiving end in the above embodiments, and may be used to execute each step and / or process corresponding to the reflection device, the transmitting section, or the receiving end in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memory 1303 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor. A part of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory may also store information about the device type. The processor 1301 may be used to execute the instructions stored in the memory, and when the processor 1301 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 1301 is used to execute each step and / or process of the above method embodiments. The transceiver 1302 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter may be used to implement each step and / or process corresponding to the above transceiver for performing the sending action, and the receiver may be used to implement each step and / or process corresponding to the above transceiver for performing the receiving action.

[0204] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0205] In the implementation process, each step of the above method may be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor or the instructions in the form of software. The steps of the method in combination with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware processor, or executed and completed by a combination of the hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the art such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor executes the instructions in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0206] The Modem may include a NAS (non-access stratum) layer, an RRC (radio resource control) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and a physical (PHY) layer. Each of the foregoing layers may be a software module. The Modem may interact with a base station via an antenna.

[0207] Some embodiments of the present application provide a chip system, which is applied to a reflection device, a transmitting section, or a receiving end. The chip system includes at least one processor and an interface. The interface is configured to receive instructions and transmit them to the at least one processor. The at least one processor runs the instructions to cause the reflection device, the transmitting section, or the receiving end to execute the above data transmission method. Among them, the chip system may be a Modem, or a system on chip (Soc) including a Modem. The above method may be implemented by a single Modem.

[0208] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store a computer program for implementing the method shown in the above method embodiments.

[0209] The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program (which may also be referred to as code or instructions). When the computer program runs on a computer, the computer may execute the method shown in the above method embodiments.

[0210] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the modules and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0211] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0212] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of the devices or modules can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0213] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0214] In addition, in each embodiment of the present application, the functional modules can be integrated in a processing module, or each module can exist physically alone, or two or more modules can be integrated in one module.

[0215] If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM), random access memories (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc., which can store program codes.

[0216] The above specific implementation manners further elaborate on the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the above are only the specific implementation manners of the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0217] In each embodiment of the embodiments of the present application, if there is no special description and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be cross-referenced, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: Encoding data to obtain an encoding sequence for each bit in the data. Any one of the encoding sequences includes one or more code elements, and any one of the code elements includes empty positions. Transmitting a signal according to the encoding sequence.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The code element includes a basic code element and an empty position. The basic code element is used to indicate the value of each bit in the data, and the empty position is located after the basic code element.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The encoding sequence is obtained by encoding the data according to an encoding rule, and the encoding rule is used to indicate the length of the encoding sequence.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein The encoding rule is further used to indicate the number of empty positions in the code element.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of vacant positions in the symbol satisfies the following relationship: the number of vacant positions = , where k is a value used to indicate the reflection device, the reflection device is a device for encoding the data, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Before transmitting the signal according to the encoding sequence, it further includes: Receiving a radio frequency signal. Transmitting the signal according to the encoding sequence includes: Amplitude modulating the radio frequency signal according to the encoding sequence to obtain the signal. Transmitting the signal.

7. A data transmission method, characterized in that, For the receiving end, the method includes: Receiving a signal, where the signal is obtained according to an encoding sequence. Any one of the encoding sequences includes one or more code elements, and any one of the code elements includes empty positions. Decoding the signal.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein The signal is used to carry data of a reflection device. The code element consists of a basic code element and an empty position. The basic code element is used to indicate the value of each bit in the data, and the empty position is located after the basic code element.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The encoding sequence is obtained by encoding each bit in the data according to an encoding rule, and the encoding rule is used to indicate the length of the encoding sequence.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein The receiving end is used to receive signals of multiple reflection devices, and the lengths of the encoding sequences of the multiple reflection devices are the same.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The encoding rule is further used to indicate the number of empty positions in the code element.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein The number of vacant bits in the symbol satisfies the following relationship: the number of vacant bits = , where k is used to indicate the reflection device, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

13. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that Before decoding the signal, it further includes: Obtaining a threshold value, where the threshold value is related to the number of code elements in the encoding sequence. The larger the number of code elements, the larger the threshold value. Decoding the signal includes: Decoding the signal according to the threshold value.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Decoding the signal according to the threshold value includes: Obtaining the in-phase component of the signal according to the encoding sequence corresponding to the bit with a value of 1. When the in-phase component of the signal is greater than or equal to the threshold value, determining that the value of the bit is 1; or When the in-phase component of the signal is less than the threshold value, determining that the value of the bit is 0.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein The in-phase component of the signal is obtained by performing a multiplication operation on the decoding sequence and the encoding sequence corresponding to the bit with a value of 1, and the decoding sequence is obtained by demodulating the signal.

16. A data transmission method, characterized in that, For the transmitting end, the method includes: Determining an encoding rule, where the encoding rule is used for a reflection device to encode each bit in the data to obtain an encoding sequence. Any one of the encoding sequences includes one or more code elements, and any one of the code elements includes empty positions. Transmitting the encoding rule.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein The code element includes a basic code element and an empty position. The basic code element is used to indicate the value of each bit in the data, and the empty position is located after the basic code element.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The encoding rule is used to indicate the length of the encoding sequence.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The transmitting end is used to send encoding rules to multiple reflection devices, and the encoding sequences of the multiple reflection devices have the same length.

20. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The encoding rule is further used to indicate the number of empty positions in the symbol.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein The number of vacant positions in the symbol satisfies the following relationship: the number of vacant positions = , where k is used to indicate the reflection device, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

22. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that, The method further includes: Sending a radio frequency signal, where the radio frequency signal is used to carry the encoding rule.

23. A communication device, characterized in that, Comprising: A processor and a memory; The memory stores computer-executable instructions; The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the method described in any one of claims 1-6, or, the method described in any one of claims 7-15, or, the method described in any one of claims 16 to 22.

24. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method described in any one of claims 1-6, or, the method described in any one of claims 7-15, or, the method described in any one of claims 16 to 22.

25. A chip system, characterized in that, Comprising at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line, and the at least one processor is used to run a computer program or instruction to execute the method described in any one of claims 1-6, or, the method described in any one of claims 7-15, or, the method described in any one of claims 16 to 22.

26. A computer program product, characterized in that, Comprising a computer program, when the computer program is run, it causes the computer to execute the method described in any one of claims 1-6, or, the method described in any one of claims 7-15, or, the method described in any one of claims 16 to 22.

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